Academic literature on the topic 'Importance Ranks'
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Journal articles on the topic "Importance Ranks"
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Al Amin, Moustapha. "التدرج في رتب رفع التعارض وأثره في دراسة مشكل الحديث ومختلفه: دراسة تطبيقية على كتاب: تأويل مختلف الحديث لابن قتيبة الدينوري (ت276هـ)." Maʿālim al-Qurʾān wa al-Sunnah 17, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 137–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33102/jmqs.v17i2.283.
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The current research aims to clarify the meaning of removing contradictions' ranks, the importance of their gradation by studying different cases in Taʾwīl Mushkil al-Ḥadīth of Ibn Qutaybah. The study also demonstrates through which the defect has arisen and the answer for the contradiction, and the effect of leaving the gradation of the ranks in removing the contradiction. The research adopted the descriptive approach in explaining the importance of caring about the reasoning before reconciling the different hadiths. Aside from that, the research also utilised the critical approach in performing critical study for selected models from various hadiths commentaries. The research was limited to six ranks to remove the illusory contradiction; it proved the importance of gradation and its effective role in evaluating the answers to different or problematic hadiths. The researcher has practically studied nine models from various hadiths commentaries, through which he showed the effect of gradualism of these ranks in depicting the accuracy of the answer to the conflict and problematic hadiths.
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Wu, Chia-Huei. "Can We Weight Satisfaction Score with Importance Ranks Across Life Domains?" Social Indicators Research 86, no. 3 (September 5, 2007): 469–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11205-007-9180-9.
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Wardhani, Shita Lusi, and Rahmat Purbandono. "KUALITAS PELAYANAN ADMINISTRASI AKADEMIK PERGURUAN TINGGI SWASTA DI YOGYAKARTA: METODE IMPORTANCE-PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS (IPA)." Jurnal Riset Manajemen dan Bisnis 9, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21460/jrmb.2014.91.93.
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This study aims to measure the quality of service by the Layanan Administrasi Akademik Perguruan Tinggi in Yogyakarta. Quality of service is measured using the concept of SERVQUAL developed by Parasuraman et al. (1985) consists of 10 dimensions. They are tangible, reliability, responsiveness, competence, courtesy, credibility, security, access, communication, understanding the customer. The level of student satisfaction is determined using the formula of Student Satisfaction Index (SSI). Analysis of the difference between expected and perceived the quality of service by the Cartesian diagram using the ImportancePerformance Analysis (IPA) and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test. This study used a sample of 302 college students in Yogyakarta. The results show that SSI is in a good category. Courstesy and reliability have lowest SSI. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test results show that the quality of service received by students is lower than expected for all dimensions. Keywords: Student Satisfaction Index, Importance-Performance Analysis
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Moragues, Raul, Juan Aparicio, and Miriam Esteve. "Ranking the Importance of Variables in a Nonparametric Frontier Analysis Using Unsupervised Machine Learning Techniques." Mathematics 11, no. 11 (June 5, 2023): 2590. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11112590.
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In this paper, we propose and compare new methodologies for ranking the importance of variables in productive processes via an adaptation of OneClass Support Vector Machines. In particular, we adapt two methodologies inspired by the machine learning literature: one involving the random shuffling of values of a variable and another one using the objective value of the dual formulation of the model. Additionally, we motivate the use of these type of algorithms in the production context and compare their performance via a computational experiment. We observe that the methodology based on shuffling the values of a variable outperforms the methodology based on the dual formulation. We observe that the shuffling-based methodology correctly ranks the variables in 94% of the scenarios with one relevant input and one irrelevant input. Moreover, it correctly ranks each variable in at least 65% of replications of a scenario with three relevant inputs and one irrelevant input.
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Belkhir, Lotfi, and Mary Mathew. "A case study of global agency innovation rankings: implications on current definitions of innovation." Problems and Perspectives in Management 16, no. 3 (August 15, 2018): 269–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.16(3).2018.22.
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In this paper, the authors analyze global innovation rankings as provided by Strategy& over the last 7 years. They first explore the raw ranks and report variations in year-over-year (YOY) ranks for top ten ranking companies. The normalized innovation ranks are then used to calculate the Innovation Power (inP) to assess if these companies maintained or improved their ranks over time. An interesting classification of innovations for the top 10 emerges from this analysis. The constant top innovators were Apple and Google. The rising innovators were Tesla, 3M and Facebook. Other classifications are discussed. The authors propose a non-statistical predictive model, which is reminiscent of a kinematic model using a novel concept of Innovation Momentum (inM) and predict that for 2017, Apple and Google will hold their first and second place, followed by Amazon, Samsung and Tesla. Facebook is also expected to rise in its rank. Companies that reach out and serve end-user needs with service innovations appear rising in ranks, far more than R&D intensive patent filing innovators in these ranks. Tesla is an interesting top ranker to watch. There are implications for software focused companies gaining importance given their flexibility over hardware dominant ones. Some bottom innovators are further declining. Although the rankings are perception-based, there is a pattern that implies it is not random or merely subjective. The analysis highlights the need for leaders and consultants to put in perspective the complex management problem of measuring innovation.
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Zhang, Yihuai, Maxim Lebedev, Gregory Smith, Yu Jing, Andreas Busch, and Stefan Iglauer. "Nano-mechanical Properties and Pore-Scale Characterization of Different Rank Coals." Natural Resources Research 29, no. 3 (October 18, 2019): 1787–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11053-019-09572-8.
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ABSTRACT Characterization of coal micro-structure and the associated rock mechanical properties are of key importance for coal seam exploration, coal bed methane development, enhanced coal bed methane production and CO2 storage in deep coal seams. Considerable knowledge exists about coal chemical properties, but less is known about the nanoscale to the micro-scale structure of coals and how they change with coal strength across coal ranks. Thus, in this study, 3D X-ray micro-computed tomography (with a voxel size of 3.43 µm) and nano-indentation tests were conducted on coal samples of different ranks from peat to anthracite. The micro-structure of peats showed a well-developed pore system with meso- and micro-pores. The meso-pores essentially disappear with increasing rank, whereas the micro-pores persist and then increase past the bituminous rank. The micro-fracture system develops past the peat stage and by sub-bituminous ranks and changes into larger and mature fracture systems at higher ranks. The nano-indentation modulus showed the increasing trend from low- to high-rank coal with a perfect linear relationship with vitrinite reflectance and is highly correlated with carbon content as expected.
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Bayramova, D. "Walnut Crops in the North-East of Azerbaijan and Their Importance in Food Security." Bulletin of Science and Practice, no. 5 (May 15, 2023): 188–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/90/24.
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The article presents the results of the study of nut crops common in the north-eastern region of Azerbaijan. As a result of scientific expeditions carried out in the north-eastern — Kuba-Khachmaz Economic Region of Azerbaijan, the areas of distribution of nut crops have been identified. It has been established that Corylus ranks first in this region in terms of distribution area. Kuba, Khachmaz, Kusar Districts are rich in wild forms of Corylus. According to the distribution area, the Juglans regia occupies the second place after the Corylus.
