Relevant bibliographies by topics / Import and Export performance

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Import and Export performance'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 18 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Import and Export performance"

1

Patrick, Romaine, and Phocenah Nyatanga. "South Africa’s Trade Performance under Alternative Exchange Rate Regimes." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no. 6 (December 22, 2018): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i6.2616.

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This study examined the effect exchange rates have on import and export volumes under alternative exchange rate policies adopted in South Africa over the period 1960 to 2017. Using quarterly time series data for the stated period, a log-linear error correction model is employed to estimate the country’s export and import elasticities, taking into account Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the real price of exports, the real price of imports and real exchange rates. Using the freely floating exchange rate regime as the base period, the study concluded that both export and import volumes are lower under a system of fixed exchange rates. Export and import volumes were also found to be lower under the dual exchange rate regime, relative to the freely floating exchange rate regime. In accordance with export-led growth strategies, exports were found to be higher and imports lower under a managed floating exchange rate regime. It is therefore recommended that South Africa revert to a more managed exchange rate regime, until the South African economy is developed to accommodate a freely floating exchange rate regime.
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Patrick, Romaine, and Phocenah Nyatanga. "South Africa’s Trade Performance under Alternative Exchange Rate Regimes." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no. 6(J) (December 22, 2018): 261–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i6(j).2616.

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This study examined the effect exchange rates have on import and export volumes under alternative exchange rate policies adopted in South Africa over the period 1960 to 2017. Using quarterly time series data for the stated period, a log-linear error correction model is employed to estimate the country’s export and import elasticities, taking into account Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the real price of exports, the real price of imports and real exchange rates. Using the freely floating exchange rate regime as the base period, the study concluded that both export and import volumes are lower under a system of fixed exchange rates. Export and import volumes were also found to be lower under the dual exchange rate regime, relative to the freely floating exchange rate regime. In accordance with export-led growth strategies, exports were found to be higher and imports lower under a managed floating exchange rate regime. It is therefore recommended that South Africa revert to a more managed exchange rate regime, until the South African economy is developed to accommodate a freely floating exchange rate regime.
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Herander, Mark G., and Christopher R. Thomas. "Export Performance and Export-Import Linkage Requirements." Quarterly Journal of Economics 101, no. 3 (August 1986): 591. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1885698.

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Ali, Ali Abdulkadir, Ali Yassin Sheikh Ali, and Mohamed Saney Dalmar. "The Impact of Imports and Exports Performance on the Economic Growth of Somalia." International Journal of Economics and Finance 10, no. 1 (December 10, 2017): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v10n1p110.

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In this paper the impact of exports and imports on the economic growth of Somalia over the period 1970-1991 was investigated. The study applied econometric methods such as Ordinary Least Squares technique. The Granger Causality and Johansen Co-integration tests were also used for analysing the long term association. By using Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and Phillip-Perron (PP) stationarity test, the variables proved to be integrated of the order one 1(1) at first difference. Johansen test of co-integration was used to determine if there is a long run association in the variables. To determine the direction of causality among the variables, both in the long and short run, the Pair-wise Granger Causality test was carried out. It was found that economic growth does not Granger Cause Export but was found hat export Granger Cause GDP. So this implies that there is unidirectional causality between exports and economic growth. Also there is bidirectional Granger Causality between import and export. The results show that economic growth in Somalia requires export-led growth strategy as well as export led import. Imports and exports are thus seen as the source of economic growth in Somalia.
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Nugroho, Agus Dwi, Jamhari Jamhari, and Jangkung Handoyo Mulyo. "DINAMIKA PERDAGANGAN BERAS VIETNAM." Agro Ekonomi 24, no. 1 (January 25, 2017): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/agroekonomi.17697.

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The aims of this study is to analyze the performance of export-import, competitiveness and the factors affecting export-import of Vietnam rice. Type of data used is secondary data of 1980-2009. To determine the fluctuation of export-import trade were applied trend and trade specialization ratio. To find out the analysis of competitiveness were run revealed comparative advantage (RCA) and acceleration ratio (AR). To investigate the factors affecting the export and import used error correction model (ECM). Vietnam export trend showed an increase and imports trend showed a decline and in the maturity stage. Vietnam has high competitiveness but the exports acceleration is low. Vietnam’s export affected by per capita rice availability and the exchange rate while imports of Vietnam affected by the production, world rice prices and real national income.
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Oh, Dae-Hyuck. "An Empirical Study on the Effects of the US-China Trade Disputes on Korean Business Performance." Institute of Management and Economy Research 13, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 183–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.32599/apjb.13.2.202206.183.

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Purpose - The study attempted to analyze how the U.S.-China trade dispute affects a highly trade-dependent South Korea. Currently, major domestic and international institutions have issued a number of conflicting predictions that the trade dispute between China and the United States will have a positive and negative impact on South Korea. Accordingly, the present study attempted to analyze using actual data. Design/methodology/approach - The analysis was conducted using actual import and export data from the United States and China and actual import and export data from the United States and China from South Korea. The analysis measured the number and amount of imports and exports by year and month, and the rate of increase and decrease. We also looked at trade dispute days, import and export outcomes and what the impact was. In addition, as a result of the US-China trade dispute, the amount of change in Korea's imports and exports was analyzed. Findings - Empirical analysis shows that South Korea's exports to the United States and China have increased. The analysis results are as follows. First, exports to the United States increased by 5.65% in 2018 and 6.45% in 2019 compared to 2017. Second, exports to China surged 12.34% in 2018 compared to 2017. This increase in South Korea's exports to the United States and its mass exports to the United States shows that South Korea has benefited from the trade dispute between the United States and China. Research implications or Originality - South Korea, which is highly trade-dependent, has been heavily affected by the U.S.-China trade dispute. Various predictions are made about this. The analysis showed that South Korea's export volume has increased. In the end, the effect of the trade transition to the 3rd country did not occur. Rather, the U.S.-China trade dispute appears to have helped South Korea.
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Erni Puspanantasari Putri. "Performance Evaluation Using the DEA-Stepwise Modeling Approach Method: Case Study of the Export-Import Sector in Indonesia." Jurnal Serambi Engineering 9, no. 1 (December 14, 2023): 7758–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32672/jse.v9i1.740.

