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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Impressed current

Academic literature on the topic 'Impressed current'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Impressed current"

1

Arendt, H. Fr. "Impressed current cathodic protection." Materials and Corrosion 56, no. 4 (April 2005): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.200403834.

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Celdran, R., and P. Gonzalo. "Cathodic protection by impressed current." Journal of Chemical Education 62, no. 6 (June 1985): 531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed062p531.

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Nagar, R. P. "Remoteness of Impressed Current Anode Groundbeds." CORROSION 67, no. 1 (January 2011): 025001–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/1.3543717.

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Broomfield, John P. "A Historical Review of Impressed Current Cathodic Protection of Steel in Concrete." Construction Materials 1, no. 1 (December 9, 2020): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/constrmater1010001.

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This paper reviews the history of the development of impressed current cathodic protection of atmospherically exposed reinforced concrete from the first trials in 1959 on bridges to recently installed systems on a wide range of structures around the world. The paper covers the research efforts, anode developments, control systems and monitoring sensors which are reviewed and their evolution explained. The research into the potential and actual side effects of cathodic protection currents in concrete are summarised. The development of standards and guidance on impressed current cathodic protection is also reviewed.

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OKAMOTO, Katsutomo. "Impressed Current Deep Ground beds for Cathodic Protection." CORROSION ENGINEERING 36, no. 1 (1987): 42–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3323/jcorr1974.36.1_42.

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Stepanov, B., A. Anghel, P. Bruzzone, and M. Vogel. "Impact of Impressed Current Unbalance on n-Index." IEEE Transactions on Appiled Superconductivity 14, no. 2 (June 2004): 1495–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2004.830667.

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Holmes, S., A. Roberts, G. Glass, P. Robins, and G. Wilcox. "Response of Protective Current to Environmental Conditions During Sacrificial Anode Concrete Repair Treatments." Corrosion 67, no. 10 (October 1, 2011): 105005–105005. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/1.3647766.

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Abstract This work examines the current response of installed “hybrid” (combined impressed current and sacrificial) anodes to changes in environmental conditions and investigates the effect of this “responsive behavior” on anode life span. The behavior reported is also discussed in terms of its correlation with the two reported models regarding the criteria for steel protection in concrete. The study showed that current passed by the installed anode was responsive to changes in concrete temperature, moisture, and chloride content during both the impressed current and galvanic phases of the hybrid treatment. This meant that anode life was conserved in benign conditions and shortened when the concrete environment was aggressive. It was also seen that a high current density impressed current treatment “activated” the installed anode, allowing it to pass a much higher current during the galvanic phase of the treatment. The data collected fits better with the acidification/pit realkalization model for corrosion monitoring of steel in atmospheric concrete, rather than the pitting potential/repassivation potential model used frequently in the industry.

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Sada, Bassim, Ramzy Ali, and Khearia Ali. "Identification and Control of Impressed Current Cathodic Protection System." Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering 12, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 214–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37917/ijeee.12.2.12.

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In this paper the identification and control for the impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) system are present. Firstly, an identification model using an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS) was implemented. The identification model consists of four inputs which are the aeration flow rates, the temperature, conductivity, and protection current, and one output that represented by the structure-to-electrolyte potential. The used data taken from an experimental CP system model, type impressed current submerged sample pipe carbon steel. Secondly, two control techniques are used. The first control technique use a conventional Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller, while the second is the fuzzy controller. The PID controller can be applied to control ICCP system and quite easy to implement. But, it required very fine tuning of its parameters based on the desired value. Furthermore, it needed time response more than fuzzy controller to track reference voltage. So the fuzzy controller has a faster and better response.

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Sadiq Radhi, Mushtaq, Maan S. Hassan, and Iqbal N. Gorgis. "Experimental Comparability Among Different Accelerated Reinforced Steel Concrete Corrosion Methods." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.20 (November 28, 2018): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.20.25928.

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The objective of this paper is to inspect the effect of changing the density of the impressed current and wetting-drying condition on accelerated corrosion of reinforced concrete specimens by a galvanostatic method. Small-scale reinforced concrete columns were prepared and then artificially corroded by different setups of accelerated corrosion under an impressed current and also under different wetting-drying cycles for comparison. The density of the impressed current ranged between 50 and 500 µA/cm2 with different wetting-drying cycles periods. Corrosion current, and cracking were monitored throughout the accelerated corrosion period to determine the level of damage caused by the development of expansive reinforcement steel corrosion products, appearance of the first crack, and pattern of cracking.The results indicated that the galvanostatic method with wetting-drying sequences can be utilized effectively to simulate the normal corrosion of steel reinforcement in the concrete structure. The usage of different intensities of the current has no influence on the crack pattern. Though, increasing the current level leads to a substantial increase in the crack width due to corrosion of the steel reinforcement in a shorter time.