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Zhao, Jie, Yiyang Zhang, Xuzhu Dong, Yunzhao Wu, Haiyan Zeng, Qing Duan, and Mingcheng Zhang. "Power Source Importance Assessment Based on Load Importance and New Energy Uncertainty." Sustainability 15, no. 17 (August 28, 2023): 12941. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151712941.
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With the increasing penetration of new energy sources, the volatility and uncertainty of new energy output can lead to interruptions or fluctuations in the supply of electricity. Power cuts to critical loads can have a significant impact on public safety, social stability, and the economy. Dealing with the effects of uncertainty from new energy sources means we need to find and strengthen the important loads and power sources when designing and operating the power system. Therefore, the assessment of the importance of loads, conventional power sources, and new energy sources is crucial. This paper proposes a power source importance evaluation method based on load importance and new energy uncertainty. The method constructs a load importance evaluation system considering structural characteristics, outage loss, regulation capability, and other factors. To determine the importance of each load, the method uses the ideal solution method and ranks them accordingly. Next, the method calculates the power supply coefficient, which represents the power supply capability of the power source to the critical loads. This calculation involves using the three-point estimation method, which combines the characteristics of the new energy output and the importance of each load. Following that, the evaluation of load importance and the power supply capacity to critical loads is accomplished based on the ideal solution method, taking into account the diversity of power supply characteristics. This comprehensive evaluation allows us to assess the significance of each load and the power supply capability to meet the needs of critical loads, considering the unique characteristics of each power source. Finally, an example analysis is carried out on the IEEE39 to calculate the importance of various types of power sources, which can accurately reflect the power supply capacity of power sources to important loads and verify the validity of the evaluation method. This method provides subsidies for future power system grid planning and operation.
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Srdjevic, Bojan, Zorica Srdjevic, and Milena Lakicevic. "Validating the importance of criteria for assessing climate change scenarios." Journal of Water and Climate Change 9, no. 3 (May 7, 2018): 570–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2018.157.
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Abstract While evaluating climate impacts within different climate change scenarios, analysts and stakeholders may have different goals and therefore it is usually difficult to define a common decision-making framework applicable for various practical uses. In this paper, we combine two different group decision-making methodologies to prioritise criteria for assessing output information from regional climate models. The first is based on use of a multi-criteria analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to determine weights of criteria as cardinal information about their importance. The second methodology uses two voting methods, namely Borda count and Approval voting, to generate ordinal information (ranks) for criteria. A set of five criteria is assessed by 16 PhD students from the field of climatology, and generated decisions about their importance in the validation of regional climate models' quality are summarised, compared, and critically discussed. The paper is closed with recommendations for further research.
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Imre, Attila. "Military Terminology in the Subtitles of Band of Brothers." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Philologica 10, no. 3 (December 1, 2018): 167–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ausp-2018-0034.
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Abstract The present article investigates issues of military terminology in the Hungarian and Romanian subtitles of the highly popular TV mini-series Band of Brothers. The introductory part offers a brief presentation of terms, possible definitions, and their relevance for translators/subtitlers, and then – based on a possible mind map of military terms, including army units, equipment, ranks, commands, tactics, rewards, and punishments – we analyse samples belonging to army equipment and ranks (commanders) in the Hungarian and Romanian subtitles, arguing for the importance of reliable sources and consistency, which directly contribute to the quality of translations or subtitles. A special field of investigation may be represented by the specific military abbreviations and acronyms, which may offer an objective insight into the level of expertise of the translators/subtitlers.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Importance Ranks"
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Bernhold, Brechter Anna. "Kinins : important regulators in inflammation induced bone resorption." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Univ, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-959.
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Chen, Shang-Feng, and 陳上峰. "Study of Predictor Weighted Importance under Low-Rank Condition." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97479167348172731894.
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"Automatic Text Summarization Using Importance of Sentences for Email Corpus." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.34929.
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abstract: With the advent of Internet, the data being added online is increasing at enormous rate. Though search engines are using IR techniques to facilitate the search requests from users, the results are not effective towards the search query of the user. The search engine user has to go through certain webpages before getting at the webpage he/she wanted. This problem of Information Overload can be solved using Automatic Text Summarization. Summarization is a process of obtaining at abridged version of documents so that user can have a quick view to understand what exactly the document is about. Email threads from W3C are used in this system. Apart from common IR features like Term Frequency, Inverse Document Frequency, Term Rank, a variation of page rank based on graph model, which can cluster the words with respective to word ambiguity, is implemented. Term Rank also considers the possibility of co-occurrence of words with the corpus and evaluates the rank of the word accordingly. Sentences of email threads are ranked as per features and summaries are generated. System implemented the concept of pyramid evaluation in content selection. The system can be considered as a framework for Unsupervised Learning in text summarization.Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Computer Science 2015
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FICCADENTI, Valerio. "A rank-size approach to the analysis of socio-economics data." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11393/251181.
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Questa tesi è volta ad investigare due importanti fenomeni, uno naturale ed uno umano. Il primo riguarda i terremoti, mentre il secondo è legato al contenuto dei discorsi ufficiali dei presidenti americani. Per il primo caso, il nostro obiettivo è quello di definire un indicatore dei danni economici causati dai terremoti, proponendo un indice calibrato su una lunga serie di magnitudo rilevate in lunghi periodi di tempo. Mentre per il caso dei discorsi presidenziali, vogliamo quantificare il loro impatto sul mercato finanziario, in particolare studiamo l’effetto che essi hanno sull’indice “Standard and Poor’s 500”.
Il nostro obiettivo principale è quello di contribuire nell’ambito delle scelte di politica economica prendendo in considerazione tali fenomeni ed analizzandoli con un approccio diverso ed innovativo.
L’analisi esposta in questa tesi è sviluppata per mezzo di strumenti econofisici strettamente collegati all’ambito dell’analisi “rank-size”. Tale analisi consiste nell’uso di una serie di funzioni particolarmente utili per l’esplorazione delle proprietà di grandi dataset, anche quando essi sono distribuiti nel tempo e hanno bande di errore non perfettamente definite per via di particolari condizioni di campionamento.
Nei capitoli che riguardano i terremoti così come in quelli dedicati all’analisi dei discorsi dei presidenti americani sono mostrati e commentati i risultati di regressioni non lineari impiegate per stimare i coefficienti di varie leggi “rank-size”. Tali stime sono state manipolate in modo tale da poter giungere a conclusioni dal rilievo economico. I risultati più robusti sono stati raggiunti grazie alla straordinaria capacità di interpretare i dati da parte delle leggi “rank-size”.
Nell’ambito della valutazione dell’impatto economico dei discorsi presidenziali, un’analisi aggiuntiva è stata svolta valutando diverse distanze tra serie storiche. In particolare considerando la serie storica delle parole semanticamente legate all’economica e pronunciate dai presidenti americani nel corso della storia e le serie storiche del volume, dei prezzi e dei rendimenti dell’indice “Standard & Poor's 500”. Per questa analisi abbiamo impiegato un approccio probabilistico ed anche uno meramente topologico. Infatti abbiamo misurato l’entropia delle serie storiche e comparato le conclusioni valutando le differenze fra diverse misure di distanza vettoriale.
Books on the topic "Importance Ranks"
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Pennisi, Rosa. Qindīl Umm Hāšim: La lampada di Umm Hāšim con l’autobiografia dell’autore. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-598-8.
