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Barman, Hari Kamal. "Screening extraction and application of botanical fungicides against some important fungal pathogens of economically Important crops of of North Bengal." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1424.
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Saha, Bikram. "STUDIES ON SOME VIRAL DISEASES OF ECONOMICALLY IMPORTANT CROPS FROM SUB-HIMALAYAN WEST BENGAL AND THEIR MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/939.
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Wright, Elaine Frances. "The effect of ozone on horticultural crops important in the Fraser Valley of British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28356.
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An analysis of air quality data from British Columbia has identified the Lower Mainland and surrounding rural areas as one of the regions in Canada where the Canadian Maximum Acceptable Air Quality Objective of 0.082 ppm ozone for one hour is frequently exceeded. Ozone at this level has the potential for affecting crops in the Fraser Valley.
Field experiments were undertaken to attempt to evaluate the effect of randomly fluctuating levels of ozone on the yield of two cultivars each of Brassica oleracea L. (broccoli), Phaseolus vulgaris L. (bean), Pisum sativum L. (pea), Daucus carota L. (carrot) in 1985 and on one cultivar each of Solanum tuberosum L. (potato) and Pisum sativum L. (pea) in 1986, using a zonal air pollution system. As there is no current consensus regarding the most appropriate numerical expression of pollutant exposure to use in vegetation response studies, a comparison of various exposure terms was also undertaken.
Ozone was added in various proportions to ambient levels between 0700 and 2100 hours (PDT) throughout the growing season. Three levels of ozone addition were used in 1985 and 12 in 1986. In 1985, treatments were assigned to three blocks over which ozone was released. Each block was supplied with different total amounts of supplementary ozone, a fourth block serving as an ambient air control. In 1986, ozone treatments were randomly assigned to four sub-plots on each of the three blocks over which ozone was released, with each block receiving the same total amount of supplementary ozone. Different treatments were achieved by each sub-plot being subject to different rates of release and degrees of mixing. For both years the ozone concentration distributions achieved over the season were approximately log-normal. Additional analysis of the air quality data from the ambient air plot found other types of skewed distributions such as the three parameter Weibull, three parameter gamma and Johnsons SB (four parameter log-normal) provided better descriptions of the data. The distribution providing the best fit depended on the concentration averaging time, the daily time span over which the ozone concentrations are analyzed and the selection criterion used.
In 1985, field observations indicated that there were numerous plot to plot differences for disease and soil factors, which were confounded with the ozone treatments applied. Without true replication of the treatments, differentiation between the effects due to ozone and those from abiotic and biotic causes was not possible, and hence no clear conclusions concerning ozone response could be drawn.
In 1986, without the confounding of ozone and plot location, significant linear reductions in yield were found for pea and pod fresh weight using the number of days on which the concentration exceeded 25 ppb, during the vegetative growing period (D25²). A significant linear reduction in fresh potato tuber weight was found using the geometric mean of all geometric mean ozone concentrations computed between 1200 and 1259-h for the season (GH12) as the exposure statistic. A significant multiple linear regression was found for pea fresh weight using the D25¹, statistic together with the number of occurrences in which the concentration exceeded 25 ppb for two, three and four consecutive hours (2C25, 3C25 and 4C25 respectively) in an episode; and for pod fresh weight using D25, 2C25 and 3C25 as independent variates. From the results presented it seems clear that ozone at the concentrations dispensed here would have a significant negative impact on crops grown in the Fraser Valley. Based on the 1986 experiment the best case estimate indicates that yield reductions of 28% could be expected for peas and potatoes at 37 ppb ozone (expressed as the season-long 7-h mean, M7).
The exposure statistics used in the present study in comparison with the season-long 7 and 12 hour means provided good fits with the data. They are easily calculated from ambient air quality data and present attractive alternatives to those exposure statistics currently in use, for assessing the potential impact of ozone on crops in the Fraser Valley and for use in the setting of air quality standards.Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate
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Matiru, Viviene N. "An assessment of rhizobial infection, metabolite release and growth response in agriculturally important legume and cereal crops." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/7420.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 149-180).Reports on the natural and laboratory infection of cereals by rhizobium provided the impetus to embark on research using African landraces of sorghum and millet to study their interaction with rhizobia. Seven strains of root-nodule bacteria (namely Rhizobium GHR2, Bradyrhizobium japonicum Tal 110, Sinorhizobium meliloti strain 1, Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viceae Cn6, R. leguminosarum bv. viceae strain 30, Rhizobium NGR234 and Azorhizobium caulinodans ORSS71, hereafter referred to as ""rhizobia"") that fix N2, were used to study rhizobial effects on sorghum and millet seedlings grown aseptically in Leonard jars with Yz strength Hoagland nutrient solution containing 1 mM KN03.
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Martin, Dana. "Investigation of the Biocontrol Activity in vitro and in planta of Different Pseudomonas Species Against Important Crown, Stem, Foliar and Root Pathogens of Ornamental Crops." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1503063395390704.
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Waller, Victor, and Astrid Wilsby. "Abaca in the Philippines, an overview of a potential important resource for the country : Relating the tensile strength of the single fiber to the microfibrilar angle." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-259571.
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Due to environmental concerns and to the limited amount of fossil fuel in the world theinterest in using renewable material has been and will continue to be on the rise. With theincreasing demand for renewable materials such as bio-based fibers, the research aroundnatural fibers is intensifying. Abaca (Musa Texitilis Nee) is a plant endemic to the Philippineswhich is claimed to contain the strongest natural fiber in the world 1. However, no thoroughresearch on performing tensile strength test on single abaca fibers/cells has been found. Byperforming tensile strength test on the single abaca fibers and relate this will provide freshdata about the single abaca fiber strength that can be compared with other natural fibers.This can later be a reference tool in order to find the optimal fiber for the product to be made. The purpose of this study is to develop a methodology for performing tensile strength testson single abaca fibers with the major objective to relate the tensile strength and E-modulusof the fibers with their microfibrillar angle (MFA). The research was done by using Abaca(grade S2) from Camarines Sur (Philippines) that was chemically disintegrated in order toobtain single fibers. The single fibers were mounted to a custom made paper frame for thetensile strength test performed by an Instron 5944. The MFA of each fiber was also retrievedusing an optical microscope with a polarized filter. The research showed an indication of aninversely proportional relation between MFA and tensile strength of the fibers. According tothe results, the E-modulus of the single abaca fiber was almost constant, independently onthe MFA of the fiber.The purpose of this study is to do a broad map out of the abaca industry in the Philippines. Furthermore, the study aims to provide an overview of the abaca industry as a tool for finding ways to optimize the fiber production and to find suggestions on how to make a bigger share of the profit from the abaca products to stay by the farmers in the Philippines. The objectives are therefore also focused on describing the way the abaca plant is cultivated, harvested, processed, and further distributed from the farms. Also, the objectives are to describe the abaca supply and demand situation along with identifying challenges for abaca production. Today the outmoded abaca production in the Philippines is experiencing a productivity loss which makes the farmers' incomes unnecessarily low. Important factors that, by this study, have been identified affecting the low productivity and profit are lack of proper farming management, distribution and unoptimized usage of the fibers. A big share of the abaca fibers produced is also being exported. This means that the raw fibers are being made into high-value products abroad and hence the profit to be made is dislocated further from the farmers with low means of improving their standard of living. The study has been performed by doing a literature study complemented with interviews and visits to abaca farmers and other stakeholders within the abaca industry.
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Ущаповська, Ірина Василівна, Ирина Васильевна Ущаповська, Iryna Vasylivna Ushchapovska, and Manolya Celebi. "Importance of cross-cultural competence and cross-cultural empathy." Thesis, Сумський обласний інститут післядипломної освіти (Суми, Укрина), 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/45071.
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В статті ми намагаємось визначити важливість роботи з інтернаціональними студентами. Кроскультурна компетенція та кроскультурна емпатія є важливими факторами для подолання кроскультурних проблем якісно та ефективно. Ефективність зростає, коли присутня компетенція та міжкультурна емпатія розвивається, коли ви намагаєтесь відчути себе на місті іншої людини.В статье мы пробуем определить важность работи с интернациональными студентами. Кросскультурная компетенция и кросскультурная эмпатия являются важными факторами для преодоления кросскультурных проблем качественно и эффективно. Эффективность возрастает, когда присутствует компетенция и межкультурная эмпатия развивается, когда ви пробуете представить себя на мете другого человека.
In the article, we try to define some notions important for dealing with international students. Cross-cultural competence and empathy are important capacities for coping with cross-cultural problems adequately and effectively. Effective communication can be enhanced when competence is conveyed and the ability in intercultural empathy can be developed by consistently trying to put your feet in another’s shoes.
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Velissariou, Dimitris E. "Ozone sensitivity of important crop plants around Athens, Greece." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.238851.
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Britto, Ramona. "Identifying genes important for mammalian spermatogenesis : a cross-species gene prioritization approach." Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1S109.
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Recent advances in genomics and high-throughput technologies have significantly contributed to our understanding of spermatogenesis by identifying numerous genes expressed during the development of male gametes. These approaches do not, however, pinpoint the essential genes and several strategies can be adopted for the selection of candidate genes for functional genomic studies. The first part of this thesis describes a screen based on conserved and differential expression in the testis from three mammalian species. Homologs of candidate genes were inactivated in the C. Elegans model and worms were assayed for infertility phenotypes. The second part describes the construction of a tool for 'prioritizing' candidate genes based on phenotype and other data of relevance to the subject. We implemented a system capable of ranking genes for spermatogenesis based on multiple types of genomic information. The resulting Gene Prioritization System (GPSy) is currently the most comprehensive approach available and utilizes information available for some species to prioritize genes in a wide range of organisms. In the third part of the thesis, I applied this system to the set of candidate genes targeted by RNAi in the worm and demonstrate GPSy‘s ability to efficiently discriminate positive candidates from those showing no phenotype. I also tested the use of this tool in the mammalian context by prioritizing a list of genes identified by expression profiling of infertile patients. The justification of several high- and low-ranking genes, both in the human and the worm datasets, suggests that the system is scientifically sound and stresses the importance of a cross-species approach. Integrative genomics approaches, such as those presented in this manuscript, will play a decisive role in the identification of genes important for spermatogenesis and reproductive disordersLes progrès récents dans les technologies de génomique et à haut débit ont considérablement contribué à une meilleure compréhension de la spermatogenèse par l'identification de nombreux gènes exprimés au cours de la différenciation des cellules de la lignée germinale. Néanmoins, ces approches ne permettent pas d'identifier directement des gènes essentiels pour ce processus et nécessitent l'intégration de plusieurs stratégies pour la sélection des gènes candidats avant d'envisager des études fonctionnelles. La première partie de ma thèse a consisté en un crible de données d'expression basé sur la conservation du transcriptome testiculaire entre trois espèces de mammifères. Par la suite, les homologues des gènes candidats sélectionnés ont été inactivés dans l'organisme modèle C. Elegans afin d'examiner d'éventuels phénotypes liés à une infertilité. La deuxième partie détaille la construction d'un outil pour la priorisation de gènes candidats, GPSy (Gene Prioritization System), basée sur l'exploitation de multiples données, parmi lesquels des données phénotypiques. Le système implémenté a pour objectif d'ordonner les gènes en fonction de leur importance relative au regard du processus de la spermatogenèse par l'intégration de plusieurs types d'informations génomiques. GPSy est actuellement l'approche la plus exhaustive disponible basée sur la transversalité des informations et données disponibles au travers d'un large éventail d'organismes (inter-espèces). Dans la troisième partie de la thèse, j'ai appliqué ce système à l'ensemble des gènes candidats sélectionnés pour le criblage par RNAi chez C. Elegans. J'ai ainsi pu démontrer la capacité de GPSy à discriminer efficacement les candidats positifs de ceux ne montrant aucun phénotype. L'utilité de cet outil a par la suite été testée chez l'homme afin de prioriser une liste de gènes montrant un différentiel d'expression dans des échantillons de biopsies testiculaires de patients infertiles. L'ensemble des résultats et des discussions associées, à la fois chez le ver et l'homme, soulignent la robustesse du système développé et l'importance d'une approche inter-espèces. A l'avenir, les approches de génomique intégrative, telles que celles présentées dans ce manuscrit, seront un atout décisif pour l'identification de gènes importants pour la spermatogenèse et la compréhension fine de ce processus complexe
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Mandal, Palash. "Bioactivity of low molecular weight peptides isolated from some important crop plants various treatments and conditions." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2013. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/hdl.handle.net/123456789/1544.
