Relevant bibliographies by topics / Imprecisione

Academic literature on the topic 'Imprecisione'

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Published: 9 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Imprecisione"

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Hall, Robert A. "Arbitrarieta'e imprecisione nel linguaggio." Linguistica 31, no. 1 (December 1, 1991): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/linguistica.31.1.25-29.

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In queste citazioni si rispecchiano gli estremi di due punti di vista opposti con­ cernenti il rapporto tra illinguaggio e Ia realtà non linguistica. L'approccio di colo­ roche, come Diodoro e Roger Price, credono che le forme linguistiche abbiano si­ gnificati precisi e inalterabili, si definisce normalmente "convenzionalistico", giac­ che si presume che I 'uso del linguaggio segue regole e convenzioni che permettono poca o nessuna variazione. Dei due approcci, questo è più vecchio ed è alia base del­ le prescrizioni della grammatica e della lessicografia accademiche. L'opinione del grammatico stoico Crisippo, secondo Ia quale ogni fenomeno linguistico sarebbe polisemico, è assai meno diffusa tra gli studiosi dellinguaggio. Gli estremisti di que­ sta scuola sostengono che nessuna manifestazione dellinguaggio abbia un significa­ to preciso o un rapporto qualsiasi con il mondo reale e che, per conseguenza, illin­ guaggio si riferisca unicamente a sé stesso. Questa dottrina ha le sue radici nello "scetticismo radicale concernente illinguaggio" espresso da John Locke nel suo Es­ say Concerning Humane Understanding del 1690, ed è stata esumata nella seconda meta del Novecento dal gruppo parigino dei Telqueliens come Jacques Derrida, Ro­ land Barthes, Julia Kristeva e i loro seguaci.
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C. Corbin, J., A. Othman, J. D. Allan, D. R. Worsnop, J. D. Haskins, B. Sierau, U. Lohmann, and A. A. Mensah. "Peak-fitting and integration imprecision in the Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer: effects of mass accuracy on location-constrained fits." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 8, no. 11 (November 3, 2015): 4615–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-4615-2015.

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Abstract. The errors inherent in the fitting and integration of the pseudo-Gaussian ion peaks in Aerodyne high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometers (HR-AMSs) have not been previously addressed as a source of imprecision for these or similar instruments. This manuscript evaluates the significance of this imprecision and proposes a method for their estimation in routine data analysis. In the first part of this work, it is shown that peak-integration errors are expected to scale linearly with peak height for the constrained-peak-shape fits performed in the HR-AMS. An empirical analysis is undertaken to investigate the most complex source of peak-integration imprecision: the imprecision in fitted peak height, σh. It is shown that the major contributors to σh are the imprecision and bias inherent in the m/z calibration, both of which may arise due to statistical and physical non-idealities of the instrument. A quantitative estimation of these m/z-calibration imprecisions and biases show that they may vary from ion to ion, even for ions of similar m/z. In the second part of this work, the empirical analysis is used to constrain a Monte Carlo approach for the estimation of σh and thus the peak-integration imprecision. The estimated σh for selected well-separated peaks (for which m/z-calibration imprecision and bias could be quantitatively estimated) scaled linearly with peak height as expected (i.e. as n1). In combination with the imprecision in peak-width quantification (which may be easily and directly estimated during quantification), peak-fitting imprecisions therefore dominate counting imprecisions (which scale as n0.5) at high signals. The previous HR-AMS uncertainty model therefore underestimates the overall fitting imprecision even for well-resolved peaks. We illustrate the importance of this conclusion by performing positive matrix factorization on a synthetic HR-AMS data set both with and without its inclusion. In the third part of this work, the Monte Carlo approach is extended to the case of an arbitrary number of overlapping peaks. Here, a modification to the empirically constrained approach was needed, because the ion-specific m/z-calibration bias and imprecision can generally only be estimated for well-resolved peaks. The modification is to simply overestimate the m/z-calibration imprecision in all cases. This overestimation results in only a slight overestimate of σh, while significantly reducing the sensitivity of σh to the unknown, ion-specific m/z-calibration biases. Thus, with only the measured data and an approximate estimate of the order of magnitude of m/z-calibration biases as input, conservative and unbiased estimates of peak-integration imprecisions may be obtained for each peak in any ensemble of overlapping peaks.
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Petersen, P. H., C. G. Fraser, J. O. Westgard, and M. L. Larsen. "Analytical Goal-Setting for Monitoring Patients When Two Analytical Methods are Used." Clinical Chemistry 38, no. 11 (November 1, 1992): 2256–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/38.11.2256.

