Journal articles on the topic 'Imported housing'
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1
Bahmani-Oskooee, Mohsen, and Seyed Ghodsi. "International Real Estate Review." International Real Estate Review 22, no. 2 (June 30, 2019): 231–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.53383/100281.
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Currency depreciation is said to affect domestic output in either direction, depending on the relative strength of its impact on next exports and the cost of imported inputs. Since increased net exports and eventual economic growth affect the demand for housing and increased cost of imported materials that are used in housing construction affects the supply of housing, we assume that currency depreciation could have an impact on housing output. We test our assumption by using time-series data from each of the states in the U.S. and show that when a linear model is estimated, dollar depreciation has short-run effects in 41 states and long-run effects in only three states. However, when dollar depreciation is separated from appreciation and a nonlinear model is estimated, we find short-run asymmetric effects in all of the states and long-run asymmetric effects in 32 states. Additional analysis reveals that while dollar depreciation increases housing output in 10 states, dollar appreciation hurts the output in 11 states, thus supporting the expansionary depreciation of the dollar in the U.S. housing market.
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Niksic, Dragan, Vlada Pantelic, Dusica Ostojic-Andric, Predrag Perisic, Ljiljana Samolovac, Milos Marinkovic, and Maja Petricevic. "Production performances of cows of different origin and housing method." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 36, no. 4 (2020): 417–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah2004417n.
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In order to examine the variability of production performance traits (lactation duration, milk yield for the whole lactation, milk yield in standard lactation, milk fat content, milk fat yield in standard lactation, protein content and yield in standard lactation), 954 cows, domestic and imported Simmental populations, were included in the study, with a total of 3641 completed lactations. Cows were located in the area of Toplica district, reared on individual farming households (tied system) and on the farm with intensive farming (free system). Based on the rearing method and origin, animals were divided into four groups: Group 1 (domestic animals reared by individual agricultural producers on individual farming households); Group 2 (imported animals reared by individual agricultural producers on individual farming households); Group 3 (domestic animals reared on the farm) and Group 4 (imported animals reared on the farm). The fourth group of studied cows showed the highest yield and protein content, while the cows of the third group had the longest lactation and the highest milk fat content. All production performance traits varied highly significantly (p?0.001) under the influence of the combined factor of housing/rearing method and origin.
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Niksic, Dragan, Vlada Pantelic, Dusica Ostojic-Andric, Predrag Perisic, Ljiljana Samolovac, Milos Marinkovic, and Maja Petricevic. "Production performances of cows of different origin and housing method." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 36, no. 4 (2020): 417–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah2004417n.
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In order to examine the variability of production performance traits (lactation duration, milk yield for the whole lactation, milk yield in standard lactation, milk fat content, milk fat yield in standard lactation, protein content and yield in standard lactation), 954 cows, domestic and imported Simmental populations, were included in the study, with a total of 3641 completed lactations. Cows were located in the area of Toplica district, reared on individual farming households (tied system) and on the farm with intensive farming (free system). Based on the rearing method and origin, animals were divided into four groups: Group 1 (domestic animals reared by individual agricultural producers on individual farming households); Group 2 (imported animals reared by individual agricultural producers on individual farming households); Group 3 (domestic animals reared on the farm) and Group 4 (imported animals reared on the farm). The fourth group of studied cows showed the highest yield and protein content, while the cows of the third group had the longest lactation and the highest milk fat content. All production performance traits varied highly significantly (p?0.001) under the influence of the combined factor of housing/rearing method and origin.
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Gaynutdinova, Elza Ravilevna, Natalia Yurevna Safina, Shamil Kasimovich Shakirov, and Ziliya Fidalievna Fattakhova. "Association of leptin (LEP) gene polymorphism with reproduction traits of domestic and imported Holstein cattle in different milking technologies and housing conditions." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 12 (December 13, 2022): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2022i12pp58-61.
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The article presents results of traits of reproductive ability of Holstein cows of domestic (379 animals) and imported (228 animals) breeding with different genotypes of the leptin gene (LEP) with different milking technologies and housing conditions. Frequency of occurrence of genotypes of LEP gene in imported herd range: CC – 32.5; TC – 49.1 и TT – 18.4 %. In herd of domestic animals frequency of CC, TC and TT genotypes of LEP gene was – 23.5; 54.3 and 22.2 %. In our research it has been shown that animals with the TT genotype of the LEP gene are distinguished by the best traits of live weight at the first fruitful insemination, reproductive capacity coefficient, Dohi index, yield of calves per 100 cows, duration of the calving interval and open days, compared with animals with CC and TC genotypes. Among the cows of domestic breeding, superiority was established for animals with the TC genotype in traits of live weight, service period and Dohi index. For others traits of reproductive ability stand out favorably animals with the CC genotype of the LEP gene. In the context of two farms in the course of the experiment, it is noted that Holstein cows of imported selection with yard housing technology have the best indicators of reproductive qualities, compared with the population of domestic selection of stall barn housing technology. It follows from this that genetic and paratypic factors, along with such herd management principles as milking technology and housing conditions, equally affect the reproductive qualities of Holstein cattle. This research was supported by FASO Russia project number 122011800138-7.
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Zhang, Pei Ming, Le Qun Ma, and Wei Chun Zhang. "The Finite Element Analysis of Axle Housing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 707 (December 2014): 309–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.707.309.
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Firstly, a model is established in Pro/E and imported into ANSYS. Static analysis is done through imposed corresponding boundary condition and loads in the condition of fully load. And then, testing its strength can meet the requirements. At the same time, the modal analysis of the third to the tenth steps is carried out and gets the nature frequency under the driving axle housing’s Free State. The vibration performance is analyzed at last.
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Zhang, Yi Jie, Ling Qiong Kong, and Jie Shi. "Structural Analysis and Optimization of Electric Scraper Drive Axle Housing under Multi-Load." Applied Mechanics and Materials 496-500 (January 2014): 1152–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.496-500.1152.
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As for the retrofit design problem of the drive axle housing of an imported electric scraper, UG software is used to establish the finite-element model of the drive axle housing, and the model credibility is verified through the static strength bench test. This paper uses NX Nastran advanced simulation module for structural analysis of the axle housing, which, firstly, establishes in turn the models of each subcase under the action of each single load, then combines the cases into four typical kinds of dangerous cases under the multiple loads' action. The results show: the axle housing has enough stiffness and good dynamic performance, but the strength is not enough on emergency brake and the rough-road abrupt break. Based on the AltairHyperOpt method, the axle housing is optimized, and the results show: the stress amplitude is reduced by 12.65% in the most dangerous case of the rough-road abrupt break, which satisfies the strength requirement; the total weight of the axle housing is reduced by 13.14%, which realizes lightweight.
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Jovičin, Milovan, Aleksandar Milovanović, Blagoje Stančić, Radoslav Došen, and Tomislav Barna. "INFLUENCE OF ACCLIMATIZATION AND AGE OF IMPORTED BOARS ON THE QUALITY OF THEIR SPERM." Archives of Veterinary Medicine 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2008): 71–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.46784/e-avm.v1i1.226.
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In the paper the process of acclimatization and adaptation of boars on climate and microclimate conditions are described. The process of growth and sexual maturity during the breeding and accustoming of boars in taking sperms in the centers of artificial insemination or breeding stations are analyzed. It is concluded that appropriate microclimate conditions may solve sterility provoked by climate conditions and even increase fertility of pigs. For purchased and imported young boars it is very important that animals are raised in a proper way and trained for mounting and semen collecting. Ejaculate in the native sperm of imported boars is better quality comparing to the ejaculate of home breeds, but they are sensitive to unspecific infections that can reduce spermatozoa vitality, damage acrosome, disturb spermatozoa maturation and thus influence fertilizing of diluted semen. Housing and nutrition of high-born breed boars has important role in maximal exploitation of producing ability especially on longevity and lifetime production of the imported boars.
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Bai, Ning Shan, An Yuan Jiao, and Shi Ming Liu. "Finite Element Analysis of Drive Axle Housing with ANSYS Workbench." Applied Mechanics and Materials 215-216 (November 2012): 717–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.215-216.717.
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UG software was used to build the entity model for light truck driving axle housing, imported the model to ANSYS Workbench collaborative simulation software, and analyzed the stress after meshing and loading. It can be seen that the maximum equivalent stress of the drive axle housing under various conditions was less than the allowable stress value, and the evaluation index of vertical bending static strength experiment is Kn> 6, meeting the strength requirement; In the condition of full loads, the maximum deformation of the per-meter center distance is: 0.1 mm/m < 1.5 mm/m, also meeting the rigidity requirement; The experimental study is used to verify the analysis results referring the relative articles, shows that analysis results are reliable. This process provides reference for other driving axle housing and similar structure finite element analysis.
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Niksic, Dragan, Vlada Pantelic, Dusica Ostojic-Andric, Predrag Perisic, Marina Lazarevic, Ivan Cosic, and Maja Petricevic. "Variability of fundament traits in primiparous simmental heifers." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 34, no. 3 (2018): 313–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1803313n.
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Visual evaluation and recognition of dairy traits of cows are preliminary indicators of milk yield, longevity, and reproductive ability of the individual animal, which is very important from the aspect of the economics of milk production. The deficiencies in the fundament traits lead to poor production, poor health and premature culling of cows from the herd. The paper examines the frequency of preferred scores of a certain trait in the first calving heifers according to the housing method (animals reared by individual agricultural producers and farm animals) and their origin (domestic and imported animals), as well as the impact of these two factors on the observed properties. Four fundament traits were analysed: the position of the hind legs, the development of the hocks/joints, the pastern joints and the height of the feet on a total of 954 first-calving Simmental heifers. Observed by the housing method, the higher frequency of the preferred scores for all of the fundament traits, was achieved by the farm cows, while according to the origin of the cows, the higher frequency of the preferred scores for all of the fundament traits was realized by imported animals in relation to domestic cows. The influence of the factors of the housing method and origin of animals examined by ?2 test on all the tested linear scores (frequency of scores) of the fundament traits was statistically very significant (p?0.001), while the analysis of the variance (F test) determined high significance (p?0.001) of the interaction between the origin and housing method on the height of the feet, as well as significant effect (p?0.05) on the position of the hind legs, while on other linear scores of the fundament traits it did not exhibit statistical significance (p>0.05).