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Wilson, Susan Ann. "Response to SO2 exposure of crop species and important eucalyptus species in Australia." Thesis, Wilson, Susan Ann (1993) Response to SO2 exposure of crop species and important eucalyptus species in Australia. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1993. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/52515/.
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The primary objective of this research was to investigate the impact of long-term exposure to SO2 on the growth and yield of major agricultural plant species and commercially important forest Eucalyptus species grown under Mediterranean climatic conditions in Australia; thereby providing the scientific criteria necessary for the development of air quality standards for sulphur dioxide (SO2) in Australia. There has been very little research on the response to SO2 of plants which grow in dry or Mediterranean climates; to date Australia has largely relied on overseas data to predict the impact of air pollutants on its agricultural and forestry industries. The vast majority of these data have been derived from studies on the effects of plants grown in cooler, moister climates. Vegetation grown in a Mediterranean climate, however, possesses certain biological features that enable success in such a climate; evidence suggests that the vegetations' response to SO2 may be different from that of other vegetation types. More particularly, as a most distinctive feature common to plants grown in Mediterranean climates is their drought stress resistance, it is possible that common mechanisms underlie the resistance of both drought stress and SO2 stress; this is explored at a theoretical level. As a consequence of biological differences, extrapolation from studies on plant species successful in cool, moist climates may be inappropriate in predicting the response to SO2 of Mediterranean climate vegetation.
The research was divided into two main areas. Firstly, the effects of long-term SO2 exposure on growth, yield and/or quality of the most important cereals, nitrogen-fixing pasture species and Eucalyptus tree species grown under Mediterranean climatic conditions in open-top chambers were studied. This resulted in a comprehensive documentation of the effects of SO2 on the most commercially important plants in Australia and the development of exposure-response models. Secondly, construction and analysis of a data base for all data derived in Australia was undertaken resulting in the establishment of generalised exposureresponse models to define the response to long-term SO2 exposure of agricultural species grown in a Mediterranean climate and the genus Eucalyptus. The data were derived from many experiments but represent a unique uniformity of sampling and exposure techniques. In all cases the most appropriate model to describe plant response to SO2 exposure was a regression between SO2 concentration and percentage yield change or the logarithm of percentage yield change; the models had the capacity to explain up to 75% of the variability in the data and were not improved by a number of transformations of either variable. The model limitations, conditions for application and areas highlighted by the study requiring further research are discussed.
The study provided several results which did not support the hypothesis that the genetic material, and therefore biological features, associated with the type of plants grown in Mediterranean regions of Australia would result in a response different to that of plants grown in other climatic regions. The findings suggested that as a group, agricultural plants adapted to water-limited conditions vary widely in their response to SO2 exposure and do not appear to differ in response from plants adapted to other climatic conditions. Therefore air quality standards developed overseas may be appropriate at a general level to protect agricultural plants. Eucalypts, however, appear to be amongst some of the most sensitive species to SO2 tested to date, world-wide and the transportation of overseas air quality standards would not be valid for their protection. It is postulated that this is, at least in part, attributable to their adaptation to low nutrient soils and to the fact that many species have the capacity, due to their root systems, to continue to transpire even under conditions of stress.
The research outlined derived empirical models to describe the response to a range of SO2 concentrations of agricultural species grown in a Mediterranean climate and Eucalyptus species. The next step in research should be aimed at defining exposure-response with a mechanistic basis for yield response thereby defining its qualitative and quantitative physiological basis. This would facilitate the achievement of a more complete description of plant response and provide a basis for extending the existing data to describe and predict potential plant responses to SO2 under a broader range of conditions.
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Edvardsson, Ingrid, Lena Lendahls, Tobias Andersson, and Göran Ejlertsson. "The social environment is most important for not using snus or smoking among adolescents." Högskolan Kristianstad, Avdelningen för Hälsovetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-9966.
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Aims: To identify factors, which were related to being smoke-free and snus-free, respectively, among adolescents in relation to adolescents who were smoking and/or using snus, and de-termine if there were any sex differences. Me- thods: A questionnaire study was performed among students in year two in upper secondary schools (17-years-old) in southern Sweden in 2009. More than 2200 students completed the questionnaire regarding health and living habits anonymously. The variables were tested by χ²-test, before selection into the logistic model. Because of the salutogenic approach in the study, the results of the logistic regression analyses were expressed as Positive Odds Ratio (POR). Results: The prevalence of being smoke- free was 75.6 percent for girls and 70.2 percent for boys, whilst the prevalence of being snus- free was 95.1 percent for girls and 70.2 percent for boys. Having a tobacco-free best friend was the most important factor that correlated with being smoke- and snus-free as an adolescent, for both boys and girls. Good living habits, such as drinking less alcohol, were also central to being smoke-free and snus-free. Conclusions: The results show that a tobacco-free environ-ment has a great influence on whether or not adolescents stay tobacco-free. As the environ-ment has a big impact, the school has a big challenge to work with the school environment and policies but also with family responsibility, norms and attitudes to tobacco.
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Hufton, Caroline Anne. "Are metabolic diurnal rhythms important during the NOâ†x induced injury of crop plants." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334065.
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Wallenberg-Lerner, Helena H. "Affective Components Perceived to be Important in Today's Global Society from a Cross-Cultural Perspective." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4604.
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Global competencies, with differences in terminology by various researchers, had been frequently investigated, primarily from an American-biased perspective. Little or no defining research existed that identified requisite, universally agreed upon global competencies, or identified what affective components were perceived to be important cross culturally.
This research study answered the following questions:
1. What affective components are perceived to be important from a cross-cultural perspective?
2. Are there differences in these perceptions of affective components from a cross-cultural perspective?
The purpose of the study was to explore the extent to which individuals in different GeoCultural regions view and identify affective components perceived to be important in today's global society. Affective components relate to emotions, values, and beliefs.
The research entailed the development of two instruments for placing individuals within a primary region (the background information form) and for identifying and rating affective components perceived to be important in today's global society from a cross-cultural perspective (the affective component questionnaire).
The study used four expert panels to perform content validation. Both instruments were developed by global experts from eight GeoCultural regions.
As a result of the panel process, nine affective components were identified.
Two instruments were administered, through intermediaries, to individuals in all the GeoCultural regions and subcategories. Of the responses, 423 were usable.
Affective competence appears to be a complex construct that involves more than one component. Based on this study, there are at least nine different affective components perceived to be important in order to be a culturally competent individual in today's global society. All of the nine affective components were perceived to be important in all GeoCultural regions and subcategories.
Repeated measures ANOVA and Dunn's pairwise comparisons tests were used to assess differences between the affective components and the GeoCultural regions/subcategories. There were differences found in three of the affective components indicating that there may be some differences between GeoCultural regions and subcategories. The Caribbean respondents did not value three affective components as highly as some of the other GeoCultural regions.
Repeated measures ANOVAs were also used to determine if there were any significant differences between the subcategories of Asia and the subcategories of Oceania. Since no significant differences existed in either GeoCultural region, it lends support to the notion that the subcategories are not needed for research dealing with affective components.
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Brunner, Jason M. "Relationship building in a cross-cultural setting : the importance of intercultural competence." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/3750.
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Xu, Kunlin. "The importance of cross-cultural capabilities for Chinese immigrant entrepreneurs in Australia." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/110823/2/Kunlin_Xu_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis takes a novel approach to investigating cross-cultural capabilities of Chinese immigrant entrepreneurs in Australia. Results show that cross-cultural capabilities include two main dimensions: capability of psychological adaptation (including emotion management and positive attitude) and capability of sociocultural adaptation (including cultural learning, language skills and bicultural flexibility). Further, Chinese immigrant entrepreneurs are heterogeneous with five diverse immigrant entrepreneur groups in terms of their cross-cultural capabilities, namely pragmatists, challengers, optimists, integrators and assimilators. This thesis also provides evidence of the impact of cross-cultural capabilities on immigrant entrepreneurs' business outcomes that are associated to venture growth.
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Silva, Primalie De. "Studies on some of the important features in the biological relationship between the bacterial parasite Pasteuria penetrans and its host Meloidogyne SPP." Thesis, University of Reading, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306202.
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Given, Steven G. "Cross Product Generalizability of Shopping Site Judgments." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1325788341.
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Worrall, Basil Graeme. "The importance of abstraction in the development of distributed and cross-platform frameworks." Pretoria: [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11292009-082341/.
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Johnsson, Mikael. "Innovation Enablers and Their Importance for Innovation Teams." Doctoral thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för maskinteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-13021.
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The aim of this research is to develop an understanding of factors that enable innovation teams to conduct agile innovation work in an industrial context. The background and reason for this research are not only that innovation is necessary for companies that want to stay in business, but also that these companies need to increase the speed of their innovation work to stay competitive. Research has demonstrated that cross-functional (X-functional) innovation teams are fast and agile, and are therefore assumed to be suitable for these activities. Still, there is much knowledge to be gained. Prior research has identified factors that are seen as important from an organizational, team, and individual perspective to enable teams to work with potentially innovative outcomes. However, in cases where teams have been created with the purpose of conducting innovation work, i.e. innovation teams, problems related to e.g. performance and learning have occurred, and the innovation work has stopped shortly after conducted research projects due to the high level of complexity. The research question (RQ) that this thesis explores is the following: “Which innovation enablers are important for innovation teams when conducting agile innovation work in an industrial context?” Based on the RQ, two sub-questions are formulated and operationalized to answer the RQ. Qualitative data have been collected from five innovation teams in two phases. Two innovation teams in two small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) were studied in the first phase to clarify the situation for innovation teams before innovation work is begun. In the second phase, which built on the first one, three innovation teams in a large industrial company were studied as they conducted three separate innovation projects. This research revealed five main findings: first, knowledge about important innovation enablers (Enablers) revealed from a literature study; second, the Innovation Team Model (ITM), demonstrating innovation teams before innovation work is begun in relation to the individuals and organization in a holistic way; third, the innovation team creation process (CIT-process), a stepwise process in how to create an innovation team; fourth, the innovation facilitator, who supports and facilitates the innovation team throughout the CIT-process and the innovation projects; and fifth, the Extended Innovation Process (EIP), an extension of the traditional innovation process by a pre-phase, i.e. a Preparation-phase, to gather and prepare the innovation teams for forthcoming work. The findings regarding the importance of the CIT-process, the EIP, and the innovation facilitator were unexpected. The findings formed the Innovation Team Framework (ITF), which represents all of the findings in relation to each other. The EIP is used as the basis for which the other innovation enablers are provided to the innovation teams through an innovation facilitator’s competence throughout the innovation project. The ITF is multidimensional: it could serve as a tool to describe both the simplicity and the complexity when creating an innovation team and forthcoming work and activities. All separate findings within this research contribute to prior research in individual ways, however, the ITF is the main scientific contribution of this study to Innovation management. Practitioners can use the ITF as a complement to already established methodologies for product development or similar; however one should be aware of the limited nature of the data set that served as the basis for analysis and development of the ITF. Further studies regarding the ITF and its detailed models and processes are suggested.
