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Dewald, E. L., S. A. MacLaren, D. A. Martinez, J. E. Pino, R. E. Tipton, D. D. M. Ho, C. V. Young, et al. "First graded metal pushered single shell capsule implosions on the National Ignition Facility." Physics of Plasmas 29, no. 5 (May 2022): 052707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0083089.
Graded metal pushered single shell (PSS) capsules are predicted to be a viable alternative to low-Z capsule indirect drive inertial confinement fusion (ICF) implosions for achieving high fusion yields [MacLaren et al., Phys. Plasmas 28, 122710 (2021)]. The first experiments with Be/Cr-graded metal PSS capsules indicate that the implementation of the principle design feature, the graded density inner metal layer, has succeeded in producing a stable implosion with performance in agreement with predictions. With 50% Cr concentration in the pusher, PSS capsules have greater than ∼2× higher shell densities during stagnation for enhanced core confinement and radiation trapping at ∼35% lower shell implosion velocities than low-Z capsules. High-energy >30 keV inflight shell radiography recorded 215 km/s implosion velocities and show that implosion Legendre mode P2 asymmetry can be tuned via inner-to-outer beam wavelength separation, similar to other implosions. Shell radiographs and neutron core images show similar P2 asymmetry, suggesting no symmetry swings between peak implosion velocity and stagnation times. Despite the modest implosion velocities, gas-filled deuterium–tritium capsule implosions generate 1015 neutron yields at relatively modest core ion temperatures of 2.75 keV, indicating that in spite of the high-density inner layer, the implosions have been stabilized by the design density gradient. When compared with hydrodynamic simulations, the measured yield-over-simulated is 35% due to fuel–pusher mix and other perturbations such as the capsule fill tube. Simple analytical scalings of hot spot pressure and neutron yield show that PSS implosions reach similar performance at lower implosion velocities and higher shell densities to low-Z ICF capsules.
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Choe, W. H., and R. C. Venkatesan. "Self-similar solutions of screw-pinch plasma implosion." Laser and Particle Beams 8, no. 3 (September 1990): 485–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600008727.
A self-similar analysis of supersonic compression of a “screw-pinch” plasma is carried out that generalizes earlier analyses of pure θ-pinch and Z-pinch implosions. Solutions are found for various implosion modes. It is shown that the screw-pinch plasma implosion differs qualitatively from θ-pinch and Z-pinch implosions.
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Lindl, John D., Steven W. Haan, and Otto L. Landen. "Impact of hohlraum cooling on ignition metrics for inertial fusion implosions." Physics of Plasmas 30, no. 1 (January 2023): 012705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0113138.
This paper extends the evaluation of ignition metrics to include the impact of hohlraum cooling before peak implosion velocity in radiation driven implosions. First, we provide an extension of the results for the key hot spot stagnation quantities from the 2018 paper [Lindl et al., Phys Plasmas 25, 122704 (2018)]. The modified analytic expressions presented here match the Hydra results for these National Ignition Facility scale implosions both with and without hohlraum cooling before peak velocity if the effective ablation pressure Pabl(effective) = Pabl(tpv − 0.5 ns) is used in the analytic formulas, where tpv is the time of peak implosion velocity. Second, we provide an analysis that enables a comparison of the Hydra radiation hydrodynamics code calculations utilized here with the predictions of the analytic piston model [Hurricane et al., Phys. Plasmas 29, 012703 (2022)] of an ICF implosion, which focused on sensitivity to time duration of the hohlraum cooling phase before peak velocity (often called the “coast time”) and the shell radius at peak velocity Rpv. Third, we provide a set of ignition metrics that are valid across a wide range of capsule designs valid for implosions both with and without hohlraum cooling before peak implosion velocity is reached.
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Manheimer, W., and D. Colombant. "Effects of viscosity in modeling laser fusion implosions." Laser and Particle Beams 25, no. 4 (December 2007): 541–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034607000663.
