Relevant bibliographies by topics / Import penetration

Academic literature on the topic 'Import penetration'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 9 March 2023
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Import penetration"

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Paz, Lourenço S., and Kul Prasad Kapri. "The Effects of the Chinese Imports on Brazilian Manufacturing Workers." Economies 7, no. 3 (August 2, 2019): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies7030076.

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This study examines the impacts of imports from China and from the Rest of the World (ROW) on the wages of Brazilian manufacturing workers during 2000–2012. In this period, import penetration in Brazil grew by 25 percent, and the Chinese share of it increased from 3 to 20 percent. Using household survey data that encompass both formal and informal workers, we find that imports from China and from the ROW had different effects on manufacturing skilled and unskilled workers’ wages. Both the skilled and unskilled workers were negatively affected by an increase in the Chinese import penetration of intermediate inputs. For skilled workers, the ROW import penetration effect was negative for labor-intensive industries and positive for the other industries, while the Chinese import penetration had a positive effect on skilled workers’ wages. For the unskilled workers, we find that those in unskilled-labor intensive industries experienced positive impacts from both China and ROW import penetrations, whereas larger import penetrations reduced the wages for unskilled workers in the other industries.
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Clements, Kenneth W., Long Hai Vo, and Marc Jim Mariano. "Modelling import penetration." Economic Modelling 102 (September 2021): 105590. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2021.105590.

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Whitney, James D. "Imperfect competition and import penetration." Atlantic Economic Journal 16, no. 1 (March 1988): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02304057.

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Langhammer, Rolf J. "Import market penetration in services." Intereconomics 26, no. 6 (November 1991): 274–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02929011.

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Paz, Lourenço S. "The China Shock Impact on Labor Informality: The Effects on Brazilian Manufacturing Workers." Economies 10, no. 5 (May 7, 2022): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies10050109.

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The vigorous growth of the Chinese economy together with its increasingly successful role in international trade may have profoundly impacted developing countries. This study examines the large increase in the international trade exposure of the Brazilian economy during 2000–2012 to assess the impacts of import competition on its manufacturing formal and informal labor markets. In this period, import penetration grew by more than 20 percent in Brazil, and the share of the import penetration originating in China increased from 3 to 20 percent. At the same time, the share of informal workers in manufacturing declined from 27 to approximately 15 percent. Employing a switching regression model and Brazilian household survey data, this study finds that a greater industry-level Chinese and ‘rest of the world’ import penetration increases the likelihood of jobs becoming informal at different intensities, and these effects are smaller in unskilled-labor intensive industries and manufacturing states. Additionally, both types of import penetration positively impact the average informal wage. In contrast, the estimates suggest that a larger Chinese import penetration reduces average formal wages, while imports from elsewhere have the opposite effect. The results also indicate that the magnitude of the effects on wages are moderated by the unskilled labor intensity of the industry and whether the worker is located in a manufacturing state.
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Matsubara, Kiyoshi. "Import Penetration and Domestic Process Innovation." International Economy 2001, no. 52 (2001): 143–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5652/kokusaikeizai.2001.143.

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Matsubara, Kiyoshi. "Import Penetration and Domestic Process Innovation." Review of International Economics 13, no. 4 (September 2005): 646–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9396.2005.00528.x.

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Chappell, William F., and Bruce Yandle. "The Competitive Role of Import Penetration." Antitrust Bulletin 37, no. 4 (December 1992): 957–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003603x9203700404.

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Chappell, William F., and Bruce Yandle. "An entry model of import penetration." Atlantic Economic Journal 19, no. 1 (March 1991): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02303289.

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loannidis, Chris, and David Whitmarsh. "Import penetration and UK fisheries policy." Marine Policy 14, no. 5 (September 1990): 451–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-597x(90)90007-e.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Import penetration"

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Onaran, Özlem. "The effect of import penetration on labor market outcomes in Austrian manufacturing industry." Inst. für Volkswirtschaftstheorie und -politik, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2008. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1264/1/document.pdf.

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This paper estimates the effects of imports on employment, wages, and the wage share in Austria for the period of 1990-2005 using panel data of manufacturing industry. Imports are disaggregated according to their origin and as final vs. intermediate imports. There is evidence of significant negative effects of imports on employment, wages and the wage share. Particularly workers in high skilled sectors experience negative effects. Offshoring to both Eastern Europe and the developed countries have a negative impact on employment, whereas offshoring to the East has a positive effect on wages, indicating the dominance of scope effects. (author´s abstract)
Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
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Jan, Nawawi Bin Mohammed. "Business strategies for firms in declining industries caused by low-cost import penetration." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1995. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/28270.