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Chernov, Boris Borisovich, Van Mung Vu, and Anas Maskharovich Nugmanov. "Comparative efficiency of different realization methods of cathodic protection for marine structures." E3S Web of Conferences 225 (2021): 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202122504001.

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Economic efficiency in using the solar panels as the DC sources for the impressed current cathodic protection of offshore structures was compared with the sacrificial anode cathodic protection. The calculation was based on the example of a sheet pile wall with a surface area of 2000 m2 protected by various methods of cathodic protection: the impressed current cathodic protection powered by a rectifier device, by solar panels with batteries, by solar panels without batteries and sacrificial anode cathodic protection. The results showed that the cost of impressed current cathodic protection powered by solar panels without batteries is the lowest after 10 years of operation. Cathodic protection powered only by solar panels without batteries is the most beneficial in cold climates when battery life is reduced, and for facilities that are remote from centralized power sources, where the power supplying cost to the protected structure is difficult to estimate due to specific situations.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Impressed current"

1

Rohaya, Abdul Malek. "Assessment of Chloride Induced Corrosion and Impressed Current Cathodic Protection Conditions in Repaired Reinforced Concrete." Kyoto University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/231995.

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2

Eastwood, Bryan J. "A fundamental study of the electrochemical failure mechanisms of a novel impressed current cathodic protection system." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363874.

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Tang, Denglei, and Denglei Tang@gmail com. "Influence of Chloride-induced corrosion cracks on the strength of reinforced concrete." RMIT University. Civil, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, 2008. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080530.091350.

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In marine environments and where de-icing salts are applied, the degradation of reinforced concrete structures due to chloride induced corrosion of the reinforcement is a major problem. The expansive nature of the corrosion process results in cracking of the concrete and eventually spalling. In order to select suitable remedial measures it is necessary to make an assessment of the residual strength and the residual life. In order to investigate the effect of corrosion on bond strength of the reinforcement, specimens comprising square prismatic sections containing steel reinforcement in the four corners have been subjected to a wet-dry cycle and corrosion has been accelerated by polarising the bars. The research has studied the change of bond strength with level of corrosion for 12 mm and 16 mm bars with concrete cover of 1 and 3 times the bar size. The bond strength is assessed by means of pull out tests and the corresponding extent of corrosion has been assessed in terms of the mass loss. Observations and measurements of the form of the corrosion (pit dimensions and loss of bar diameter) are also presented. The relationship between bond strength and surface crack width has been investigated. Results show that the surface crack width may be a good indicator of residual bond strength. In addition, the influence on bond strength of concrete compressive strength, reinforcement cover, bar position and bar size on the change of bond strength has been explored. It should be noted that all conclusions drawn in this project are based on tests on specimens without shear reinforcement (unconfined) and that accelerated corrosion (by impressed current) has been adopted. Consequently, care should be exercised in applying these results directly to structures in the field. Additional research is needed to assess the influence of impressed current on crack patterns and the effect of shear reinforcement.

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Boerstler, Joshua Trevitt. "Corrosion Degradation of Coated Aluminum Alloy Systems through Galvanic Interactions." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1524185375873158.

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Axelsson, Erik, and Mårten Ringborg. "Katodiskt Korrosionsskydd : Hur fungerar katodiskt korrosionsskydd ombord på fartyg?" Thesis, University of Kalmar, Kalmar Maritime Academy, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hik:diva-1703.

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Idén till detta arbete uppstod som en följd av att vi på den fartygsförlagda praktiken upptäckt att kunskapen om katodiskt korrosionsskydd är mycket bristfällig hos många ombordanställda. Vi har även gjort en mindre undersökning bland yrkesverksamma maskinister för att se hur kunskapsnivån inom detta område ligger ombord. Undersökningen visar att vår hypotes om kunskapsnivån stämde till stor del. Ytterliggare ett skäl till att vi studerat det här området är att vi själva har velat fördjupa oss i ämnet, då våra egna erfarenheter endast varit att skriva av siffror från en display. Vår huvudfrågeställning har varit, Hur fungerar katodiskt korrosionsskydd ombord på fartyg? För att få svar på denna frågeställning har vi bedrivit litteraturstudier inom ämnet. De teoretiska kunskaperna har vi samlat från internet och böcker. De praktiska kunskaperna har vi fått från tidigare praktikperioder samt under praktik på MS Silja Galaxy under perioden december 2008 till januari 2009.