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Qindīl Umm Hāšim, ‘The Lamp of Umm Hāšim’, is the title of Yaḥyā Ḥaqqī’s collection of short stories, first published in 1944, that made the author famous. Its enormous success can be traced back to the novella of the same title that opens the collection. The novella, due to its themes and narrative form, perfectly synthesizes the nationalistic spirit and modern ideals that developed in the 1920s around the al-madrasa al-ḥadīṯa movement, ‘The Modern School’, and ranks among the classics of modern Arabic fiction. It is a formally and stylistically mature work that manages to communicate in a linear and concise manner – with a formally perfect style and language that is both symbolic and direct – the spiritual, psychological and cultural complexity of the multidimensional tensions that characterise modern Egyptian reality. In 1975, following numerous reprints, an integrated edition of the collection was published containing Yaḥyā Ḥaqqī’s autobiography, which constitutes a true original essay by the author. In his autobiography Ašǧān ʿuḍw muntasib (Concerns of an affiliated member), Ḥaqqī not only reports the most important events of his life, but also offers a literary manifesto in which he confides his ideological, stylistic and literary concerns to the reader. The autobiographical manifesto emphasises how through writing (and the short story, in particular), Ḥaqqī wants to ‘shake up the Egyptian people’ so that they become aware of the socio-cultural and identity-national values that art plays in the modern era. Both his autobiography and the novella The Lamp of Umm Hāšim complement each other in capturing all the details that make up the style, ideology, innovation and commitment of a modern Egyptian intellectual. The novella – concentrated in a modest narrative space, along with Ḥaqqī’s literary manifesto – indisputably finds its place among the Great Books of Arabic Literature.
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Heilbron, J. L. Niels Bohr: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198819264.001.0001.
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Niels Bohr: A Very Short Introduction covers the life and work of the pioneer of the quantum theory of the atom who ranks with Einstein in importance for the development of modern physics. In addition to his role as a scientist, Bohr was a statesman and Danish cultural icon, who built scientific institutions and pushed for the extension of international cooperation to all nation states. He also had deep interests in philosophy, literature, and humanism. This VSI considers how all of these aspects of Bohr’s personality influenced his ground-breaking work.
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Meyer, Jessica. An Equal Burden. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824169.001.0001.
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An Equal Burden forms the first scholarly study of the Army Medical Services in the First World War to focus on the roles and experiences of the men of the ranks of the Royal Army Medical Corps (RAMC). These men, through their work as stretcher-bearers and orderlies, provided a range of labour, both physical and emotional, in aid of the sick and wounded. They were not professional medical caregivers, yet were called upon to provide medical care, however rudimentary; they served in uniform, under military discipline, yet were forbidden, as non-combatants, from carrying weapons. Their service as men in wartime was thus unique. Structured both chronologically and thematically, this study examines the work that RAMC rankers undertook and its importance to the running of the chain of medical evacuation. It additionally explores the gendered status of these men within the medical, military, and cultural hierarchies of a society engaged in total war, locating their service within the context of that of doctors, female nurses, and combatant servicemen. Through close readings of official documents, personal papers, and cultural representations, both verbal and visual, it argues that the ranks of the RAMC formed a space in which non-commissioned servicemen, through their many roles, defined and redefined medical caregiving as men’s work in wartime.
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Tran, Anh Q. Of Gods and Heroes. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190677602.003.0004.
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Chapter 3 analyzes the many religious rites, including the worship of Heaven, nature, spirits, heroes, and religious figures in public cults as well as domestic rituals. It gives an introduction to the cultic life of the Vietnamese and a Christian evaluation of traditional worship. In particular, it describes prominent sacrifices—to Heaven and Earth; to the Divine Farmer and other spirits of nature; to imperial ancestors—as well as some of the important cults in Vietnamese society: the cults of Confucius and the military; of the three ranks of spirits (supreme, middle rank, and lower rank); and of religious figures: Mother Goddess, Lady Buddha of Compassion, and Jade Emperor. From a Christian perspective, these rites challenge the notion of monotheistic worship and display a reluctance on the part of the Christian to completely dismiss these rites.
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Pollock, Linda. The Affective Life in Shakespearean England. Edited by Malcolm Smuts. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199660841.013.25.
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Critiquing the amount of scholarly attention paid to the body and to intense, overwhelming feelings, this chapter examines how individuals, mainly the landed ranks, experienced and dealt with affect in daily life and relationships. While scholarship emphasizes suppression and disapproval of passion, this chapter views the management of affect as not only the repression of feelings but also as the encouragement and elicitation of them. It examines the available coping strategies for dealing with strong feelings such as anger or grief. It stresses the interconnections between affect and morality. Affect, judgment and conduct constituted a dynamic interchange in Shakespearean England. Feelings involve judgement and evaluation and are intimately connected to thoughts, norms, and culture. Finally, it points to the importance of the performative nature of affect in this period, concluding that culturally mandated or sanctioned emotions were not necessarily less authentic than spontaneous feelings.
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Banting, Keith, and Edward Koning. Just Visiting? The Weakening of Social Protection in a Mobile World. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474428231.003.0006.
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Recent scholarship has become increasingly attentive to the way different welfare states include or exclude newcomers. Much of this literature has focused on the access to benefits granted to immigrants with a permanent status. While this emphasis is understandable, it ignores the growing ranks of individuals who do not settle permanently, either because they are only given temporary status or because they choose to move on. This paper helps to fill this gap by comparing four countries that are very different in the way they treat temporary migrants: Sweden, Canada, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. We find that migrants on a temporary permit are among the most weakly protected in each of these countries, but that the exclusion is more severe in countries where politicians face considerable political pressure to appear tough on immigration and where there are few institutional protections to protect temporary residents from such pressures. These findings highlight both the fragility of social protection in a world of mobility and the importance of firmly entrenched protections of equal treatment.
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Ceraso, Cecilia, Germán Adolfo Retola, and Juan Manuel Unzaga, eds. La ciudad de las ranas. Editorial de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata (EDULP), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.35537/10915/69682.
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Desde el Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) creamos los Proyectos de Investigación Orientada (PIO) cuya propuesta de investigación permitiera orientar la investigación hacia la resolución de problemas concretos cuya demanda surgiera de la sociedad misma y no de los propios investigadores. En este contexto se inscribe La Ciudad de las Ranas: El mapa de aldeas, un libro que se origina en uno de esos proyectos orientados específicamente a la Emergencia Hídrica Regional, que tiene como referencia la terrible inundación que afectó a La Plata, Berisso y Ensenada el 2 de abril de 2013. Encontrarán en él elementos fundamentales para entender la problemática regional que incluyen desde la cartografía del territorio, la construcción social de la salud y el acceso a los derechos y políticas públicas. Pero lo más importante es que este libro refleja el camino del diálogo de la comunidad científica y el territorio para construir conocimientos contextualizados, significativos y relevantes para sustentar la transformación de la región. Insumos que se constituyan en herramientas para la toma de decisiones inteligentes por parte de las autoridades y que contemplen el bien de toda la comunidad en su complejidad. Se constituye así en un símbolo de lo que los científicos comprometidos con la realidad de nuestro país pretendemos: la construcción de una sociedad basada en el conocimiento.