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Abstract Serial results from an individual are often obtained using more than one method. Results should be transferable over time and locale. Every method has inherent analytical error, and goals are required to delineate the maximum allowable random (imprecision) and systematic (inaccuracy, bias) errors to facilitate optimal patient care. Based on Harris's proposal [Am J Clin Pathol 1979;72:374-82] that desirable imprecision should be less than or equal to one-half the within-subject biological variation, if the methods have negligible imprecision, then the maximum allowable bias between two methods used for monitoring is one-third of the within-subject biological variation. A more general model has been developed that relates the analytical imprecisions of two methods, and the bias between them, to biological variation. Applying the general formula derived in specific clinical monitoring situations in which a known change in serial results (occurring at a stated probability) stimulates clinical action allows goals for the imprecisions of the two methods and allows the difference in bias between them to be determined quantitatively.
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Rodríguez-Toubes Muñiz, Joaquín. "La imprecisión del lenguaje legislativo, expuesta en el artículo 18 LRJSP | The Imprecision Of Statutory Language, Exposed In Section 18 Of The Spanish Act On Legal Status Of The Public Sector (LRJSP)." Cuadernos Electrónicos de Filosofía del Derecho, no. 36 (December 27, 2017): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/cefd.36.10447.

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Resumen: La imprecisión lingüística es una de las razones principales por las que es necesario interpretar las disposiciones legales, junto a la percepción de incongruencia entre su significado y la razón práctica que las explica o justifica. Son causas de imprecisión del lenguaje legislativo la vaguedad, la ambigüedad semántica, la ambigüedad pragmática y algunas otras, como la redundancia, la repetición, la infraespecificación, la inconsistencia y las anomalías. Todas ellas están presentes en el artículo 18 de la Ley 40/2015, de 1 de octubre, de Régimen Jurídico del Sector Público. El trabajo analiza la imprecisión lingüística de las leyes con una clasificación de problemas sistemática y tomando este artículo como caso de estudio. Abstract: Linguistic imprecision is one of the main reasons why interpreting statutes is necessary, besides the perception of incongruence between their meaning and the practical reason that explains or justifies them. Causes or imprecision of statutory language are vagueness, semantic ambiguity, pragmatic ambiguity and some others, such as redundancy, repetition, infraspecification, inconsistence and anomalies. All of them are present in section 18 of the Spanish Law 40/2015, of 1 October, of Legal Regime of the Public Sector [Ley de Régimen Jurídico del Sector Público]. The paper analyses the linguistic imprecision of statutes with a systematic and comprehensive classification of problems, and taking that section 18 as a study case.
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Hage-Sleiman, Mehdi, Ladislas Capdevila, Sophie Bailleul, and Guillaume Lefevre. "High-sensitivity cardiac troponin-I analytical imprecisions evaluated by internal quality control or imprecision profile." Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) 57, no. 4 (March 26, 2019): e49-e51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2018-0529.

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Bookbinder, M. J., and K. J. Panosian. "Using the coefficient of correlation in method-comparison studies." Clinical Chemistry 33, no. 7 (July 1, 1987): 1170–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/33.7.1170.

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Abstract The coefficient of correlation (R) is one of the most commonly computed statistics in method-comparison studies. Usually, it is simply quoted without interpretation. In this paper, we show how R may be used to detect interference, nonlinearity, and misuse of the imprecision components. Specifically, one may precisely predict what R should be by considering the imprecisions of the two methods being compared, even before the comparison is performed. When the actual R disagrees with the predicted R, then one of the mentioned effects is present. We also describe a statistical test to detect these effects at the P = 0.05 level, then evaluate this test by using computer simulation and present two examples of its use. We also present the theory underlying the usage of R, including how R is affected by the distribution and range of the data, by the joint imprecisions of the methods being compared, by the sample size, and by the randomness of the specimen-selection process.
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FitzGerald, Garret A. "Imprecision." Circulation 135, no. 2 (January 10, 2017): 113–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.116.026324.

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Tuuminen, Tamara, Esko Tavast, Riitta Väisänen, Jaakko-Juhani Himberg, and Ilkka Seppälä. "Assessment of Imprecision in Gamma Interferon Release Assays for the Detection of Exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 17, no. 4 (February 24, 2010): 596–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00320-09.

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ABSTRACT New gamma interferon (IFN-γ) release assays (IGRAs) to detect an exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis have recently been launched. The majority of the studies in temperate-climate countries agree that these methods have superior specificity and equal or even superior sensitivity over tuberculin skin tests (TSTs) in the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis (TB) infection (LTBI). However, reproducibility data of IGRAs are virtually missing. We assessed within-run, between-run, and total imprecision of two commercial IGRAs by testing samples from subjects with a stable state of TB infection or treated pulmonary TB, a sample from a healthy volunteer, and internal quality control samples. We calculated coefficients of variance (CV%s) to describe assays variability and compared the obtained results to the reported CV%s for other commercial immunodiagnostic methods. We illustrate an example of assay variability near the cutoff zone to demonstrate the necessity of a gray zone. Due to the strict adherence to the standard operation procedures (SOP) adopted in our laboratory, the total imprecision of enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT)- and enzyme immunoassay (EIA)-based IGRAs was at a maximum CV% of 37.8% for the samples with moderate and high reactivities. Imprecision of testing samples with very low reactivity levels or nonreactive samples may, however, exceed 100%. In conclusion, despite multiple steps of the method performance, the analytical imprecision of IGRAs, which in our study design included also between-lot variability and had a component of normal biological variation, was well in accordance with the reported imprecisions of other manual immunodiagnostic tests. The recognition of the variability around the cutoff point advocates the use of a gray zone to avoid ambiguous result interpretations.
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Illuminati, Augusto. "Averroè, una traduzione ininterrotta." Doctor Virtualis, no. 17 (May 14, 2022): 107–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.54103/2035-7362/17830.