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The export and import industry are now a significant determinant of a nation's economic progress in the age of globalization. A nation's ability to export helps it earn foreign cash that it can utilize to fund development and spur economic expansion. Conversely, import-related activities might assist in satisfying the need for products or services that cannot be effectively provided domestically. Entrepreneurs can increase the competitiveness of local products and the quality of their products through imports and exports, which will enhance both industrial progress and community welfare. To maximize the nation's economic progress, the government and business owners must continue to boost import-export activity. The objective of this study is to evaluate Indonesia's export-import sector's performance using the stepwise modeling approach and the DEA method. One technique to determine which export-import sector activities are effective and ineffective is performance evaluation. These two sectors can support the country's economy in this way and do so with a long-term approach. The research results indicate that efficient DMUs have the smallest presentation (20%) and inefficient DMUs have the largest percentage (80%). The efficient DMU category is C (1). Inefficient DMU categories, namely: SK (0.285), S (0.193), M-US (0.472), and T-J (0.11).
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Cuevas Ahumada, Víctor M., and Cuauhtémoc Calderón Villarreal. "Mexico and China in the US manufacturing market: An empirical analysis." Contaduría y Administración 65, no. 4 (September 5, 2019): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/fca.24488410e.2020.2024.

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<p>This paper conducts a disaggregated comparative analysis of China’s and Mexico’s export dynamism in the US manufacturing market over the period 1994-2015 and, against this backdrop, it estimates a panel data econometric model showing the impact of key variables on Mexico’s export performance across manufacturing subsectors of different technology categories. Export performance is measured in terms of import market shares in the US and numerous econometric issues are addressed to produce a plausible model. In addition to capturing some heterogeneity among different manufacturing subsectors, this study shows that: (i) a depreciation of the real exchange rate calculated for each subsector worsens (rather than improves) Mexico’s export performance, which is likely due not only to the high import content of Mexican manufacturing exports, but also to the increasing weight of the private sector’s external liabilities; (ii) a fall in domestic unit labor costs has a positive impact on Mexico’s export performance, which highlights the importance of raising labor productivity faster than wages; and (iii) a reduction in US unit labor costs deteriorates Mexico’s export performance. In this context, the empirical evidence leads to clear-cut policy recommendations to raise export performance and thus economic growth.</p>
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Hastuti Siregar, Wibowo, Anda Nugroho, and Dea Amanda. "Performance Analysis and Trade Strategy Indonesia-MERCOSURE." JURNAL EKONOMI DAN KEBIJAKAN PEMBANGUNAN 8, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 101–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jekp.8.2.2019.101-119.

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Indonesia has established various cooperative relationships with Latin American countries. Various efforts to explore Indonesia's cooperation with other countries have been continuously done, especially with MERCOSUR founding countries (Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay) as a potential market for Indonesian export products. The objectives of this study are (1) identifying the trade performance between Indonesia and MERCOSUR countries; (2) analyzing factors affecting Indonesia’s export to MERCOSUR countries; and (3) formulating strategies for trade cooperation between Indonesia and MERCOSUR countries. The analytical methods used are Qualitative Descriptive Analysis, Gravity Model, and SWOT Analysis. The results show that the value of Indonesia's exports and imports to MERCOSUR countries is still small compared to other competing countries. Import tariffs imposed by MERCOSUR countries on Indonesia's main export products are still relatively high, on the contrary, import tariffs imposed by Indonesia on MERCOSUR's main products are relatively low. Indonesia's exports to MERCOSUR countries are positively and significantly affected by the GDP of MERCOSUR countries. The recommendations for Indonesia-MERCOSUR trade cooperation strategies are: (1) optimizing Indonesia's ability to meet the MERCOSUR market, especially for palm oil, rubber, auto parts, artificial fibers, footwear, coconuts, and tobacco; (2) increasing cooperation intensity in Free Trade Area (FTA) form; (3) improving tariff structure and non-tariff barriers; and (4) strengthening the economic diplomacy.
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Zhou, Jiehong, Yu Wang, and Rui Mao. "Dynamic and spillover effects of USA import refusals on China’s agricultural trade: Evidence from monthly data." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 65, No. 9 (September 25, 2019): 425–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/15/2019-agricecon.

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Border inspections by developed nations are an essential export barrier to developing countries. Import refusals, in particular, not only exhibit dynamic impacts on exporters’ performance in the refused destination but may also spill over into exports toward third markets. Using a panel structural vector autoregression model, the complete dynamics of China’s agricultural export in response to United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) import refusals is estimated at the monthly level. Despite notable heterogeneities across sectors, negative and positive reactions that last mostly less than a year are revealed respectively for the quantity and price of China’s exports to USA on average. The impact of idiosyncratic component dominates that of common component in the refusal shock, highlighting the sensitivity of exports to sector-specific border inspections. Relative to other refusal charges, larger export contractions tend to follow adulteration charges. The trade effect of FDA refusals spills over into other main export destinations of China. While non-adulteration charges result in trade deflections on average, a contagious export reduction is observed in most non-US markets. These results provide insights for exporters to make strategies with a focus on specific sectors, charges, third markets and especially on the short run to cope with import refusals.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Import and Export performance"

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Woldemichael, Martha Tesfaye. "Essays on international trade and export performance." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne‎ (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAD010.