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Moore, Dwayne Robert James. "Pattern and process in wetlands of varying standing crop: The importance of scale." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5784.
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Predicting diversity is a central theme of ecology. In this thesis, two aspects of diversity were explored, number of vegetation types and species richness. In the first chapter, I examined the relationship between number of vegetation types and standing crop in wetlands. Fifteen individually homogeneous wetland sites which represented a broad standing crop gradient were sampled in eastern Canada. There appears to be an inverse relationship between number of vegetation types and standing crop. In chapter 2, I investigated the relationship between species richness and standing crop at two levels of organization: the among vegetation types level and the within vegetation type level. The results indicated that the model of species richness proposed by Grime had predictive power at a coarse-grained level of organization, among vegetation types, but did not survive the transition to a finer-grained level of organization, the within vegetation type level. Therefore, the higher level processes which structure species richness patterns among vegetation types are not the same processes that determine richness patterns within a vegetation type. Numerous forces, abiotic or biotic, can maintain or alter vegetation states and species richness at different levels of organization. In the third chapter, I tested whether these "assembly forces" had the potential to duplicate the patterns observed in chapters 1 and 2 in a large microcosm experiment. Chapter 4 investigated the effects of a disturbance involving the complete removal of above ground vegetation in five wetlands of varying standing crop found on the Ottawa River. The results indicated that the wetland standing crop gradient and the diversity patterns observed along this gradient were likely the result of an underlying natural disturbance gradient. In chapter 5, I considered the results from chapters 1 to 4 with regards to the conservation value, potential threats, and proper management techniques for wetlands, particularly for low standing crop wetlands. In addition to the fifteen wetlands surveyed in chapter 1, additional low standing crop wetland sites from the Georgian Bay area in Ontario and the Tusket River Valley in Nova Scotia were surveyed. The results revealed that low standing crop wetlands had many more nationally rare species than did high standing crop wetlands, in addition to the higher species richness and higher number of vegetation types discussed above. The results of the microcosm experiment revealed that low standing crop wetlands may be severely threatened by eutrophication and by an invasive Eurasian weed, Lythrum salicaria. In each of the five wetland sites examined in the field experiment, L. salicaria exhibited dramatic increases in abundance over the three year observation period. Further, the disturbance treatment at each site did not slow the invasion of L. salicaria, but instead increased the rate of invasion in at least one site. I conclude that low standing crop wetlands, despite their high conservation value, are severely threatened and must be protected from the effects of eutrophication and invasion by Lythrum salicaria. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Barnett, Natalie (Tilly). "The Importance of Cross-Cultural Management in International Business: China and the United States." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/881.
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Attention to cross-cultural management in today’s globalized workplace and marketplace is paramount to professional success. In this exploration I examine the nuances of Chinese business practices and organizational culture as well as their likely points of divergence from American traditions. The variance between organizational culture across national borders is often significant and, as demonstrated by the cases herein, can prove to be either an opportunity to succeed beyond expectation or fail to the same extent.
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Mackie, Kathleen [Verfasser], and Ellen [Akademischer Betreuer] Kandeler. "The importance of soil microorganisms and cover crops for copper remediation in vineyards / Kathleen Mackie. Betreuer: Ellen Kandeler." Hohenheim : Kommunikations-, Informations- und Medienzentrum der Universität Hohenheim, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1063503248/34.
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Svobodova, Petra, and Anna Gnyria. "Cross-cultural differences in marketing communications : The Importance of cross-cultural differences in the marketing communications: Investigated in Central and Eastern Europe." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Avdelningen för företagsekonomi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-27896.
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Despite the globalization and cultures’ convergence, it is scholarly recognized that cross-cultural issues are important in a business context, especially for companies extending their activities internationally. However, existing theory does not provide an explicit answer of how cultural differences between countries influence customers’ perception of different aspects of marketing communication mix. That is why the underlying task of the current paper is to investigate if cross-cultural differences within the same geographic region are big enough to affect customers’ perception of marketing communication mix used. To facilitate a data collection, Central and Eastern European region represented by Ukraine and Czech Republic were chosen. As a reference tourism industry was used, due to its’ current significance, scale and global nature. Data was collected by conducting secondary and primary research, both having quantitative nature. Secondary data was collected through statistical offices and official on-line sources. For the primary research purposes a questionnaire survey was conducted among pre-defined target audience in Czech Republic and Ukraine. 300 responses obtained provided a solid basis for the further analysis. Based on the relevant theory and secondary research findings four hypotheses were developed to address the research question “Does cross-cultural differences within Central and Eastern Europe affect the marketing communication mix in a specific industry?”. The study results provided that cultural differences exist not only between different regions, but also found within the same geographic region. When considered from marketing perspective, they are significant enough to influence customers’ preferences and perceptions of different aspects of marketing communication mix. The results obtained are specific for a particular case, so they can not be applied to some other countries. However, when it comes to marketing communication perceptions, the results can be used as guidelines by other industries then tourism
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Dey, Pannalal. "Search for agriculturally important microorganisms from soils of river basins, forests and crop fields in the terai-dooars of North Bengal and analysis of their diversity." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1423.
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Janse, van Noordwyk H. S. "Perceived importance of retail store image attributes to the female large-size apparel consumer in a multicultural society." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52988.
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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: An opportunity currently exists for retailers to develop store image strategies to target the female large-size apparel consumer market within the multicultural South African consumer society. This exploratory study set out to generate and describe retail store image attributes perceived as important to the female large-size apparel consumer within the South African context, as well as identifying differences and similarities in the perception of these attributes based on race and age group. The study also aimed to determine if the existing store image attribute groupings by Lindquist (1974-1975:31) is applicable when studying the female largesize apparel consumer. Focus groups were used as method of data collection in this study. The sample population (n=37) consisted of account holders who purchased apparel from a specific large-size apparel retail store during a specific time period. Three race groups, namely Africans, Coloureds, and Whites, as well as three age groups i.e. 20-29, 30-39, and 40-54 year age groups were included. Each focus group was homogenous in race and age composition. A facilitator conducted group discussions by following a focus group schedule. The first part of the discussion generated retail store image attributes deemed important by the focus group participants, followed by the rating of the perceived importance of these attributes using the Schutte Visual Scale. The second part of the discussion generated participants' description of Lindquist's nine identified store image attribute groupings, followed by the rating of the perceived importance of each of these attribute groupings using the Schutte Visual Scale. Transcriptions of all the focus group discussions were made. For the first part of the study the transcriptions were compiled into composite lists and refined based on Lindquist's nine attribute groupings. The aggregate ratings for each specific attribute and attribute grouping were calculated. For the second part of the study's results, the descriptions of each of Lindquist's nine attribute groupings was compiled into a single list of descriptive attributes. The aggregate ratings for each of these attributes groupings were calculated. Respondents perceived Merchandise and Clientele the most important attribute groupings in the analysis of all race and age groups, followed by Service, Post-transaction satisfaction, Promotion and Store atmosphere. Institutional factors and Physical facilities were perceived as the least important attribute groupings. No attributes relating to Convenience were generated. In the analysis of race and age groups, Merchandise and Service, followed by Store atmosphere, were perceived as the most important attribute groupings by most of the focus groups. The specific attributes generated by the different groups showed similarities, whereas the rating and definition of these attributes differed. Lindquist's descriptions of the nine attribute groupings were compared to the descriptions of the respondents. Similarities and differences were identified. Recommendations were made to refine and adapt Lindquist's attribute groupings and descriptions to develop a store image research framework that could be more applicable to the female large-size apparel consumer. This exploratory study provides some insight into the perceived importance of retail store image attributes by the female large-size apparel consumer, given the context of a multi-cultural South African society. Recommendations for future research were made and the implications for retailers were outlined.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Daar bestaan tans 'n geleentheid vir kleinhandelaars om 'n winkelbeeld strategie te ontwikkel wat gemik is op die vroulike groter figuur kledingverbruiker binne die multikulturele Suid- Afrikaanse verbruikersamelewing. Hierdie verkennende studie poog om kleinhandel winkelbeeldeienskappe wat deur die vroulike groter figuur kledingverbruiker binne die Suid- Afrikaanse konteks as belangrik beskou word, te genereer en te beskryf, sowel as om die verskille en ooreenkomste in persepsies van die belangrikheid van hierdie eienskappe tussen ras en ouderdomsgroep te identifiseer. Die studie het ook ten doeI om te bepaal of die bestaande winkelbeeldeienskap groeperinge, soos deur Lindquist (1974-1975:31) voorgestel, toepaslik is wanneer die vroulike groter figuur kledingverbruiker bestudeer word. Fokusgroepe is as metode van data-insameling gebruik. Die steekproef (n=37) was rekeninghouers wat aankope gedoen het by 'n bepaalde groter figuur kledingkleinhandelaar binne 'n spesifieke tydsperiode (n=37). Drie rassegroepe naamlik Swartes, Kleurlinge, en Blankes, sowel as drie ouderdomsgroepe te wete 20-29, 30-39, en 40-54-jariges is ingesluit. Elke fokusgroep was homogeen in ras- en ouderdomsamestelling. 'n Fasiliteerder het die fokusgroepbesprekings gevoer deur 'n fokusgroepskedule te volg. Die eerste deel van die bespreking het kleinhandel winkelbeeldeienskappe, wat deur die fokusgroepdeelnemers as belangrik beskou is, gegenereer. Dit is gevolg deur die meting van die respondente se persepsie van die belangrikheid van hierdie eienskappe met behulp van die Schutte Visuele Skaal. Die tweede deel van die bespreking het beskrywings van Lindquist se nege winkelbeeldeienskap groeperinge gegenereer en is gevolg deur die meting van respondente se persepsie van die belangrikheid van hierdie eienskap groeperinge met behulp van die Schutte Visuele Skaal. Transkripsies is van al die fokusgroepbesprekings gemaak. Vir die eerste deel van die studie is die transkripsies in lyste van spesifieke eienskappe saamgestel en georden volgens Lindquist se nege eienskap groeperinge. Die gemiddelde waarde vir elke spesifieke eienskap sowel as vir die eienskap groepering is bereken. Vir die tweede deel van die studie is beskrywings van elk van Lindquist se nege eienskap groepering saamgestel in 'n enkele lys van beskrywende eienskappe. Die gemiddelde waarde vir elk van hierdie eienskap groeperinge is bereken. Respondente beskou Goedere (Merchandise) en Kliëntebasis (Clientele) as die belangrikste eienskap groeperinge in 'n analise van alle ras- en ouderdomsgroepe, gevolg deur Diens (Service), Na-verkoop tevredenheid (Post-transaction satisfaction), Promosie (Promotion) en Winkelatmosfeer (Store atmosphere). Institusionele faktore (Institutional factors) en Fisiese fasiliteite (Physical facilities) is die minste belangrik. Geen eienskappe wat met Gerief (Convenience) verband hou, is gegenereer nie. In die analise van ras- en ouderdomsgroepe is Goedere en Diens, gevolg deur Winkelatmosfeer, as die belangrikste eienskap groeperinge beskou deur meeste van die fokusgroepe. Die spesifieke eienskappe wat deur die verskillende groepe gegenereer is, dui op ooreenkomste, terwyl die gemiddelde waarde en fokus van die eienskappe verskil. Lindquist se beskrywings van die nege eienskap groeperinge is vergelyk met die beskrywings van die respondente. Ooreenkomste en verskille is geïdentifiseer. Voorstelle is gemaak om Lindquist se eienskap groeperinge en beskrywings te verfyn en aan te pas ten einde 'n winkelbeeld navorsingsraamwerk te ontwikkel wat meer toepaslik is op die vroulike groter figuur kledingverbruiker. Hierdie verkennende studie bied insig in die vroulike groter figuur kledingverbruiker se persepsies van die belangrikheid van kleinhandel winkelbeeldeienskappe, gegewe die konteks van 'n multkulturele Suid-Afrikaanse samelewing. Aanbevelings vir verdere navorsing word gemaak en die implikasies vir kleinhandelaars is uitgewys.