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The major limitation of many studies on declining industries is the presumption that industrial decline is associated with the final stage of the industry life cycle. These studies often define the sample of their study as those firms where their dominant products are subjected to technological obsolescence and are experiencing a persistent decline in the demand of their products. Conversely, the current study identified factors that the cause of the shrinking in demand of the UK industries was not generally obsolete technology. The decline of UK industries was partly due to severe low cost import penetration that stimulated the shift in demand from the UK manufacturers to the cheaper imported products from the over-seas low cost manufacturers.
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Van, Walsum Judith M. (Judith Margaretha) Carleton University Dissertation International Affairs. "The EC policy response to import penetration and foreign direct investment in the European semiconductor industry : a political economy analysis." Ottawa, 1990.

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Moloto, Phineas Rameshovo. "Growth Trends in the South African Manufactured Export Industry." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28425.

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Through empirical research the researcher gained an in-depth knowledge regarding the growth trends in the South African manufactured export industry as well as the factors determining the patterns of growth and champion industries. Finally, recommendations that may be used by relevant authorities and scholars were made. To researchers, a study at disaggregated level into the growth trends of each manufactured export sub-sector should be central to future research.
Dissertation (MA (Economics))--University of Pretoria, 2005.
Economics
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Olsen, Gregory Dana. "Experimental investigation into catastrophic failure of pressure vessels due to hypervelocity impact /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3008411.

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Emanuel, Kevin. "Impact of high renewable penetration in a distribution network." Thesis, Emanuel, Kevin (2019) Impact of high renewable penetration in a distribution network. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2019. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/52468/.

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The growth of renewable energy, especially PV system has been accelerated in the past decades. With this growth, several problems have been identified that can interfere with the power quality on the distribution network. These problems include; voltage rise, voltage unbalance, voltage sag/swell, flickering, and harmonic issue. IEEE 13 bus distribution network has been chosen to be the base of this research due to its flexibility and it has been modeled in DigSILENT Power Factory. The results of the study shown that the identified problems were real, and it needs to be addressed before damages can be done to the equipment. The proposed solution to the network was to double feed the network. Double feeding is a solution that proposed an extra connection to the grid in the farthest node in the distribution network. The proposed solution has been tested and promising results were found. Overall the study has been helpful to test the capability of a distribution network to handle a various degree of PV production level and how double feeding affected the power quality of the network. More research in the network is needed, especially with a real distribution network involved as a real network will behave differently compared to the simulated network.
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Ballew, Wesley D. "Taylor Impact Test and Penetration of Reinforced Concrete Targets by Cylindrical Composite Rods." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34098.

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We use the three-dimensional finite element code DYNA3D to analyze two problems: (a) the normal impact of a cylindrical monolithic or composite rod against a smooth flat rigid target, (commonly known as the Taylor impact test), and (b) the penetration of composite and monolithic steel cylindrical rods into reinforced concrete targets. The composite rod is made of either a steel or copper shell enclosing a ceramic. The ceramic and the steel are assumed to fail at a critical value of the effective plastic strain, whereas no failure is considered in the copper. The thermoviscoplastic response of steel and copper is modeled by the Johnson-Cook relation and the ceramic and concrete are assumed to be elastic-plastic. Values of material parameters in the constitutive relation for the reinforced concrete (RC) are derived by the rule of mixtures. Failure of a material is simulated by the element erosion technique for ceramic and steel, and element erosion along with stiffness reduction for the RC. The effect of the angle of obliquity of impact on the damage induced in the target is ascertained.

For the solid cylindrical copper rod impacting a smooth flat rigid target, the time history of the deformed length and the axial variation of the final diameter are found to match well with the experimental findings. For the composite rod, the diameter of the deformed impacted surface, the shape and size of the mushroomed region and the volume fraction of the failed ceramic material strongly depend upon the impact speed, the shell wall thickness and the thickness of the solid copper rod at the front end.