AbstractThis paper examines the necessity of including ion viscosity in modeling laser fusion implosions. Using the Naval Research Laboratory one-half Mega Joule laser fusion target as an example, it is shown that for virtually the entire implosion up to maximum compression, and the entire rebound after the implosion, ion viscosity is unimportant. However for about half a nanosecond before peak implosion, ion viscosity can have a significant, but by no means dominant effect on both the one-dimensional flow and on the Rayleigh-Taylor instability.
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Baker, K. L., O. Jones, C. Weber, D. Clark, P. K. Patel, C. A. Thomas, O. L. Landen, et al. "Hydroscaling indirect-drive implosions on the National Ignition Facility." Physics of Plasmas 29, no. 6 (June 2022): 062705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0080732.
A goal of the laser-based National Ignition Facility (NIF) is to increase the liberated fusion energy “yield” in inertial confinement fusion experiments well past the ignition threshold and the input laser energy. One method of increasing the yield, hydrodynamic scaling of current experiments, does not rely on improving compression or implosion velocity, but rather increases the scale of the implosion to increase hotspot areal density and confinement time. Indirect-drive ( Hohlraum driven) implosions carried out at two target sizes, 12.5% apart, have validated hydroscaling expectations. Moreover, extending comparisons to the best-performing implosions at five different capsule sizes shows that their performance also agrees well with hydroscaling expectations even though not direct hydroscales of one another. In the future, by switching to a reduced loss Hohlraum geometry, simulations indicate that we can drive 20% larger-scale implosions within the current power and energy limitations on the NIF. At the demonstrated compression and velocity of these smaller-scale implosions, these 1.2× hydroscaled implosions should put us well past the ignition threshold.
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Li, Chuanying, Jianfa Gu, Fengjun Ge, Zhensheng Dai, and Shiyang Zou. "Impact of different electron thermal conductivity models on the performance of cryogenic implosions." Physics of Plasmas 29, no. 4 (April 2022): 042702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0066708.
The electron thermal conduction strongly affects the hot-spot formation and the hydrodynamic instability growth in inertial confinement fusion implosions. A harmonic-mean flux-limited conductivity model has been widely used in implosion simulations. In this paper, using the high foot implosion N140520 as an example, we have performed a series of one-dimensional (1D) no-alpha simulations to quantify the impact of different conductivity models including the Spitzer–Harm model, the Lee–More model, and the recently proposed coupled Gericke-Murillo-Schlanges model [Ma et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 015001 (2019)] with the flux limiter fe ranging from 0.03 to 0.15 on the performance of cryogenic implosions. It is shown that varying fe has a bigger impact on the performance than changing conductivity models. Therefore, we have only performed two-dimensional (2D) no-alpha simulations using the Lee–More model with different flux limiters [Formula: see text] to quantify the effect of the electron thermal conduction on the performance, with single-mode velocity perturbations with different mode numbers L seeded on the inner shell surface near the peak implosion velocity. We find that in both the 1D implosions and the 2D implosions with the same L, increasing fe leads to more hot-spot mass and lower hot-spot-averaged ion temperature, resulting in approximately constant hot-spot internal energy. In addition, the no-alpha yield [Formula: see text] is dominated by the neutron-averaged ion temperature Tn in these two cases. Increasing [Formula: see text] from 0.0368 to 0.184 reduces Tn by ∼15% in 1D and by ∼20% for the 2D implosions with the same L, both leading to a ∼20% reduction in [Formula: see text].
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Roycroft, R., J. P. Sauppe, and P. A. Bradley. "Double cylinder target design for study of hydrodynamic instabilities in multi-shell ICF." Physics of Plasmas 29, no. 3 (March 2022): 032704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0083190.