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Stahl, Camilla, and Ida Larsson. "How to create social entrepreneurship in the rural highlands of Guatemala : The importance of context and cross sector collaboration." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-119741.
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Background: The importance of creating social and economic value through social entrepreneurship has gained recognition in recent decades. However, the concept has mostly been studied within the Western world, contributing to a skewed perspective of social entrepreneurship, as it also occurs within other contexts. Moreover, the lone actor has been emphasized as the drive for social change. Still, it is argued that it is through several actors within cross sector collaborations that great social impact can be reached. Purpose of the study: The purpose of this Master Thesis is to explore and broaden the understanding of the phenomenon of social entrepreneurship within a developing country. Moreover, the aim of this Master Thesis is to contribute with insights in how cross sector actors are collaborating in order to enable social entrepreneurship. Methodological framework: In order to carry out this Master Thesis a qualitative research approach was chosen. A single case study in the western highlands of Guatemala was carried out. The empirical data was gathered through observations and 18 semi structured interviews. Conclusion: The conducted study acknowledges six contexts: the business, the social, the spatial, the formal institutional, informal institutional and the international influence, which are both enabling and constraining social entrepreneurship. Furthermore, the study reveals four factors of how organizations across sectors and nations are collaborating in order to enable social entrepreneurship: forging initial agreement, building leadership, continuous communication and generation and utilization of resources. The study also reveals the connection of context, cross sector collaboration and social entrepreneurship.
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Kurbel, Jennifer. "I pledge allegiance to the Southern cross? : the importance of multicultural education in today's schools /." Full-text of dissertation on the Internet (246.93 KB), 2010. http://www.lib.jmu.edu/general/etd/2010/masters/kurbelja/kurbelja_masters_04-13-2010_01.pdf.
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Obee, Peter. "Hospital surfaces and their importance in cross contamination and the spread and transmission of bacteria." Thesis, Cardiff Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10369/844.
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Healthcare associated infections (HCAI) place an economic burden on health services, and cause distress to patients and relatives. The recent rise in HCAI rates has been linked to poor standards of environmental hygiene, but clear evidence is lacking. This thesis explores contamination on environmental and other surfaces, how it can be monitored, and its role in the spread of bacteria. Possible control measures and their incorporation into management strategy are also examined. Investigations into different methods for sampling surfaces revealed that sampling efficiency could vary by 1000-fold. Such variation would hamper the management of decontamination intervention and highlights the need for standard methodologies. The decontamination of medical instruments was assessed against an established standard, using methods developed in this study, and failure rates up to 45% were detected. Poor implementation, caused by poor process management and absence of routine monitoring, was a contributory factor. Methods developed in this study were used to investigate the cleaning of ward surfaces. For some sites, benchmark cleaning values for bacteria were exceeded on 86% of occasions, and 100% of occasions for ATP. Simple modifications to cleaning practice produced significant improvements, but disinfectants did not offer advantages over detergents for routine cleaning. Surface touches and their subsequent potential to contribute to the spread of bacteria was quantified using novel methodology, and it was found that the vicinity of the patients‟ beds was of key importance in the transfer of bacteria to patients. Data gathered in preceding work was used to model exposure routes and determine the effect of implementing control measures. Effective hand decontamination reduced the mean transfer of bacteria to patients by 98.7%, but reductions in surface contamination also reduced the spread of bacteria. The benefits of hand decontamination could be undone with 2 touches of contaminated surfaces. Overall, evidence was found to support the theory that hospital surfaces contribute to the spread of bacteria, and that surface cleaning may have some role in the control of HCAI.
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Carlsson, Tomas. "The importance of body-mass exponent optimization for evaluation of performance capability in cross-country skiing." Doctoral thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-102872.
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Introduction Performance in cross-country skiing is influenced by the skier’s ability to continuously produce propelling forces and force magnitude in relation to the net external forces. A surrogate indicator of the “power supply” in cross-country skiing would be a physiological variable that reflects an important performance-related capability, whereas the body mass itself is an indicator of the “power demand” experienced by the skier. To adequately evaluate an elite skier’s performance capability, it is essential to establish the optimal ratio between the physiological variable and body mass. The overall aim of this doctoral thesis was to investigate the importance of body-mass exponent optimization for the evaluation of performance capability in cross-country skiing. Methods In total, 83 elite cross-country skiers (56 men and 27 women) volunteered to participate in the four studies. The physiological variables of maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) and oxygen uptake corresponding to a blood-lactate concentration of 4 mmol∙l-1 (V̇O2obla) were determined while treadmill roller skiing using the diagonal-stride technique; mean oxygen uptake (V̇O2dp) and upper-body power output (Ẇ) were determined during double-poling tests using a ski-ergometer. Competitive performance data for elite male skiers were collected from two 15-km classical-technique skiing competitions and a 1.25-km sprint prologue; additionally, a 2-km double-poling roller-skiing time trial using the double-poling technique was used as an indicator of upper-body performance capability among elite male and female junior skiers. Power-function modelling was used to explain the race and time-trial speeds based on the physiological variables and body mass. Results The optimal V̇O2max-to-mass ratios to explain 15-km race speed were V̇O2max divided by body mass raised to the 0.48 and 0.53 power, and these models explained 68% and 69% of the variance in mean skiing speed, respectively; moreover, the 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the body-mass exponents did not include either 0 or 1. For the modelling of race speed in the sprint prologue, body mass failed to contribute to the models based on V̇O2max, V̇O2obla, and V̇O2dp. The upper-body power output-to-body mass ratio that optimally explained time-trial speed was Ẇ ∙ m-0.57 and the model explained 63% of the variance in speed. Conclusions The results in this thesis suggest that V̇O2max divided by the square root of body mass should be used as an indicator of performance in 15-km classical-technique races among elite male skiers rather than the absolute or simple ratio-standard scaled expression. To optimally explain an elite male skier’s performance capability in sprint prologues, power-function models based on oxygen-uptake variables expressed absolutely are recommended. Moreover, to evaluate elite junior skiers’ performance capabilities in 2-km double-poling roller-skiing time trials, it is recommended that Ẇ divided by the square root of body mass should be used rather than absolute or simple ratio-standard scaled expression of power output.Incorrect ISBN in printed thesis: 973-91-7601-270-3
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Badowski, Tomasz [Verfasser]. "Adaptive importance sampling via minimization of estimators of cross-entropy, mean square, and inefficiency constant / Tomasz Badowski." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1111558868/34.
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Van, Esch Emmy. "Expatriate knowledge sharing: a three dimensional typology and the importance of perceived deep-level similarity /Van Esch Emmy." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2016. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/374.
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As organizations strengthen their presence overseas, the number of expatriates is increasing rapidly (Armstrong, & Li, in press; Brookfield Global Relocation Services, 2015). Expatriates are often used by multinational corporations (MNCs) for knowledge sharing (Fang, Jiang, Makino, & Beamish, 2010; Hocking, Brown, & Harzing, 2004). Knowledge sharing refers to a relational act based on a sender-receiver relationship which involves sending one's knowledge to another as well as receiving another's knowledge (Foss, Minbaeva, Pedersen, & Reinholt, 2009). Effective knowledge sharing is key for MNCs in order to create and sustain competitive advantage (Jensen & Szulanski, 2004; Schwaer, Biemann, & Voelpel, 2012; Wang & Noe, 2010). Given its relevance, organizations invest significant amounts of resources in the development of knowledge-management systems and provide employees with incentives to encourage knowledge sharing (Cabrera, Collins, & Salgado, 2006). MNCs however often face difficulties in encouraging employees to share their knowledge (Cabrera & Cabrera, 2002, 2005) and growing evidence suggests that in international contexts employees are even more reluctant to share their knowledge due to cultural, nationality, ethnicity and linguistic barriers (Gilson, Lim, Luciano, & Choi, 2013; Mäkelä, Andersson, & Seppälä, 2012). It is therefore critical to identify how to enhance knowledge sharing between expatriates and host country national (HCN) colleagues despite the cultural, linguistic, nationality, and ethnicity barriers they may experience when working together (Peltokorpi & Clausen, 2011). The first aim of this dissertation was therefore to identify how to enhance knowledge sharing between expatriates and HCNs. Survey data was collected from 84 expatriate-HCN dyads working in 31 different host countries in all parts of the world. Drawing upon the supplementary person-person (P-P) fit literature, a specific type of person-environment (P-E) fit, it was demonstrated that when expatriates perceive high similarity between themselves and their HCN colleague in terms of deep-level characteristics such as values, personality, goals, and abilities (i.e. high P-P fit) they are more likely to engage in information elaboration which in turn facilitates knowledge sharing. Interpersonal citizenship behaviour was identified as a moderator which increased information elaboration and knowledge sharing even when expatriates perceived low deep-level similarity between themselves and their HCN colleague (i.e. low P-P fit). Furthermore, we do not know what types of knowledge expatriates share with their HCN colleagues (Armstrong & Li, in press) despite the fact that knowledge is often considered as an organization's most important resource (Zander & Kogut, 1995). The second aim of this dissertation was therefore to systematically examine what types of knowledge expatriates share with their HCN colleagues. Survey data was collected from 197 expatriates working in 52 different host countries in all parts of the world. By means of a qualitative content analysis of written descriptions regarding the types of knowledge shared, a three dimensional typology of expatriate knowledge sharing was constructed which identifies the full range of knowledge types shared by expatriates. Three types of knowledge were identified: regulative knowledge, normative knowledge, and cultural-cognitive knowledge, each consisting of several subtypes. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
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DiBenigno, Julia Marie. "Beyond occupational differences : the importance of cross-cutting demographics and dyadic toolkits for collaboration in a US hospital." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/88448.
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Thesis: S.M. in Management Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 58-65).
Scholars of work and occupations have long shown that asking members from different occupations to collaborate with one another is difficult because of differences in status, meanings, and expertise across occupational groups, but they have failed to consider how the demography of the setting affects cross-occupational collaboration. Our 12-month ethnographic study of two units in a US hospital demonstrates the importance of cross-cutting demographics and dyadic toolkits to cross-occupational collaboration. In this paper, we demonstrate that a social structure characterized by cross-cutting demographics between occupational groups (where occupational membership is uncorrelated with demographic group membership) can loosen the occupational identity and status order, thereby creating space for members of cross-occupational dyads (e.g., nurses and patient-care technicians) to draw on other shared social identities (e.g., shared race, age, immigration-status) in their interactions with one another. Drawing on a shared social identity at the dyad level provides members with alternative (nonoccupational) expertise, meanings, status rules, and emotional scripts that facilitate collaboration across occupational differences. These findings about cross-cutting demographics and dyadic toolkits have implications for research on cross-occupational collaboration and demography and intergroup relations.
by Julia Marie DiBenigno.