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Amann, Edmund, Carlos R. Azzoni, and Werner Baer, eds. The Oxford Handbook of the Brazilian Economy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190499983.001.0001.
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Brazil constitutes a globally vital but troubled economy. It accounts for the largest GDP in Latin America and ranks among the world’s largest exporters of critical commodities including iron ore, soya, coffee, and beef. In recent years Brazil’s global economic importance has been magnified by a surge in both outward and inward foreign direct investment. This has served to further internationalize what has been historically a relatively closed economy. The purpose of this Handbook is to offer real insight into the Brazil’s economic development in contemporary context, understanding its most salient characteristics and analyzing its structural features across various dimensions. At a more granular level, this volume accomplishes the following tasks. First, it provides an understanding of the economy’s evolution over time and the connection of its current characteristics to this evolution. Second, it analyzes Brazil’s broader place in the global economy, and considers the ways in which this role has changed, and is likely to change, over coming years. Third, reflecting contemporary concerns, the volume offers an understanding, not only of how one of the world’s key economies has developed and transformed itself, but also of the ways in which this process has yet to be completed. The volume thus analyzes the current challenges facing the Brazilian economy and the kinds of issues that need to be tackled for these to be addressed.
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Kundahl, George G., ed. The Bravest of the Brave. University of North Carolina Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/9780807895702_kundahl.
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Born in Lincolnton, North Carolina, in 1837, Stephen Dodson Ramseur rose meteorically through the military ranks. Graduating from West Point in 1860, he joined the Confederate army as a captain, and, by the time of his death near the end of the war at the Battle of Cedar Creek, had attained the rank of major general in the Army of Northern Virginia. Ramseur excelled in every assignment and was involved as a senior officer in many of the war's most important conflicts east of the Appalachians. His letters—over 180 of which are collected and transcribed here—provide his incisive observations on these military events, and, at the same time, offer a rare insight into the personal opinions of a high-ranking Civil War officer. Correspondence by Civil War figures is often strictly professional. But in Ramseur's personal letters to his wife, Nellie, and best friend, David Schenk, this book candidly expresses beliefs about the social, military, and political issues of the day. It also shares vivid accounts of battle and daily camp life, providing colorful details on soldiering during the war.
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Piatkowski, Marcin. Europe's Growth Champion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789345.001.0001.
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The book is about one of the biggest economic success stories that one has hardly ever heard about. It is about a perennially backward, poor, and peripheral country, which over the last twenty-five years has unexpectedly become Europe’s and a global growth champion and joined the ranks of high-income countries during the life of just one generation. It is about the lessons learned from its remarkable experience for other countries in the world, the conditions that keep countries poor, and challenges that countries need face to grow and become high-income. It is also about a new growth model that this country—Poland—and its peers in Central and Eastern Europe and elsewhere need to adopt to continue to grow and catch up with the West for the first time ever. The book emphasizes the importance of the fundamental sources of growth—institutions, culture, ideas, and leaders—in economic development. It argues that a shift from an extractive society, where the few rule for the benefit of the few, to an inclusive society, where many rule for the benefit of many, was the key to Poland’s success. It asserts that a newly emerged inclusive society will support further convergence of Poland and Central and Eastern Europe with the West and help sustain the region’s Golden Age, but moving to the core of the European economy will require further reforms and changes in Poland’s developmental DNA.
Book chapters on the topic "Importance Ranks"
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Riedel, Monika, and Andreas Chmielowski. "Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in Austria." In IMISCOE Research Series, 33–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51241-5_2.
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Abstract The Austrian social security system covers a broad range of social risks, most of them via a compulsory social insurance system that usually ties eligibility to current or former legal employment. Nationality is of minor importance once legal employment has been achieved and, for tax-financed benefits like child benefits and minimum-income guarantee, legal residence in Austria can be proven. With almost one of five employees in Austria being foreign-born, Austria ranks high in terms of foreign participation on the labour market. While reforms under the previous Government were aimed at restricting migrants’ access to (full) benefits, it is open if the coalition formed in January 2020 will pursue a more moderate path in this regard.
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Mohapatra, Debasis, and Manas Ranjan Patra. "Rank Consensus Between Importance Measures in Hypergraph Model of Social Network." In Evolution in Computational Intelligence, 305–14. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5788-0_30.
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Li, Jiye, and Nick Cercone. "A Rough Set Based Model to Rank the Importance of Association Rules." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 109–18. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11548706_12.
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Buffoni, David, Sabrina Tollari, and Patrick Gallinari. "The Importance of the Depth for Text-Image Selection Strategy in Learning-To-Rank." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 743–46. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20161-5_84.
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Cadini, Francesco, Enrico Zio, and Cristina-Andreea Petrescu. "Using Centrality Measures to Rank the Importance of the Components of a Complex Network Infrastructure." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 155–67. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03552-4_14.
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Fuchs, Tobias, Jakob Bach, and Markus Iser. "Active Learning for SAT Solver Benchmarking." In Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, 407–25. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30823-9_21.
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AbstractBenchmarking is a crucial phase when developing algorithms. This also applies to solvers for the SAT (propositional satisfiability) problem. Benchmark selection is about choosing representative problem instances that reliably discriminate solvers based on their runtime. In this paper, we present a dynamic benchmark selection approach based on active learning. Our approach predicts the rank of a new solver among its competitors with minimum runtime and maximum rank prediction accuracy. We evaluated this approach on the Anniversary Track dataset from the 2022 SAT Competition. Our selection approach can predict the rank of a new solver after about 10 % of the time it would take to run the solver on all instances of this dataset, with a prediction accuracy of about 92 %. We also discuss the importance of instance families in the selection process. Overall, our tool provides a reliable way for solver engineers to determine a new solver’s performance efficiently.
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Gärtner, Jan Wilhelm, Daniel D. Loureiro, and Andreas Kronenburg. "Modelling and Simulation of Flash Evaporation of Cryogenic Liquids." In Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications, 233–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09008-0_12.
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AbstractRocket engine manufacturers attempt to replace toxic, hypergolic fuels by less toxic substances such as cryogenic hydrogen and oxygen. Such components will be superheated when injected into the combustion chamber prior to ignition. The liquids will flash evaporate and subsequent mixing will be crucial for a successful ignition of the engine. We now conduct a series of DNS and RANS-type simulations to better understand this mixing process including microscopic processes such as bubble growth, bubble-bubble interactions, spray breakup dynamics and the resulting droplet size distribution. Full scale RANS simulations provide further insight into effects associated with flow dynamic such as shock formation behind the injector outlet. Capturing these gas dynamic effects is important, as they affect the spray morphology and droplet movements.
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Sarica, Alessia, Andrea Quattrone, and Aldo Quattrone. "Introducing the Rank-Biased Overlap as Similarity Measure for Feature Importance in Explainable Machine Learning: A Case Study on Parkinson’s Disease." In Brain Informatics, 129–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15037-1_11.
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Jovanovic, Milica, Jovana Rakicevic, Maja Levi Jaksic, Jasna Petkovic, and Sanja Marinkovic. "Composite Indices in Technology Management." In Disruptive Technology, 1860–93. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9273-0.ch087.