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Ebrahimi, Mohammadullah Hakim, Philippe Devillers, and Eric Garcia-Diaz. "Sustainable construction for affordable housing program in Kabul." Journal of Contemporary Urban Affairs 6, no. 1 (August 17, 2021): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.25034/ijcua.2022.v6n1-3.
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Afghanistan suffers from four decades of war, caused a massive migration of the rural population to the cities. Kabul was originally designed for 1,5 million people, where now 5 million people live. The importation of modern western styles housing for rapid reconstruction reveals apparent cultural conflict and significant environmental footprint. The new constructive cultures for sustainable reconstruction should necessary consider the use of local materials combined with modern technologies. Earthen architecture underlies the embodiment of Afghanistan architecture. The aim of this research is to revisit traditional afghan earthen construction with the tools of industrial modernity. Three soils of the Kabul region were first characterized. Then, sun-dried mud brick and compressive earth block, with and without stabilization have been prepared and tested in the laboratory to develop the most suitable earth construction element which is cost effective and easily available compared to the imported modern products.
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Turlyun, V. "Analysis of compliance of box sizes to comfortable housing of highly productive cows." Glavnyj zootehnik (Head of Animal Breeding), no. 3 (March 1, 2020): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-03-2003-06.
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The analysis of some herds of imported cattle under the conditions of Russian farms had been shown that the genetic potential of imported cattle in many farms has being realized only by 57 %, with the output of up to 50 % of the cattle during the first 2 years. The reason for this is the discrepancy between the conditions of the biological needs of animals. In this regard, the study of factors that affect the provision of comfortable conditions for animals plays an important role. This is especially true for Holstein animals, which are more susceptible to various diseases. In accordance with the technological solutions used in modern large complexes, the loose housing method of maintenance is mainly used. This method allows the animal to move freely, providing access to the consumption of water and feed, as well as timely rest. This determines the importance of the requirements for the size of the boxes for the rest of animals, which should ensure dryness and cleanliness in the process of resting cows, prevent damage to animals, as well as the ability of other animals to displace each other. The crossbars should not interfere with the free movement of the cow in the process of lowering to the floor and getting up due to their flexibility. The dimensions of the boxes should be made taking into account the measurements of the animals’ torso, as well as the amplitude of movement in the process of lowering and rising. The purpose of the research was to study the size of boxes and their compliance with the biological needs of highly productive imported cattle. An analysis of the compliance of conditions for housing highly productive cattle of Canadian and Australian origin with their biological needs under the conditions of a mega farm has been presented in the paper. Calculation on the basis of measurements of animals has been shown that animals of the Canadian selection require boxes with a total length of at least 279 cm, Australian – 271 cm. The difference with the required width of the box has been also established. For the group of cows of Canadian selection it should be at least 120 cm, for the Australian – 114 cm. Research results have been shown that the discrepancy in the design of boxes for comfortable rest of animals is a deterrent to the realization of their genetic productive potential.
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Galbraith, H., J. Bell, J. R. Scaife, T. Acamovic, D. C. Macdonald, and L. C. Roger. "Milk Production, vitamin and immunological status of cashmere does and kids differing in prepartum housing date and buck genotype." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1992 (March 1992): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030822960002208x.
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There is considerable interest in the production of Cashmere fibre by goats in the UK. Cashmere is a fine fibre produced by goats of many genotypes and crossbreeding programmes involving animals imported from overseas countries and indigenous goats have recently been established.Further information is required on the production and physiological characteristics of goats produced in these programmes. The objective of the present study was to determine milk production, vitamin and immunological status of goats as affected by prepartum housing date and buck genotype.
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Bullock, Avery, Joseph Gallo, Carl Latkin, Cynthia Boyd, and Thomas Cudjoe. "SOCIAL CONNECTIONS AND HEALTH AMONG OLDER ADULTS LIVING IN SUBSIDIZED HOUSING: LOCAL STAKEHOLDERS PERSPECTIVES." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 721. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.2630.
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Abstract Social isolation among older adults living in the United States is a major public health problem that disproportionately affects those living below the poverty line. Though decades of epidemiological studies have provided important insights on the impact of social isolation on health, there have been limited qualitative studies on the dynamics of social connections among older adults in subsidized housing. This study aims to advance our understanding of the perspectives of local stakeholders in the field of subsidized housing on the social connections of older adults and how to enhance social connection. Semi-structured interviews were conducted between July 2021 and October 2021 with local stakeholders in Baltimore’s subsidized housing community to better understand social connections among older adults. Stakeholders included, but were not limited to, the following positions: service coordinators, property managers, maintenance staff, and security guards. Interviews were imported and analyzed using NVIVO12 software and a qualitative content analytic approach. Preliminary themes identified included: barriers and facilitators of connection, engagement with family, and ideas about interventions. Mental and physical health challenges, access to and use of communications technology, and lack of transportation were barriers while food incentives, gift card giveaways, and resident champions were facilitators of social connection. Social isolation among older adults is an important concern among stakeholders in subsidized housing. To promote social connection in older adults, interventions must adopt a multi-pronged approach that addresses the barriers and leverage existing facilitators within subsidized housing communities.
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Zakharova, L. N. "Characteristics of lactation of cows of Red steppe and Simmental breeds under the economic conditions of Yakutia." Glavnyj zootehnik (Head of Animal Breeding), no. 3 (February 20, 2022): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-03-2203-01.
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In order to increase the gross milk production and increase the number of breeding cattle in the farms in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), dairy cattle of Red steppe breed have been imported. Getting into the new climatic and economic conditions of housing and feeding, the body of imported cattle undergoes deep physiological and biochemical changes, goes through the process of adaptation. The purpose of the work was to study the nature of lactation of cows of Red steppe and local Simmental breeds under the economic conditions in Central Yakutia. The intensity and uniformity of lactation during the year has an important role in determining the value of dairy productivity of cows. The ability of cows to give evenly or sharply decreasing milk yields during lactation tends to be inherited, so it should be taken into account in breeding work. The lactation curve provides additional information about the potential of dairy productivity of cows and the impact of feeding, housing and operation conditions on the lactation process. It has been found that the winter ration of lactating cows contained 9,4 EFU and 1139 g of digestible protein, which amounted to 89,9 and 107,0 % of the feeding norm. In the structure of the ration, the proportion of bulky feed occupied 36 %, succulent feed 24 % and concentrated feed 40 %. The sugar-protein ratio was 0,43, which indicated a deficiency in the carbohydrate ration. It was found that under the same conditions of feeding and housing, the cows under study showed a two-vertex level of the lactation curve. In cows of both breeds the peak of the lactation curve occurred during the summer lactation period with the release of animals for summer pasture maintenance. Then, in cows of both breeds the lactation curve began to gradually decrease. Valuable are those animals whose leveled type of lactation and milk yield are housed at a fairly constant level. The indicator of lactation usefulness in cows of Red steppe breed was equal to 68,24 %, in Simmental breed 64,24 %.
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Daly, Patrick, Patrick Daly, and Caroline Brassard. "Aid Accountability and Participatory Approaches in Post-Disaster Housing Reconstruction." Asian Journal of Social Science 39, no. 4 (2011): 508–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853111x597305.
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Abstract In the last decade, housing has become one of the most prominent and best funded sectors in large-scale post-disaster reconstruction efforts. This has especially been the case in Asian developing countries where both official and private aid helped finance a significant amount of the housing reconstruction. Despite the emphasis upon community involvement, inclusive and participatory processes for housing reconstruction by international non-governmental organizations, recent experiences show that such ideas often do not readily translate in practice on the ground. This paper analyses the necessary conditions for successful involvement by local beneficiaries in rebuilding their homes following natural disasters. The analysis is situated within the context of community recovery, and the trade-off between centralized donor planning, and community driven initiatives, using primary and secondary data collected from post-tsunami Aceh, Indonesia. The paper also discusses how various stakeholders (including recipient government and donors) evaluate and make use of the practical capacities of affected persons and communities to be involved in planning, building and monitoring processes in the housing sector. Our research focused on the level and types of roles played by the aid beneficiaries in the housing reconstruction process in Aceh. In spite of considerable rhetoric about participation and inclusive reconstruction accompanying the post-tsunami reconstruction by various donors, a number of systemic barriers created considerable distance between beneficiaries and NGOs in Aceh in the housing sector. The drive for efficiency and need to produce tangible results quickly, mixed with the sheer number of stakeholders and resources involved, created a largely top-down environment in which decisions were centralized, and arbitrary standards imposed. This was exacerbated by an extensive chain of sub-contractors, a large supply of lower-cost imported labor, and highlighted the importance of local political affiliations, leading to weak accountability and reduced aid effectiveness.
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Geissler, Susanne, Doris Österreicher, and Ene Macharm. "Transition towards Energy Efficiency: Developing the Nigerian Building Energy Efficiency Code." Sustainability 10, no. 8 (July 26, 2018): 2620. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10082620.
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In Nigeria, there is an estimated deficit of 17 million housing units. Power supply is insufficient, and the electricity supply for about 60 million Nigerians relies on private generators, causing noise, pollution, and high expenditures for mainly imported fuel. Altogether, current challenges clearly demonstrate the need for effective energy efficiency policies targeting also the building sector. The Nigerian Energy Support Program began in 2013, among others, with the objective being to support the Nigerian Government in developing the Nigerian Building Energy Efficiency Code. This paper presents two preparatory activities carried out in order to come up with suggestions for a legal framework well suited for the situation on the ground: the Case Study Building Analysis carried out in collaboration with a Nigerian developer and the Nigerian Building Energy Efficiency Guideline, elaborated together with stakeholders. The results of preparatory activities pointed out that the code must put emphasis on climate adaptive design and must define requirements and procedures in a clear and simple way to allow for effective enforcement. Only then can energy-efficient mass housing be feasible in Nigeria. The paper concludes with a description of the Nigerian Building Energy Efficiency Code (BEEC), officially approved and launched by the Federal Minister of Power, Works and Housing on 29 August 2017.