S.M. in Management Research
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Walden, Emily. "Is a player's role in status determination important? a cross-cultural study of the impact of own and others' actions on ultimatum game decisions /." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/3650.
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Bayar, Emine. "THE IMPORTANCE OF NUTRITION LABEL USAGE IN THE CONTEXT OF OBESITY: A CROSS-COUNTRY STUDY OF THE USA AND TURKEY." Lexington, Ky. : [University of Kentucky Libraries], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10225/1048.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Kentucky, 2009.Title from document title page (viewed on September 16, 2009). Document formatted into pages; contains: vii, 75 p : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-74).
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Hallqvist, Carina. "Passion for Participation : The Importance of Creating Support for Motivation." Doctoral thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi och medier, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-15993.
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This thesis provides a study of an open source software project that focuses on the software development of an e-service in a municipal context. The focus is on environmental factors that either limit or promote the motivation to participate in the open source project, the "Parent-Teacher Meeting" project, a web-based communication and information channel whose purpose is to enhance the contacts between schools and parents. The empirical context is situated at the point where traditional information systems (IS) development meets new perspectives regarding organizational structures and boundaries and, as such, provides example of ongoing cross-organizational activities that break current local organizational standards. The objective of this study is to gain a deeper understanding of motivational factors for participation and adopts a sociocultural view on the topic motivation to participate. The empirical material was collected through interviews, conversations, and meetings. Being a subproject (i.e. an initiative to develop an open source software application) within a triple helix project I found an extensive number of stakeholders. The choice was made to focus on the application development; thereby a central group of participants within the development project team was found and these became the focus within the study. Moreover, I have, in this thesis, chosen to conduct a contextual description of the participants and the course of events that lead to the start of the project of study. This has been done so as to present the context, which is the focus for this study, to the reader and to be able to use these descriptions within the analysis. I have, methodologically, approached the problem from a descriptive angle with an interpretative character using a qualitative case study design. Within the thesis, the means by which the case study has been conducted is presented; i.e. the decision regarding research focus, design, and my role as researcher. In relation to the data collection, the main source has been semi-structured interviews, which is consistent with an interpretive case study character and in which my intent is to highlight conditions and events that are important to both groups within the development team. To support the investigation of those factors that can explain and assist with the interpretation of my empirical data, my description and interpretations are built on a theoretical framework based on concepts from IS theories and theories relating to human motivation. The framework, self-determination theory (SDT), is used as a lens to direct the focus onto the situated conditions that influence how individuals experience their participation within the software development project. Given the theoretical basis of an analytical comparison of ideal types of software development constructs, together with influences from motivational theories, the analytical framework used for collecting occurrences of motivational behavior and sociocultural conditions has been constructed. After the findings and my interpretation of them with the assistance of my analytical framework have been presented, a discussion and conclusions are then detailed. The conclusions of the study are argued as being relevant as an explanation for the understanding of intrinsic and internalized extrinsic motivation to participate in a hybrid open source projects. The study contributes to our understanding of some of the challenges that are to be considered when putting together and managing systems or software development processes. In this way, the study may provide some basis for improving and meeting new demands regarding how development is adopted in a mixed scenario and this provides valuable knowledge to both practice and IS research.Grunden för denna avhandling är en studie av ett öppen källkodsutvecklingsprojekt av en kommunal e-tjänst. Fokus ligger på ett sociokulturellt perspektiv på kontextuella faktorer vilka endera hindrar eller främjar motivation för deltagande. Öppen källkodsprojektet ”Föräldramötet” är en webbaserad kommunikations- och informationskanal vars syfte är att öka och förbättra kontakten mellan hem och skola. Denna empiriska kontext är situerad i en punkt där traditionell IS-utveckling möter nya perspektiv på organisationsstrukturer och gränser samt därigenom ger exempel på pågående tvärorganisatoriska aktiviteter vilka bryter mot nuvarande interna organisationsstandarder. Målet för denna studie är att nå en djupare förståelse för deltagandets motivationsfaktorer och anammar ett sociokulturellt perspektiv på ämnet deltagandemotivation. Det empiriska materialet samlades in genom intervjuer, konversationer samt möten. Då Föräldramötetprojektet är ett underprojekt i ett trippelhelixsammanhang visade det sig initialt finnas ett stort antal intressenter. Det gjordes ett val att fokusera på applikationsutvecklingen; genom vilket en central grupp av deltagare inom utvecklingsprojektet identifierades vilka kom att komma i fokus för denna studie. Vidare har jag i denna avhandling valt att göra en kontextuell beskrivning av deltagarna och den händelsekedja som lett fram till bildandet av det studerade projektet. Detta gjordes för att i enlighet med denna studies fokus belysa sammanhanget för läsaren samt för att använda den inom min analys. Jag har närmat mig problemet från en deskriptiv synvinkel med en tolkande karaktär användande mig av en kvalitativ fallstudiemetod. Inom avhandlingen beskrivs tillvägagångssättet för fallstudiens utförande, t.ex. hur beslut fattats angående forskningsfokus, fallstudiedesign och vad min roll som forskare inneburit. I relation till datainsamlingen, har den huvudsakliga källan varit halvstrukturerade intervjuer. Dessa har varit i konsekvens med en uttolkande fallstudiemetod och har i enlighet med min avsikt utformats för att belysa villkor och händelser som har varit betydande för bägge grupperingarna inom projektgruppen. För att stödja undersökningen av de faktorer som kan förklara och hjälpa med tolkningen av mina empiriska data, har jag byggt mina beskrivningar och tolkningar på ett teoretiskt ramverk baserat på koncept från IS-teorier och teorier relaterade till mänsklig motivation. Det teoretiska ramverket ”self-determination theory” (SDT), används som en lins för att rikta brännpunkten mot de villkor som styr hur individer upplever deras deltagande inom det studerade mjukvaruutvecklingsprojektet. Givet den teoretiska bas, som bygger på analytisk karaktärisering av idealtyper av mjukvaruutvecklingsmodeller sammantaget med influenser från motivationsteorier, har ett analytiskt ramverk, för att inhämta instanser av motiverat beteende och sociokulturella villkor, utvecklats. Efter att ha redogjort för upptäckterna och mina tolkningar av dem, med hjälp av mitt analytiska ramverk, presenteras en detaljerad diskussion med slutsatser. Jag argumenterar för att dessa slutsatser är relevanta som en förklaring för förståelsen av inre samt internaliserad yttre motivation för deltagande inom detta öppen källkodsprojekt av hybridnatur. Studien bidrar till vår förståelse för vissa av de utmaningar som måste beaktas när man ska hantera system eller utvecklingsprocesser. På detta sätt kan studien bidra med en bas för att förbättra och möta nya krav på hur utveckling bedrivs i blandade miljöer och även med kunskap för både praktik och IS-forskning.
PECOI
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Zagorisiou, Angeliki. "Cross-border banking and the importance of parents banks' performance for subsidiaries' credit extensions: evidence derived from a newly constructed database." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/463325.
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The systemic role of foreign banks in the CESEE region coupled with the turbulence in financial markets back in 2008, have given rise to the study at hand. Some years after the global crisis, it is a perfect moment to conduct an overarching analysis of the parent-subsidiary relationship and to examine how those banks behave at micro level. Firstly, the study discerns between different types of foreign ownership and explores their propensity to extend credit vis-à-vis their domestic owned competitors. Secondly it focuses on banks, which are members of foreign financial groups and which constitute the vast majority of foreign owned banks with operations in the CESEE region. It investigates whether the parent level can explain any of the variation of subsidiaries' capability to extend credit. Thirdly it looks into the particular parent bank characteristics with an influence on subsidiaries credit growth. Fourthly it researches whether the ownership effect changes after the crisis. Finally, it investigates the effect of the business cycle on subsidiaries' credit extensions and how the business cycle of the home country of the parent bank matters.
A prerequisite for this investigation is the understanding of the actual ownership structure and changes. Banking sectors in the region are rather dynamic and characterized by entries, exits and changes of ownership, while major corporate restructuring has taken place at the parent level too. Therefore the present study is grounded in a unique and new database, which complements the empirical literature in several ways. It has both a wide geographical and sectorial coverage, while it has adopted a more thorough definition of foreign ownership that captures the cross border relationships at full extent. It identifies the ultimate owner of each subsidiary bank, instead of focusing only on the direct ownership. The final sample spans over the period 2000-2014 and includes 323 banks (domestic and subsidiary banks) operating in 18 countries of Central Eastern and Central Eastern Europe (CEESE) and 84 ultimate owner banks (parents). The empirical exploration is divided into three logical steps. First, the study provides insights on the impact of foreign ownership on host countries’ credit growth. Credit growth is modeled in a dynamic framework employing GMM estimation methodologies and accounting for ownership, individual bank characteristics as well as macroeconomic effects. Second, it is investigated the homogeneity of loan growth across subsidiaries belonging to the same international financial group (parent), operating in different markets. In this step a Crossed Random Effects Model is employed. By doing so, it is proved that there is an omitted common effect across the subsidiaries. Therefore the empirical models employed above, can produce consistent estimates of the credit growth of subsidiaries only if controls are added for those factors. Which leads to the third step. In the dynamic credit growth model are added further parent bank variables/controls as well as parent related such as the country of origin of the parent and the macroeconomic conditions in the home country. Estimation results indicate that all types of foreign participation in the ownership structure are crucial to the performance of the subsidiary. However, members of foreign financial groups are bearing the largest influence and most significant one. Given that they constitute the largest category of foreign owners, it is crucial to investigate further their behavior. Subsidiaries' credit behavior cannot be viewed in isolation. To the contrary, it needs to be framed into the operating landscape, which includes the linkages to foreign entities and their economies.
Subsidiaries' profitability has been found significant only rarely. Therefore, subsidiaries do not fund their growth through their own profits. This indicates a longer-term expansion strategy of parents in the region, whereby current profitability at the domestic level is a secondary parameter. Parents' asset quality (loan impairment charges) is a relevant determinant of credit growth at subsidiary level. Loan impairment charges are also at subsidiary level significant. Loan impairments are the result of the project screening intelligence at consolidated level. The global financial crisis determined losses for banks and a deterioration of their loan portfolio. The measure of loan impairments and their effect on credit growth capture intrinsic characteristics of parents such as their ability to manage their portfolios and choose to finance profitable projects. Finally, a peer group analysis unveils that risky behaviors at the parent bank level jeopardize future credit extensions at the subsidiary level. Specifically, excessive credit expansion and reduction of economic capital ratios lead to a decline in subsidiaries' lending capacity in three years’ time. Overall, the presence of foreign banks in the CESEE region is judged as beneficial. Parent banks originated from flourishing economies benefit the host countries, through further extensions of credit by their subsidiaries. Indeed, they have contributed to a contraction of credit after the global financial crisis. Yet, their reaction was less pronounced compared with the contraction exercised by domestic banks.El papel sistémico de los bancos extranjeros en la región de Centro-Europa y Europa Oriental (CESEE), junto con la turbulencia de los mercados financieros en 2008, han dado lugar al estudio actual. Algunos años después de la crisis global, es un momento perfecto para llevar a cabo un análisis global de la relación banco matriz–filial y para examinar cómo se comportan esos bancos a nivel microeconómico.