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This chapter focuses on composite indices used in Technology Management (TM). It provides a critical comparative analysis of 5 indices, summarizes their structure, weighting process and emphasizes technology related components of indices as well as their advantages and disadvantages. The second part of the chapter examines the ranks of OECD and BRICS countries for Global Competitiveness Index (GCI), Global Innovativeness Index (GII) and Global Entrepreneurship Index (GEI), and further, we analyzed the correlations of GCI and GII pillars and clusters with the final ranks of countries. The research proved the presence and the importance of TM in the construction of the selected indices, but also identified that there is a lack of composite indicators used exclusively for TM performance which are measured globally by official institutions.
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Jovanovic, Milica, Jovana Rakicevic, Maja Levi Jaksic, Jasna Petkovic, and Sanja Marinkovic. "Composite Indices in Technology Management." In Advances in Data Mining and Database Management, 38–71. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0714-7.ch003.
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This chapter focuses on composite indices used in Technology Management (TM). It provides a critical comparative analysis of 5 indices, summarizes their structure, weighting process and emphasizes technology related components of indices as well as their advantages and disadvantages. The second part of the chapter examines the ranks of OECD and BRICS countries for Global Competitiveness Index (GCI), Global Innovativeness Index (GII) and Global Entrepreneurship Index (GEI), and further, we analyzed the correlations of GCI and GII pillars and clusters with the final ranks of countries. The research proved the presence and the importance of TM in the construction of the selected indices, but also identified that there is a lack of composite indicators used exclusively for TM performance which are measured globally by official institutions.
Conference papers on the topic "Importance Ranks"
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Mazov, Nikolay A., Vadim N. Gureyev, and Tatiana P. Stepanova. "The importance of presenting the Russian journal archives in open scientific space." In Twenty Sixth International Conference and Exhibition «LIBCOM-2022». Russian National Public Library for Science and Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33186/978-5-85638-257-9-2022-106-112.
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In the current context of information risks of losing access to commercial international information resources, the problem of intensive development of Russian academic journals is of particular importance. One of the unsolved problems includes extremely low presence and visibility of journals’ archives in the digital information space. At the same time, the presence of electronic archives of journals plays essential role in authority of scientific serials, their bibliometric indices and ranks, enhancement of domestic and international readership, as well as the engagement of new authors. Possible approaches to preparing and presenting metadata in open access are discussed as the case study of «Geologiya i Geofizika» journal. Special attention is paid to the important role of academic libraries in digital archiving.
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Guo, Guibing, Shichang Ouyang, Fajie Yuan, and Xingwei Wang. "Approximating Word Ranking and Negative Sampling for Word Embedding." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/569.
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CBOW (Continuous Bag-Of-Words) is one of the most commonly used techniques to generate word embeddings in various NLP tasks. However, it fails to reach the optimal performance due to uniform involvements of positive words and a simple sampling distribution of negative words. To resolve these issues, we propose OptRank to optimize word ranking and approximate negative sampling for bettering word embedding. Specifically, we first formalize word embedding as a ranking problem. Then, we weigh the positive words by their ranks such that highly ranked words have more importance, and adopt a dynamic sampling strategy to select informative negative words. In addition, an approximation method is designed to efficiently compute word ranks. Empirical experiments show that OptRank consistently outperforms its counterparts on a benchmark dataset with different sampling scales, especially when the sampled subset is small. The code and datasets can be obtained from https://github.com/ouououououou/OptRank.
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Miliszewska, Iwona. "Is it fully On or partly Off? The Case of Fully-Online Provision of Transnational Education." In InSITE 2007: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3073.
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With rapid expansion of the transnational education market, more and more universities join the ranks of transnational education providers, or expand their transnational education offerings. Many of those providers regard online provision of their programs as an economic alternative to face-to-face teaching. Do the transnational students support this view? This paper discusses the prospects of fully-online provision of education programs in one of the most important transnational markets: Hong Kong. The paper also reports on a study of the perceptions of transnational students in Hong Kong on the importance of face-to-face interaction in their courses. The paper concludes by considering the future of fully-online education in the transnational context.
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Hincapie, Juan, Jim Lee, and William Emblom. "Sensitivity Analysis on Inventory Classification Methods for Oilfield Equipment Industry." In ASME 2011 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2011-50172.
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This paper presents a case study for inventory management for an oilfield equipment company. The management encounters the problem of deciding which parts to manufacture in-house and which ones to subcontract. A decision support system (DSS) is developed which ranks component parts by integrating multi-criteria classification methods considering both quantitative (e.g., cost and demand) and qualitative (e.g., importance) factors. The focus on this research is to perform a sensitivity analysis on weight assignment for each criterion. This information is important in applications of inventory management since industries may not be able to manufacture all the necessary parts on time. Real world data from an oilfield equipment industry are used where inventory control problems have arisen because the company does not have the capacity to manufacture all the required parts to satisfy customer orders.
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Rose, J. G., M. C. Trella, and N. K. Agarwal. "Structural Design of Railway Trackbeds: Relative Effects of Various Factors." In 2011 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2011-56016.
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Layer-elastic, finite-element computer programs are available for performance-based structural design and analysis of railway trackbeds. This paper utilizes the KENTRACK design program. It is possible to consider the fatigue lives of the various layers relative to the imposed wheel loads, tonnages, environmental conditions and other factors. The service lives of the individual components of the trackbed are predicted by damage analysis for various combinations of traffic loadings, accumulated tonnages, subgrade support, and component layer properties and thicknesses. The results are presented graphically. The latest version, KENTRACK 3.0, is utilized. It is coded in C#.NET a popular computer language for achieving accuracy and efficiency. The graphical user interface in the KENTRACK 3.0 provides a technique to analyze trackbeds as structures. It is possible with KENTRACK 3.0 to select individual trackbed layers and associated thicknesses to satisfy roadbed and trackbed performance requirements. In addition, it is possible to performance-rank different track sectional designs based on the relative importance of the particular track section and track type. The types of roadbed and trackbed configurations are selected to meet each of the various performance ranks.
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Ramroach, Sterling, Jonathan Herbert, and Ajay Joshi. "CUDA-ACCELERATED FEATURE SELECTION." In International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering & Technology (IConETech-2020). Faculty of Engineering, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47412/juqg5057.
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Identifying important features from high dimensional data is usually done using one-dimensional filtering techniques. These techniques discard noisy attributes and those that are constant throughout the data. This is a time-consuming task that has scope for acceleration via high performance computing techniques involving the graphics processing unit (GPU). The proposed algorithm involves acceleration via the Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) framework developed by Nvidia. This framework facilitates the seamless scaling of computation on any CUDA-enabled GPUs. Thus, the Pearson Correlation Coefficient can be applied in parallel on each feature with respect to the response variable. The ranks obtained for each feature can be used to determine the most relevant features to select. Using data from the UCI Machine Learning Repository, our results show an increase in efficiency for multi-dimensional analysis with a more reliable feature importance ranking. When tested on a high-dimensional dataset of 1000 samples and 10,000 features, we achieved a 1,230-time speedup using CUDA. This acceleration grows exponentially, as with any embarrassingly parallel task.