The idea for this exam paper arose under our onboard training periods. Under these periods we understood that the knowledge in cathodic corrosion protection was poor among the engine personal. We have also made a minor survey among marine engineers to see how the knowledge in this area is onboard. The survey shows that our hypothesis on the level of knowledge corresponded to a large extent. Further reason why we studied this area is that we wanted to deepen us in this subject, when our own experience only was to write numbers from a display. Our main question has been how cathodic corrosion protection work at ships. In order to answer this question, we conducted literature studies in the subject. The theoretical knowledge we have gathered from internet and books. The practical knowledge we have gained from previous training periods and during onboard training on MS Silja Galaxy in December 2008 to January 2009.

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Corinaldesi, Patrizio. "The Strategy of Italian micro-small business to face the current economic difficulties." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Ekonomihögskolan, ELNU, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-19609.

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The current economic-financial conditions in Italy are characterized by the financial crisis, decrease in demand, increase in taxation and banking credit restriction. Moreover, this aspects add up to structural problems of the Italian economy, like low level of labor productivity and high public debt. Italian industry is formed mainly by micro and small companies, that are suffering particularly this situation. This research wants to identify successful strategies for micro and small Italian companies to face actual difficulties and compete in these dynamics. To do that, the method chosen is the multiple-case and the qualitative research with semi-structured interviews to key respondents and strategic decision makers of three micro and small Italian companies. Starting from the literature review on strategic subjects, this paper wants to contribute to investigate a range of successful strategies that Italian micro-small companies could adopt to overcome current problems. The findings of this research are that part of the strategic process should be internal to companies, adopting a right size and boundaries, a good corporate culture, a rigorous financial management and a deep innovation’s process, both for process and products. Then, the more successful competitive strategy for Italian small company seems to be a hybrid strategy, mostly balanced on differentiation. Finally, a partial diversification by developing new products or/and new markets is a good strategy to diversify the high risk of the current situation and create new possibilities of success.

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7

萬昭隆. "The Beneficial Analyze in Impressed Current Cathode Protection (ICCP) System for Merchant Vessel." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02175041961044987410.

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碩士
國立臺灣海洋大學
商船學系所
99
Although modern hull coatings can provide protection against corrosion to some extent they seldom offer a complete solution. For this reason, most ship-owners choose to protect their vessels with the purpose designed Sacrificial Anode Cathode System (SACS) and Impressed Current Cathodic Protection System (ICCP). This study analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of these systems based on the length of overall and the areas of ship’s hull which these systems are installed. Traditionally, the corrosion prevention method is based on the principle of cathodic protection. All metals and alloys undergo a natural process of corrosion depending on the metal and the surrounding environment. Metal atoms have loosely bonded electrons which they tend to lose. When a metal is immersed in an electrolyte such as sea-water this tendency results in the setting up of an electric potential. The loss of electrons from the metal leads to its dissolution or corrosion. Further if two dissimilar metals, e.g. zinc and steel, are electrically in contact and immersed in the same electrolyte, the more reactive (or baser) metal – zinc will part with its electrons more readily and will corrode in preference to the less reactive (or nobler) metal – steel. The surface or material where loss of electrons and hence corrosion takes place is called the anode and the surface where electrons are absorbed and where there is no corrosion is called the cathode. This sacrifice the zinc (anode) to protect the steel (cathode) is called Sacrificial Anode Cathode System. The other system ICCP works on the principle that current flowing on to any metal shifts its normal potential in the negative direction and if correct amounts of current can be impressed on the surface to be protected, the potential of the surface can be shifted sufficiently to a level where the surface will not corrode. ICCP systems work by taking the ship’s power, converting it using as a transformer rectifier unit into direct current and impressing this on to the hull through inert anodes strategically positioned on the hull. The current will flow from the inert anodes through the sea water and back to the hull. This is ensured by a sufficiently large dielectric coating applied on the hull around the anode. This study collects the initial and maintenance costs and related expenses from thirteen vessels which installed SACS or ICCP respectively. Analyzed and compared its related data for the reference of ship-owners to choose the right system for their ships.