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Certains pays se sont historiquement développés en s'ouvrant au commerce et en adoptant une stratégie de croissance tirée par les exportations manufacturières. Le commerce promeut l'allocation efficace des ressources suivant l'avantage comparatif, les importations favorisant les transferts technologiques et la croissance de la productivité, alors que les exportations jouent un rôle-clé en soutenant la balance des paiements et les efforts de mobilisation des recettes domestiques. En stimulant la croissance, le commerce offre la possibilité de réduire la pauvreté et d'améliorer les conditions de vie des populations. En se fondant sur le cas du Cambodge où l'industrie du textile et de l'habillement fournit la majorité des emplois manufacturiers et représente l'essentiel des exportations du pays, le Chapitre 2 montre que l'ouverture commerciale à travers les exportations manufacturières permet d'améliorer le bien-être des ménages. Nous utilisons la méthode d'appariement par score de propension pour montrer que le secteur textile améliore le bien-être des ménages faisant partie des 40 pourcent les plus pauvres en augmentant leur consommation, l'accumulation d'actifs et la part des enfants allant à l'école, ainsi qu'en réduisant l'insécurité alimentaire et l'incidence et l'ampleur de la pauvreté. L'application de la méthode des variables instrumentales indique également que les transferts de migrants travaillant dans le secteur textile permettent de relâcher la contrainte budgétaire des ménages récipiendaires et d'augmenter les dépenses d'éducation, de santé et les investissements agricoles propices à la hausse de la productivité. Le Chapitre 3 adopte une approche macroéconomique et explore les déterminants d'épisodes de croissance forte et soutenue des exportations. Il en ressort que la qualité des institutions appuyée par la stabilité macroéconomique, la dépréciation du taux de change, la diversification des exportations, la participation aux chaînes de valeur mondiales et les réformes agricoles orientées vers le marché sont sources d'accélérations des exportations. L'accroissement de la concurrence sur le marché des industries de réseau et la levée des restrictions aux mouvements de capitaux stimulent surtout les exportations de services, alors que les flux d'investissements directs étrangers favorisent les accélérations des exportations de biens. L'application de la méthode du contrôle synthétique aux cas illustratifs du Brésil et du Pérou révèle que les accélérations des exportations sont suivies par une croissance du PIB par tête réel et une baisse du chômage et des inégalités de revenu. Les résultats du chapitre indiquent une complémentarité entre les biens et les services et suggèrent que l'abaissement des barrières au commerce des services serait également favorable à celui des biens. Le Chapitre 4 quantifie une nouvelle source de barrières au commerce liée au temps de traitement des importations en douanes. L'imprévisibilité des délais d'attente liés au dédouanement des marchandises importées entache la fiabilité de la chaîne d'approvisionnement et affecte la performance à l'export des firmes importatrices de biens intermédiaires. En utilisant l'estimateur Poisson du pseudo maximum de vraisemblance, nous trouvons que l'incertitude liée aux délais de traitement en douanes des biens intermédiaires importés n'impacte ni le taux d'entrée, ni le taux de sortie des firmes manufacturières, mais se traduit par une réduction des taux de survie des nouveaux exportateurs. Cet effet s'avère hétérogène à travers les industries, croît avec le temps en raison de la dégradation de la réputation des exportateurs et semble tiré par le commerce Sud-Nord, sans doute parce que les acheteurs dans les pays développés sont plus sensibles au temps. Il est également atténué par les coûts irrécupérables d'entrée sur les marchés
Historical evidence shows that countries can successfully develop by opening up to trade and pursuing manufacturing export-led strategies. Trade promotes efficient allocation of resources according to comparative advantage, with imports acting as a vehicle for technology transfers and productivity growth while exports are key to relaxing balance-of-payments constraints and supporting domestic revenue mobilization efforts. By spurring growth, trade has the potential of alleviating poverty and delivering better livelihoods. Drawing on the case of Cambodia where the garment industry provides the bulk of manufacturing jobs and accounts for the lion's share of the export bundle, Chapter 2 provides micro evidence of the welfare-enhancing potential of trade openness through manufacturing exports. It relies on propensity score matching estimators to show that the textile and apparel sector enhances the welfare of households in the bottom 40 percent of the income distribution, boosting consumption, asset ownership and the proportion of children attending school, while curbing exposure to food insecurity and lowering the incidence and depth of poverty. Based on instrumental variables, we also show that remittances from the export-oriented garment industry relax household budget constraints, increasing expenditures in education, health and productivity-raising investments in agriculture. Chapter 3 adopts a macro approach to investigate the determinants of episodes of strong and sustained export growth. Institutional quality underpinned by macroeconomic stability, a depreciated exchange rate, export diversification, global value chain participation and market-oriented agricultural reforms show up as strong predictors of export takeoffs. Lowering barriers to competition in network industries and lifting capital movement restrictions mainly bolster services exports, while foreign direct investment inflows are conducive to goods export accelerations. Applying the synthetic control method to the illustrative cases of Brazil and Peru yields evidence of higher real GDP per capita and lower unemployment and income inequality in the years following the export surge. Our results point to significant complementarities between goods and services, and suggest that lowering barriers to trade in services is likely to support trade in goods. Chapter 4 quantifies a new source of domestic trade costs related to import processing times at the border that generate supply chain unreliability by exposing importing firms to unexpected delays in the provision of critical inputs, ultimately undermining their export performance. Using the Poisson-pseudo-maximum-likelihood estimator, we find that uncertainty in the time required to clear imported inputs through Customs impacts neither the entry nor the exit rate of manufacturing firms, but translates into lower survival rates for new exporters. This effect is heterogeneous across export industries, grows larger over time owing to rising reputational costs to input-importing exporters, and is mainly driven by South-North trade, possibly reflecting the time-sensitivity of buyers in developed countries. It is also attenuated by sunk costs of entry in foreign markets
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Shamsuddoha, A. K. "Antecedents of firm export performance: the role of export promotion programs." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2005. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16153/1/A._K._Shamsuddoha_Thesis.pdf.