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Kudrevatykh, I. A. "Characteristics of rabbits of domestic breeds and ways to increase their productivity in the region of the Middle Urals." Glavnyj zootehnik (Head of Animal Breeding), no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 47–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-03-2301-05.
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Russia today occupies one of the last places in the world in the production of rabbit meat (about 10–15 thousand tons per year). In order to increase the production of rabbit meat in Russia imported meat breeds and crosses are being bred, existing domestic breeds are being improved. The housing of imported breeds and crosses requires the construction of expensive rabbit houses with climate control. The most popular domestic breeds in different regions of Russia are White giant – 12,87 % and Soviet chinchilla – 9,35 %, which are acclimatized to the harsh climatic conditions of our country and do not require large costs for housing. The purpose of the research was to characterize rabbits of domestic breeds and analyze ways to increase their productivity in the region of the Middle Urals. It has been proved on the base of comprehensive studies that rabbits of Soviet chinchilla and White giant breeds have changed the parameters of the conformation, live weight, and the intensity of growth of young animals in the direction of meat productivity. The influence of the quantitative and qualitative composition of the intestinal microfl ora of young rabbits on the dynamics of live weight has been proved. The positive effect of the use of line breeding on the growth rate of young animals under the conditions of the Middle Urals has been established. The analysis of economic data showed that the profit from the sale of meat of rabbits of Soviet chinchilla breed grown up to 3 months of age and was 4,09 % higher compared to herdmates of White giant breed. At the same time, when slaughtered at the age of 110 days, the indicators were higher in White giant rabbits, which should be taken into account when conducting breeding work with these breeds.
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Vegas, F., C. Mileto, L. García, and V. Cristini. "“HOUSE NEPAL” PROJECT: INITIAL RESULTS AND PERSPECTIVES FOR AN ANTI-SEISMIC COOPERATION PROJECT." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-M-1-2020 (July 24, 2020): 719–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-m-1-2020-719-2020.
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Abstract. The “HouSe-Nepal” project is being developed within the framework of the ADSIDEO programme (Project for the Centre for Development Cooperation of Universitat Politècnica de València 2018–2020) in collaboration with the Nepalese foundation Abari: Bamboo and Earth Initiative. This action aims to provide the technological and scientific support needed for the construction of anti-seismic housing taking into consideration environmental, socio-cultural, and socio-economic sustainability as key factors for the project. Students from Kathmandu University are taking part in a series of experimental constructive actions in the town of Dhulikhel, aiming to provide a response to the major constructive problems and limitations of local housing (as starkly highlighted by the 2015 Ghorka earthquake). This paper aims to present the initial results of the project and some possible perspectives and actions to be specified in its final year. Basically, the design efforts are being aimed at the promotion of an architecture taking inspiration from local Nepalese architecture, as a sign of identity which is safer in the event of ground movement, and more sustainable in terms of production and execution than conventional constructions whose format and technology have been imported from Europe.
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Pytlewski, Jarosław, and Ireneusz R. Antkowiak. "The effect of sire's origin on milking performance traits of cows kept in stanchion barns." Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Zootechnica 20, no. 2 (January 18, 2022): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21005/asp.2021.20.2.02.
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he aim of this study, conducted under identical environmental conditions and the stanchion barn housing system, was to compare milking performance traits and somatic cell count in milk of daughters sired by Holstein-Friesian Black-and-White bulls from various origin groups. Cows were divided into three groups depending on the region of sire's origin, i.e. Polish bulls, bulls from other European countries (the Czech Republic, France and Germany) and bulls from the USA. Analyses were conducted applying the following experimental conditions: the age group of cows (primiparous vs. multiparous), stage of lactation (≤ 40 days, from 41 to 100 days, from 101 to 200 days and > 200 days) and season of the year (spring, summer, autumn and winter). Results of this study indicate that at the stanchion barn housing system of dairy cows in order to increase milk yields the use of semen from bulls of imported Holstein-Friesian Black-and-White bulls seems to be beneficial. However, daughters of US bulls may be prone to elevated somatic cell counts in milk. In turn, cows sired by Polish bulls can be characterised by favourable milk solids contents.
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ZABASHTA, Sergey Nikolaevich. "THE IMPACT OF INTENSIVE RAISING OF AUSTRALIAN HOLSTEIN HEIFERS ON THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF COW MILK." Periódico Tchê Química 18, no. 38 (July 28, 2021): 100–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v18.n38.2021.8_zabashta_pgs_100_122.pdf.
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Background: The study of growth, development and productivity features of imported cattle from Australia to the Krasnodar Territory is of great scientific and practical interest, which is topical. Since the productive features of the imported genotypes have not been studied sufficiently, not only in the farms of the Krasnodar Territory but also in other regions of Russia, they require further, more in-depth study and improvement under the new conditions of feeding and housing. Aim: The research aimed to study the influence of intensive rearing of replacement heifers of the Holstein breed of Australian selection on cow milk quality indicators. Methods: The studies were conducted at Artex-Agro LLC, Kushchevsky District of the Krasnodar Territory, concerning the descendants of the imported Australian Holstein cattle. Sixty-four heifers were selected for the study. The experimental replacement heifers were raised using the enhanced milk feeding rates and the Cellobacterin probiotic product. They were raised intensively and inseminated when they were 14 months old. The milk productivity of cows and the physicochemical properties of milk were studied during three lactations after calving. Results and Discussion: The milk productivity of the cows from the experimental groups has exceeded one of their herd mates from the control group by 450 – 1,360 kg. The best indicators of the physicochemical properties of milk have been determined in the milk of the cows raised from the heifers fed with 450 kg of the whole milk during the first 50 days until they were six months old. Conclusions: The authors believe that intensive rearing of replacement heifers positively affected the degree of development of their gastrointestinal tract and improved the level of milk yield and its physicochemical parameters.
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Kılınç, Kıvanç. "Imported but not delivered: the construction of modern domesticity and the spatial politics of mass housing in 1930s' Ankara." Journal of Architecture 17, no. 6 (December 2012): 819–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13602365.2012.746015.
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Sedighi, Mohamad, and Dick van Gameren. "UNVEILING IRANIAN COURTYARD HOUSE: THE EXAMPLE OF KUY-E CHAHARSAD-DASTGAH (1946–1950)." JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 43, no. 1 (July 4, 2019): 91–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jau.2019.6046.
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This article discusses the transformation of the traditional Iranian courtyard house type and neighbourhood structure in the early 20th century Iran, and focuses on the design of public housing in the country’s early years of modernisation, after the second World War. It explores how (urban) legislations by Iranian reformists and modernists, and the compulsory unveiling law implemented between 1936 and 1943 contributed to change the image of urban areas and the everyday life of Iranians, particularly in Tehran. While this article provides a short overview of these transformations, it discusses how Iranian architects, educated in Europe, attempted to reconceptualise the ideal form of living, the courtyard-garden house (Khaneh-Bagh), for large-scale housing production, in the country. This article shows how the transformation of this house type became an instrument of accommodating both change and resistance in terms of local customs and habits, in Kuy-e Chaharsad-Dastgah, built between 1946 and 1950 in Tehran. To illustrate these, the design and development of this experimental housing project is analysed in details. It is also demonstrated how this project was developed based on a “planning document” revised by a group of modernist Iranian architects, who intended to improve the hygiene condition of living environments and to accommodate a large number of low-income civil servants in post-World War II, Tehran. It is argued that dual characteristics of the Iranian courtyard house allowed for both incorporating imported models, and simultaneously resisting universalising tendencies towards homogenisation, in the case of Chaharsad-Dastgah.
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Gurevitz, Juan Manuel, Julián Gustavo Antman, Karina Laneri, and Juan Manuel Morales. "Temperature, traveling, slums, and housing drive dengue transmission in a non-endemic metropolis." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 6 (June 11, 2021): e0009465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009465.
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Dengue is steadily increasing worldwide and expanding into higher latitudes. Current non-endemic areas are prone to become endemic soon. To improve understanding of dengue transmission in these settings, we assessed the spatiotemporal dynamics of the hitherto largest outbreak in the non-endemic metropolis of Buenos Aires, Argentina, based on detailed information on the 5,104 georeferenced cases registered during summer-autumn of 2016. The highly seasonal dengue transmission in Buenos Aires was modulated by temperature and triggered by imported cases coming from regions with ongoing outbreaks. However, local transmission was made possible and consolidated heterogeneously in the city due to housing and socioeconomic characteristics of the population, with 32.8% of autochthonous cases occurring in slums, which held only 6.4% of the city population. A hierarchical spatiotemporal model accounting for imperfect detection of cases showed that, outside slums, less-affluent neighborhoods of houses (vs. apartments) favored transmission. Global and local spatiotemporal point-pattern analyses demonstrated that most transmission occurred at or close to home. Additionally, based on these results, a point-pattern analysis was assessed for early identification of transmission foci during the outbreak while accounting for population spatial distribution. Altogether, our results reveal how social, physical, and biological processes shape dengue transmission in Buenos Aires and, likely, other non-endemic cities, and suggest multiple opportunities for control interventions.
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Agyei Danquah, Joseph, Daniel Duah, and Alexander Boakye Marful. "SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES IN REAL ESTATE HOUSING IN GHANA: PERCEPTION OF OCCUPANTS." Journal on Innovation and Sustainability. RISUS ISSN 2179-3565 8, no. 4 (December 24, 2017): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.24212/2179-3565.2017v8i4p98-113.