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Books on the topic "Impressed current"

1

Engineers, National Association of Corrosion. Impressed current test methods for laboratory testing of aluminium. Houston: NACE, 1990.

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National Association of Corrosion Engineers. Design, installation, operation, and maintenance of impressed current deep groundbeds. Houston: NACE, 1995.

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3

Tao, D. Corrosion protection of grinding mills in the prosphate industry using impressed current technology: Final report. Bartow, FL: Florida Institute of Phosphate Research, 2004.

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Tao, D. Corrosion protection of grinding mills in the prosphate industry using impressed current technology: Final report. Bartow, FL: Florida Institute of Phosphate Research, 2004.

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5

National Association of Corrosion Engineers., ed. Impressed current anodes for underground cathodic protection systems. NACE, 1997.

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6

Off-potential measurement systems for impressed current cathodic protection. [Champaign, IL]: US Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratories, 1994.

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7

L, Van Blaricum Vicki, and Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, eds. Cathodic protection diagnostic computer program for sacrificial and impressed current systems: Overview and user's manual. Champaign, Ill: US Army Corps of Engineers, Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, 1991.

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8

National Association of Corrosion Engineers., ed. Standard recommended practice: Impressed current cathodic protection of reinforcing steel in atmospherically exposed concrete structures. Houston: NACE, 2000.

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9

National Association of Corrosion Engineers., ed. Standard test method: Testing of embeddable impressed current anodes for use in cathodic protection of atmospherically exposed steel-reinforced concrete. Houston: NACE, 2001.

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10

Dyson, R. J., H. L. Green, and R. J. Moulton. Measurement of Diver Resistance and the Electric Fields Generated Near the Diver by Impressed Current Anodes and by Welding (Offshore Technology Report). Stationery Office Books, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Impressed current"

1

Dixit, Meenakshi, and Ashok Kumar Gupta. "Assessment of Corrosion in Rebars by Impressed Current Technique." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 89–97. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6969-6_9.

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Chess, Paul M. "Present Use of Impressed Current Cathodic Protection in Reinforced Concrete." In Cathodic Protection for Reinforced Concrete Structures, 31–48. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, a CRC title, part of the: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351045834-3.

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Tighe-Ford, D. J. "A Systematic Approach to the Design of Warship Impressed Current Cathodic Protection Systems." In Modelling Aqueous Corrosion, 381–97. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1176-8_18.

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4

Alraeeini, Ahmed Saleh, Ehsan Nikbakht, and Mokhtar Che Ismail. "Square Steel Tube Impressed Current Corrosion Rate in Term of Linear Polarization Resistance (LPR) Method." In Advances in Civil Engineering Materials, 123–30. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6560-5_14.

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Jacob, W. R. "Impressed-current Anodes." In Shreir's Corrosion, 2781–800. Elsevier, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-044452787-5.00154-2.

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Bohnes, H., and D. Funk. "Impressed Current Anodes." In Handbook of Cathodic Corrosion Protection, 207–24. Elsevier, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-088415056-5/50014-9.

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BRAND, J. W. L. F., and P. LYDON. "Impressed-current Anodes." In Corrosion, 10:56–10:92. Elsevier, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-052351-4.50083-2.

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Watson, G. O. "Impressed current cathodic protection." In Marine Electrical Practice, 239–46. Elsevier, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-7506-1013-1.50021-5.

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"Impressed Current Cathodic Protection Systems." In Cathodic Protection, 179–200. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118737880.ch10.

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"Impressed Current Cathodic Protection Systems." In Corrosion Engineering and Cathodic Protection Handbook, 151–58. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119284338.ch24.

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Conference papers on the topic "Impressed current"

1

DeGiorgi, Virginia G., and Stephanie A. Wimmer. "Review of Sensitivity Studies for Impressed Current Cathodic Protection Systems." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-48937.

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The Naval Research Laboratory has conducted investigations into the computational simulations of shipboard cathodic protection systems for several decades providing a scientific basis for the application of computational modeling to corrosion and signature systems. This work has expanded to other facilities and organizations, several of which are commercial in nature. However, much of the individual sensitivity studies which have led to an increased understanding of the behavior of cathodic protection systems have not had a high visibility. In this paper the authors review selected critical studies with notes towards future work. Because of their impact on modeling accuracy and means of defining components the authors have selected variations in electrolyte conductivity, damage modeling approaches, material characterization and paint characterization for review.