Some composite cylindrical rods impacting at normal incidence RC targets were found to buckle during the penetration process in the sense that their outer diameter at a cross-section close to the impacted end increased by at least 20%. For steel penetrators, the damage experienced increased as the nose shape got blunter and the angle of obliquity became larger whereas the damage induced to the target only increased with penetrator bluntness.
Master of Science

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Stevens, John Boyet. "Finite Element Analysis of Adiabatic Shear Bands in Impact and Penetration Problems." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36650.

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We study axisymmetric deformations of depleted uranium (DU) and tungsten heavy alloy (WHA) rods impacting at normal incidence both a rigid, planar target and a thick, deformable steel target. Each deformable material is modeled as elastic thermoviscoplastic; the flow stress increases with an increase in the effective plastic strain and effective plastic strain-rate but decreases with a rise in the temperature. An objective of this work is to ascertain when and where a shear band, defined as a narrow region of rapid, intense plastic deformation, forms in each material subject to impact loading. The Taylor impact simulations show that shear bands form earlier in WHA than in DU for the material parameters used. In the penetration simulations, shear bands form continuously in the ejecta of the DU penetrator while only one shear band occurs in the WHA ejecta followed by more uniform deformations. Note: In order to view the computer animations referenced in this thesis, one must have a QuickTime movie player and download the files named Ujce.mov Uz2e.mov Uz3e.mov Wjce.mov Wz2e.mov and Wz3e.mov from the same directory the "pdf" file resides in.
Master of Science
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Khastieva, Dina. "Energy Storage Impact On Systems With High Wind Energy Penetration." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1402063032.

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Blandin, Christopher. "Production of dielectric materials." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/26568.

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Thesis (M. S.)--Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.
Committee Chair: Colton, Jonathan; Committee Member: Schultz, John; Committee Member: Zhou, Min. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Books on the topic "Import penetration"

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Goldar, Bishwanath. Import penetration and capacity utilization in Indian industries. Delhi: Institute of Economic Growth, 2008.

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Goldar, Bishwanath. Import penetration and capacity utilization in Indian industries. Delhi: Institute of Economic Growth, 2008.

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British imports of consumer goods: A study of import penetration 1974-85. Cambridge [Cambridgeshire]: Cambridge University Press, 1988.

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Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service, ed. Import penetration of selected U.S. markets for manufactured products, 1975 and 1989. [Washington, D.C.]: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, 1992.

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Stephan, Johannes. Trade deficits in Poland and Estonia: Capital imports versus import penetration and the sustainability of current account deficits. Halle: Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, 1998.

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T, Murzakaev R., Fonarev A. V, and Moshev V. V, eds. Prikladnai͡a︡ teorii͡a︡ pronikanii͡a︡. Moskva: "Nauka", 1992.

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Altshuler, Anatoly. Soviet impact dynamics and penetration mechanics: Three-part study on IPDM. Falls Church, VA: Delphic Associates, 1991.

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E, Anderson Charles, United States. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency., and Hypervelocity Impact Symposium (1986 : San Antonio, Tex.), eds. Hypervelocity impact: Proceedings of the 1986 symposium, San Antonio, Texas, 21-24 October 1986. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1987.

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Altshuler, Anatoly. Soviet impact dynamics and penetration mechanics: Final report. Falls Church, VA: Delphic Associates, 1991.

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Buzaud, Eric. Materials under extreme loadings: Application to penetration and impact. London, UK: ISTE, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Import penetration"

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Borkakoti, Jitendralal. "The Impact of Import Penetration on Unemployment in UK Manufacturing." In International Trade and Labour Markets, 90–117. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14577-5_5.

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Gumata, Nombulelo, and Eliphas Ndou. "What Is the Impact of Chinese Import Penetration on the South African Manufacturing Sector?" In The Secular Decline of the South African Manufacturing Sector, 57–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55148-3_5.

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Gumata, Nombulelo, and Eliphas Ndou. "How Does Activity in Manufacturing Sector Respond to Trade and Exchange Rate Shocks? Evidence from Trade-Openness and Import Penetration Thresholds." In The Secular Decline of the South African Manufacturing Sector, 105–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55148-3_9.

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Gumata, Nombulelo, and Eliphas Ndou. "Does an Increase in Trade-Openness and Import-Penetration Affect Income Inequality? Evidence from the Manufacturing Sector Output Growth and Employment Growth." In The Secular Decline of the South African Manufacturing Sector, 47–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55148-3_4.

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Fang, Qin, and Hao Wu. "Rigid Projectile Penetration." In Concrete Structures Under Projectile Impact, 33–106. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3620-0_3.