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La mia collaborazione con Massimo Campanini si è sviluppata su comuni interessi per i classici del pensiero islamico ma con competenze assai diverse, essendo io più orientato a studiare gli effetti e gli sviluppi che essi produssero sul pensiero occidentale medievale e moderno attraverso una pratica di traduzioni spesso creative per imprecisione – l’inverso dell’operazione che essi stessi avevano fatto rispetto a Platone e Aristotele.Averroè-Ibn Rushd è già un bell’esempio di deformazione del nome, ma proprio la formazione della sua opera e i modi in cui è stata trasmessa al mondo ebraico e cristiano sono singolari testimonianze degli esiti ambigui del processo traduttivo. Cerchiamo infatti di mostrare come la lettura del De substantia orbis abbia stimolato sia nel Medioevo che nel Rinascimento non solo il rifiuto del creazionismo ma anche posizioni panteistiche, mentre la famosa tesi dell’intelletto materiale unico contenuta nel Commentarium Magnum al De anima aristotelico ha stimolato molteplici varianti del monopsichismo, da Spinoza a Marx e alla più recente letteratura post-strutturalista. My collaboration with Massimo Campanini developed around our common interests in the classics of Islamic thought, but with very different approaches, since I am more oriented towards studying the effects and developments they produced on medieval and modern Western thought through a practice of translation that was often creative in terms of inaccuracy – so the opposite of what had been done with respect to Plato and Aristotle.The same Averroes-Ibn Rushd is a fine example of name distortion, and the very formation of his work and the ways in which it was transmitted to the Jewish and Christian world are singular testimonies to the ambiguous outcomes of this translation process. I try to show how the reading of De substantia orbis in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance stimulated not only the rejection of creationism but also pantheistic beliefs, while the famous thesis on the material intellect exposed in the Commentarium Magnum to Aristotle’s De anima stimulated many variants of monopsychism, from Spinoza to Marx and the more recent post-structuralist literature.
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Manjunathaiah, M., and Denis A. Nicole. "Precise Analysis of Array Usage in Scientific Programs." Scientific Programming 6, no. 2 (1997): 229–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1997/312872.

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The automatic transformation of sequential programs for efficient execution on parallel computers involves a number of analyses and restructurings of the input. Some of these analyses are based on computing array sections, a compact description of a range of array elements. Array sections describe the set of array elements that are either read or written by program statements. These sections can be compactly represented using shape descriptors such as regular sections, simple sections, or generalized convex regions. However, binary operations such as Union performed on these representations do not satisfy a straightforward closure property, e.g., if the operands to Union are convex, the result may be nonconvex. Approximations are resorted to in order to satisfy this closure property. These approximations introduce imprecision in the analyses and, furthermore, the imprecisions resulting from successive operations have a cumulative effect. Delayed merging is a technique suggested and used in some of the existing analyses to minimize the effects of approximation. However, this technique does not guarantee an exact solution in a general setting. This article presents a generalized technique to precisely compute Union which can overcome these imprecisions.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Imprecisione"

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CAMPAGNER, ANDREA. "Robust Learning Methods for Imprecise Data and Cautious Inference." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2023. https://hdl.handle.net/10281/404829.