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This study empirically investigates the direct and indirect effects of export promotion programs (EPPs) on firm export performance. Government export promotion programs normally define the premise for successful exporting activities of the corporate sector and play a key role in stimulating international business activities of firms (Cavusgil and Michael, 1990; Marandu, 1995; Seringhaus and Rosson, 1990). While the extant literature on export performance mostly neglected EPPs as an antecedent of export performance, the literature on export promotion fails to relate it to export performance. A very few researchers in this area have focused on a direct relationship between EPPs and firm export performance, however, no study has investigated the effect of EPPs on other determinants of export performance toward establishing any indirect relation between EPPs and export performance. This study attempts to develop and test a comprehensive model of firm export performance that investigates how EPPs directly and indirectly influence firm export performance. Theoretical foundations are drawn from internationalization process and resource-based theories as frameworks for the analysis of the study. The model integrates the use of EPPs, management perception of export market environment, export knowledge, export commitment, and export strategy that influence firm export performance and develops a number of hypotheses. Export promotion programs are classified into two categories according to their similarity of purpose- "market development", and "finance and guarantee" related programs. All other variables in the model are latent and are measured by a set of observed items. The model is tested on primary data obtained from a sample survey of exporting firms drawn from three major export oriented industries in Bangladesh. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) techniques (in AMOS 5) are used to test the validity of the overall model and the relationship between variables hypothesized in the model. A two stage process is employed whereby the construct measurements are first evaluated, followed by an evaluation of the structural relationships. Analysis of the structural relationships supports most of the hypothesized relationships. The dimensions of export promotion programs are found to positively impact overall export performance. The research findings demonstrate that the use of market development-related export promotion programs influence firm export performance directly as well as indirectly through management perception of the export market environment, export knowledge and commitment. However, finance and guarantee-related export promotion programs indirectly influence export performance through export commitment. The study provides a guideline for managers of firms suggesting how they can benefit from EPPs in improving their positive attitude towards the export market environment, building their knowledge and enhancing commitment to exporting for better success in their international operations. This study provides guidelines to policymakers in designing and targeting export promotion programs effectively. The study also contributes to the literature by examining the indirect impact of EPPs on firm export performance. Finally, the limitations of the study are considered and possible directions for further research outlined.
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Shamsuddoha, A. K. "Antecedents of firm export performance: the role of export promotion programs." Queensland University of Technology, 2005. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16153/.

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This study empirically investigates the direct and indirect effects of export promotion programs (EPPs) on firm export performance. Government export promotion programs normally define the premise for successful exporting activities of the corporate sector and play a key role in stimulating international business activities of firms (Cavusgil and Michael, 1990; Marandu, 1995; Seringhaus and Rosson, 1990). While the extant literature on export performance mostly neglected EPPs as an antecedent of export performance, the literature on export promotion fails to relate it to export performance. A very few researchers in this area have focused on a direct relationship between EPPs and firm export performance, however, no study has investigated the effect of EPPs on other determinants of export performance toward establishing any indirect relation between EPPs and export performance. This study attempts to develop and test a comprehensive model of firm export performance that investigates how EPPs directly and indirectly influence firm export performance. Theoretical foundations are drawn from internationalization process and resource-based theories as frameworks for the analysis of the study. The model integrates the use of EPPs, management perception of export market environment, export knowledge, export commitment, and export strategy that influence firm export performance and develops a number of hypotheses. Export promotion programs are classified into two categories according to their similarity of purpose- "market development", and "finance and guarantee" related programs. All other variables in the model are latent and are measured by a set of observed items. The model is tested on primary data obtained from a sample survey of exporting firms drawn from three major export oriented industries in Bangladesh. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) techniques (in AMOS 5) are used to test the validity of the overall model and the relationship between variables hypothesized in the model. A two stage process is employed whereby the construct measurements are first evaluated, followed by an evaluation of the structural relationships. Analysis of the structural relationships supports most of the hypothesized relationships. The dimensions of export promotion programs are found to positively impact overall export performance. The research findings demonstrate that the use of market development-related export promotion programs influence firm export performance directly as well as indirectly through management perception of the export market environment, export knowledge and commitment. However, finance and guarantee-related export promotion programs indirectly influence export performance through export commitment. The study provides a guideline for managers of firms suggesting how they can benefit from EPPs in improving their positive attitude towards the export market environment, building their knowledge and enhancing commitment to exporting for better success in their international operations. This study provides guidelines to policymakers in designing and targeting export promotion programs effectively. The study also contributes to the literature by examining the indirect impact of EPPs on firm export performance. Finally, the limitations of the study are considered and possible directions for further research outlined.
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George, Romy Leigh. "A critical investigation and performance management in the import and export industry in Cape Town, South Africa." Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1757.

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Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree DOCTOR TECHNOLOGIAE Human Resource Management CAPE PENINSULA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY 2014
This study sought to gain a better understanding of the recruitment and performance management functions in the import and export industry in Cape Town, South Africa. While many studies have been conducted on recruitment and performance management, there is a paucity of research on these two functions within the industry. Recruitment and performance management are vital human capital and human resource (HR) functions that play a crucial role in guaranteeing an organisation’s ability to achieve its business strategy. Furthermore, studies have shown that in recent years, performance management has become intrinsic to most organisations. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop awareness relating to the importance of the recruitment and performance management functions, among all levels of management. The research comprised five phases of data collection from 151 randomly selected respondents. A questionnaire was developed and distributed to gain insight into how these two functions were executed within the industry under investigation. Thereafter a performance management module was developed and implemented, and the questionnaire was redistributed after six months. The results support the view that the functions of recruitment and performance management are poorly managed within the industry. Furthermore, the intervention of the performance management module indicates that interaction with employees relating to individual performance enhances both their work performance and general awareness of inter-personal and organisational issues. The findings from this research suggest that recruitment and performance management are essential HR practices often overlooked in an environment that is random and extremely demanding. Disregard of these practices, especially performance management, has proved to have a negative impact on employee job performance. It is therefore recommended that organisations follow processes and invest in such programmes, not only to achieve their organisational goals, but also to develop and enhance employee performance. This study has specific and important implications for the import and export industry in Cape Town, substantiating the researcher’s premise that effective recruitment and performance management can improve and facilitate the management of the industry’s employees.
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Tamang, Karan. "Examiation of complementary and competitive aspects of trade relations between India and Chaina." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2022. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/5124.