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Rose, Jerry G., Nithin K. Agarwal, Justin D. Brown, and Neeharika Ilavala. "KENTRACK, a Performance-Based Layered Elastic Railway Trackbed Structural Design and Analysis Procedure: A Tutorial." In 2010 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2010-36067.
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KENTRACK is a layer elastic finite element based computer program that can be utilized for a performance-based structural design and analysis of railway trackbeds. Kentrack was initially developed to analyze traditional all-granular layered trackbeds and asphalt layered trackbeds. The versatility was recently expanded to analyze trackbeds containing a combination of granular and asphalt layers. The principle factor in the analysis is to limit vertical compressive stresses on the subgrade. In addition, it is possible to consider the fatigue lives of the various layers relative to the effects of wheel loads, tonnages, environmental conditions and other factors. The service lives of the individual components of the trackbed are predicted by damage analysis for various combinations of traffic, tonnages, subgrade support, component layer properties and thicknesses. The latest version, KENTRACK 3.0, is coded in C#.NET, a popular computer language for achieving accuracy and efficiency. The graphical user interface in the KENTRACK 3.0 provides a technique to analyze trackbeds as structures. It is possible with KENTRACK 3.0 to select trackbed layers and associated thicknesses to satisfy roadbed and trackbed performance requirements. In addition, it is possible to performance-rank different track sectional designs based on the relative importance of the particular track section and track type. The types of roadbed and trackbed configurations are selected to meet each of the various performance ranks. The various steps involved in the calculations are highlighted during the tutorial phase of a sample design calculations and analysis.
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Fatima, Tahniyath, and Saïd Elbanna. "Developing a Sustainable Performance Measurement Framework for the Hospitality Industry: An Empirical Study with Implications for the COVID-19 Pandemic." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0299.
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Performance management research in the hospitality industry remains stagnant despite prevalence of multi-dimensional performance metrics. This study, thus, contributes to the hospitality industry and sustainability literature through developing a semi-hierarchical sustainability balanced scorecard scale considering the COVID-19 impact on the hospitality industry. As the Indian travel and tourism industry ranks in the bottom 20%-40% on health and hygiene and environment sustainability, this research study’s setting, India, holds particular importance. Upon analyzing 200 questionnaires and five in-depth interviews from 4- and 5- star hotels in India through three-stage multi-method design of scale development, we proposed a scale of 21 indicators factored into six perspectives. A post hoc analysis added a new health and safety perspective to consider the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the hospitality industry and its endeavor to explore a road to recovery by stressing employee and tourist health and well-being. Implications from the study findings are also discussed
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Sallaberry, Cédric J., Robert E. Kurth, Frederick W. Brust, and Elizabeth A. Kurth. "Sensitivity Analysis for XLPR Acceptance Testing." In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-65991.
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The US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (US NRC) and the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) have jointly funded the development of the probabilistic analysis tool xLPR (extremely Low Probability of Rupture) version 2.0 for calculating the probability of a leak before break for welded pipes [1]. The acceptance testing for the program was completed in July of 2016. This allowed the release of the code to the development team. The released version of xLPR v 2.0 was used to run probabilistic simulations on selected scenarios and then perform uncertainty and sensitivity analysis on selected results. Uncertainty Analysis (UA) informs on how much the uncertainty affect the outputs while Sensitivity Analysis (SA) ranks the uncertain parameters in term of importance (i.e., influence over uncertainty) for selected outputs. In this paper, we present the methodology used to perform Sensitivity Analysis using three regression techniques as well as scatterplots for graphical study. The results generated are consistent both with the experts’ expectations and our understanding of the equations used in the sub-models.
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Antonović, Ratomir. "PRUŽANjE PRAVNE POMOĆI KAO USLUŽNA DELATNOST." In 14 Majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xivmajsko.533a.
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The traditional understanding of service and service activities was mainly related to the provision of certain craft and services of non-intellectual character. Modern tendencies and penetration of the principles of the market economy have imposed different perceptions, based on the principle that all goods that can be materialized through a monetary expression and that every activity, regardless of the category in which it belongs, is a serviceable character. Therefore, lately there is a harsh debate in professional circles about whether the work of a doctor, professor or lawyer can be placed in the same ranks with the activity of car mechanics, plumbers and builders - if one and other activities would include the notion of service activities. This dilemma in the Republic of Serbia is of particular importance in the light of the draft Law on Free Legal Aid, which has caused numerous controversies in the professional public and opened many questions, in terms of whether the provision of legal assistance is in general a service and who is the service, and who can to provide.
Reports on the topic "Importance Ranks"
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Kim, Joseph, and Patricia McCarthy. Evaluation of Sustainability Determinants to Develop a Sustainability Rating System for California Infrastructure Construction Projects. Mineta Transportation Institute, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2142.
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This study evaluates the important sustainability determinants that affect factors’ success in meeting their sustainability goals when conducting infrastructure construction projects in California. The study implemented the online survey method to evaluate the sustainability characteristics that infrastructure industry professionals currently are aware of under the current situation in California. A data set of 25 validated survey responses is used for statistical data analysis using analysis of variables, Kruskal-Wallis tests, and two sample t-tests. The analysis results showed that the median response values for the six major sustainability categories do not show any significant difference. The results also showed that no statistically significant difference in the mean response values can be found from the six major sustainability categories considered. Based on the pairwise comparison results, only the other category showed a difference with water- and energy-related categories. However, mean ranks among the factors under each category are useful in prioritizing the importance of the factors considered, which will be useful for the successful implementation of sustainability in infrastructure construction projects in California. These results are meaningful for legislators and transportation agencies because they provide insights about the sustainability criteria relevant to infrastructure construction projects for better informed decisions about how to meet the projects’ sustainability goals.
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Murphy, Richard, and Felix Weinhardt. Top of the Class: The Importance of Ordinal Rank. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w24958.
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Plumhans, Laure-Anne, Elke Dall, and Klaus Schuch. Study on Austrian actors, networks and activities in the field of science diplomacy. Bringing Austrian science diplomacy to the next step: Challenges, state of play and recommendations. ZSI - Centre for Social Innovation, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22163/fteval.2021.527.
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This study examines science diplomacy in Austria. ZSI was commissioned by the BMBWF between February and September 2021 to research how science diplomacy is currently understood and implemented and how the concept can be better anchored and promoted in Austria. Using literature and desktop research, an online survey, interviews and a focus group, this report answers the following key questions: how does the Austrian science diplomacy ecosystem looks like, who are its actors, what are the challenges and how could they be addressed? The complex task of presenting the current practical implementation of science diplomacy was carried out in this study in a survey that includes more than 150 actors and ranks them according to their importance in the system. Interviews with representatives of these organizations revealed that the term is well known. The actors note that they are already carrying out activities in the direction, and are also interested in intensifying this. However, there are concerns about using the term without a specific context. Accordingly, the concept is often not explicitly mentioned in institutional presentations and activities, and practices are often in other contexts. Furthermore, actors in the system are of course aware of each other, but there is no exchange on the topic of science diplomacy in particular. The corresponding (explicit) competencies and financial resources are lacking. This study also includes case studies that look at other countries' approaches: Perspectives from Japan, Finland, and Switzerland on science diplomacy are described. These and outstanding practices from other countries, as well as interviews and findings from a focus group with Austrian stakeholders, inspire five recommendations that conclude the report.