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La rappresentazione, quantificazione e gestione dell'incertezza è uno dei problemi centrali nell'Intelligenza Artificiale, ed in particolare nel Machine Learning, in cui l'incertezza è intrinsecamente collegata alla natura induttiva dell'apprendimento. Tra diverse forme d'incertezza, la modellazione dell'imprecisione, cioè il problem di gestire dati o conoscenza imperfetta o incompleta, ha recentemente attratto molto interesse nella comunità di ricerca, per via delle sue implicazione teoriche e applicate sull'uso di strumenti basati sul Machine Learning. Questo lavoro si concentra sul problema di gestire l'imprecision nel Machine Learning, sotto due diverse prospettive. Da un lato, l'imprecisione che riguarda i dati di input alla pipeline di Machine Learning, da cui si origina il problema dell'apprendimento da dati imprecisi. Dall'altro, l'imprecisione come strumento per implementare processi di quantificazione dell'incertezza nel Machine Learning, al fine di permettere a questi ultimi di fornire previsioni set-valued e portare quindi alla definizione di metodi di inferenza cauta. Lo scopo di questo lavoro, quindi, riguarda lo studio teorico ed empirico dei due scenari summenzionati. Per quanto riguarda il problema dell'apprendimento da dati imprecisi, il focus principale riguarda l'investigazione del problema dell'apprendimento da fuzzy label, sia da un punto di visto teorico che algoritmo. I contributi principali includono: la proposta di una caratterizzazione teorica del problema; la proposta di un nuovo algoritmo di ensemble, basato su pseudo-label, e il suo studio dal punto di visto teorico ed empirico; l'applicazione del summenzionato algoritmo in tre problemi medici reali; ed infine la proposta e lo studio di algoritmi di feature selection per ridurre la complessità computazionale e limitare la "curse of dimensionality" per algoritmi di apprendimento da fuzzy label. Per quanto riguarda l'inferenza cauta, il focus principale riguarda lo studio teorico di tre framework per l'inferenza cauta e lo sviluppo di nuovi algoritmi ed approcci per estendere l'applicabilità di tali framework in setting complessi. I contributi principali in questo senso riguardo lo studio delle proprietà teoriche di, e le relazioni tra, metodi di inferenza cauta decision-teorici, basati sulla selective prediction e sulla conformal prediction; lo studio di modelli ensemble di inferenza cauta, sia da un punto di vista empirico che teorico, mostrando in particolare che tali ensemble permettono di migliorare la robustezza e la generalizzazione di algoritmi di Machine Learning, nonché di facilitare l'applicazione di metodi d'inferenza cauta a dati complessi, multi-sorgenti o multi-modali
The representation, quantification and proper management of uncertainty is one of the central problems in Artificial Intelligence, and particularly so in Machine Learning, in which uncertainty is intrinsically tied to the inductive nature of the learning problem. Among different forms of uncertainty, the modeling of imprecision, that is the problem of dealing with data or knowledge that are imperfect} and incomplete, has recently attracted interest in the research community, for its theoretical and application-oriented implications on the practice and use of Machine Learning-based tools and methods. This work focuses on the problem of dealing with imprecision in Machine Learning, from two different perspectives. On the one hand, when imprecision affects the input data to a Machine Learning pipeline, leading to the problem of learning from imprecise data. On the other hand, when imprecision is used a way to implement uncertainty quantification for Machine Learning methods, by allowing these latter to provide set-valued predictions, leading to so-called cautious inference methods. The aim of this work, then, will be to investigate theoretical as well as empirical issues related to the two above mentioned settings. Within the context of learning from imprecise data, focus will be given on the investigation of the learning from fuzzy labels setting, both from a learning-theoretical and algorithmic point of view. Main contributions in this sense include: a learning-theoretical characterization of the hardness of learning from fuzzy labels problem; the proposal of a novel, pseudo labels-based, ensemble learning algorithm along with its theoretical study and empirical analysis, by which it is shown to provide promising results in comparison with the state-of-the-art; the application of this latter algorithm in three relevant real-world medical problems, in which imprecision occurs, respectively, due to the presence of conflicting expert opinions, the use of vague technical vocabulary, and the presence of individual variability in biochemical parameters; as well as the proposal of feature selection algorithms that may help in reducing the computational complexity of this task or limit the curse of dimensionality. Within the context of cautious inference, focus will be given to the theoretical study of three popular cautious inference frameworks, as well as to the development of novel algorithms and approaches to further the application of cautious inference in relevant settings. Main contributions in this sense include the study of the theoretical properties of, and relationships among, decision-theoretic, selective prediction and conformal prediction methods; the proposal of novel cautious inference techniques drawing from the interaction between decision-theoretic and conformal predictions methods, and their evaluation in medical settings; as well as the study of ensemble of cautious inference models, both from an empirical point of view, as well as from a theoretical one, by which it is shown that such ensembles could be useful to improve robustness, generalization, as well as to facilitate application of cautious inference methods on multi-source and multi-modal data.
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Schoenfield, Miriam. "Imprecision in normative domains." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/72922.

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Thesis (Ph. D. in Philosophy)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy, 2012.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Being rational and being moral can be difficult. However, some theories of rationality and morality make living up to these ideals too difficult by imposing requirements which are excessively rigid. In this dissertation, I defend and explore the implications of relaxing some of these requirements. I first consider the implications of thinking that rational agents' doxastic attitudes can be represented by imprecise, rather than precise probabilities. In defending this position, I develop a distinction between an idealized, and less idealized notion of rationality. I then explore the moral implications of the thought that facts about value cannot be represented by a precise value function. Finally, I defend permissivism, the view that sometimes there is more than one doxastic attitude that it is rationally permissible to adopt given a particular body of evidence, and show that this view has some interesting implications for questions about higher order evidence.
by Miriam Schoenfield.
Ph.D.in Philosophy
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Nguyen, Vu-Linh. "Imprecision in machine learning problems." Thesis, Compiègne, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018COMP2433.