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Sustainability has been and continues to be the one recurring topical issue the world over. Governments all over are turning serious attention towards the provision of sustainable urban housing for their urban populace. This they have realised holds the key to leading developmental growth for their economies. Building professionals are now confronted everywhere on green building and construction Ghana as a lower middle income country is grappled with a huge housing demand giving rise to a thriving real estate sector in the capital city. The houses they produce come with exhorbitant cost due to the fact that most of these building features are imported in addition to poor planning and design construction. The paper evaluates the occupiers of this estates house their perception on sustainable housing solutions and their satisfaction levels in the dwellings. Again it sought to investigate the building performance in meeting the occupant’s desired comfort. The study adopted the case study as the most appropriate with quantitative methods and random sampling techniques in sample size and questionaire administration. Data collected were analysed by the spps analytical tools and results presented in tables bar and pie charts. Likert scale ranking from 1-5 were used to rank satisfaction with Habitability Index (HI)formula used determine the actual satisfaction levels. Results indicated that majority of occupiers were aware of sustainability issues. Whilst they acknowledge the opportunities offered they were reluctant in making extra expenditure to get these sustainable solutions. Satisfaction levels were high for site planning, and neighbourhood landscape obtaining Habitability Index above 80%. Provision of natural ventilation, natural lighting, use of local materials energy efficient design and rain water harvesting received satisfaction levels of HI below 50%. The study thus recommends amongst others aspects that further education should be carried out by the key stakeholders on housing delivery; government should foster practising sustainable housing by public private partnerships and offering various incentive packages to participants; and government should establish a regulatory body to oversee the operations of real estate developers. This study would provide vital information on the perceived indicators of Real Estate occupants in Ghana.
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McCallum, Malcolm L., Mary Mitchell, and Yonathan Tilahun. "PSXIV-6 Feeding Frogs: A Path for Commercial Production without the Need of Live Food." Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_3 (September 21, 2022): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac247.646.
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Abstract The United States has had a trade deficit in frog products for almost a century. Most of U.S. supply is imported. In 1971 the U.S. imported 1 million kg of frozen frog legs worth $3.8 million. It imported >2.1 M kg annually in the 1980s. 1990s imports ranged from 500,000 – 1,500,000 kg/yr at $67/kg (Lutz and Avery 1999) (= $8.67 – 10.11 2016$US). This excludes the millions of dollars in animals delivered via laboratory supply houses and the pet trade. The challenge has been how to feed these animals without the need for live foods. No real progress has been made in this arena since the 1960s. We constructed two experiments using freeze-dried insects and pelleted diets. One used individually-housed juvenile American Bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) and the other, group-housed Northern Leopard Frogs (Rana pipiens). We did not attempt group housing with bullfrogs due to their availability at that time. Frogs were conditioned to feeding on live foods in captivity and then we attempted to transition them to alternate foods. Although individually-housed bullfrogs adapted to eating live foods within one week in captivity, we were unable to transition them to non-living foods during this investigation. However, we were able to transition 100% of Northern Leopard frogs tested to rehydrated freeze-dried crickets within a few days. Northern Leopard Frogs maintained body condition (body mass/snout-vent length) feeding entirely on rehydrated freeze-dried crickets throughout the study period (25 days) (r2 = 0.003, s = 0.105, P = 0.743). Transition to pelleted diets was unsuccessful. Frogs only occasionally accepted dry pellets and more regularly took them after soaking in water that was previously used to rehydrate dried crickets. This suggests our pellets lacked taste or odor traits attractive to Northern Leopard Frogs. Ultimately, the use of rehydrated, freeze-dried prey may prove an economically viable alternative to live foods.
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Chiang, Yih Cherng. "Modeling, Analysis, and Simulation of Soldering Process for FPC Connector." Advanced Materials Research 154-155 (October 2010): 643–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.154-155.643.
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The present analysis combines the injection molding software Moldflow and the structural analysis software ABAQUS to study the thermal warping behavior induced by soldering process for FPC connecter. Due to the residual stress, the anisotropic material property and complexity of part geometry existed in the injected plastic housing of connector, thermal warping is induced by the circle thermal process as the FPC connector are soldered on mother board. In the present paper, the warping caused by injection molding process is modeled and simulated by Moldflow. Then, the residual stress, the anisotropic material property caused by different fiber orientation calculated by Moldflow are imported into ABAQUS as initial conditions through the Moldflow-ABAQUS interface module to evaluate the thermal warping caused by soldering process for FPC connecter. The crucial soldering process parameters have been identified and the Moldflow-ABAQUS simulation results are compared with the experimental results.
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Mudashir, Gafar. "ASSESSMENT OF ACOUSTIC PROPERTY OF SAWDUST AND FINE SHARP SAND FOR THE FABRICATION OF SOUND-PROOF SECURITY DOOR." FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 6, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2022-0601-832.
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The current economic recession and rising cost of building materials in Nigeria has created a severe decline in housing affordability for Nigerians. On this account, this research aimed to assess the acoustic property of Saw-dust and Fine Sharp Sand (SFSS) and its application for the fabrication of purpose made Sound-proof Security Doors (SPS-Door). The ingenuity of the research is to offer an alternative fabricated door to the high priced foreign made sound-proof security doors that are not affordable to most Nigerian for housing delivery. The wooden sawdust mixed with fine sharp as a core in-fill material for the door are readily available as natural material and environment waste. Model Sample Panels (MSP) infills produced and tested at the Acoustic Laboratory for noise absorption capacity as established by ASTM E 1050-98 international standards. The research findings revealed that the MSP infills for the SS-Door scored 0.78 to 0.92 for the frequency ranges 50Hz to 5000Hz while foreign Turkey doors infill’s Noise Absorption Coefficient is 0.95 for the same ranges of frequencies. Comparatively, MSP infill is a sustainable and alternative material for the locally fabricated sound-proof security door to the expensive imported brands. In addition, properties of SFSS at the ratio of 5:1 presented high porosity characteristic which had a significant effect on the sound absorption properties of SS-Door. Therefore, architects could specify this innovative infill product for doors panel, walls cavity and floor inside layer for the spaces that require sound insulation and security in the building construction.
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Zakharova, L. N. "Lactation Characteristics of Red Steppe and Simmenthal Cows in Yakutia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 988, no. 4 (February 1, 2022): 042001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/988/4/042001.
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Abstract This article considers the comparison of the lactation characteristics of local and imported cow breeds. The winter rations of milk cows contain 9.4 EFU of fodder and 1139 g of digestible proteins, which is 89.9 and 107% of the feeding reference values. The rations comprise 36% of bulk feed, 24% of succulent feed, and 40% of concentrated feed. The proportion of sugar and proteins is 0.43, which means that the content of carbohydrates in the diet is insufficient. The authors established that the research cows had different lactation curve levels even if they had the same housing conditions and diets. For both groups, lactation curves were at the highest during the summer with 5-6 months of lactation and when animals were in the open grazing. The lactation curve of the dairy breed beings to drop rapidly since the 6th month of lactation, and the lactation curve of the local Simmenthal cows reduces more smoothly. The lactation persistency coefficient for the Red Steppe breed equaled 66.5%. Local Simmenthal cows had the highest lactation productivity of 89.7%.
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Charbonneau, Édith, Simon Binggeli, Jean-Michel Dion, Doris Pellerin, Martin H. Chantigny, Stéphane Godbout, and Sébastien Fournel. "Optimal Housing and Manure Management Strategies to Favor Productive and Environment-Friendly Dairy Farms in Québec, Canada: Part I. Representative Farm Simulations." Transactions of the ASABE 62, no. 4 (2019): 959–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13271.
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Abstract. Tie-stall housing (93%) and solid manure management (44%) are used on many dairy farms in the province of Québec, Canada. However, this could change in the near future because the rise in average herd size and the popularity of milking robots are such that the industry expects an increase in free-stall dairies managing manure with liquid systems. This shift could affect the carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) footprints of Québec’s dairy production. In this context, whole-farm modeling (N-CyCLES), considering all the production cycle, provides a tool for evaluating the economics and environmental impacts of standard housing and manure management systems (Part I) in combination with different mitigation approaches (Part II). Two representative dairy farms in southwestern Québec (SWQ; 45.3° N, 73.2° W) and eastern Québec (EQ; 48.45° N, 68.1° W) were simulated considering four scenarios involving combinations of tie-stall or free-stall housing and solid or liquid manure management. Maximum farm net income (FNI) was $0.33 and $0.18 kg-1 of fat- and protein-corrected milk (FPCM) for the SWQ and EQ farms, respectively, with N and P footprints of 12.22 to 16.99 g N kg-1 and 0.52 to 0.79 g P kg-1 of FPCM in SWQ, and 11.48 to 15.39 g N kg-1 and 1.41 to 1.88 g P kg-1 of FPCM in EQ. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reached 1.78 to 1.87 kg CO2e kg-1 and 1.67 to 1.71 kg CO2e kg-1 of FPCM in SWQ and EQ, respectively. The SWQ farm was associated with greater production of cash crops but also greater imports of fertilizers and purchased feeds, which negatively affected the N footprint and GHG emissions. Housing and manure management types did not influence FNI. Free-stall dairies were associated with greater N surpluses. Nevertheless, they emitted slightly less GHG than tie-stall dairies. Dairy farms under liquid manure management imported less fertilizers and produced less GHG despite greater CH4 emissions. As a result, the current transition toward free-stall barns and liquid manure systems in Québec seems advantageous from an environmental standpoint without compromising economic profitability. Keywords: Climate change, Dairy cow, Farm net income, Free stall, Greenhouse gas emission, Manure handling, Mitigation, Nutrient footprint, Tie stall, Whole-farm model.
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Niksic, Dragan, Vlada Pantelic, Dusica Ostojic-Andric, Predrag Perisic, Marina Lazarevic, Ljiljana Samolovac, and Nikola Delic. "Characteristics and variability of udder scores of Simmental first calving heifers." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 37, no. 3 (2021): 203–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah2103203n.