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Mota, Likese Angelinah. "Analyzing the relationship between the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Lesotho and manufacturing :1997to 2007." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_4707_1297857069.

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The study draws on secondary data from the Bureau of Statistics in Lesotho. Simple and multiple linear regression models techniques are used to analyze the relationship between the GDP of Lesotho and the GDP of manufacturing. The secondary data is analyzed using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Excel. The major finding is that there exists a strong positive linear relationship ( r = 0.986) between the GDP of Lesotho and the GDP of manufacturing. This means that every time the GDP of manufacturing increases the GDP of Lesotho does the same. Based on this finding, the study recommends that in order to improve, sustain and maintain the economic growth and to avoid further deterioration in the manufacturing industry, the manufacturing capacity must be strengthened for it to effectively deal with growing competition and rapid economic changes.

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Lu, Nhat Vinh. "Export marketing performance of Australian export market ventures : investigating the impact of the internet, firm-specific characteristics, market characteristics, and export marketing strategy /." Title page, abstract and table of contents only, 2004. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09C/09cl9261.pdf.

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Simões, Luís Carlos Ganhão. "Why some firms succeed in exporting while others do not? The impact of resources and capabilities on firms' export performance." Master's thesis, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.8/953.

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Dissertação de Mestrado em Negócios Internacionais apresentada à ESTG - Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão do Instituto Politécnico de Leiria.
Why do some firms succeed in exporting while others do not? Export activities are a crucial area of international business but the drivers of superior export performance are not yet well understood. In this study, employing a sample of 52 Portuguese firms, we examine what are the distinctive resources and capabilities associated to superior export performance through the establishment of sustainable competitive advantages. Resource-based view supports the development of explicit hypothesis. Different combinations of export-related resources and capabilities are identified as source of cost, product and service-type advantages and how do these advantages impact economic, strategic and relational dimensions of export performance. The findings of this study have important implications for theory, managers and policymakers. Limitations of the study are considered, and future research directions are identified.
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Souchon, A. L. "The use of information in an export setting : the construct, its antecedents, and its impact on export performance." Thesis, Swansea University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.639090.

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The study of export information use is in its infancy stage since the export information literature has tended to focus on acquisition rather than use issues. The objectives were thus the development of reliable and valid measures of export information use, and the assessment or antecedents and impact on export performance. After reviewing the literature, an exploratory study of export decision-makers was undertaken. The results suggested the existence of two types of export information use: instrumental/conceptual and symbolic. A mail questionnaire was developed on the basis of both the literature review (Chapter Two) and the exploratory study (Chapter Three). The research instrument was pretested. For the main mail survey, a sample of 198 cases was achieved. Established measure development procedures were employed for producing scales of use of information acquired via different types of sources. In addition, measures of export information acquisition, intra-organisational use (reflecting extent of use) and export performance were developed to enhance the analysis. Finally, an overall model of export information use was tested via a series of multiple regression and moderated regression approaches. The antecedents to export information use examined in this study encompassed company size, export experience, export structure, export dependence, and export complexity, acquisition from different types of sources, awareness of export information sources, information intensity, over-acquisition, overload and environmental turbulence. Some of these variables were found to be directly related to export information use while others were linked to use through acquisition. Intra-organisational use of export information was found to have a positive link with export performance, as did instrumental/conceptual use of export market intelligence information. Instrumental/conceptual use of both export marketing research and export assistance information were found to be negatively related to export performance.
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Mert, Ayse. "The Impact Of Ceo And Human Capital Characteristics On Sme Export Performance." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12608947/index.pdf.

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The objective of this study is to investigate the determinants of the export behavior of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Turkey. In SMEs, key decision makers play important roles
therefore, studying the impact of managerial characteristics is of paramount importance for understanding the determinants of SME export behavior. Particularly, possible relations between CEO age, tenure, level of education, international experience and foreign language skills and the export performance of SMEs will be examined. While doing this, two distinct theories, namely, upper echelons perspective and resource-based view of the firm (RBV) will be integrated. Furthermore, the study will focus on the role of the human capital as a strategic resource that may enhance the SME export performance. The relations between international experience and foreign language skills of the human capital and SME export performance will be analyzed from upper echelons perspective and RBV point of view. Overall, this study attempts to illustrate that CEOs and human resources are valuable, rare, inimitable and non-substitutable resources for SMEs, and that studying their attributes in SME internationalization context is crucial to understanding the determinants of expert activities of SMEs. As a result, this study expects to reveal important implications for those who aim at increasing the export performance of SMEs. Practitioners may benefit from the findings by addressing which managerial and human capital characteristics influence SME export behavior and in which directions, so that they can better match the characteristics of CEOs and human capital with SMEs in order to attain higher export performance.
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Books on the topic "Import and Export performance"

1

India, Export-Import Bank of, ed. Indian export and economic growth performance in Asian perspective. Mumbai: Quest Publications, 2000.

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Fund, International Monetary, ed. Supply pressure and the export-import performance in the Japan-U.S. bilateral trade. Washington, D.C: International Monetary Fund, 1994.

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India, Export-Import Bank of. Export and import performance: A firm level survey of companies assisted by Exim Bank, 1992-1995. Mumbai: Export-Import Bank of India, 1996.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. Subcommittee on International Finance and Monetary Policy. The Export-Import Bank: Hearing before the Subcommittee on International Finance and Monetary Policy of the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Second Congress, first session, on the assessment of the outlook for U.S. exports over the next year, the mission of the bank strengthening its performance, Eximbank programs of credit reform, and the tied aid issue, June 13, 1991. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1991.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. Subcommittee on International Finance and Monetary Policy. The Export-Import Bank: Hearing before the Subcommittee on International Finance and Monetary Policy of the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Second Congress, first session on the assessment of the outlook for U.S. exports over the next year, the mission of the bank strengthening its performance, eximbank programs of credit reform, and the tied aid issue, June 13, 1991. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1991.