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Fang, Qin, and Hao Wu. "Mass Abrasive Projectile Penetration." In Concrete Structures Under Projectile Impact, 107–63. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3620-0_4.

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Jeenah, Fatima Y., and Mahomed Y. Moosa. "The Impact of Trauma on the Psyche." In Penetrating Trauma, 581–87. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49859-0_77.

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Jeenah, F. Y., and M. Y. H. Moosa. "The Impact of Trauma on the Psyche." In Penetrating Trauma, 549–56. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20453-1_72.

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Colella, V., G. Cortellazzo, A. Dei Svaldi, S. Amoroso, L. Minarelli, and K. M. Rollins. "Stress increase induced by impact precast pile driving." In Cone Penetration Testing 2022, 883–88. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003329091-131.

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Colella, V., G. Cortellazzo, A. Dei Svaldi, S. Amoroso, L. Minarelli, and K. M. Rollins. "Stress increase induced by impact precast pile driving." In Cone Penetration Testing 2022, 883–88. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003308829-131.

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Conference papers on the topic "Import penetration"

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Öztürk, Fahriye, Sıtkıcan Saraçoğlu, and Işın Kortan. "Competitiveness Analysis of Selected Members of Commonwealth of Independent States and Turkey in Vegetables and Fruit Sector." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00820.

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Our paper aims to quantify levels of competitiveness of the selected Commonwealth of Independent States countries(Belarus, Moldova, Russia and Ukraine) and Turkey in vegetables and fruit sector and sub-sectors during the 1995-2012 period with respect to world market. Because only these CIS countries have prolonged annual data for vegetables and fruit sector in this period, these countries are selected for our paper. Our paper uses export and import data obtained from UNCTAD database and the data set covers the period of 1995 to 2012. To investigate competitiveness of these five countries five indexes are calculated: The Relative Comparative Advantage Index (RCA), The Relative Export Advantage Index (RXA), The Relative Import Penetration Index (RMP), The Relative Trade Advantage Index (RTA) and The Revealed Competitiveness (RC). Our findings indicate that Moldova and Turkey have high comparative advantage in vegetables and fruit sector than Belarus, Russia and Ukraine with respect to the world market. The comparative advantage level of Turkey has decreasing trend during the 1995-2012 period. The import penetration of Moldova has been higher level than Turkey which can be said as her rival.
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Purwanto, Alloysius Joko, and Dian Lutfiana. "Future Urban Mobility Development Framework to Maximise Benefits of Plugin Electric Vehicle Penetration in ASEAN Countries." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/wxva8048.

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Several Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) members have recently developed strategies for low carbon-emission mobility to decrease oil import dependency. The strategies emphasise, amongst others, the importance of removing obstacles to electrification of transport and promoting market development of road plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs). Concerns about the impacts of PEV penetration include how to ensure that (i) electricity used to feed the vehicles will be produced mostly from renewable energy sources to lower carbon emissions, and (ii) additional electricity demand will not put additional stress on urban electricity grid systems. We deduce two recommendations. First, because they use fossil-fuel energyintensive electric power, ASEAN countries need to increase urban density and compactness and stop urban sprawl, which will minimise energy use in transport, including PEVs. Generalised PEV travel cost will continue to decrease as new technology is increasingly adopted and the use of PEVs becomes more widespread. Only when a country develops renewable energy to generate electricity, such as through home-based solar photovoltaic systems, can it relax its policies on urban sprawl. Second, ASEAN countries need to avoid putting stress on the electric power grid and to maximise the use of renewables to generate power. Integrating these objectives will help determine the location of charging facilities and the measures to support mobility
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Demaske, Brian J., and Tracy J. Vogler. "Hypervelocity penetration of granular silicon carbide from mesoscale simulations." In 2019 15th Hypervelocity Impact Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/hvis2019-033.