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Nous nous sommes concentrés sur la modélisation et l'imprécision dans les problèmes d'apprentissage automatique, où les données ou connaissances disponibles souffrent d'imperfections importantes. Dans ce travail, les données imparfaites font référence à des situations où certaines caractéristiques ou les étiquettes sont imparfaitement connues, c'est-à-dire peuvent être spécifiées par des ensembles de valeurs possibles plutôt que par des valeurs précises. Les apprentissages à partir de données partielles sont couramment rencontrés dans divers domaines, tels que la biostatistique, l'agronomie ou l'économie. Ces données peuvent être générées par des mesures grossières ou censurées, ou peuvent être obtenues à partir d'avis d'experts. D'autre part, la connaissance imparfaite fait référence aux situations où les données sont spécifiées avec précision, cependant, il existe des classes qui ne peuvent pas être distinguées en raison d'un manque de connaissances (également appelée incertitude épistémique) ou en raison d'une forte incertitude (également appelée incertitude aléatoire). Considérant le problème de l'apprentissage à partir de données partiellement spécifiées, nous soulignons les problèmes potentiels liés au traitement de plusieurs classes optimales et de plusieurs modèles optimaux dans l'étape d'inférence et d'apprentissage, respectivement. Nous avons proposé des approches d'apprentissage actif pour réduire l'imprécision dans ces situations. Pourtant, la distinction incertitude épistémique/aléatoire a été bien étudiée dans la littérature. Pour faciliter les applications ultérieures d'apprentissage automatique, nous avons développé des procédures pratiques pour estimer ces degrés pour les classificateurs populaires. En particulier, nous avons exploré l'utilisation de cette distinction dans les contextes d'apprentissage actif et prudent
We have focused on imprecision modeling in machine learning problems, where available data or knowledge suffers from important imperfections. In this work, imperfect data refers to situations where either some features or the labels are imperfectly known, that is can be specified by sets of possible values rather than precise ones. Learning from partial data are commonly encountered in various fields, such as bio-statistics, agronomy, or economy. These data can be generated by coarse or censored measurements, or can be obtained from expert opinions. On the other hand, imperfect knowledge refers to the situations where data are precisely specified, however, there are classes, that cannot be distinguished due to a lack of knowledge (also known as epistemic uncertainty) or due to a high uncertainty (also known as aleatoric uncertainty). Considering the problem of learning from partially specified data, we highlight the potential issues of dealing with multiple optimal classes and multiple optimalmodels in the inference and learning step, respectively. We have proposed active learning approaches to reduce the imprecision in these situations. Yet, the distinction epistemic/aleatoric uncertainty has been well-studied in the literature. To facilitate subsequent machine learning applications, we have developed practical procedures to estimate these degrees for popular classifiers. In particular, we have explored the use of this distinction in the contexts of active learning and cautious inferences
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Naji, Zeyad Tarik. "Correcting for data imprecision in MRP2 systems." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.280967.

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Portman, Martin. "Imprecision in real-time systems : theory and practice." Thesis, University of York, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282288.

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Edwards, Peter J. "Analogue imprecision in MLPs implications and learning improvements." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/13772.

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Analogue hardware implementations of Multi-Layer Perceptrons (MLP) have a limited precision that has a detrimental effect on the result of synaptic multiplication. At the same time however the accuracy of the circuits can be very high with good design. This thesis investigates the consequences of the imprecision on the performance of the MLP, examining whether it is accuracy or precision that is of importance in neural computation. The results of this thesis demonstrate that far from having a detrimental effect, the imprecision or synaptic weight noise enhances the performance of the solution. In particular the fault tolerance and generalisation ability are improved. In addition, under certain conditions, the learning trajectory of the training network is also improved. Through a mathematical analysis and subsequent verification experiments the enhancements are reported. Simulation experiments examine the underlying mechanisms and probe the limitations of the technique as an enhancement scheme. For a variety of problems, precision is shown to be significantly less important than accuracy. In fact imprecision can have beneficial effects on learning performance.
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Haywood, S. M. "Estimating and visualising imprecision in radiological emergency response assessments." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2011. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/6156.

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After an accidental release of radioactivity to atmosphere, modelling assessments are needed to predict what the contamination levels are likely to be and what measures need to be taken to protect human health. These predictions will be imprecise due to lack of knowledge about the nature of the release and the weather, and also due to measurement inaccuracy. This thesis describes work to investigate this imprecision and to find better ways of including it in assessments and representing it in results. It starts by reviewing exposure pathways and the basic dose calculations in an emergency response assessment. The possible variability of key parameters in emergency dose calculations is considered, and ranges are developed for each. The imprecision typically associated with calculational endpoints is explored through a sensitivity study. This has been done using both a simple Gaussian atmospheric dispersion model and also real-time weather data in combination with a complex atmospheric dispersion model. The key parameters influencing assessment imprecision are identified. These are demonstrated to be factors relating to the release, arising from inevitable lack of knowledge in the early stages of an accident, and factors relating to meteorology and dispersion. An alternative improved approach to emergency response assessments is then outlined, which retains a simple and transparent assessment capability but which also indicates the imprecision associated with the results through incomplete knowledge. This tool uses input from real-time atmospheric dispersion and weather prediction tools. A prototype version of the tool has been created and this has been used to produce example results. The final stage of the thesis describes the use of the new tool to develop ways in which imprecise or uncertain information can be presented to decision makers. Alternative presentational techniques are demonstrated using example results.
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Straszecka, Ewa. "Measures of uncertainty and imprecision in medical diagnosis support." Praca habilitacyjna, Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej, 2010. https://delibra.bg.polsl.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?showContent=true&id=997.