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Sett, Dominic, Christina Widjaja, Patrick Sanady, Angelica Greco, Neysa Setiadi, Saut Sagala, Cut Sri Rozanna, and Simone Sandholz. Hazards, Exposure and Vulnerability in Indonesia: A risk assessment across regions and provinces to inform the development of an Adaptive Social Protection Road Map. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/uvrd1447.
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Risk induced by natural hazards and climate change has been accelerating worldwide, leading to adverse impacts on communities' well-being. Dealing with this risk is increasingly complex and requires cross-sectoral action. Adaptive Social Protection (ASP) has emerged as a promising approach to strengthen the resilience of communities by integrating Social Protection (SP), Disaster Risk Management (DRM) and Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) efforts. To inform this integration and thereby support the development of a functional ASP approach, the identification and provision of relevant data and information are vital. In this context, risk assessments are crucial as they establish the groundwork for the design of effective ASP interventions. However, despite the importance of risk information for ASP and the abundance of sectoral assessments, there is not yet a comprehensive risk assessment approach, a reality that also applies to Indonesia. Although the country is one of the international pioneers of the concept and has enshrined ASP at the highest national level in its development plans, this emphasis in policy and practice has been hampered by the absence of more unified assessment methods. The Hazard, Exposure and Vulnerability Assessment (HEVA) presented here takes a unique approach to develop such a cross-sectoral risk assessment and apply it throughout Indonesia. The HEVA brings together different risk understandings of key actors both internationally and domestically within SP, DRM and CCA, as well as identifying commonalities across sectors to establish a joint understanding. The HEVA not only considers risk as an overarching outcome but also focuses on its drivers, i.e. hazards, exposure and vulnerability, to identify why specific communities are at risk and thus customize ASP interventions. Subsequently, risks are assessed for Indonesia’s regions and provinces based on this cross-sectoral risk understanding. Secondary data has been acquired from various existing sectoral assessments conducted in Indonesia, and in total, data for 44 indicators has been compiled to calculate hazard, exposure and vulnerability levels for all 34 Indonesian provinces. Findings of the HEVA suggest that overall risk is high in Indonesia and no single province can be characterized as a low-risk area, demonstrating a strong relevance for ASP throughout the whole of the country. Papua, Maluku, and Central Sulawesi were identified as provinces with the highest overall risk in Indonesia. However, even Yogyakarta, which was identified as a comparatively low-risk province, still ranks among the ten most hazard-prone provinces in the country and has a demonstrated history of severe impact events. This also underlines that the composition of risk based on the interplay of hazard, exposure and vulnerability differs significantly among provinces. For example, in Papua and West Papua, vulnerability ranks as the highest in Indonesia, while hazard and exposure levels are comparatively low. In contrast, East Java and Central Java are among the highest hazard-prone provinces, while exposure and vulnerability are comparatively low. The results provide much more comprehensive insight than individual sectoral analyses can offer, facilitating the strategic development and implementation of targeted ASP interventions that address the respective key risk components. Based on lessons learned from the development and application of the HEVA approach, as well as from the retrieved results, the report provides recommendations relevant for policymakers, practitioners and researchers. First, recommendations regarding risk assessments for ASP are given, emphasizing the need to bring together sectoral understandings and to consider the interconnection of hazards, exposure and vulnerability, including their drivers and root causes, to assess current and future risk. It is also recommended to complement national level assessments with more specific local assessments. Secondly, recommendations regarding ASP option development in general are provided, including the importance of considering side effects of interventions, root causes of risks, the potential of nature-based solutions and barriers to implementation due to local capacities when designing ASP interventions. Third, recommendations regarding focal areas for ASP programmes are outlined for the case of Indonesia, such as prioritizing interventions in risk hotspots and areas characterized by high readiness for ASP solutions. At the same time, it is vital to leave no region behind as all provinces face risks that potentially jeopardize communities’ well-being.
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Zhang, Hongbin B., David J. Bonfil, and Shahal Abbo. Genomics Tools for Legume Agronomic Gene Mapping and Cloning, and Genome Analysis: Chickpea as a Model. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586464.bard.
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The goals of this project were to develop essential genomic tools for modern chickpea genetics and genomics research, map the genes and quantitative traits of importance to chickpea production and generate DNA markers that are well-suited for enhanced chickpea germplasm analysis and breeding. To achieve these research goals, we proposed the following research objectives in this period of the project: 1) Develop an ordered BAC library with an average insert size of 150 - 200 kb (USA); 2) Develop 300 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers with an aid of the BAC library (USA); 3) Develop SSR marker tags for Ascochyta response, flowering date and grain weight (USA); 4) Develop a molecular genetic map consisting of at least 200 SSR markers (Israel and USA); 5) Map genes and QTLs most important to chickpea production in the U.S. and Israel: Ascochyta response, flowering and seed set date, grain weight, and grain yield under extreme dryland conditions (Israel); and 6) Determine the genetic correlation between the above four traits (Israel). Chickpea is the third most important pulse crop in the world and ranks the first in the Middle East. Chickpea seeds are a good source of plant protein (12.4-31.5%) and carbohydrates (52.4-70.9%). Although it has been demonstrated in other major crops that the modern genetics and genomics research is essential to enhance our capacity for crop genetic improvement and breeding, little work was pursued in these research areas for chickpea. It was absent in resources, tools and infrastructure that are essential for chickpea genomics and modern genetics research. For instance, there were no large-insert BAC and BIBAC libraries, no sufficient and user- friendly DNA markers, and no intraspecific genetic map. Grain sizes, flowering time and Ascochyta response are three main constraints to chickpea production in drylands. Combination of large seeds, early flowering time and Ascochyta blight resistance is desirable and of significance for further genetic improvement of chickpea. However, it was unknown how many genes and/or loci contribute to each of the traits and what correlations occur among them, making breeders difficult to combine these desirable traits. In this period of the project, we developed the resources, tools and infrastructure that are essential for chickpea genomics and modern genetics research. In particular, we constructed the proposed large-insert BAC library and an additional plant-transformation-competent BIBAC library from an Israeli advanced chickpea cultivar, Hadas. The BAC library contains 30,720 clones and has an average insert size of 151 kb, equivalent to 6.3 x chickpea haploid genomes. The BIBAC library contains 18,432 clones and has an average insert size of 135 kb, equivalent to 3.4 x chickpea haploid genomes. The combined libraries contain 49,152 clones, equivalent to 10.7 x chickpea haploid genomes. We identified all SSR loci-containing clones from the chickpea BAC library, generated sequences for 536 SSR loci from a part of the SSR-containing BACs and developed 310 new SSR markers. From the new SSR markers and selected existing SSR markers, we developed a SSR marker-based molecular genetic map of the chickpea genome. The BAC and BIBAC libraries, SSR markers and the molecular genetic map have provided essential resources and tools for modern genetic and genomic analyses of the chickpea genome. Using the SSR markers and genetic map, we mapped the genes and loci for flowering time and Ascochyta responses; one major QTL and a few minor QTLs have been identified for Ascochyta response and one major QTL has been identified for flowering time. The genetic correlations between flowering time, grain weight and Ascochyta response have been established. These results have provided essential tools and knowledge for effective manipulation and enhanced breeding of the traits in chickpea.