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Visual assessment and recognition of milk performance traits of cows are preliminary indicators of milk yield, longevity, as well as reproductive abilities of the animal, which is very important from the aspect of economy of milk production. Deficiencies in udder traits lead to poorer production, difficult milking and premature weaning of cows from the herd. The paper examines the frequency of desirable scores for a certain trait in first-calving heifers distinguished by way of keeping (heads reared by individual producers/holdings and heads reared on the farm) and by origin (domestic and imported animals), as well as the influence of these two factors on the observed traits. Five udder traits were analyzed: front udder length, rear udder length, rear udder height, central ligament, and udder depth on a total of 954 first-calving Simmental heifers. Observed by the way of rearing, higher frequency of desirable scores for all udder traits were achieved by cows reared on the farm, while according to the origin of cows, higher frequency of desirable scores for all udder traits was achieved by imported cows compared to domestic cows. The influence of factors of housing/keeping and origin, examined by ?2 test on all examined linear scores (frequency of scores) of udder traits was statistically very highly significant (p?0.001), while the analysis of variance (F test) showed very high significance (p?0.001) of interaction of origin and method of rearing on the traits of the central ligament and the udder depth, and significance (p?0.05) on the height of the rear udder, however, no statistical significance (p>0.05) of this interaction was established on other linear scores of udder traits (length of the front and rear udder).
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Sy Truong, Dinh, Byung-Sub Kim, and Jong-Kweon Park. "Thermally affected stiffness matrix of angular contact ball bearings in a high-speed spindle system." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 11, no. 11 (November 2019): 168781401988975. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814019889753.
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Bearing stiffness directly affects the dynamic characteristics in a high-speed spindle system and plays an important role in terms of manufacturing quality. We developed a new approach for predicting the thermal behavior of a high-speed spindle, calculated the thermal expansion, and generated a bearing stiffness matrix for angular contact ball bearings. The heat convection of spindle housing in air, the balls in lubricant, the spindle shaft in quiescent air, and the bearing inner ring surfaces were determined. Heat sources such as bearing friction, and the heat contributed by the built-in motor, were simulated using an analysis systems (ANSYS) steady-state thermal model. The results were imported into a static ANSYS structural model. Ball thermal expansion was calculated based on changes in the coordinates of nodal points on the ball surface. Finally, a thermally affected bearing stiffness matrix was generated by applying the Newton–Raphson technique. Decreases in the bearing radial, axial, angular, and coupling stiffness values as rotational spindle speed increased were calculated. Also, the stiffness coefficients at a specific speed increased significantly caused by the thermal effects. Finally, for validation, the bearing stiffness was compared to that calculated using an earlier thermal network approach.
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Chernykh, Oleg Yu, Aleksey V. Mishchenko, Vladimir A. Mishchenko, Roman A. Krivonos, Aleksandr A. Lysenko, and Aleksandr V. Skorikov. "Features of control measures and prevention of foot-and-mouth disease of large horned cattle of meat breeds." Veterinaria Kubani, no. 4 (August 31, 2020): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.33861/2071-8020-2020-4-5-9.
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A large number of breeding heifers and bull-producers of meat breeds were brought to the Russian Federation from different countries of the world. Breeding heifers were imported to individual farms. Extensive and semi-intensive systems of large horned cattle keeping are used more often in the Russian Federation. The extensive system provides for free movement of animals and selection of pasture areas and access to watering and shelter areas. Large number of beef cattle have been imported to the Russian Federation from around the world in recent years. Timely epizootic and clinical diagnostics play a primary role in the system of measures for the control and prevention of foot-and-mouth disease. The existing system of measures for the control and prevention of foot-and-mouth disease in the Russian Federation provides for the prevention of the introduction of the virus, systematic vaccination of ruminants and revaccination of young animals and control of the level of post-vaccination antibodies. The risk of introduction of pathogens in extensive system for beef cattle is significantly higher than in intensive system. The highest risk of introduction of infectious agents exist with wild and domestic cloven-hoofed animals. Contaminated air, water and pastures can be pathway for the introduction of infectious agents into beef herds. According to the OIE Code beef-breed large horned cattle must be subject to daily inspection. All personnel working with beef-breed large horned cattle should have professional training in accordance with their job responsibilities and understand the technology of housing and behavior of animals, as well as biosecurity measures and general symptoms of diseases and signs of deterioration of the physiological state. The main features of large horned cattle breeding, distinguishing it from other areas of productivity, are early maturity and high quality meat. It is believed that professional training in these matters is acquired through specialized training and practical experience in working with beef cattle. Knowing the etiology of diseases and their syndromes is important in identifying potential animal welfare issues.
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Lumbunov, S. G., and B. D. Garmaev. "Beef productivity of steers of Kalmyk breed of different breeding." Glavnyj zootehnik (Head of Animal Breeding), no. 11 (November 1, 2021): 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-03-2111-04.
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The success of the development of beef cattle breeding in the Republic of Buryatia mostly depends on the effectiveness of using animals of Kalmyk breed of different origins in order to increase beef production. The study of the productive traits and expediency of using the gene pool of Kalmyk breed from other regions in comparison with the animals of local selection when breeding beef herds has practical and scientifi c significance. The purpose of the research was to study the productive traits of cattle of Kalmyk breed imported from various climatic zones of Russia. For the experiment, 3 groups of newborn calves of Kalmyk breed of different breeding of 15 heads in each have been selected according to the principle of analogues. The 1st group consisted of steers Kalmyk breed of Buryat breeding, the 2nd – of Kalmyk breeding, the 3rd group – of Rostov breeding. During rearing and feeding, the steers were in the same feeding and housing conditions. During the growth process, the largest live weight at the age of 7 months has been observed in the 1st group of steers received from parents of local reproduction. They surpassed the herdmates of the 2nd group by 3,1 kg or 1,7 %, and the 3rd group by 4,8 kg or 2,7 %. With age the differences in live weight increased at 14 and 18 months the steers of Buryat breeding exceeded their herdmates of the 2nd group by 10,6 kg or 3,4 % and 15,7 kg or 3,8 % (P > 0,95) and the 3rd group by 16,8 kg or 5,4 % (P > 0,95) and 23,5 kg or 5,8 % (Р > 0,99), respectively. A comparative study of the beef productivity of steers of Kalmyk breed obtained under the conditions of the Republic of Buryatia and imported from the Republic of Kalmykia and the Rostov region has shown the advantage of the animals of Buryat breeding, while the herdmates of Rostov selection were the worst, and Kalmyk breeding steers occupied an intermediate position.
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Fuehrer, Hans-Peter, Simone Morelli, Maria Sophia Unterköfler, Anna Bajer, Karin Bakran-Lebl, Dorota Dwużnik-Szarek, Róbert Farkas, et al. "Dirofilaria spp. and Angiostrongylus vasorum: Current Risk of Spreading in Central and Northern Europe." Pathogens 10, no. 10 (October 1, 2021): 1268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10101268.
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In the past few decades, the relevance of Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens, causing cardiopulmonary and subcutaneous dirofilariosis in dogs and cats, and of Angiostrongylus vasorum, causing canine angiostrongylosis, has steadily increased in Central and Northern Europe. In this review, a summary of published articles and additional reports dealing with imported or autochthonous cases of these parasites is provided for Central (Austria, Czechia, Germany, Hungary, Luxemburg, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Switzerland) and Northern (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) Europe. Research efforts focusing on Dirofilaria spp. and A. vasorum have varied by country, and cross-border studies are few. The housing conditions of dogs, pet movements, the spread of competent vectors, and climate change are important factors in the spread of these nematodes. Dogs kept outside overnight are a major factor for the establishment of Dirofilaria spp. However, the establishment of invasive, diurnal, synanthropic, competent mosquito vectors such as Aedes albopictus may also influence the establishment of Dirofilaria spp. The drivers of the spread of A. vasorum remain not fully understood, but it seems to be influenced by habitats shared with wild canids, dog relocation, and possibly climatic changes; its pattern of spreading appears to be similar in different countries. Both Dirofilaria spp. and A. vasorum merit further monitoring and research focus in Europe.
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Pryima, S. V., Yu P. Polupan, and V. P. Danylenko. "EFFICIENCY OF ECONOMIC USE OF COWS DIFFERENT COUNTRIES AND HERD OF SELECTION." Animal Breeding and Genetics 62 (December 8, 2021): 72–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.62.11.
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The aim of the research. The domestic breeding base is not always able to meet the need for high-quality breeding stock with high genetic potential to staff newly established enterprises or farms that increase production capacity. Therefore, in recent decades, imports of livestock from abroad have increased significantly. Thus, according to the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, annually (2016–2021) from 1.5 to 4.5 thousand heads of breeding cattle are imported to our country from Europe (Denmark, the Netherlands, Germany, Poland, Austria, Hungary, the Czech Republic). The largest share of imported breeding resources are Holstein animals. However, imported animals that are obtained and raised in other environmental conditions and genetically programmed for them do not always successfully adapt to new housing and feeding conditions. It is obvious that the adaptation processes are reflected in the level of milk productivity and indicators of lifetime use.
In this regard, further study of the productive longevity of cows and the realization of the genetic potential of imported and purchased within the country of dairy cattle is relevant and of scientific and practical interest.
Materials and methods of research. The study was conducted in a breeding farm for breeding Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy cattle, and since 2009 – Holstein breed ALLC "Agrosvit" Myronivskyi district of Kyiv region by retrospective analysis on the materials of primary zootechnical and breeding records. The electronic information base of the Dairy Management System of Dairy Farming “ORSEC” as of March 2020 was used for the analysis. The generated matrix of observations in the sta format generally contained information about 5099 cows for 482 variables. Of these, 3298 animals had dated information on the date of calving (2002–2019) and milk yield of first heifer.
Of the 1,001 cows included in the analysis, 541 were classified as Holstein, 541 as Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy cows, and 11 as other breeds and crossbreeds. By herd or country of selection 1135 cows are included in the group of local reproduction, 35 – imported in 2003 to the farm from Hungary (first calved in 2004), 105 cows imported in 2005 from Denmark (first calving 2005–2006), 33 cows imported in 2008 year from Germany (the first calving in 2008–2009), 48 cows were purchased from SE "Yamnytsia" Tysmenets district of Ivano-Frankivsk region, 20 – in SERF "Ryhalske" Yemilchyn district of Zhytomyr region, 53 – in LLC "Agrofirma Knyazhychi" Kyiv-Sviatoshynskyi district of Kyiv region, 33 – in Sarny SRS of Sarny district of Rivne region.