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Peratta, Cristina, Andres Peratta, John Baynham, and Robert Adey. "Computer Modeling of Impressed Current Cathodic Protection (ICCP) System Anodes." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-86124.

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Computer modeling is now widely used to predict how effective cathodic protection (CP) systems are at protecting structures and maritime vessels. There are two types of CP systems based on either sacrificial anodes or impressed anodes (ICCP) or some combination of the two types. Impressed anodes are often referred to as “active” systems as they can respond to changes in the protection requirements as they are connected to some form of control system. Typically in computer models ICCP anodes are controlled by specifying the current they output in response to the potential measured at a reference electrode. In this paper an alternative approach has been investigated where the model also includes the power supply as well as the associated cables etc connecting to the anodes. This enables us to more accurately model situations where any number of anodes are connected to a single power supply, anode/reference electrode (RE) failure scenarios, non symmetric anode layouts, localized damage to coatings and situations where there are significant appendages to the vessel which change the current requirements. The paper will describe the technical approach to the modeling and present examples of modeling of a commercial FPSO vessel. (Floating, Production, Storage and Offloading vessels are used in the Oil & Gas industry typically as part of deepwater developments) The benefits of the proposed approach compared with the conventional approach will be presented and the results critically analyzed.

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Young, John C., Robert Pfeiffer, Robert J. Adams, and Stephen D. Gedney. "Locally corrected Nyström discretization for impressed current cathodic protection systems." In 2018 International Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Symposium (ACES). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ropaces.2018.8364201.

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Roxas, Cheryl, Bernardo Lejano, and Jason Ongpeng. "Corrosion performance of seawater concrete with fly ash under impressed current." In Fifth International Conference on Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies. Coventry University and The University of Wisconsin Milwaukee Centre for By-products Utilization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18552/2019/idscmt5125.

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Becken, M., and T. Lindau. "Utilizing Impressed Current Cathodic Protection as the Source for Electromagnetic Exploration." In 76th EAGE Conference and Exhibition - Workshops. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20140563.

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Rohmannuddin, T. N., L. Noerochim, B. M. Aji, and Sulistijono. "Effects of backfill type variations on current protections in impressed current cathodic protection using battery current sources." In 1ST INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON ADVANCES IN METALLURGY AND MATERIALS (i-SENAMM 2019). AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0016050.

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Adey, Robert, John Baynham, and Cristina Peratta. "Modeling of Impressed Current Cathodic Protection Anode Arrangements for Storage Tank Bottoms." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-47192.

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Above ground tanks are frequently used for the storage of Oil & Gas products and they can present a challenge to design an optimum corrosion control system. The base of the tank lies on or near the surface of the ground and is in contact with the material used to support the tank and therefore presents a corrosion challenge. One method of protecting the bottom of a tank is by use of an impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) system. There are a number of types of Cathodic Protection systems which are designed to protect the tank base in these circumstances. The details of the design of such a system are very important for optimal performance and also the cost, if a number of such systems are to be installed The consequence of a poor design can be uneven distribution of protection potential on the tank base or in the worst cases regions where corrosion of the tank base can take place. An over designed system on the other hand can have significant economic consequences both in terms of installation cost and running costs. Computer modeling is now widely used to optimize CP Designs and verify that the design of the cathodic protection (CP) system meets the design requirements. In this paper a modeling tool is presented which enables corrosion engineers to evaluate the performance of tank base CP systems by predicting the protection provided to the tank for a given CP design. The paper describes and discusses all aspects of the modeling methodology, which it then applies to several different design concepts.

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B, Sai Shankar, K. P. Pranav, and Kiran Raj R. "Solar powered corrosion prevention in iron pipelines using Impressed Current Cathodic Protection." In 2014 14th International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eeeic.2014.6835896.

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Sharma, Hemant K., Abdulrahman K. Al-Mulhim, and Saad M. Al-Mutairi. "Optimizing Impressed Current for Effective and Economic Cathodic Protection of Well Casings." In SPE Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Annual Technical Symposium and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/192288-ms.

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Sibiya, C. A., K. Kusakana, and B. P. Numbi. "Smart System for Impressed Current Cathodic Protection Running on Hybrid Renewable Energy." In 2018 Open Innovations (OI). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oi.2018.8535796.

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