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Abstract Penetration of gold rods into SiC powder targets at velocities of 1 to 3 km/s are investigated using mesoscale simulations. The range of impact velocities is chosen to coincide with previous penetration experiments and represents a new regime over which to test the applicability of mesoscale simulations of granular materials. Both 2D and 3D geometries of the combined penetrator and powder system are considered. Analysis of the penetration depth histories at various impact velocities shows the penetrator undergoes an initial transient period of rapid deceleration within the first several microseconds before converging to a steady state characterized by jumps in the penetration velocity on the order of a few hundred meters per second. Steady-state penetration velocities obtained from 2D and 3D simulations agree well with one another, but lie below those computed using hydrodynamic theory, which indicates a non-zero strength for the simulated powders over this range of impact velocities. For comparable initial powder densities, 3D simulations predict steady-state penetration velocities in good agreement with those measured in penetration experiments on pre-compacted SiC powder specimens.
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Coppinger, Matthew J., W. Casey Uhlig, and John H. J. Niederhaus. "Simulating Lateral Drift of a Shaped Charge Jet in ALEGRA." In 2019 15th Hypervelocity Impact Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/hvis2019-024.

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Abstract Shaped charge jet (SCJ) research has long been an active area for industrial, academic, and defense organizations. Traditionally, the depth of penetration (DOP) has been one of the most important metrics for the evaluation of shaped charge jet performance, and early 1D analytical penetration models based on hydrodynamic penetration were created with this metric in mind [1]. As the standoff of a shaped charge jet increases, the DOP reaches a maximum and then begins to decrease. A simple 1D hydrodynamic penetration model must account for the totality of the jet material on axis penetrating, and as a result experimental DOP at longer standoffs is lower than the analytical models predicted. Some analytical models reasoned that since a velocity gradient evolves as a SCJ forms, contributions to penetration from jet material below a minimum jet or penetration velocity should be eliminated. These were better able to account for the difference between analytical hydrodynamic and experimental DOPs [2]. The actual difference between analytical hydrodynamic penetration theory and experimentally recorded values is now regarded to be a result of 3D phenomena including particle tumbling and motion transverse to the jet axis known as lateral drift [2]. The origins of these 3D phenomena have been attributed to sources including variability in the uniformity of the explosive charge or the microstructure of the liner [2,3].
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Walters, William P., and Cyril L. Williams. "The Influence of Armor Material Parameters on the Penetration by Long-Rod Projectiles." In ASME 2006 Pressure Vessels and Piping/ICPVT-11 Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2006-icpvt-11-93716.

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The Alekseevski-Tate equations have long been used to predict the penetration, penetration velocity, rod velocity, and rod erosion of long-rod projectiles or kinetic-energy penetrators [1]. These nonlinear equations were originally solved numerically, then by the exact analytical solution of Walters and Segletes [2, 3]. However, due to the nonlinear nature of the equations, the penetration was obtained implicitly as a function of time, so that an explicit functional dependence of the penetration on material properties was not obtained. Walters and Williams [4, 5, 6] obtained the velocities, length, and penetration as an explicit function of time by employing a perturbation solution of the non-dimensional Alekseevski-Tate equations. Algebraic equations were obtained for a third-order perturbation solution which showed excellent agreement with the exact solution of the Tate equations for tungsten heavy alloy rods penetrating a semi-infinite armor plate. The current paper employs this model to rapidly assess the effect of increasing the impact velocity of the penetrator and increasing the armor material properties (density and target resistance) on penetration. This study is applicable to the design of hardened targets.
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Yaping, Tan, Jia Xin, Huang Zhengxiang, Cai Youer, and Zu Xudong. "Effect of Liquid Parameters on Protective Performance of a Liquid Composite Target Subjected to Jet Impact." In 2019 15th Hypervelocity Impact Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/hvis2019-093.

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Abstract In order to study the influence of liquid parameters on the protective performance of liquid composite targets (LCT), based on the theory of interaction between the jet and the LCT, three dimensionless numbers - C, G, and V - are obtained by dimensional analysis in this paper. These 3 dimensionless parameters represent the compressibility, inertia, and viscosity of the liquid, respectively. The empirical formula, P/H = 0.346C1.251G−0.7120V0.036, was obtained by fitting experimental data of the static depth of penetration (DOP) experiment which can predict the residual depth of penetration (RDOP) of the jet penetrating the LCT. It turns out that the 2 dimensionless parameters - C and G - which characterize the compressibility and inertia of the liquid, plays a decisive role in the protection performance of the LCT, while the influence of liquid viscosity is small. In addition, according to the research results of this paper, the protective performance of the LCT can be improved by selecting a liquid with high sound velocity, high viscosity, and low density.
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Nahra, Henry, Louis Ghosn, Eric Christiansen, Joshua Miller, and Bruce A. Davis. "Depth of penetration criteria on metallic surfaces for use in MMOD risk assessment." In 2019 15th Hypervelocity Impact Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/hvis2019-037.