Research results. Comparison of group average animals of different birthplaces (countries or herds of selection) established a sometimes noticeable level of intergroup differentiation in terms of growth intensity of repair heifers, reproductive ability and milk productivity of cows for the first three and higher lactation. This may be partly due to the different conditional bloodlines of the improving Holstein breed.
In terms of live weight at the age of six months, the best development is characterized by animals of SE "Yamnytsia", which exceeded the animals of Sarny SRS by 18 ± 3.2 kg or 10.7% (td = 5.63, P < 0.001).
The higher average group yield of first heifers is accompanied by a curvilinear increase in the duration of the service period and the period between calvings and a decrease in the coefficient of reproductive ability. The analysis of milk productivity for the second, third and higher lactation showed a significant advantage of imported animals from Germany over all other animals. Among the cows of domestic origin, the priority in milk yield for the second lactation are animals purchased from the SE "Yamnytsia".
Among the animals of domestic selection, the most optimal indicators of lifetime use were characterized by cows purchased from SE "Yamnytsia", they prevailed in the number of lactations, duration of economic use, lactation, lifetime milk productivity (yield, fat, protein), milk yield and milk fat and protein per day of life, economic use and lactation not only all groups of animals born in Ukraine, but also cows of Danish and Hungarian selection.
One-way analysis of variance confirmed the low, but in most cases significant influence of the place of birth of animals on the signs of duration and efficiency of lifetime use of cows.
By age of the first calving, the difference between animals of European and domestic selection was insignificant (within the statistical error). In terms of efficiency of lifelong use, imported animals were not inferior to cows of Ukrainian selection, which showed a fairly high level of their adaptation to new economic and environmental conditions.
A significant advantage of cows of European selection by the coefficient of economic (3.8 ± 0.99%, td = 3.84, P < 0.001) and productive (2.7 ± 0.88%, td = 3.07, < 0.001) use at a lower lactation factor (1.7 ± 0.84%, td = 2.02, P < 0.05).
Conclusions. According to the intensity of growth of repair heifers, reproductive capacity and milk productivity of cows for the first three and higher lactation, sometimes a noticeable level of intergroup differentiation of animals of different birthplaces (countries or herds of selection) was established. In terms of live weight of heifers, animals of Hungarian selection, local reproduction and purchased from SE “Yamnytsia” had the advantage, the worst were peers from Sarny SRS. The youngest age of calving was characterized by the first heifers of German selection and local reproduction (ALLC "Agrosvit"). The highest milk productivity for the first lactation was distinguished by cows of Hungarian, for the second and older – of German selection, local reproduction and purchased from SE "Yamnytsia". The tendency of deterioration of reproductive ability of cows with increase of their dairy productivity is revealed.
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Ferkai, András. "Modernity in the wilderness? Architects’ role in developing rural Hungary, 1930–1960." Journal of Modern European History 18, no. 4 (July 30, 2020): 428–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1611894420943782.
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The aim of this article is to survey a longer period in Hungarian architecture starting from around 1930 and into the 1960s in order to investigate how subsequent generations of modern architects related to the social and housing problems of the countryside. It is widely held that although social sensitivity was a dominant feature of the modernist agenda, it was limited to an urban context, with little regard for rural areas unfamiliar to the movement’s leading proponents. Since the most radical and best-organized group of Hungarian architects was a section of the international organization Congrès Internationaux d’Architecture Moderne, their theoretical work was largely guided by the group’s centre in Zürich. This article traces some of the visions that were set against these ‘imported ideas’ and the extent to which these visions could be realized under the Horthy regime, which was at the time gradually moving towards the far-right. Furthermore, it maps the process that led to the confrontation between modernists and regionalists in the early 1940s. It also shows how the bipolar discourse revolving around social modernization was resolved by the democratic transformations of 1945, which set the stage for temporary cooperation between rivalling factions and led to architects reaching an understanding with reconstruction in mind. However, the hope for a strong and independent farming class and long-term development and planning policies backed by peasant parties was dashed by the communist breakthrough in 1948 As a result, the issue of rural housing would be raised anew only in the 1960s, when the Kádár regime made concessions to the collectivized peasantry. In the final section of this article, I will discuss why both the functionalist modern and regionalist models offered by architects failed. The family house type, which had been spontaneously developed by ‘self-help building’ and was condemned by the architecture profession in a new debate of the 1960s, cannot be explained by mere ideological or cultural discrepancies but through a profound socio-psychological analysis.
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Nazarchenko, O. V., and A. N. Rusanov. "Realization of the potential of cows of Holstein breed of different generations in terms of productive traits." Glavnyj zootehnik (Head of Animal Breeding), no. 12 (December 1, 2021): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-03-2112-03.
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Breeding work with dairy cattle in the Kurgan region is aimed at breeding animals that combine the adaptive properties and valuable traits of cattle of Black-and-White breed with a high proportion of genes of Holstein breed. Such animals are characterized by high productivity and suitability for intensive technology of their housing. The purpose of the research was to determine the indicators of milk productivity of first-calf heifers of different generations of Holstein breed, imported to the pedigree farms of the Kurgan region, as well as to determine the degree of realization of the genetic potential of animals. Scientific research has been carried out in the herd of CJSC “Glinka” (Kurgan), where highly productive cattle of Black-and-White and Holstein breeds are bred. The subject of research was the first-calf heifers of the imported Holstein breed of German selection of different generations, as well as the herdmates of Black-and-White breed. It has been found that the realization of the genetic potential for milk yield in Holstein cows of German breeding was higher and amounted to 76,4 %, in cows of Black-and-White breed 69,9 %. The highest milk yield for 305 days of lactation has been observed in the second generation of Holstein heifers 8905 kg, which exceeded the milk yield of herdmates of the second and third generations by 113 kg or 1,26 % and 174 kg or 1,95 %, respectively. The mass fraction of fat in German Holsteins of different generations ranged from 3,99 to 4,21 % (P < 0,001), while the mass fraction of protein in the milk of first-calf heifers varied slightly in the range from 3,18 to 3,20 %. In terms of live weight, the animals of the third generation slightly exceeded the herdmates of the 1st and 2nd generations by 19 kg or 3,25 % and 20 kg or 3,43 %, respectively. The largest profit has been received from the first-generation first-calf heifers of Holstein breed of German selection, where the level of profitability of milk production was 50,7 %, which was higher than that of the herdmates of the second and third generations by 3,9 and 7,9 %, respectively.
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Grigoryev, M., and N. Chernogradskaya. "Local mineral feed additives in the rations of steers of Hereford breed." Kormlenie sel'skohozjajstvennyh zhivotnyh i kormoproizvodstvo (Feeding of agricultural animals and feed production), no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-05-2002-03.
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Animals imported to Yakutia from other regions fall into feeding and housing conditions that differ from their usual agro-climatic conditions, which causes the problem of their adaptation. Yakutia is one of the areas where the feed of its own production has a lack of basic minerals, which affects the health and productivity of animals, which has an additional negative influence on the adaptation process of imported cattle. In order to replenish macro- and microelements in the body, it is necessary to introduce various local mineral feed additives, premixes, and use mineral salts into the ration. Under the conditions of Central Yakutia the influence of local mineral feed additives (zeolite of the Khonguruu Deposit in the Suntar district and sapropels of local lakes) containing macro- and microelements that increase the meat productivity of steers has been studied. As a result of the research the influence of local mineral feed additives on meat productivity and physiological condition of Hereford steers has been established. Influence of zeolite and sapropel in a complex with mineral salts on digestibility of nutrients of the ration and use of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus by experimental animals has been defined. The influence of feed additives on the quality of meat products has been studied. The results have shown that the use of local mineral feed additives in the composition of ration of steers during the fattening period at a dose of 0,7 g zeolite per 1 kg of live weight of the animal and 200 g of sapropel in combination with 10 g of mineral salts contributed to the gain in live weight, carcass weight, carcass yield, yield of edible parts, and economic efficiency of fattening. For the entire period of the experiment the gain in live weight in groups was: in control group 2222,9 kg, in the 1st experimental group 2396,2 kg, in the 2nd experimental group 2471,1 kg. The total economic effect for the 1st experimental group for the period of experiment amounted to 44,3 thousand Rubles, for the 2nd experimental group 78,0 thousand Rubles or per 1 head/day 14,06 and 24,76 Rubles, respectively.
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Azeze, Tsedey, and Bereket Haji. "Assessment of knowledge gap and constraints affecting consumption of standardized dairy products in Sidama and Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia." Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research 6, no. 1 (March 30, 2017): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/jsir.2017.6106.
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The study was conducted in Sidama and Gedio zone, southern Ethiopia. Dale, Hawassa zuria and Hagere selam were selected from Sidama zone and Dilla zuria from Gedio zone. A total of 177 households were interviewed. A total of 34 % and 17 % of producers had knowledge about standard and Ethiopian dairy products standards in the studied districts respectively. Although the majorities of respondents follow standardized housing and feeding, very few of the respondents know about standard milk production (9%) and also hazard analysis critical control points (HACCP)(3%).The respondents indicated that they do not bother about safety in purchasing milk and milk products from different sources. Accordingly, 74%, 40%, 38% of respondents indicated that babies (0-3yrs), children and pregnant women were more vulnerable to dairy food borne illnesses respectively. The result also indicated that 24.7% of respondents utilize locally produced milk products and 15% utilizes imported milk products. Out of the interviewed producers 91% wash their hand, 77% wash cow udder and teat (30%). Lack of awareness (57%) and supply problem (51%) were the major constraints in consuming standardized milk products in the studied districts. Therefore, integrating private milk vendors in the formal marketing system through licensing and quality control, improvement of milk and dairy products quality since the consumption of contaminated milk and milk products poses potential hazard to the consumer, awareness creation and training, enforcement of regulatory quality standards and introduction of technological interventions are required.