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Industrialization in Malaysia: Import substitution and infant industry performance. London: Routledge, 1996.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. Oversight activities of the Export-Import Bank: Hearing before the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, Ninety-ninth Congress, first session, on the problem of U.S. exports lost as a result of officially subsidized export credits provided by major foreign competitors, and the role and performance of the Export-Import Bank in providing competitive financing for U.S. exports to counter and eventually eliminate such official financing, February 5, 1985. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1985.

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Tekere, M. Performance of and constraints to Zimbabwe's manufacturing sector in Intra-COMESA trade: Export/import strategy and technology limitations. [Lusaka]: COMESA, Regional Integration Research Network, 2001.

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Muñoz, Sònia. Zimbabwe's export performance: The impact of the parallel market and governance factors. Washington, D.C: International Monetary Fund, African Dept., 2006.

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Brown, Sophie. Impact of Business Association Services and Training Programs on Export Performance. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-30467-6.

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Book chapters on the topic "Import and Export performance"

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Collins-Dodd, Colleen, and June Francis. "The Impact of Export Orientation on the Export Performance of High-Tech SMEs." In Developments in Marketing Science: Proceedings of the Academy of Marketing Science, 56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13078-1_19.

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Bandyopadhyay, Kuntala. "The Impact of Global Labour Standards on Export Performance." In Sustainability Standards and Global Governance, 113–29. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3473-7_7.

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Weik, Martin H. "export-import." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 553. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_6594.

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Weik, Martin H. "export/import." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 553. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_6595.

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Weik, Martin H. "import-export." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 756. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_8706.

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Weik, Martin H. "import/export." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 756. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_8707.

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Wainwright, Lauren A. "Import, Export." In Global Byzantium, 354–71. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429291012-19.

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Morse, Leon Wm. "Import-Export Traffic." In Practical Handbook of Industrial Traffic Management, 437–513. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1977-1_16.

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Brooke, Michael Z., and Peter J. Buckley. "Export and Import." In Handbook of International Trade, 55–126. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09874-3_2.

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Gischel, Bernd. "Export, import, print." In EPLAN Electric P8 Reference Handbook, 339–72. München: Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/9783446428119.008.

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Conference papers on the topic "Import and Export performance"

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Pilvere, Aija, and Irina Pilvere. "TIMBER EXPORT TRENDS AND POTENTIAL IN LATVIA." In 23rd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2023. STEF92 Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2023/3.1/s14.42.

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Forests are import to the health of the planet, as well as an economic resource of the country. Latvia has 5th highest forest area coverage in the European Union. Major tree species in Latvia are birch, pine and spruce, with the birch having one of the highest felling rates as % of end of year stock. Importance of the topic is that as Latvia, in the particular in exports of selected timber products, as softwood sawn timber, birch plywood, chipboards and pellets, are among one of the ten largest exporters in the world. Therefore, the aim of the research is to evaluate the main timber export products and average value of Latvia and its future potential for strengthening the economic viability of the industry. For this study, the authors have applied monographic and statistical data analysis research methods. Research results indicate that main timber product average export value EUR per one cubic meter has been showing slower growth compared to the import value. However, average timber export value of reviewed products is 299 EUR per cubic meter and it is 16% higher than average timber product import value in 2021, which means that more value is added to wood industry products in Latvia. In Latvia forest trees growth stock and its felling rates creates potential for both: sustainable forest management and further timber products export value growth potential. Export value analysis provides valuable insights into a country�s trade performance, which allows achieving the economic sustainability of forest management in order to significantly develop the environmental dimension in the management of the industry in the future.
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Bal, Harun, and Emrah Akça. "An Empirical Examination on the Validity of Export-Led Growth: Evidence from Turkey." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c09.01991.

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The failure of attaining the desired outcome following the import substitution industrialization in the period of 1963-1980 led Turkey to adopt export-oriented growth (EOG) model after the 1980s. In this context, the impacts of export performance on economic growth are important for assessing how successful these practices are. With this motivation, the study aims to provide new empirical evidence on the validity of the export-led growth hypothesis in Turkey. The study employees time series data of the period 1990M1-2016M12 to examine the causality relation between export and economic growth. The Bootstrap approach developed by Hacker and Hatemi (2006) was followed in order to determine this relationship in the study. A two-way causality relationship between export and output growth is evident in test results based on the bootstrap simulation technique. Findings indicate that export-oriented growth hypothesis is not valid in narrow sense, whereas the hypothesis is valid in broad sense for Turkey. The overall results obtained from the study indicate that exports policies can be used as a tool to speed up economic growth with existing practices. However, the two-way causality relationship indicates that the increase in output growth has boosted exports by increasing imports of inputs used in export products. In this respect, in order to accelerate economic growth through the export-oriented strategies, Turkey needs to increase its domestic input production and the share of global value chains of local companies; in other words, it is necessary to focus on export of higher value added products.
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Kuo, Chuan-Wei, and Hsin-Ning Su. "Exploring influence of R&D investment, import and export performances to patent value." In 2015 Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/picmet.2015.7273133.

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WU, PINGPING. "RESEARCH ON THE EFFECT OF PRODUCT QUALITY UPGRADING ON FIRMS' EXPORT PERFORMANCE: BASED ON THE MICRO EVIDENCE OF QUALITY AWARDS, WELL-KNOWN TRADEMARKS AND QUALITY CERTIFICATION." In 2023 9TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON SOCIAL SCIENCE. Destech Publications, Inc., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/dtssehs/isss2023/36097.