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Yu, Kang Verfasser], Georg [Akademischer Betreuer] [Bareth, and Karl [Akademischer Betreuer] Schneider. "Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of Crop Canopy Chlorophyll and Nitrogen: The Relative Importance of Growth Stages / Kang Yu. Gutachter: Georg Bareth ; Karl Schneider." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1054420483/34.
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Eyjolfsdottir, Harpa Sif. "Social capital, self-rated health and the importance of sleep : The case of Iceland in 2007 and 2009." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Centrum för forskning om ojämlikhet i hälsa (CHESS), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-77285.
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The frequently studied concept of social capital has often been related to health, but theconceptualisationand measurement of the conceptisanon-goingdebate. The main aim of this thesis is to study the relationship of four different indicators of social capital; informal social capital, formal social capital, trust towards institutions and trust towards others, with self-rated physical health and self-rated mental health in Iceland in 2009, shortly after a harsh economic crash. Insomnia symptoms will be studied as a possible mediator or moderator in the relationship. Furthermore, longitudinal data on informal social capital will be used to see the causal effect of social capital on health and to see if informal social capital decreased after the economic collapse. Population-based panel data from Iceland in 2007 and 2009 will be used to perform both cross-sectional analysis (n = 3,243) and longitudinal analysis (n = 3,131). The main results are that the four indicators of social capital all relate differently to physical and mental self-rated health, and insomnia symptoms seem to mediate the relationship between social capital and health, especially physical health. Surprisingly, informal social capital did increase during the economic collapse. The panel analysis further suggests that having poor informal social capital has causal effects on poor self-rated mental health when adjusted for symptoms of insomnia, age, gender, family status, education and smoking.
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Karber, Candice Tara. "The importance of racial concordance and the childhood experiences of Black students and practicing clinicians in the field of social work : a project based upon an independent investigation /." View online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10090/5904.
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Dakin, John. "Country of origin effect and the image of Third World manufactured goods exporters : an example from Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of Derby, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10545/224911.
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This thesis reports research in the Country-of-Origin (COO) area of international business, into the postulated phenomenon of Negative Image. Image has been regarded as a potential purchase decision influencing factor but to date not investigated in-depth. Research was carried out in the business to business area, across cultures and between developed and developing countries, using an example from Zimbabwe. The primary research methodology comprised semi-structured elite interviews with Zimbabwean footwear exporters and UK footwear importers. A questionnaire incorporating sections on topics related to the international image of manufactured goods exporters based in Third World countries was also administered to the UK footwear importers. This dealt with political, commercial and image aspects of importer-exporter relationships and also addressed directly the issue of Third World businessmen's image. Results from the field work demonstrate that the Negative Image of Third World manufactured goods exporters directly affects importer decision making and that Negative Image has an exclusively negative impact. Data from inductive analysis of interviews and supporting correlations arising from the questionnaire were used to construct a model of the relationships and formalise the concepts and constructs of Negative Image. These included disparities in exporter and importer expectations of quality, price, delivery and performance. In addition unreliability, inefficiency, professionalism, lack of both marketing skills and social conversation contribute to the phenomenon. A potential conflict was identified at the individual level between personal and professional perspectives and a reciprocal Negative Image of importers was identified from the Zimbabwean exporters' perspective. Suggestions are made regarding the key factors in exporter-importer relationship development and conclusions are then drawn suggesting that improvement to levels of importer-exporter contacts and information flows can be useful in ameliorating the Negative Image effect. Scenarios for image improvement are offered at government, firm and individual levels. Finally, limitations of the research are discussed and recommendations for further research are given
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Duthoit, Sylvie. "Prise en compte de l'agrégation des cultures dans la simulation du transfert radiatif : importance pour l'estimation de l'indice foliaire (LAI), de la parcelle au paysage." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30230.
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L'indice foliaire (LAI) est une variable clé pour l'étude du fonctionnement des surfaces végétales car elle conditionne les échanges de carbone et d'eau avec l'atmosphère. Les méthodes de mesures indirectes fournissent des estimations de LAI à partir de mesures de la fraction de trou in situ. Les méthodes d'estimation du LAI par inversion de modèle de réflectance à partir de données satellitaires utilisent généralement des modèles unidimensionnels car ils nécessitent peu de paramètres d'entrée. Dans les deux cas, les modèles reposent sur l'hypothèse que les éléments sont distribués de façon aléatoire au sein du couvert, ce qui est rarement le cas en réalité. Dans ce contexte, le travail réalisé a pour objectif principal d'évaluer l'apport de l'utilisation d'un coefficient d'agrégation dans la simulation du transfert radiatif de couverts végétaux hétérogènes, en vue d'améliorer les estimations de LAI par inversion de modèles turbides. Dans la première partie du travail, nous avons évalué les estimations de LAI fournies par le logiciel de traitement de photographies hémisphériques CAN_EYE, dont l'intérêt principal est d'estimer le LAI avec ou sans prise en compte de l'agrégation des feuilles. L'évaluation a été réalisée par comparaison avec des mesures destructives effectuées sur des cultures de blé, maïs et tournesol. Les résultats montrent que l'utilisation d'un coefficient d‘agrégation permet d'améliorer sensiblement les estimations de LAI. Toutefois, l'analyse suggère que le calcul du coefficient d'agrégation dans CAN_EYE avec la méthode de Lang et Xiang (1986) doit être amélioré. Dans la deuxième partie du travail, nous avons analysé si l'introduction d'un coefficient d'agrégation dans un modèle de réflectance unidimensionnel permettait d'améliorer les simulations de la réflectance bidirectionnelle (FDRB), à l'échelle de la parcelle et du paysage. Pour cela, nous avons pris comme référence des simulations de FDRB issues d'un modèle 3D, le modèle DART (Gastellu et al. , 1996). A l'échelle de la parcelle, nous avons montré l'intérêt du coefficient d'agrégation pour simuler la FDRB d'une parcelle de maïs dans la bande spectrale du rouge. Dans le PIR, l'utilisation d'un modèle unidimensionnel donne de meilleurs résultats. A l'échelle d'un paysage agricole, l'hétérogénéité sub-parcellaire semble être le facteur primordial et sa prise en compte avec un coefficient d'agrégation dans le rouge permet d'améliorer les simulations de la FDRB avec un modèle unidimensionnel. Une étude préliminaire a permis de mettre en évidence que les estimations de LAI par inversion pourraient être sensiblement améliorées si ce coefficient est introduit pour simuler la FDRB dans le visibleThe leaf area index (LAI) is a key variable involved in many biophysical processes. Indirect measurements methods provide LAI estimations from in situ gap fraction measurements. Inversion of reflectance models provides LAI estimations from satellite data with high repetitivity on large areas; the models usually used are one-dimensional because few entry parameters are needed. In both cases, these models assume that the foliage elements are randomly distributed, that is not the case in most of the canopies. The main objective of this work is to evaluate if the use of a clumping index in radiative transfer models could improve the simulations for heterogeneous canopies, in order to provide better LAI estimations. In the first part of the work, we evaluate LAI estimations provided by the analysis of hemispherical photographs with the CAN_EYE software; it provides LAI estimations assuming leaves randomly distributed or taking into account the canopy heterogeneity with a clumping index. The evaluation is done by comparison with destructive measurements carried out over wheat, maize and sunflower crops. The main results show that the LAI estimations are improved when using the clumping index, but its calculation with the Lang and Xiang method (1986) must be done with great care according to the species. Possible improvements for its calculation are discussed. The second part of the work concerns the analysis of BRDF simulations at field and landscape scales. Taking BRDF simulations with a 3D model as references (the DART model, Gastellu et al. , 1996), we show first that the use of a clumping index in a one dimensional reflectance model generally improves field BRDF simulations for a maize canopy in the red spectral band. In the near infra red, we have best results when the canopy is considered as homogeneous. At the landscape scale, the changes in agricultural land use seem to be the main factor of heterogeneity and this heterogeneity could be partially taken into account with a clumping factor used to simulate BRDF in the visible spectral band. A preliminary study allows us to conclude that LAI estimations from reflectance models could be improved
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Munoz, Laura C. V. "Spreading The Char: The Importance of Local Compatibility in the Diffusion of Biochar Systems to the Smallholder Agriculture Community Context." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/102.
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This thesis enters the context of smallholder agriculture communities in the developing world. It explores the potentials of biochar and what biochar systems could bring to the smallholder communities while simultaneously bringing environmental benefits. It then acknowledges the challenges of diffusion –the spreading of an unfamiliar innovation. It seeks to answer the question of what will make diffusion of biochar systems more successful in the smallholder context, fixating on the characteristic of compatibility as well as the role local community members can play in making a new biochar system more visible to the rest of the communities.
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Mancini, Melina Cristina 1983. "Construção de um mapa funcional e detecção de QTLs de importância econômica em uma população derivada de cruzamento bi-parental entre duas variedades comerciais em cana-de-açúcar = Functional genetic map construction and QTL of economic importance detection in a derived bi-parental cross between two commercial sugarcane varieties." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/316487.