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Wilson, R. T., and O. Yilmaz. "The domestic livestock resources of Turkey: Notes on rabbits and a review of the literature." Archives Animal Breeding 56, no. 1 (October 10, 2013): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7482/0003-9438-56-003.
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Abstract. The Turkish wild rabbit is known from ancient times. As a minor component of Turkey’s array of livestock and poultry there is no official information on numbers or production. The iconic Angora is the only native breed. Imported breeds include New Zealand White, California, Chinchilla, Line V and French Angora. The Angora is a registered breed and is being conserved ex situ in vivo. Official data give Angora weight as 3.5–4.0 kg in males and 4.0–4.5 kg in females, fibre production as 700–800 g from bucks and 1,000 g from does from four clips per year, first breeding age as 6 months, litter size 1–6 kits and production of four litters per year. Production research is limited but generally shows lower fibre output than official data. A comparative study with California and Line V rabbits showed the latter was heavier at birth and grew faster to 10 weeks. The rabbit has been used as an animal model in several studies. There is little information on meat and fibre marketing as there is on international trade but there have been sporadic imports of meat. Pathologies include coccidiosis, mange and myiasis. Constraints include lack of producer knowledge, poor quality feed, inadequate housing and lack of breeding stock. Opportunities lie in public and private support, genetic improvement for fibre for product diversification and increased incomes, improved marketing and niche markets for low cholesterol and low fat meat.
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Hernández Navarro, Y., P. de Dato, and A. Langa Lahoz. "DISTURBANCES IN VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE OF TOGO'S RURAL SETTLEMENTS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-M-1-2020 (July 24, 2020): 761–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-m-1-2020-761-2020.
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Abstract. According to the United Nations (UN) Africa accounts for only 13% of the world's urban population and less than half of the inhabitants of this continent (43%) live in urban areas (Xinhua News Agency, 2017). Therefore, the cultural importance of rural architecture in this context is remarkable both locally for each society and generally for human knowledge. As Paul Oliver pointed out, vernacular architecture is the architectural language of people with their ethnic, regional and local dialects (Oliver, 1997), and it should be considered a treasure containing the knowledge, development and progress of a civilization. The formal and material results of this development lead to the reopening of the debate on its sustainability and its effects on human behaviour. The structural changes of rural habitats are putting the preservation of their cultural heritage at serious risk. The current demand for habitability fosters the use of imported materials such as cement and sheet metal to replace earthen walls and straw roofing in the simple constructions, solutions that deceptively improve the comfort of the inhabited spaces. The present article analyses residential construction typologies of traditional rural settlements of Togo, where the constructive, formal and technical variety is replaced by general solutions that, without achieving the desired housing improvement, are nonetheless contributing to the social detachment from traditions that represent the cultural identity of each community. The methodology aims at the identification and characterization of traditional residential typologies, and a final consideration evaluates the balance between sustainable development and the conservation of cultural values in rural settlements.
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Schweizer, Matthias, Hubertus Schleer, Michael Pietrek, Jürgen Liegibel, Valeria Falcone, and Dieter Neumann-Haefelin. "Genetic Stability of Foamy Viruses: Long-Term Study in an African Green Monkey Population." Journal of Virology 73, no. 11 (November 1, 1999): 9256–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.73.11.9256-9265.1999.
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ABSTRACT The genetic variability of the envelope surface domain (SU) of simian foamy virus (FV) of African green monkeys was studied. To assess the interindividual diversity of FV, isolates were obtained from 19 animals living together in a monkey house. The monkeys had been imported from Kenya prior to being placed in long-term housing in the research institute. In addition, a simian FV isolate and proviral DNA were obtained from an animal caretaker infected in this setting. DNA of the complete SU (1779 to 1793 bp) was analyzed by PCR and sequencing. The sequences revealed four clusters with high homologies (>95%). Between the clusters, divergencies ranged from 3 to 25%. Obviously, the clusters reflect four different strains or subtypes of simian FV type 3 that were prevalent in the colony. In contrast to lentiviruses, hypervariable regions could not be detected in the FV SU. Furthermore, to analyze the intraindividual diversity of FV, we investigated the virus population within an individual monkey at a given time point and its evolution over 13 years. For this purpose, 22 proviral SU clones generated by PCR from one oral swab and seven isolates obtained from the same animal between 1982 and 1995 were examined. These sequences revealed exceptionally high homology rates (99.5 to 100%), and only a minimal genetic drift was recognized within the series of isolates. In conclusion, the low in vivo divergency of FV SU suggests that genetic variability is not important for the maintenance of FV persistence.
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Mohd Thas Thaker, Hassanudin, and Mohamed Ariff. "Supply-side drivers of residential price in Malaysia: a qualitative analysis from developers' perspectives." Property Management 38, no. 4 (May 25, 2020): 543–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pm-10-2019-0056.
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PurposeThis study aims to explore the issue of residential price in Malaysia from a supply-side perspective. The views are directly obtained from medium and small-scale developers in Malaysia.Design/methodology/approachWe used the semi-structured interview for analysis purpose. The samples are from property developers (medium and small-scale developers) and a single respondent from the Malaysian National House Buyers Association. We used the judgmental sampling method to choose respondents for this study. The interview results went through content analysis in order to derive common themes, resulting in the identification of four main themes.FindingsFirst, developers view that the residential market is growing at a good pace, albeit slowly. However, the issue of unaffordability and construction costs remains to haunt the progress of property development in Malaysia. Second, from supply-side perspectives, there are several main reasons why the residential prices in Malaysia are uncontrollable: (1) costs of construction, (2) taxes, (3) existing units, (4) location and (5) urbanization. The third theme is the government support in catering to the needs and wants of middle- and lower-income earners. Most respondents agreed that the government has been providing low-cost houses supported by various incentives. Finally, on price control strategies for residential units, recommended suggestions are as follow: embracing different methods of construction styles, promote the uses of local materials instead of relying on imported materials, continuously review rules and regulations, provide more incentives and to build partnerships between the government and private companies on affordable housing projects.Practical implicationsThe research is expected to present solid findings and claimsseveral significant contributions, especially policy-wise. We believe this contribution will enrich the existing literature on residential market. The present study is also predicted to produce noteworthy findings to all stakeholders in the real-estate industry, such as potential home buyers and existing house owners to housing developers, marketers and government policy regulators, as well as academic institutions.Originality/valueThis study is expected to enrich the existing literature available in the context of real-estate finance such as property price and property policy in emerging economies like Malaysia. One distinguishing factor which differentiates this study from others in the literature is the feedbacks obtained from medium and small-scale developers, therefore deemed to be more solid and reliable. The current research in real-estate finance is mainly focused on empirical analysis and we believe this study will offer a breakthrough view on the matter of residential market in Malaysia.
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Palapa, N., O. Demyanyuk, and О. Nagorniuk. "Food security in Ukraine: state and current issues of nowadays." Agroecological journal, no. 2 (September 14, 2022): 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.2.2022.263314.
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The problem of food security in Ukraine and in the world in general has become especially relevant due to the growing population on the planet, depletion of natural resources, declining soil productivity, climate change and military conflicts. The number of countries with existing food security problems has increased in recent years. Different views on food security, state of food security in Ukraine are analyzed and comparisons with the countries of Europe and the world are made. According to statistics, in 2020 the caloric content of the Ukrainian diet was only 7% higher than the threshold level of 2.500 kcal/day, but less than the minimum WHO physiological standard (3.000 kcal/day) while the caloric content of the Ukrainian diet in 1990 was 3597 kcal/day. In addition, the diet of the population of Ukraine remains unbalanced with a predominance of plant products. The most critical is the state of consumption of complete protein foods (meat, milk, fish) and vitamin products (fruits). Ukrainians consume even less than the minimum norm for fish and fish products, as well as fruit. The indicator of import dependence is calculated, according to which as of 2020 it was the highest for fish and fish products — 82%, which is 52% above the threshold level of 30%. The predominant share of imported supplies falls on fish species that are caught exclusively in the waters of maritime economic zones of other countries, while the consumption of fish and fish products by the population of Ukraine remains below the recommended dietary norms. It is established that due to domestic production more than 90% of our country meets the necessary consumer needs of the population for most foods. The analysis and comparative assessment of the structure of total consumer expenditures of households in 2016 and 2020, as well as comparisons with EU countries. According to the State Statistics Service, consumer spending of Ukrainian households is 91.4% of income. The largest share of their income (48.1%) Ukrainians spent on food, housing and utilities — 14.4%. In the EU, housing, utilities and fuel rank first in the structure of household consumption expenditures — 25.7% of total expenditures. Citizens of Slovakia and Finland spend the most on this item — 30.7% and 30.5% of all expenses, respectively. The lowest one is 15.5% in Lithuania. Europeans spent on food and non-alcoholic beverages on average 14.8% of the total consumer spending structure, second only to utilities.
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Martínez Hermoso, Juan Antonio, María José Ayora Cañada, and Ana Domínguez Vidal. "Elementos arquitectónicos de la capilla funeraria de Sarenput II (QH31) en Qubbet el-Hawa. Caracterización geoquímica." Trabajos de Egiptología. Papers on Ancient Egypt, no. 10 (2019): 227–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.25145/j.tde.2019.10.13.