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The existing literature lacks the classification of product quality upgrading levels and ignores the effect of product quality upgrading at different hierarchical levels on firms' export performance. Based on this, this paper takes Chinese manufacturing exporters as the research subjects, using panel fixed effects and instrumental variables methods, and empirically examines the effect of product quality upgrading (and product quality upgrading at different levels) on firms' export performance using the 2000-2013 China Import and Export Customs Database, the China Industrial Enterprises Database, and a self-curated product quality upgrading database. The results of the research show that the number of Chinese manufacturing exporters that have upgraded their product quality is increasing. The mean and the level of product quality upgrading are both constantly elevating. Product quality upgrading has a significant positive effect on export performance, and the positive effect of product quality upgrading on export performance is greater for high-level product quality upgrading than for low and medium-level product quality upgrading. The positive effect of product quality upgrading on export performance is greater for state-owned enterprises, small enterprises, and enterprises in central and western regions. The empirical results help to refine the understanding of the export growth effect brought by product quality upgrading and provide micro evidence for China's "Great Power of Quality" strategy.
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Bucevska, Vesna. "Assessing the Impact of Foreign Direct Investments on Export Performance of Macedonia and Turkey." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.00961.

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Export has been in the focus of economic literature for years due to its multi-fold contribution to the macroeconomic stability and economic growth. These contributions are of great importance for Macedonia and Turkey on their way to becoming full members of the European Union. The objective of this paper is to investigate empirically the impact of the inward foreign direct investments (FDI) on export performance of Macedonia and Turkey. To achieve this objective we use a popular model of export and estimate two models. The first (benchmark) model includes the real effective exchange rate, the potential GDP, trade liberalization and export in the previous year. Along with these explanatory variables, in the second model we include the FDI inflows variable. The results of the benchmark model indicate that trade liberalization has a positive and significant impact on export. The export performance is positively and significantly affected by the last year's exports. The estimated coefficient of real effective exchange rate is not statistically significant. The potential output has a positive impact on the increase of export but it is also statistically not significant. The results of the second model indicate that FDI have a positive impact on export performance of Macedonia and Turkey, but not significant. The other explanatory variables have kept their signs as in benchmark model and only trade liberalization and the export from the previous period remained statistically significant.
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Aşık, Sühan Alp, and Duygu Yolcu Karadam. "Determinants of Trade Flows in Eurasian Countries: Evidence from Panel Gravity Models." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c15.02758.

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Foreign trade structure of Eurasian countries has been significantly affected from the increased globalization and changes in world politics. This paper analyzes bilateral trade of the selected Eurasian countries using gravity models for 1995-2020 period. For this purpose, we estimate augmented panel gravity model for a dataset of Eurasian countries. We examine the effects of a number of factors including countries’ GDP, population, distance and real exchange rate on the region’s export and import dynamics. Along with these variables, various explanatory variables such as GDP per capita, Linder effect, dummy variables that indicate common language, sharing of borders and free trade agreements are included in the models. To this end, we also analyze the impact of Eurasian Economic Union (EUEA) membership on the magnitude of bilateral trade flows. Gravity equations for export and import are estimated by fixed effects methodology. Our results suggest that income levels, factor endowments and real exchange rates are among the important determinants of trade performance of Eurasian economies.
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Day, William H. "FT8: A High Performance Industrial and Marine Gas Turbine Derived From the JT8D Aircraft Engine." In ASME 1987 International Gas Turbine Conference and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/87-gt-242.

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This paper describes the FT8 gas turbine, which has been introduced by Turbo Power and Marine Systems (TPM). The FT8 is derived from the Pratt & Whitney JT8D aircraft engine and the TPM FT4 industrial gas turbine. The FT8 has been launched with a collaboration program between TPM and the China National Aerotechnology Import-Export Corporation (CATIC) of the People’s Republic of China. The collaboration program includes co-production of certain components and a 37-unit order from CATIC over a 10-year period for marine and industrial applications.
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Diantari, Retno Aita, Heri Suyanto, Erlina, and Syarif Hidayat. "Power Energy Export Import Metering Performance System on PLTS on Grid in the Laboratory Renewable Energy Institute of Technology PLN." In 2023 6th International Seminar on Research of Information Technology and Intelligent Systems (ISRITI). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isriti60336.2023.10467516.

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Sandi, Donn, Budi Susanto, and Rismi Juliadi. "The Impact of Export Capabilities and Competitive Advantage on SME’s International Performance." In Proceedings of the First International Conference of Economics, Business & Entrepreneurship, ICEBE 2020, 1st October 2020, Tangerang, Indonesia. EAI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.1-10-2020.2305561.

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Revindo, Mohamad D., and Devianto. "Impact of Export Activities on Firm Performance: The Case of Indonesian SMEs." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Trade 2019 (ICOT 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icot-19.2019.48.

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Reports on the topic "Import and Export performance"

1

Alvarez, Roberto, and Andrés Zahler. Export Mix Changes and Firm Performance: Evidence from Chile. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011637.

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In this paper we analyze changes in the export mix of Chilean firms, looking particularly at differences between large firms and SMEs. To do that, we use detailed information of exported products by firms during the period 1995-2005. Our econometric results, which look at the impact of export product churning on firm performance, are heterogeneous by type of change inexport mix and by firm size. In general, export mix changes are associated with improvements on productivity, although our results suggest that this positive effect is only for SMEs. In terms of employment and sales, we find that export product churning has positive effect on large firms and lower - and in some case negative - on SMEs. It seems that changes in export mix are more important for firm growth in large firms, but not in terms of productivity. In contrast, SMEs can have a higher potential for productivity improvement through export product churning but this does not translate necessarily in significant increase in sales and employment.
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Blyde, Juan S. The Impact of ISO 14001 environmental standards on exports. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003745.