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Unzeta, Bruno Bueno, Jan de Boer, Ruben Delvaeye, Bertrand Deroisy, Marc Fontoynont, David Geisler-Moroder, Niko Gentile, et al. Survey on opportunities and barriers in lighting controls. Edited by Marc Fontoynont. IEA SHC Task 61, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task61-2021-0002.
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This report summarizes a survey performed in eight countries on the status quo of daylight and electric lighting control systems. Feedback from more than 100 international experts (building / facility managers and planers) was evaluated. The aim of the survey was to identify the perception of the different possibilities of the current lighting control solutions and the expectations about the control systems. The survey aims to provide a mapping of the current lighting control systems available at the market and an overview of which functions are perceived as most important and which areas are found to be improved. Participants of the survey had to rank each question in relation to the perceived importance and the need for improvement. The survey enclosed five general topics; energy, operational aspects, occupant control, occupant comfort and control functionality.
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Lazonick, William, Philip Moss, and Joshua Weitz. The Unmaking of the Black Blue-Collar Middle Class. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp159.
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In the decade after the Civil Rights Act of 1964, African Americans made historic gains in accessing employment opportunities in racially integrated workplaces in U.S. business firms and government agencies. In the previous working papers in this series, we have shown that in the 1960s and 1970s, Blacks without college degrees were gaining access to the American middle class by moving into well-paid unionized jobs in capital-intensive mass production industries. At that time, major U.S. companies paid these blue-collar workers middle-class wages, offered stable employment, and provided employees with health and retirement benefits. Of particular importance to Blacks was the opening up to them of unionized semiskilled operative and skilled craft jobs, for which in a number of industries, and particularly those in the automobile and electronic manufacturing sectors, there was strong demand. In addition, by the end of the 1970s, buoyed by affirmative action and the growth of public-service employment, Blacks were experiencing upward mobility through employment in government agencies at local, state, and federal levels as well as in civil-society organizations, largely funded by government, to operate social and community development programs aimed at urban areas where Blacks lived. By the end of the 1970s, there was an emergent blue-collar Black middle class in the United States. Most of these workers had no more than high-school educations but had sufficient earnings and benefits to provide their families with economic security, including realistic expectations that their children would have the opportunity to move up the economic ladder to join the ranks of the college-educated white-collar middle class. That is what had happened for whites in the post-World War II decades, and given the momentum provided by the dominant position of the United States in global manufacturing and the nation’s equal employment opportunity legislation, there was every reason to believe that Blacks would experience intergenerational upward mobility along a similar education-and-employment career path. That did not happen. Overall, the 1980s and 1990s were decades of economic growth in the United States. For the emerging blue-collar Black middle class, however, the experience was of job loss, economic insecurity, and downward mobility. As the twentieth century ended and the twenty-first century began, moreover, it became apparent that this downward spiral was not confined to Blacks. Whites with only high-school educations also saw their blue-collar employment opportunities disappear, accompanied by lower wages, fewer benefits, and less security for those who continued to find employment in these jobs. The distress experienced by white Americans with the decline of the blue-collar middle class follows the downward trajectory that has adversely affected the socioeconomic positions of the much more vulnerable blue-collar Black middle class from the early 1980s. In this paper, we document when, how, and why the unmaking of the blue-collar Black middle class occurred and intergenerational upward mobility of Blacks to the college-educated middle class was stifled. We focus on blue-collar layoffs and manufacturing-plant closings in an important sector for Black employment, the automobile industry from the early 1980s. We then document the adverse impact on Blacks that has occurred in government-sector employment in a financialized economy in which the dominant ideology is that concentration of income among the richest households promotes productive investment, with government spending only impeding that objective. Reduction of taxes primarily on the wealthy and the corporate sector, the ascendancy of political and economic beliefs that celebrate the efficiency and dynamism of “free market” business enterprise, and the denigration of the idea that government can solve social problems all combined to shrink government budgets, diminish regulatory enforcement, and scuttle initiatives that previously provided greater opportunity for African Americans in the government and civil-society sectors.
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Howard, Jo. Practical Guides for Participatory Methods: Mapping and Power Analysis. Institute of Development Studies, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2023.002.
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This method enables participants to create a visual map of the key resources and assets in their community, organisation, workplace etc, that are important for their wellbeing and thriving. It is designed to encourage marginalised groups to visually represent and reflect on these resources and the power relations that shape who accesses and controls resources. They map and rank the actors who have more/less power, control and access, and discuss the reasons behind these differences. Finally, a discussion of possible strategies and actions for change can be facilitated.
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Fu, Gongkang. Evaluation of Illinois Bridge Deterioration Models. Illinois Center for Transportation, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-029.
Full textAbstract:
The National Bridge Inventory bridge inspection system ranks the condition of bridge components on a scale of zero to nine. The resulting condition ratings represent an important element considered in deciding measures for bridge maintenance, repair, and rehabilitation. Thus, forecasting future condition ratings well is critical to reliable planning for these activities and estimating the costs. The Illinois Department of Transportation currently has deterministic models for this purpose. This study’s objective is to review the current models using condition rating histories gathered from 1980 to 2020 in Illinois for the following bridge components: deck, superstructure, substructure, culvert, and deck beam. The results show the current Illinois Department of Transportation models are inadequate in forecasting condition ratings, producing overestimates of the transition times between two condition rating levels for these components / systems, except for the deck beam, which is underestimated. It is recommended that the mean transition times found in this study from condition rating histories are used to replace the current models as a short-term solution. Further research is recommended to develop probabilistic models as a long-term solution to address observed significant variation or uncertainty in condition rating and transition times between condition rating levels.
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Rycroft, Taylor, Sabrina Larkin, Alexander Ganin, Treye Thomas, Joanna Matheson, Tessa Van Grack, Xinrong Chen, Kenton Plourde, Alan Kennedy, and Igor Linkov. A framework and pilot tool for the risk-based prioritization and grouping of nano-enabled consumer products. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41721.
Full textAbstract:
The use of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in consumer products has expanded rapidly, revealing both innovative improvements over conventional materials, and the potential for novel risks to human health and the environment. As the number of new nano-enabled products and the volume of toxicity data on ENMs continues to grow, regulatory agencies like the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) – a small, independent federal agency responsible for protecting consumers from unreasonable risks associated with product use – will require the ability to screen and group a diverse array of nano-enabled consumer products based on their potential risks to consumers. Such prioritization would allow efficient allocation of limited resources for subsequent testing and evaluation of high-risk products and materials. To enable this grouping and prioritization for further testing, we developed a framework that establishes a prioritization score by evaluating a nano-enabled product's potential hazard and exposure, as well as additional consideration of regulatory importance. We integrate the framework into a pilot version software tool and, using a hypothetical case study, we demonstrate that the tool can effectively rank nano-enabled consumer products and can be adjusted for use by agencies with different priorities. The proposed decision-analytical framework and pilot-version tool presented here could enable a regulatory agency like the CPSC to triage reported safety concerns more effectively and allocate limited resources more efficiently.