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Orientadores: Anete Pereira de Souza, Antonio Augusto Franco GarciaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: A crescente busca por variedades de cana-de-açúcar com maior produtividade e resistentes às principais doenças consiste em um importante objetivo para o sucesso de um programa de melhoramento. Assim, a utilização de marcadores moleculares na identificação de locos que controlam características quantitativas (QTLs ¿ Quantitative Trait Loci) vêm ganhando cada vez mais destaque no programas de melhoramento genético. A presente tese teve como objetivo contribuir para o conhecimento básico sobre a genética e a biologia molecular da cana-de-açúcar através da detecção de marcadores ligados a características quantitativas. Foi utilizado uma população de cana-de-açúcar contendo 240 indivíduos F1 derivada do cruzamento entre as variedades comerciais SP81-3250 e RB925345. Para detectar os QTLs foi necessário realizar estudos fenotípicos e genotípicos. Foram coletados dados fenotípicos para as características de produção (altura, diâmetro, número e peso dos colmos) e de qualidade (sólidos solúveis, teor de sacarose do caldo e do colmo, pureza do caldo, teor de fibra) por três anos (2011, 2012 e 2013) nos municípios de Araras e Ipaussu, estado de São Paulo. Através de modelos mistos foi estimada a média, matriz de variância e covariância (VCOV), herdabilidade e a correlação fenotípica entre as características. Os resultados apresentados mostraram um ótimo controle ambiental, com menor valor de herdabilidade para pureza (0,77), além de 30 correlações fenotípicas significativas, confirmando que estes dados podem ser utilizados na detecção dos QTLs. Os dados genotípicos foram obtidos através da análise das regiões contendo microssatélites e de variações genéticas de único nucleotídeo, pelos marcadores SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat) e SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism), respectivamente. A genotipagem dos SNPs foi realizada por espectrometria de massa pela Plataforma Sequenom MassARRAY® (Sequenom Inc., San Diego, California, USA). A análise foi realizada utilizando o programa SuperMASSA, que possibilitou estimar a ploidia dos locos. Assim, as marcas SNPs foram utilizadas na detecção dos QTLs para as características de produção e de qualidade. Por regressão linear foram encontradas 17 evidências de associação de QTL entre diâmetro dos colmos (quatro evidências), número de colmos (uma evidência), peso dos colmos (uma evidência), conteúdo de sólidos solúveis (duas evidências), teor de sacarose do caldo (três evidências), pureza (duas evidências), toneladas de cana por hectare (duas evidências) e toneladas de Pol por hectare (duas evidências). A proporção da variação fenotípica explicada pelo genótipo variou de 1,6% a 11,1%. Todos os SNPs que apresentaram associações com as características mencionadas tiveram os níveis de ploidia variando de hexaploide a dodecaploide. Por correlação genotípica-fenotípica, foi detectado sete evidências de associação de QTL entre diâmetro dos colmos (uma evidência), conteúdo de sólidos solúveis (duas evidências), teor de sacarose da cana (uma evidência), teor de sacarose do caldo (duas evidências) e pureza (uma evidência). Os SNPs detectados com correlações genotípica-fenotípica significativas apresentaram níveis de ploidia variando tetradecaploide a icosaploide. As diferentes ploidias permitiu a detecção de QTLs em multi-dose e podem ser usadas como informações prévias sobre os prováveis QTLs, contribuindo para o avanço do conhecimento da genética da cana-de-açúcar
Abstract: The increasing search for sugarcane varieties with higher productivity and resistant to major diseases is an important goal for the success of Sugarcane Breeding Program. Thus, molecular markers can be used to identify Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) and have become a powerful tool in Breeding Programs. This thesis aimed to contribute for the basic knowledge of genetics and molecular biology in sugarcane through detection of markers linked to quantitative traits. Was used a sugarcane population consisted of 240 F1 individuals derived from a cross between SP81-3250 and RB925345. To detect the QTLs it was necessary to perform phenotypic and genotypic studies. The phenotypic data were made for cane yield (stalk diameter, stalk height, stalk number, stalk weight and tons of cane per hectare) and quality traits (soluble solid content, sucrose content, juice sucrose content, purity, fiber and tons of Pol per hectare) for three harvest years (2011, 2012 and 2013) in Araras and Ipaussu cities, located in the state of São Paulo. The average, variance and covariance matrix (VCOV), heritability and phenotypic correlation was estimated via mixed models. All results showed a great environmental control, the lowest heritability was purity (0.77), besides 30 significant phenotypic correlations. confirming that these data can be used for QTLs detection. The genotypic data were obtained analyzing the regions containing microsatellites and single nucleotide genetic variants, by the markers SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat) and SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism), respectively. The SNPs genotyping were performed via mass spectrometry by Sequenom MassARRAY® platform (Sequenom Inc., San Diego, California, USA). The analysis was performed using the SuperMASSA software allowing to estimate the loci ploidy. The SNPs markers were used for QTL detection for cane yield and quality traits. By linear regression 17 QTL association evidences were found for stalk diameter (four evidences), stalk number (one evidence), stalk weight (one evidence), soluble solid content (two evidences), juice sucrose content (three evidences), purity (two evidences), tons of cane per hectare (two evidences) and tons of Pol per hectare (two evidences). The phenotypic variation explained by genotype ranged from 1.6% to 11.1%. The SNPs associated with the traits mentioned had ploidy levels ranging from hexaploid to dodecaploide. Via genotypic-phenotypic correlation, it was detected seven QTL evidence of association for stalk diameter (one evidence), soluble solid content (two evidences), sucrose content (one evidence), juice sucrose content (two evidences) and purity (one evidence). The SNPs detected significant genotypic-phenotypic correlations showed ploidy levels ranging from tetradecaploide to icosaploide. The different ploidies allowed the detection of QTLs in multi-dose and can be used as prior information about QTL mapping, contributing to the advancement of the sugarcane genetics knowledge
Doutorado
Genetica Vegetal e Melhoramento
Doutora em Genética e Biologia Molecular
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Chauvin, Anthony. "Développement et évaluation d'interventions visant à améliorer le processus de « peer-review » en recherche biomédicale The most important tasks for peer reviewers evaluating a randomized controlled trial are not congruent with the tasks most often requested by journal editors Impact of interventions to improve the quality of peer review of biomedical journals: a systematic review and meta-analysis A protocol of a cross-sectional study evaluating an online tool for early career peer reviewers assessing reports of randomised controlled trials." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB215.
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Le processus de « peer-review » est considéré comme la pierre angulaire de la publication scientifique. Or, des travaux ont démontré que les évaluations des peer-reviewers sont souvent discordantes, qu’ils ne parviennent pas à détecter la fraude, les erreurs et que leur évaluation est influencée par les résultats. L’objectif de ce travail de thèse était d’explorer et de repenser le processus de la peer-review éditoriale. Dans un premier temps, nous avons identifié les tâches attendues des peer-reviewers lors de l'évaluation d'un manuscrit rapportant un essai contrôlé randomisé et, comparé l’importance de ces tâches selon le point de vue des peer-reviewers et des éditeurs. Notre étude a permis de démontrer que les tâches les plus importantes pour les peer-reviewers n'étaient pas conformes aux tâches les plus souvent demandées par les éditeurs. Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons réalisé une revue systématique ainsi qu’une méta-analyse des essais contrôlés randomisés évaluant une intervention visant à améliorer la qualité de la peer-review dans les journaux biomédicaux. Nous avons identifié 22 essais contrôlés randomisés qui ont évalué 5 interventions. Ces essais incluaient un faible nombre de participants, étaient pour la majorité monocentriques, et avaient des biais qui limitaient l’interprétation de leurs résultats. Enfin, nous avons développé et évalué un outil d’aide à la réalisation de la peer-review d’essais randomisés, associé à une formation en ligne. Cet outil vise spécifiquement à évaluer la qualité de la présentation des essais, c’est-à-dire le respect des recommandations du CONSORT statement (i.e., recommandations internationales exigées par les éditeurs pour rapporter les essais randomisés de façon complète et transparente). Nous avons comparé la performance de jeunes peer-reviewers formés utilisant l’outil, avec la performance de reviewers ayant évalué le manuscrit dans le cadre du processus de peer-review classique. Nous avons inclus 120 essais contrôlés randomisés. Nos résultats ont mis en évidence que l'outil a amélioré le nombre d’items correctement classés par manuscrit par les jeunes peer-reviewers. Cette constatation suggère que l'utilisation d'une checklist de type CONSORT se focalisant sur certains items précis pourrait améliorer la qualité du processus de peer-review, et donc la qualité du manuscrit publié. À l’issue de ce travail, nous proposons de repenser le processus de peer-review qui pourrait être réalisé en 2 étapes avec : des peer-reviewers juniors évaluant le respect des recommandations du CONSORT statement et des reviewers expérimentés évaluant la méthodologie et la pertinence de la questionThe peer-review process is a cornerstone of biomedical research publication. However, studies have shown that peer-reviewers' evaluations are often discordant, that they fail to detect fraud, errors and that their evaluation is influenced by the results. The objective of this thesis work was to explore and rethink the process of peer-review editorial. As a first step, we identified the tasks expected of peer-reviewers when evaluating a randomized controlled trial report and compared the importance of these tasks from the points of view of peer-reviewers and editors. Our study showed that the most important tasks for peer reviewers were not congruent with the tasks most often requested by journal editors in theirs guidelines to reviewers. In a second step, we conducted a systematic review and a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials evaluating an intervention aimed at improving the quality of peer-review in biomedical journals. We identified 22 randomized controlled trials that evaluated 5 interventions. These trials included a small number of participants, were mostly monocentric and had biases that limited the interpretation of their results. Finally, we have developed and evaluated a tool to help achieve the peer-review of randomized trials associated with online training. This tool is specifically aimed at evaluating the quality of the reporting that means the compliance with the recommendations of the CONSORT statement (i.e., international recommendations required by publishers to report randomized trials in a complete and transparent manner). We compared the performance of young trained peer-reviewers using the tool with the performance of reviewers evaluating the manuscript as part of the usual peer-review process. We included 120 randomized controlled trials. Our results showed that the tool improved the number of items correctly classified per manuscript by young peer-reviewers. This finding suggests that the use of a CONSORT checklist focusing on specific items could improve the quality of the peer-review process, and thus the quality of the published manuscript. At the end of this work, we propose to rethink the peer-review process that could be carried out in 2 stages with junior peer-reviewers assessing compliance with the recommendations of the CONSORT statement and experienced reviewers evaluating the methodology and relevance of the question
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Wang, Lanjiao. "Résistance aux insecticides : importance dans la transmission du virus chikungunya par les moustiques Aedes aegypti Cost of insecticide resistance for mosquito life-history traits and vector capacity Chikungunya virus dissemination in associated with deltamethrin resistance in Aedes aegypti laboratory lines Multiple-resistance and cross-resistance in deltamethrin-selected Aedes-Aegypti Insofemale-line Successes and failures of sixty years of vector control in French Guiana : what is the next step ?" Thesis, Guyane, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018YANE0007.
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Le moustique Aedes aegypti est le vecteur principal du Chikungunya, en l'absence de vaccins efficaces et de traitements disponibles, la lutte anti-vectorielle reste la stratégie principale de prévention et de défense pour le contrôle de la maladie. Néanmoins le problème de la résistance aux insecticides est en train de s'aggraver, notamment à cause de l’augmentation de la fréquence des luttes chimiques contre les intenses épidémies d’arbovirus, frappant partout dans le monde. Nous voulons comprendre l’importance de la résistance à l’insecticide dans le contexte de la transmission du virus Chikungunya par les moustiques Aedes aegypti.A partir de la population de moustiques de l’Ile Royale considérée comme la population la moins résistante en Guyane, 4 lignées de moustiques IR03, IR05, IR13 et IR 36 présentant différents profils de résistance à l’insecticide deltaméthrine ont été isolées, des tests biologiques et moléculaires ont été réalisés pour caractériser les mécanismes de résistance au niveau de leur phénotype et de leur génotype. Les résultats montrent que IR03 n'a qu'une résistance métabolique, que IR05 possède à la fois les résistances kdr et métabolique, et que IR13/36 est doté d’une faible résistance métabolique.Plus de 600 femelles ont été infectées oralement par le virus Chikungunya en utilisant un système de gorgement artificiel. Pour chaque individu, 3 séries d’échantillons (l’intestin moyen, la tête et la salive) sont récoltés indépendamment pour y quantifier le virus, afin de définir sa compétence vectorielle par trois paramètres : le taux d’infection, le taux de dissémination et le taux de transmission. Les résultats montrent qu’il existe des différences significatives dans la compétence vectorielle, plus spécifiquement dans le taux de dissémination de l'intestin moyen à tout le corps du moustique au fil du temps, qui est plus bas dans la lignée la plus résistante.Ensuite, pour étudier les interactions entre les mécanismes résistants et la barrière de l’intestin moyen, les niveaux d’expression de certains gènes (CYP 6BB2, CYP 6N12, GST2, Trypsine) qui sont associés directement ou indirectement à la résistance à la deltaméthrine ont été mesurés sur des intestins moyens datant de 7 jours après le repas sanguin infectieux, que la tête soit positive ou négative. En complétant ces niveaux d’expression avec l’information du génotype kdr, les résultats montrent que la surexpression des enzymes de détoxification et l’existence des mutations kdr pourraient avoir un effet significatif sur la dissémination du virus dans le corps des moustiques.Enfin, concernant le coût de la résistance qui est un des facteurs important pour évaluer la capacité vectorielle des moustiques résistants, les lignées isofemelles se manifestent plus clairement en termes de reproduction de la population (temps de ponte, fécondité et fertilité) que de développement des stades immatures y compris avec le temps de développement larvaire, les larves et les nymphes mortes, et le sex ratio.En conclusion, toutes les données obtenues fournissent une meilleure compréhension sur l'existence des interactions entre la résistance aux insecticides et la capacité vectorielle chez les moustiques. Même si plus de manipulations concernant des validations fonctionnelles ou des recherches plus approfondies peuvent être déclenchées sur la base de ces travaux, nous avons déjà plus d’informations pour aider à adapter ou améliorer la réponse de la lutte anti-vectorielle, afin d’établir le meilleur compromis entre l’efficacité de la lutte et l’augmentation de la résistanceThe mosquito Aedes aegypti is well known as the main vector of Chikungunya, in absence of effective vaccinations and available treatments, mosquito control strategy remains the principal prevention and defense measures for disease control. Nevertheless, the problem of resistance to insecticides is worsening especially because of more and more frequent chemical fights against intense arbovirus outbreaks in the world. We are interested in understanding the effects of resistance in the context of transmission of the disease, and struggle to establish the reasonable compromise between the effectiveness of the vector control strategy and the increase in resistance.From the mosquito population of Ile Royale which was considered as the least resistant population in French Guiana, 4 mosquito lines IR03, IR05, IR13 and IR36 with different resistance profiles to the deltamethrin insecticide have been isolated successfully, biologic and molecular tests were carried out to characterize the resistance mechanisms between them in regarding with their phenotypes and genotypes. The results indicated that IR03 presented only a metabolic resistance, that IR05 harboured both kdr and metabolic resistance, and that IR13/36 showed a moderate metabolic resistance.More than 600 females were orally infected with Chikungunya virus using an artificial engorged system. For each individual, 3 sets of samples (midgut, head and saliva) are collected independently to quantify the presence of virus, in order to define its vector competence by three parameters: the infection rate, the dissemination rate and the transmission rate. The results show that there were significant differences in vector competence, more specifically between the dissemination rate from the midgut to the head over time, which is lower in the more resistant line.Then, expression level of certain genes (CYP 6BB2, CYP 6N12, GST2, Trypsin) which were associated with deltamethrin resistance were measured on the midgut at 7 days after infectious blood meal. Combined with the information of the kdr genotype, we propose that different mechanisms of resistance can influence not only the barrier of the midgut, but also affect the entire spread pathway of the virus to develop in the mosquito body from the midgut to the saliva.Finally, regarding the cost of resistance, the isofemale lines manifested more clearly in terms of population reproduction than immature development including larval development time, larval and nymphal mortality, and the sex ratio post-emergence.Overall, although this research requires more functional validations or supporting experimentations, the data obtained could provide a better understanding of the interactions between insecticide resistance and vector capacity in mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and supply some useful information to improve the current vector control
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Ferrier, Jonathan. "Ethnobotany, Pharmacology, and Metabolomics of Antidiabetic Plants used by the Eeyou Istchee Cree, Lukomir Highlanders, and Q’eqchi’ Maya." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30441.