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Abstract System level assessment of hypervelocity impacts by micrometeoroids and orbital debris (MMOD) relies on the definition of the spacecraft geometry and trajectory, the natural environment of the micrometeoroids and induced environment of the orbital space debris, ballistic limit equations and the failure criteria. The definition of the MMOD environments provides the particles flux and when is combined with the ballistic limit equations will determine the number of the critical penetrating particles that could result in the failure of the underlying component is calculated and is used to calculate the risk based on some failure criterion. Spacecraft geometry provides the shielding configuration over the spacecraft critical body which defines the selection of the ballistic limit equations to be used in the risk assessment. The definition of the failure criterion for metallic pressure systems involves the definition of the allowable depth of penetration that could result in leakage or burst of the component. This paper addresses the definition of the allowable depth of penetration of generic metallic tanks from MMOD impacts. The allowable penetration depth of metal tanks is based on a fracture mechanics approach calibrated using biaxially stressed coupons tests subjected to Hypervelocity Impacts (HVI). The planar crack-crack spacing was based on the craters spacing distribution of the HVI coupon tests. The Stress Intensity Factor (SIF) as a function of crater depths and crater spacing and applied remote stress is calculated using NASGRO®, a linear fracture mechanics software. The calculated SIF is compared with the material fracture toughness to determine if the craters result in a failure of the coupons under biaxial stress. This work resulted in a recommended allowable depth of penetration of 20% on the surfaces of metallic pressure vessels on spacecraft.
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Liu, Yucheng, Yangqing Dou, and Youssef Hammi. "Computational Investigation of High Velocity Penetration of Copper Subjected to Impact From Nickel Projectiles." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-50241.

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A computational simulation of penetration between nickel projectile and copper plate with high velocity in macro scale has been built. It is the first time a comprehensive investigation of penetration between these two materials. A threshold velocity between a nickel projectile and a copper plate is determined by mathematical equation in this paper. ABAQUS/Explicit is used to verify this threshold velocity by setting different velocities under the same condition and displaying visual animation of penetration results. John-cook model has been chosen to represent two material plastic behaviors. The shapes of penetrator and target are shown in order to expose penetration procedure and phenomena. Stress patterns and perforation features are adopted to make a good understanding of Ni-Cu penetration mechanism from computational study.
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Yang, Yancheng, and Haixiao Liu. "Coupled Discrete Element-Finite Difference Method Simulations of OMNI-Max Anchor Installation in Granular Seabed." In ASME 2020 39th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2020-18452.

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Abstract The ocean resources development is becoming increasingly urgent as the depletion of land reserves combine to enhance demand. In some of the deep-water areas, terrigenous deposits are found near landmasses, which are formed from material eroded from the land surface. They are constituted of clay, silt, sand, and granular soil. More and more gravity installed anchors (GIA) are employed as a part of the offshore foundation systems in these deep-water areas. A kind of newly developed GIA, called OMNI-Max anchor, with a mooring arm located near the anchor tip that is free to rotate about the anchor length, are an effective approach for mooring marine devices to the ocean floor. While providing the reaction force, these anchors can maintain the stability of offshore facilities. The ability of the anchor to achieve these duties relies on its keying and diving behaviors after penetration. Both shallow and deep penetrations, including offshore foundations and anchors penetrations, in granular media are what long interests geotechnical and geophysical fields. The final penetration depth of GIA in the granular seabed is also influenced by quite a few factors, such as impact velocity, particle size distribution (PSD) and anchor surface friction. However, this kind of large-strain problem is not agreeable to typical continuum numerical methods. In the current work, we propose that the coupled discrete element method (DEM) and finite difference method (FDM) is a more proper and efficient tool to investigate the penetration of OMNI-Max anchors in granular soil. The effects of the factors mentioned above are considered in the coupled DEM-FDM simulations. The relative ultimate penetration depths for different penetration conditions are presented and quantified. The response of granular material during penetration is applied to provide insight into system response at the microscale. Energy dissipation in the assembly by both friction and collision at the particle scale is considered. Results show that anchor penetration depth grows with rising impact velocity, while it decreases with an increase of anchor surface friction. When the ratio of fluke width and median diameter of granular size is smaller than 5.6, even under a relatively loose state, the application of OMNI-Max anchor is not recommended because of difficulty in assuring the required penetration depth (about 1.3 anchor lengths, 11.90 m). Although, at the similar impact velocity, the GIA tip embedment in sand is quite shallower than that in clay, alternative GIA designs may realize higher penetrations in the sand, and prove to be viable anchoring solution for granular seabed sediments. Finally, the fabric characters after penetrations are presented to analyze and reveal the state of soil experienced drastic disturbance. The characteristics of these distributions tend to particular states depending on the relative position to the anchor, which have a significant influence on subsequent behaviors of OMNI-Max anchor during the keying process.
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Huang, Yolin I., and William J. Bruchey. "Impact Simulation Plus Probability of Material Failure." In ASME 1995 15th International Computers in Engineering Conference and the ASME 1995 9th Annual Engineering Database Symposium collocated with the ASME 1995 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cie1995-0753.