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Eguiguren, Praeli Francisco José. "El actual estado de emergencia: Justificación, alcances, imprecisiones y riesgos." Foro Jurídico, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/119505.

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Crossman, Richard John. "Limiting conditional distributions : imprecision and relation to the hazard rate." Thesis, Durham University, 2009. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/14/.

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Many Markov chains with a single absorbing state have a unique limiting conditional distribution (LCD) to which they converge, conditioned on non-absorption, regardless of the initial distribution. If this limiting conditional distribution is used as the initial distribution over the non-absorbing states, then the probability distribution of the process at time n, conditioned on non-absorption, is equal for all values of n>0. Such an initial distribution is known as the quasi-stationary distribution (QSD). Thus the LCD and QSD are equal. These distributions can be found in both the discrete-time and continuous-time case. In this thesis we consider finite Markov chains which have one absorbing state, and for which all other states form a set which is a single communicating class. In addition, every state is aperiodic. These conditions ensure the existence of a unique LCD. We first consider continuous Markov chains in the context of survival analysis. We consider the hazard rate, a function which measures the risk of instantaneous failure of a system at time t conditioned on the system not having failed before t. It is well-known that the QSD leads to a constant hazard rate, and that the hazard rate generated by any other initial distribution tends to that constant rate. Claims have been made by Aalen and by Aalen and Gjessing that it may be possible to predict the shape of hazard rates generated by phase type distributions (first passage time distributions generated by atomic initial distributions) by comparing these initial distributions with the QSD. In Chapter 2 we consider these claims, and demonstrate through the use of several examples that the behaviour considered by those conjectures is more complex then previously believed. In Chapters 3 and 4 we consider discrete Markov chains in the context of imprecise probability. In many situations it may be unrealistic to assume that the transition matrix of a Markov chain can be determined exactly. It may be more plausible to determine upper and lower bounds upon each element, or even determine closed sets of probability distributions to which the rows of the matrix may belong. Such methods have been discussed by Kozine and Utkin and by Skulj, and in each of these papers results were given regarding the long-term behaviour of such processes. None of these papers considered Markov chains with an absorbing state. In Chapter 3 we demonstrate that, under the assumption that the transition matrix cannot change from time step to time step, there exists an imprecise generalisation to both the LCD and the QSD, and that these two generalisations are equal. In Chapter 4, we prove that this result holds even when we no longer assume that the transition matrix cannot change from time step to time step. In each chapter, examples are presented demonstrating the convergence of such processes, and Chapter 4 includes a comparison between the two methods.
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Books on the topic "Imprecisione"

1

Gnocchi, Gene. Una lieve imprecisione. Milano: Garzanti Editore, 1991.

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Gnocchi, Gene. Una lieve imprecisione. Milano: Garzanti, 1991.

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Wygralak, Maciej. Intelligent Counting Under Information Imprecision. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34685-9.

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F, Murray Alan, ed. Analogue imprecision in MLP training. Singapore: World Scientific, 1996.

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Bordogna, Gloria, and Giuseppe Psaila, eds. Flexible Databases Supporting Imprecision and Uncertainty. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-33289-8.

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Smets, Philippe, ed. Quantified Representation of Uncertainty and Imprecision. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1735-9.

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Spatial analysis and planning under imprecision. Amsterdam: North Holland, 1988.

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Dubois, Didier, M. Asunción Lubiano, Henri Prade, María Ángeles Gil, Przemysław Grzegorzewski, and Olgierd Hryniewicz, eds. Soft Methods for Handling Variability and Imprecision. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85027-4.

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International Conference on Soft Methods in Probability and Statistics (4th 2008 Toulouse, France). Soft methods for handling variability and imprecision. Berlin: Springer Verlag, 2008.

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Angelov, Plamen, and Sotir Sotirov, eds. Imprecision and Uncertainty in Information Representation and Processing. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26302-1.

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Book chapters on the topic "Imprecisione"

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Pinkal, Manfred. "Vagueness and Imprecision." In Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy, 257–89. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8445-6_8.

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Smets, Philippe. "Imprecision and Uncertainty." In Data and Knowledge in a Changing World, 39–46. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80199-0_6.

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Goodchild, Michael F. "Imprecision and Spatial Uncertainty." In Encyclopedia of GIS, 480–83. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-35973-1_592.

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Goodchild, Michael F. "Imprecision and Spatial Uncertainty." In Encyclopedia of GIS, 1–5. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23519-6_592-2.