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The chapel of the QH31 funerary complex (Sarenput II) was excavated directly into the rock, like the rest of the hypogea of the necropolis of Qubbet el-Hawa. However, in the chapel there are some outstanding elements that, probably, were elaborated independently of the excavation works in situ, to be located in the planned place as an integral part of the burial equipment, and the general design of the chapel. These elements include, for example, the three pairs of Osiride statues in the corridor, the four pillars in the offering chamber, and the slabs with which they built the sanctuary of the statue of the grave’s owner. As these elements were found coated so as to make their surfaces suitable for decoration, it is very difficult to determine the stone with which they were made. During the last campaign (2018), in situ analysis with non-invasive techniques, such as X-ray Fluorescence, has allowed determining its chemical composition. In addition, some stone fragments found during the excavations carried out since 2008 by the Qubbet el-Hawa project (University of Jaén), have been analyzed, such as the wig of the decapitated statue on the north wall of the corridor, and the fragment belonging to the right jamb of the façade of the sanctuary housing the statue. The results of the analysis seem to indicate that these elements were made from a very similar sandstone to that of the excavation itself and not with silicified sandstone (quartzarenite), which was also very abundant at Qubbet el-Hawa. Besides, these studies show several differences in composition between the stone employed for the construction of the sanctuary, and other elements such as the Osiride statues. Finally, the slab on the floor of the sanctuary, on which the statue of Sarenput was placed, was made of imported limestone.
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Nwanya, S. C., and H. N. Ononiwu. "Issues and perspectives of capacity development in embodied energy indices for building materials sourced in Nigeria: A review." Nigerian Journal of Technology 39, no. 4 (March 24, 2021): 1131–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v39i4.21.
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Embodied energy (EE) property of building material is a great determinant of the performance of a building. The dearth of information on EE of locally sourced building materials (LSBMs) constitutes a challenge to affordable housing in Nigeria. In this paper, a review of the previous literature, unfilled gaps in those works, and future directions in embodied energy research for LSBMs is presented to evolve a Nigerian perspective. A constructive non-meta analytic methodology was adopted for the paper. This was followed by classification and comparison of snapshot literature in the embodied energy of building materials. Insightful sources of information for the study were drawn from a vast body of knowledge both documented literature and some interviews with knowledgeable personnel in the area of a built environment. From the survey, energy management opportunities were revealed, which would not have been apparent from a specific building case study alone. There are distinctions in the literature with this currentpaper for a Nigerian case study: none have addressed the embodied energy coefficient of materials. Also, the status of embodied energy studies, for these materials, is at a low profile and the few investigations carried out focused on life cycle operating energy of buildings. These research gaps evidently imply abundant research opportunities that await exploitation in the building industry. This paper adds to an existing body of knowledge on the use of EE index to promote and optimize the selection of LSBMs as alternative to imported building materials. We hope engineers, estate developers and architects would find it useful for making an informed decision in the design of resilient buildings using indigenous materials.
Keywords: building material, embodied energy, system boundary, capacity, building information modelling, Nigeria.
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Armijos Naula, Johanna Michelle, Mariuxi Katherine Bosquez López, and Ángel Enrique Zapata Barros. "Producción local de perfiles de aluminio y su impacto en la construcción de viviendas." ECA Sinergia 12, no. 1 (February 9, 2021): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33936/eca_sinergia.v12i1.2818.
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Dentro de los acabados de viviendas, los materiales más empleados son los perfiles de aluminio que en la localidad se dedica a la comercialización de este insumo que en general son importados. Por ello, la presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar el impacto que tendría la sustitución de las importaciones por producción local de perfiles de aluminio en los costos y el desempeño en general de la industria de la construcción en la provincia. Para ello se empleó la metodología de evaluación de impacto de la Unión Europea 2006 compuesta por ocho pasos, además se utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo de carácter no experimental, que permitió evaluar el efecto económico de forma objetiva mediante la aplicación de técnicas como encuestas y entrevistas, las mismas que al ser analizadas permitieron sostener la hipótesis siguiente: la producción local de perfiles de aluminio reduce significativamente los costos de construcción de una vivienda.
Palabras clave: Productividad; extrusión; importaciones; inversión; efecto económico.
ABSTRACT
Within the finishes of housing, the most used material are the aluminium profiles themselves that in the locality is dedicated to the commercialization of this input that are usually imported. Therefore, this investigation aims to analyze the impact of replacing imports with local production of aluminium profiles on the costs and overall performance of the construction industry in the province. To this end, the European Union’s eight-step impact assessment methodology was used, and a non-experimental quantitative approach was also used, since it allowed the economic effect to be assessed objectively through the application of techniques such as surveys and interviews themselves that when analyzed made it possible to sustain the hypothesis following: local production of aluminium profiles significantly reduces the costs of building a home.
Keywords: Productivity; extrusion; imports; investment; economic effect.
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Redko, Ihor, Yurii Burda, Yurii Pivnenko, and Rafael Levanovich Dzhyoiev. "RESEARCH OF BROWN COAL BURNING PROCESSES IN THE VORTEX FIREPLACE BY COMPUTER MODELING." Collected scientific works of Ukrainian State University of Railway Transport, no. 200 (June 17, 2022): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18664/1994-7852.200.2022.262683.
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As part of the course for European integration in Ukraine, a new Energy Strategywas approved to reduce the share of coal among primary sources to 12.5 % by 2035, the share ofelectricity generation at TPPs and CHPs to 3 2%. In 2021, Ukraine joined the EU's Green Dealstrategy with a commitment to completely stop coal production and close coal energy and close coalenergy by 2050.At the same time, coal energy has advantages - significant reserves of domestic coal (first inEurope and eighth in the world), which make it a guarantor of energy independence.Given the growing share of "green" generation in Ukraine, the share of pulverized coalproduction should be kept at least 30% of total energy productionThe use of expensive imported natural gas in Ukraine's fuel balance stimulates the developmentof industrial and small energy based on cheap local fuels and combustible waste. The use of cheapcoal, peat, wood waste can reduce the cost of heat production in housing and communal services,industrial enterprises.Combustion of low-grade fuels is constrained due to the complexity of organizing a sustainablecombustion process.Local fuels are characterized by high humidity and ash content, low heat of combustion. Thezone of autogenous (self-sustaining) combustion is defined by the limits: combustible - more than25 %, moisture - less than 50 %, ash - less than 60% by working weight.Vegetation and wood are the starting point for the stages of metamorphism (carbonization):plant residues, peat, brown coal, coal, anthracite. Characteristics of humolites, the organic part of the fuel, by stages of metamorphism. Fuels ofdifferent types and different degrees of carbonization - peat, lignite is peroxidized and contain a lotof oxygen in the combustible mass, have the lowest thermal stability and the highest yield of volatilesubstances.In the process of metamorphism, oxygen is removed and the thermal stability of the organicmatter of the fuel is increased.
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Dzhyoiev, Rafael Levanovich. "TECHNOLOGIES OF WOOD WASTE INCINERATION IN LOW POWER BOILERS." Collected scientific works of Ukrainian State University of Railway Transport, no. 198 (May 12, 2022): 82–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.18664/1994-7852.198.2021.256611.
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The analysis of ways of burning wood waste and waste of vegetable origin, biomassand their energy potential are given. Possibilities of reconstruction and modernization of gas boilerunits of Ukraine about burning biomass and wood waste were studied. The scheme of solid fuelcogeneration power plant with wood waste incineration has been developed. The high energyintensity of Ukraine's GDP and the lack of its own fuel resources determine its dependence on energysupplies. Therefore, the current policy of involving local fuels and renewable energy sources (RES)in the fuel and energy balance of municipal and municipal energy. The use of wood and plant biomasswaste in the housing system (boilers) will reduce the consumption of imported natural gas. Moderntechnologies provide efficient incineration of wood waste, but their use is determined by thecharacteristics of fuel and capacity of commercial boilers. The most effective methods andtechnologies of thermal processing of wood waste are being developed. High gas prices in 2021 arecaused by rising prices for rare earth metals and other elements used in renewable energy: lithiumby 400 %, silicon – 300 %, aluminum – 37 %, cobalt – 85 %, neodymium – 58 %, magnesium - 9,copper – 25 %, zinc and nickel – 25 %.Renewable energy also needs the resources from which windmills and solar panels are made.70 % of windmills and solar panels are made of metals and alloys and their cost will affect the costof generating new RES capacity.Analysis of the reasons for the increase in prices for components for RES shows that with risingprices for fossil fuels (gas, oil, coal) and increasing construction of RES, prices for lithium, cobaltand other elements increase. At the same time, rare earth reserves are limited and concentrated inseveral countries (China, Austria, Bolivia, Chile, Brazil, Congo) and therefore these countries havea stricter pricing policy.
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Armijos Naula, Johanna Michelle, Mariuxi Katherine Bosquez López, and Ángel Enrique Zapata Barros. "Producción local de perfiles de aluminio y su impacto en la construcción de viviendas." ECA Sinergia 12, no. 1 (December 16, 2021): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33936/eca_sinergia.v12i1.4234.
Full textAbstract:
Dentro de los acabados de viviendas, los materiales más empleados son los perfiles de aluminio que en la localidad se dedica a la comercialización de este insumo que en general son importados. Por ello, la presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar el impacto que tendría la sustitución de las importaciones por producción local de perfiles de aluminio en los costos y el desempeño en general de la industria de la construcción en la provincia. Para ello se empleó la metodología de evaluación de impacto de la Unión Europea 2006 compuesta por ocho pasos, además se utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo de carácter no experimental, que permitió evaluar el efecto económico de forma objetiva mediante la aplicación de técnicas como encuestas y entrevistas, las mismas que al ser analizadas permitieron sostener la hipótesis siguiente: la producción local de perfiles de aluminio reduce significativamente los costos de construcción de una vivienda.
Palabras clave: Productividad; extrusión; importaciones; inversión; efecto económico.
ABSTRACT
Within the finishes of housing, the most used material are the aluminium profiles themselves that in the locality is dedicated to the commercialization of this input that are usually imported. Therefore, this investigation aims to analyze the impact of replacing imports with local production of aluminium profiles on the costs and overall performance of the construction industry in the province. To this end, the European Union’s eight-step impact assessment methodology was used, and a non-experimental quantitative approach was also used, since it allowed the economic effect to be assessed objectively through the application of techniques such as surveys and interviews themselves that when analyzed made it possible to sustain the hypothesis following: local production of aluminium profiles significantly reduces the costs of building a home.
Keywords: Productivity; extrusion; imports; investment; economic effect.