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Analyses that examine the role of international standards on export performance has been concentrated on quality certifications. Very little is known about the impact of environmental certifications on exports. In this paper we employ firm-level data from Ecuador to assess the impact of the ISO 14001 environmental certification on export outcomes. The results show that holding an ISO 14001 increases the likelihood of becoming an exporter by 0.31 percentage points (equivalent to 4%), and that this positive effect is concentrated among large firms. We did not find evidence that the environmental certification has a causal impact on the level or the growth rate of exports. Consequently, the results suggest that the ISO 14001 certification is most useful in reducing information frictions, allowing firms to initiate export transactions.
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Volpe Martincus, Christian, and Jerónimo Carballo. Is Export Promotion Effective in Developing Countries? Firm-Level Evidence on the Intensive and Extensive Margins of Exports. Inter-American Development Bank, August 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011220.

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How effective are export promotion activities in developing countries? What are the channels through which export promotion affects firms' exports, the intensive margin or the extensive margin? Empirical evidence in this respect is scarce. We aim at filling this gap in the literature by providing evidence on the impact of export promotion on export performance using a unique firm-level dataset for Peru over the period 2001-2005. We find that export promotion actions are associated with increased exports, primarily along the extensive margin, both in terms of markets and products. This result is robust across alternative specifications and estimation methods.
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Volpe Martincus, Christian, and Jerónimo Carballo. Export Promotion: Heterogeneous Programs and Heterogeneous Effects. Inter-American Development Bank, August 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011216.

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Export promotion agencies provide exporters with a broad range of services, going from counseling to sponsoring their participation in international trade missions and fairs. These services may have heterogeneous effects and thus contribute differently to achieve the goals of these organizations. Empirical evidence on their relative effectiveness is rather limited. This paper aims at filling this gap in the literature. We compare the impact of different public trade promotion programs on the extensive and intensive margin of firms¿ exports, both to each other and with respect to no participation in these activities, by applying multiple treatment matching difference-in- differences on highly disaggregated export data for the whole population of Colombian exporters over the period 2003-2006. We find that the use of programs combining different services is associated with better export performance, primarily along the country-extensive margin, than their basic individual components.
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Arráiz, Irani, Marcela Meléndez Arjona, and Rodolfo Stucchi. Partial Credit Guarantees and Firm Performance: Evidence from the Colombian National Guarantee Fund. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011418.

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This paper studies the effect of government-backed partial credit guarantees on firms' performance. These guarantees are automatically granted to firms without enough collateral in order to lift their credit constraints. We put together a panel, covering the period 1997-2007, that combines data from DANE's Annual Manufacturing Survey; DIAN's export and import information; and firm-level records from the National Guarantee Fund (NGF), the government agency in charge of implementing this policy. Using propensity score matching and difference-in-differences, we found that firms that gain access to credit backed by the NGF are able to grow in terms of both output and employment. However, we did not find any effect on productivity, wages, or investment. These results suggest that firms use the new funds as working capital to grow their businesses rather than for investment in new durable goods that increase their capital stock.
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Vignoles, Christopher, and Anneke Jessen. Trinidad and Tobago: Trade Performance and Policy Issues in an Era of Growing Liberalization. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008697.

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Trade can be a powerful engine of growth. In today¿s global economy, where investment moves quickly across borders and continents, and trade barriers are rapidly coming down, a competitive exporter has much to gain. In an ever-more liberalized world economy, however, competition is also that much harsher, and only the best will capture the benefits of new markets and business opportunities. Particularly in small, open economies like that of Trinidad and Tobago, weak export performance can impair a country¿s development prospects. Export income is needed to pay for imports, to pay off foreign debt, and to maintain a healthy balance in a country¿s external accounts, all of which is needed to achieve sustainable levels of economic growth. Successful international insertion, through trade facilitation and related measures, should therefore be a central aim of the IDB¿s support strategy for its borrowing member countries, and particularly for the small island economies of the Caribbean.
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Lall, Sanjaya, and John Weiss. People's Republic of China's Competitive Threat to Latin America: An Analysis for 1990-2002. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011321.

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This paper explores the competitive threat posed by the People's Republic of China (PRC) to Latin America and Caribbean (LAC). It focuses on the impact of PRC's rise as a major exporter of manufactured goods and discusses bilateral trade between LAC and PRC. The authors explore these issues with trade data collected from 1990-2002, analyzing and comparing export performance and specialization patterns in the global market as well as in the U.S.A., which is the main market for both the PRC and LAC. This paper was presented at the 2004 LAEBA Annual Conference, held in Beijing, People's Republic of China, on December 3-4, 2004.
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De Paiva Abreu, Marcelo. The Political Economy of High Protection in Brazil before 1987. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011099.

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The paper is concerned with the high protection cum high growth experience in Brazil until the second half of the 1980s and its crisis. The paper is structured in four sections. The first section is a summary of the arguments presented in the following three sections of the paper. Section II considers the level of protection in Brazil compared with those of other Latin American economies and examines the reasons why it was so high while its economic growth performance was outstanding. The following section analyses the golden age of autarky until the early 1960s, including the role of foreign direct investment (FDI). The last section centers on the combination of export incentives with closed domestic markets that extended the life of import substitution industrialization (ISI) as a decreasingly effective economic strategy.
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Grijalva, Diego F., Carlos Uribe-Terán, and Iván Gachet. The Contractionary Effects of Protectionist Trade Policy in a Dollarized Economy. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005501.

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This study analyzes the firm-level impacts of temporary safeguard import tariffs implemented in Ecuador from 2015 to 2017. Employing a difference-in-differences methodology, we explore the policy's effects on a unique dataset combining firm- and product-level data. We focus on the direct effects on importing firms and indirect effects through the value chain. The analysis shows that, while the safeguards significantly reduced imports, they also resulted in short-run negative scale effects on firms. These include reduced sales, employment, labor costs, and material costs, without positive impacts on local firms in import-competing industries. Overall, our findings suggest a contractionary effect of protectionist policies, particularly in a dollarized economy highlighting the complex implications of trade measures on firm performance and economic sectors.
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Benmelech, Efraim, and Joao Monteiro. Who Benefits From The Export-Import Bank Aid? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w31562.

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