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Walley, Peter. "The importance of imprecision." In Statistical Reasoning with Imprecise Probabilities, 207–81. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3472-7_5.

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Goodchild, Michael F. "Imprecision and Spatial Uncertainty." In Encyclopedia of GIS, 917–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17885-1_592.

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El Sayed, Mazen, and Daniel Pacholczyk. "Symbolic Management of Imprecision." In Enterprise Information Systems V, 161–68. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2673-0_19.

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Augustin, Thomas. "Statistics with Imprecise Probabilities—A Short Survey." In Uncertainty in Engineering, 67–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83640-5_5.

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AbstractThis chapter aims at surveying and highlighting in an introductory way some challenges and big opportunities a paradigmatic shift to imprecise probabilities could induce in statistical modelling. Working with an informal understanding of imprecise probabilities, we discuss the concepts of model imprecision and data imprecision as the two main types of imprecision in statistical modelling. Then we provide a short survey of some major developments, methodological questions and applications of imprecise probabilistic models under model imprecision in the context of different inference schools and summarize some recent developments in the area of data imprecision.
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Ragep, F. Jamil. "Islamic Reactions to Ptolemy’s Imprecisions." In Archimedes, 121–34. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2788-7_5.

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Smets, Philippe. "Imperfect Information: Imprecision and Uncertainty." In Uncertainty Management in Information Systems, 225–54. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6245-0_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Imprecisione"

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Gutierrez, Ronaldo, Yong Zeng, Xuan Sun, Suo Tan, Xiaoguang Deng, and Fayi Zhou. "ROM Based Problem Formulation in Conceptual Design: Algorithm and Case Study." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-35500.

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Problem formulations in natural language imply imprecision, ambiguity, incompleteness, conflict and inconsistency between requirements in a design problem. Recursive Object Model (ROM) based problem formulation in conceptual design extracts complete product requirement from design problems structured initially in natural language. Since ROM carries certain semantic and syntactic information implied in natural language, it is used to formulate a design problem through a question asking approach. The scope of this paper is to present an updated algorithm, question templates, rules and detailed procedures to ask generic questions based on ROM representations. Generic questions are needed for the clarification and extension of the meaning of a design problem in order to overcome the imprecisions, ambiguities, conflicts and inconsistencies of problem descriptions in natural language. The updated algorithm, question templates, rules and detailed procedures for asking generic questions are used in a case study to formulate the development of a Total Quality Management system (TQMS).
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Clark, Leigh Michael Harry, Khaled Bachour, Abdulmalik Ofemile, Svenja Adolphs, and Tom Rodden. "Potential of imprecision." In HAI '14: The Second International Conference on Human-Agent Interaction. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2658861.2658895.

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de la Torre, Guillermo, Romain Robbes, and Alexandre Bergel. "Imprecisions diagnostic in source code deltas." In ICSE '18: 40th International Conference on Software Engineering. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3196398.3196404.

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Rountev, Atanas, Scott Kagan, and Michael Gibas. "Evaluating the imprecision of static analysis." In the ACM-SIGPLAN-SIGSOFT workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/996821.996829.

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Xiao, Yufei, Jianping Hua, and Edward Dougherty. "Feature selection increases cross-validation imprecision." In 2006 IEEE International Workshop on Genomic Signal Processing and Statistics. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/gensips.2006.353134.

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Law, William S., and Erik K. Antonsson. "Multi-Dimensional Mapping of Design Imprecision." In ASME 1996 Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-detc/dtm-1524.

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Abstract Preliminary design information is characteristically imprecise or fuzzy: specifications and requirements are subject to change, and the design description is vague and incomplete. The Method of Imprecision uses the mathematics of fuzzy sets to explicitly represent and manipulate imprecise preliminary design information, enabling the designer to better understand the full range of designs and performances that satisfy an imprecise set of specifications and requirements. This paper discusses the foundations of this methodology, and introduces pragmatic extensions that provide computationally tractable methods to map design imprecision from multiple design variables onto multiple performance variables. These methods attempt to minimize the number of function evaluations required while retaining an appropriate level of accuracy. This is achieved by using optimization to obtain extremal points for each performance variable and selectively applying a linear approximation for the mapping from the design variable space (DVS) to the performance variable space (PVS) to interpolate between extremal points. This linear approximation is constructed using regression techniques adapted from experiment design.
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Law, William S., and Erik K. Antonsson. "Optimization Methods for Calculating Design Imprecision." In ASME 1995 Design Engineering Technical Conferences collocated with the ASME 1995 15th International Computers in Engineering Conference and the ASME 1995 9th Annual Engineering Database Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1995-0062.