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A study was undertaken of plants used for treatment of diabetic symptoms by traditional healers of the Eeyou Istchee Cree (Canada), Lukomir Highlanders (Bosnia & Herzegovina), and Q’eqchi’ Maya (Belize). All antidiabetic plants were ranked by syndromic importance value (SIV) based on 15 symptoms, all of which were recognized by the Cree and Maya and 8 by the Highlanders. The Cree used only 18 species, the Highlanders 41, and the Maya 150, numbers which reflect the diversity of flora in their region. Vaccinium (Ericaceae) was one of the few genera in all three regions and the only consensus genus between the Cree and Highlander study sites. The Q’eqchi’ Maya ethnobotany did not present any cross-cultural consensus genera with Cree or Highlander medicinal plants, perhaps due to major biogeographic differences. In ethnopharmacological studies, Vaccinium species and Q’eqchi’ antidiabetic plants were tested in an assay relevant to diabetes, the advanced glycation endproduct (AGE) inhibition assay. Boreal and tropical Vaccinium species were potent inhibitors of AGEs and demonstrated concentration dependent inhibition, with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) range of 5.93–100 µg/mL. Phenolic content ranged from 80.3 to 201 µg/mL in boreal samples and from 1470 to 2170 µg/mL in tropical samples. Tropical species have a greater phenolic content and AGE inhibition. Seven Q’eqchi’ antidiabetic plant species were tested and all plant extracts showed AGE-inhibition. The IC50s ranged from 40.8 to 733 µg/mL, and the most active was Tynanthus guatemalensis Donn.. Tynanthus guatemalensis IC50 was about fives times greater (less active) than the mean ± SE IC50 reported for six tropical Vaccinium species of Vaccinium (8.77 ± 0.79 μg/mL).
The highest consensus and most active Maya antidiabetic plant, Tynanthus guatemalensis Donn. Sm. was discovered to be an important plant recorded in archeological artifacts from the Late Classic Maya period (~750 CE). Ancient Maya used a cross shaped sign (k’an glyph) as a decorative element on Late Classic polychrome vessels and murals. The sign was believed to be the xylem template for a plant used as a flavouring in cacao drinks. However, the plant was incorrectly identified in the literature as Pimenta dioica (L.) Merr. (common name: Allspice) based on a common name and aromatic plant quality – not from a botanical voucher specimen. Pimenta dioica wood does not have a cross shape visible in the xylem but a unique character visible after a cross section of T. guatemalensis, is the xylem's cross shape organization. Wood of T. guatemalensis' also has an "allspice" aroma. Tynanthus guatemalensis is most likely the true botanical template behind the ancient Maya k’an glyph and this finding would show the continuity of use of this medicinal plant from ancient to modern times.
Vaccinium was selected for an in depth phytochemical analysis using modern metabolomic methods. Nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) was used to evaluate leaf extract spectra to provide information on (1) the taxonomic identity and (2) quantities of bioactive metabolites across multiple sites. Spectra clearly differentiated leaf samples of V. angustifolium, V. boreale, V. corymbosum, V. macrocarpon, V. myrtilloides, V. myrtillus, V. ovalifolium, and V. uliginosum according to generic, subgeneric, specific, phenotypic circumscriptions. Quantification of chlorogenic acid and hyperoside were replicated with a method that is highly reproducible across multiple sites with different NMR equipment. This methodology provides an important new approach to taxonomy and quality control for plants and natural health products.
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Yan, Xin Fu, and 嚴新富. "A study of wild species related to important horticultural crops in Taiwan." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73179171262110105150.
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Chen-Hsu, Yu-Ling, and 陳許玉鈴. "Molecular cloning and sequencing for coat protein genes of four important viruses infecting cucurbit and vegetable crops." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14138777715378708874.
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碩士國立高雄師範大學
生物科學研究所
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ZYMV, PRSV-W, TuMV-TW and BlCMV are members of the genus potyvirus and are the most important virueses infecting cucurbit, cruciferous and leguminaceous crops, respectively. In this study, the cDNAs of the 3'' —terminal regions of ZYMV, PRSV-W, TuMV-TW and BlCMV were synthesized by RT-PCR. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of CP genes and 3'' non-translated regions of ZYMV, PRSV-W, TuMV-TW and BlCMV were analyzed and compared with other reported strains of each virus from different geographical areas. The results showed that the CP gene and 3'' non-translated region of ZYMV-7 had a highest identity with ZYMV-F, and a lowest identity with ZYMV-RU. According to the phylogenetic tree of ZYMV isolates reported in Taiwan showed that CP genes of TW-PT5, TW-TC1, TW-CY2, TW-TN3, TW-TNML1, ZYMV-7 and TW-NT1 share close relationships. No matter cleavage site were at E/S or Q/S between NIb and CP gene, the CP gene of PRSV-W had a higher identity with PRSV-S, and a lower identity with PRSV-India. The 3'' non-translated region of PRSV-W also had a higher identity with PRSV-S, but a lower identity with PRSV-HA. According to the phylogenetic tree of PRSV-W and other reported PRSV isolates in Taiwan showed that PRSV-W had a closer relationship with TW-CI. Comparison of BlCMV with other reported members of bean common mosaic virus subgroup, CP gene of BlCMV had a higher identity with BlCMV-F and CAbMV-TH, and a lower identity with PStV-B and PStV-ChinaG. The 3'' non-translated region of BlCMV has a higher identity with BlCMV-W, and a lower identity with PStV-B. Comparison of the CP gene and 3'' non-translated region of ZYMV, PRSV-W, TuMV-TW and BlCMV indicated that they were distinctly different potyviruses. cDNAs of CP gene of ZYMV, PRSV-W, TuMV-TW and BlCMV used for inserting into pET-21b and pBin-19 vectors were also cloned.
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Mafeo, Tieho Paulus. "Responses of economically important crops to crude extracts of cucumis myriocarpus fruit when used as a pre-emergent bio-nematicide." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/894.
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Thesis (Ph.D. Agriculture (Horticulture)) -- University of Limpopo, 2012High yield losses in various crops due to plant-parasitic nematodes are associated with high initial nematode population densities (Pi). Uses of synthetic nematicides to reduce Pi were dependent on the physiological effect of materials on the protected crops, resulting into the coining of pre-emergent and post-emergent nematicides. Crude extracts of wild cucumber (Cucumis myriocarpus) fruit consistently reduced nematode population densities of the southern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) when used as a post-emergent bio-nematicide. The purpose of this study was to investigate the compatibility of crude extracts of C. myriocarpus fruit when used as a pre-emergent bio-nematicide on germination and emergence of commercially important dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous crops using empirical tests and computer-generated models. Studies were conducted over a period of three years to assess the effects of this material on growth of various seedlings. Seven treatments comprising crude extracts of C. myriocarpus fruit (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5 and 15 g/pot) and test solutions (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150 g/ℓ distilled water) were used for emergence and germination in initial studies. Generally, 18 days after the treatments, variables measured and levels of crude extracts of C. myriocarpus fruit had negative quadratic relationships, which suggested that they had density-dependent growth responses. Subsequent studies were conducted using three selected crops each from the families Alliaceae, Gramineae and Solanaceae under greenhouse conditions, each with reduced concentration of 10 treatments (0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, 1.25, 1.50, 1.75, 2.00 and 2.25 g material/pot). Using variables of various organs and crops, significant means were subjected to the Curve-fitting Allelochemical Dosage Response (CARD) computer model, which was characterised by six biological indices, viz. threshold stimulation (Dm), xli saturation level (Rh), 0% inhibition (D0), 50% inhibition (D50), 100% inhibition (D100) and transformation level (k). The model demonstrated that the responses of the three crops from each family when regressed to dosages of crude extracts of C. myriocarpus fruit exhibited the density-dependent growth patterns, characterised by responses that included stimulation, saturation and inhibition. The integrated sensitivities (Σk) of the tested crops to crude extracts of C. myriocarpus fruit ranged from Σk = 9 to Σk = 51, with eggplant (Solanum melongena) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) being the most sensitive, while tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) was the least sensitive. Using the data depicting the stimulation range from CARD model, viz. (Dm), which is a threshold stimulation dosage and (Rh), which is a saturation dosage, mean dosage stimulation response (MDSR) was determined for chive (Allium schoenoprasum), leek (Allium ampeloprasum), onion (Allium cepa), maize (Zea mays), millet (Panicum miliaceum), sorghum, eggplant, pepper (Capsicum annum) and tomato as being 1.19, 0.68, 0.45, 1.13, 0.86, 1.12, 0.74, 1.11, and 0.53 g, respectively. These MDSR values are dosages which when applied for respective crops at direct seeding would not affect germination or emergence. MDSR values were validated for onion, millet and tomato, resulting in approximately 100% suppression of nematodes in all three test crops. In contrast, 100% emergence occurred in millet and tomato, while the validated MDSR reduced emergence on onion by 15%, which confirmed the sensitivity of this crop to crude extracts of C. myriocarpus fruit. In conclusion, crude extracts of C. myriocarpus fruit have the potential for use as pre-emergent bio-nematicide in suppression of plant-parasitic nematodes in various crops.