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Abstract A study to investigate the probabilistic variation in material failure mechanics of a typical high hardness armor (HHA) impacted by a tungsten penetrator was conducted. The HULL package was patched for simulation studies. Results from two different sets of calculations, each with a different randomness level, showed a relationship between the final penetrator lengths (between stations) and the prescribed randomness. Since higher percent deviation is likely associated with the higher failure rate of the target material, thus, at lower percent deviations, there is less penetration into the target and more compression of the penetrator, resulting in a smaller final length. Hence, the relationship seems to be a result of the compressive state of the penetrator rather than a result of its erosion. This relationship is likely to be present also in a more rigorous calculation with a Lagrangian-based formulation.
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Reports on the topic "Import penetration"

1

Belytschko, Ted, Wing K. Liu, and Mark O'Neal. Contact-Impact Algorithms for Penetration Studies. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada231049.

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Lew, D., N. Miller, K. Clark, G. Jordan, and Z. Gao. Impact of High Solar Penetration in the Western Interconnection. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1000106.

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Milligan, M., B. Kirby, R. Gramlich, and M. Goggin. Impact of Electric Industry Structure on High Wind Penetration Potential. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/962494.

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Yeh, Peter Derek, Emily A. Donahue, Timothy J. Miller, Lloyd Rus Payne, John P. Korbin, and Russell D. Teeter. Plate Impact and Penetration at the Ballistic Launch Tube: Experiments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1592896.

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Behner, Th, Ch E. Anderson Jr., D. L. Orphal, M. Wickert, V. Hohler, and D. W. Templeton. Failure and Penetration Response of Borosilicate Glass During Short Rod Impact. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada518605.

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Sparks, Paul, Jesse Sherburn, William Heard, and Brett Williams. Penetration modeling of ultra‐high performance concrete using multiscale meshfree methods. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41963.

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Terminal ballistics of concrete is of extreme importance to the military and civil communities. Over the past few decades, ultra‐high performance concrete (UHPC) has been developed for various applications in the design of protective structures because UHPC has an enhanced ballistic resistance over conventional strength concrete. Developing predictive numerical models of UHPC subjected to penetration is critical in understanding the material's enhanced performance. This study employs the advanced fundamental concrete (AFC) model, and it runs inside the reproducing kernel particle method (RKPM)‐based code known as the nonlinear meshfree analysis program (NMAP). NMAP is advantageous for modeling impact and penetration problems that exhibit extreme deformation and material fragmentation. A comprehensive experimental study was conducted to characterize the UHPC. The investigation consisted of fracture toughness testing, the utilization of nondestructive microcomputed tomography analysis, and projectile penetration shots on the UHPC targets. To improve the accuracy of the model, a new scaled damage evolution law (SDEL) is employed within the microcrack informed damage model. During the homogenized macroscopic calculation, the corresponding microscopic cell needs to be dimensionally equivalent to the mesh dimension when the partial differential equation becomes ill posed and strain softening ensues. Results of numerical investigations will be compared with results of penetration experiments.
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Laxson, A., M. M. Hand, and N. Blair. High Wind Penetration Impact on U.S. Wind Manufacturing Capacity and Critical Resources. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/893230.

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Altman, B. S. Users manual for CATNIP: A computer analysis tool for normal impact penetration. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10106470.

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Taylor, Paul A., Candice Frances Cooper, and Damon J. Burnett. Wound Ballistics Modeling for Blast Loading Blunt Force Impact and Projectile Penetration. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1221179.

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Taylor, Paul A. Wound Ballistics Modeling for Blast Loading Blunt Force Impact and Projectile Penetration. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1331526.

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