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Abstract The preliminary design process is characterized by imprecision: the vagueness of an incomplete design description. The Method of Imprecision uses the mathematics of fuzzy sets to explicitly represent and manipulate imprecise preliminary design information, enabling the designer to explore the space of alternative designs in the context of the designer and customer’s preferences among alternatives. This paper introduces new methods to perform Method of Imprecision calculations for general non-monotonic design evaluation functions that address the practical necessity to minimize the number of function evaluations. These methods utilize optimization and experiment design.
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Law, William S., and Erik K. Antonsson. "Including Imprecision in Engineering Design Calculations." In ASME 1994 Design Technical Conferences collocated with the ASME 1994 International Computers in Engineering Conference and Exhibition and the ASME 1994 8th Annual Database Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1994-0012.

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Abstract The Imprecise Design Tool (IDT) presented in this paper is a working computer implementation of the method of imprecision, a formal theory that represents preferences among design alternatives. An aircraft engine design example indicates how the IDT may be applied to support engineering design decisions, using the Engine Development Cost Estimator provided by General Electric Aircraft Engines, Cincinnati, Ohio.
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Burgin, M., N. Debnath, and J. Debnath. "Fuzzyness And Imprecision In Software Engineering." In 2006 World Automation Congress. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wac.2006.376021.

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Pauly, Alejandro, and Markus Schneider. "Spatial vagueness and imprecision in databases." In the 2008 ACM symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1363686.1363888.

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Reports on the topic "Imprecisione"

1

Khaw, Mel Win, Ziang Li, and Michael Woodford. Cognitive Imprecision and Small-Stakes Risk Aversion. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w24978.

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Woodford, Michael. Modeling Imprecision in Perception, Valuation and Choice. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w26258.

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Khaw, Mel Win, Ziang Li, and Michael Woodford. Cognitive Imprecision and Stake-Dependent Risk Attitudes. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w30417.

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McWilliams, James C. Development and Utilization of Regional Oceanic Modeling System (ROMS) & Delicacy, Imprecision, and Uncertainty of Oceanic Simulations: An Investigation with ROMS. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada542771.

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McWilliams, James C. Development and Utilization of Regional Oceanic Modeling System (ROMS). Delicacy, Imprecision, and Uncertainty of Oceanic Simulations: An Investigation with the Regional Oceanic Modeling System (ROMS). Mixing in the Ocean Surface Layer Using the Regional Oceanic Modeling System (ROMS). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada556948.

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Chou, Roger, Rongwei Fu, Tracy Dana, Miranda Pappas, Erica Hart, and Kimberly M. Mauer. Interventional Treatments for Acute and Chronic Pain: Systematic Review. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer247.

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Objective. To evaluate the benefits and harms of selected interventional procedures for acute and chronic pain that are not currently covered by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) but are relevant for and have potential utility for use in the Medicare population, or that are covered by CMS but for which there is important uncertainty or controversy regarding use. Data sources. Electronic databases (Ovid® MEDLINE®, PsycINFO®, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) to April 12, 2021, reference lists, and submissions in response to a Federal Register notice. Review methods. Using predefined criteria and dual review, we selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for 10 interventional procedures and conditions that evaluated pain, function, health status, quality of life, medication use, and harms. Random effects meta-analysis was conducted for vertebral compression fracture; otherwise, outcomes were synthesized qualitatively. Effects were classified as small, moderate, or large using previously defined criteria. Results. Thirty-seven randomized trials (in 48 publications) were included. Vertebroplasty (13 trials) is probably more effective at reducing pain and improving function in older (>65 years of age) patients, but benefits are small (less than 1 point on a 10-point pain scale). Benefits appear smaller (but still present) in sham-controlled (5 trials) compared with usual care controlled trials (8 trials) and larger in trials of patients with more acute symptoms; however, testing for subgroup effects was limited by imprecision. Vertebroplasty is probably not associated with increased risk of incident vertebral fracture (10 trials). Kyphoplasty (2 trials) is probably more effective than usual care for pain and function in older patients with vertebral compression fracture at up to 1 month (moderate to large benefits) and may be more effective at >1 month to ≥1 year (small to moderate benefits) but has not been compared against sham therapy. Evidence on kyphoplasty and risk of incident fracture was conflicting. In younger (below age for Medicare eligibility) populations, cooled radiofrequency denervation for sacroiliac pain (2 trials) is probably more effective for pain and function versus sham at 1 and 3 months (moderate to large benefits). Cooled radiofrequency for presumed facet joint pain may be similarly effective versus conventional radiofrequency, and piriformis injection with corticosteroid for piriformis syndrome may be more effective than sham injection for pain. For the other interventional procedures and conditions addressed, evidence was too limited to determine benefits and harms. Conclusions. Vertebroplasty is probably effective at reducing pain and improving function in older patients with vertebral compression fractures; benefits are small but similar to other therapies recommended for pain. Evidence was too limited to separate effects of control type and symptom acuity on effectiveness of vertebroplasty. Kyphoplasty has not been compared against sham but is probably more effective than usual care for vertebral compression fractures in older patients. In younger populations, cooled radiofrequency denervation is probably more effective than sham for sacroiliac pain. Research is needed to determine the benefits and harms of the other interventional procedures and conditions addressed in this review.
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