Cylindrical implosions are used to study hydrodynamic instability growth for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) applications, as the cylindrical geometry allows for easier diagnostic access while retaining convergence effects. In this work, we use the established cylindrical implosion platform [Palaniyappan et al., Phys. Plasmas 27, 042708 (2020)] to inform the double shell ICF campaign [Montgomery et al., Phys. Plasmas 25, 092706 (2018)]. We present a design for a double cylindrical target as an analogue to the double shell ICF capsule in order to study hydrodynamic instability growth on the high-Z inner shell. Our design work is done with two-dimensional (2D) Eulerian radiation-hydrodynamics simulations, considering the axial uniformity of the implosion and feasibility of measuring the instability growth of pre-seeded single mode sinusoidal perturbations. We discuss in depth the design for a target to be directly driven at the OMEGA laser facility [Boehly et al., Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)]. We evaluate the design for axial implosion symmetry and visibility of instability growth using synthetic radiographs constructed from the simulations, as the instability growth on the inner cylinder is experimentally measured using x-ray radiography of the implosion. We find that the seeded perturbation growth on the inner cylinder should be visible in an experiment, even with axial implosion asymmetry and preheat. We compare our 2D simulations with linear theory predictions for perturbation growth and show that a cylinder with lower azimuthal mode number (mode-20) perturbations compares more favorably with linear theory, while a cylinder with higher azimuthal mode number (mode-40) perturbations at the same starting amplitude saturates and is over-predicted by linear theory.
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Barlow, D., T. Goffrey, K. Bennett, R. H. H. Scott, K. Glize, W. Theobald, K. Anderson, et al. "Role of hot electrons in shock ignition constrained by experiment at the National Ignition Facility." Physics of Plasmas 29, no. 8 (August 2022): 082704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0097080.
Shock ignition is a scheme for direct drive inertial confinement fusion that offers the potential for high gain with the current generation of laser facility; however, the benefits are thought to be dependent on the use of low adiabat implosions without laser–plasma instabilities reducing drive and generating hot electrons. A National Ignition Facility direct drive solid target experiment was used to calibrate a 3D Monte Carlo hot-electron model for 2D radiation-hydrodynamic simulations of a shock ignition implosion. The [Formula: see text] adiabat implosion was calculated to suffer a 35% peak areal density decrease when the hot electron population with temperature [Formula: see text] and energy [Formula: see text] was added to the simulation. Optimizing the pulse shape can recover [Formula: see text] of the peak areal density lost due to a change in shock timing. Despite the harmful impact of laser–plasma instabilities, the simulations indicate shock ignition as a viable method to improve performance and broaden the design space of near ignition high adiabat implosions.
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Nishimura, H., H. Shiraga, T. Endo, H. Takabe, M. Katayama, Y. Oshikane, M. Nakamura, Y. Kato, and S. Nakai. "Radiation-driven cannonball targets for high-convergence implosions." Laser and Particle Beams 11, no. 1 (March 1993): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600006947.
In the last few years, systematic studies on radiation hydrodynamics in the X-ray confining cavity and a fuel capsule have attained remarkable progress. This makes it possible to analyze quantitatively the energy transfer processes from laser to the fusion capsule and find uniform irradiation conditions of the fusion capsule driven by thermal X rays. As a result, reproducible and stable implosions were achieved. Throughout implosion experiments with the Gekko XII blue laser system (351 nm, kJ, 0.8 ns), good agreement of implosion has been obtained between the experiment and numerical simulations, assuming perfectly spherical symmetry, up to a radial convergence ratio of 15. Described are particularly the issues of (1) energy transfer processes from laser to a fuel capsule and conditions for uniform irradiation, (2) properties of the X-ray propagation through aluminum heated by X-ray radiation, and (3) dependence of the convergence ratio of Ri/Rf (where Ri and Rf are the initial and final radii) of the capsule on the initial fill pressure of D–T gas and its influence on the core parameters and fusion products to evaluate implosion sphericity.
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Christopherson, A. R., R. Betti, C. J. Forrest, J. Howard, W. Theobald, E. M. Campbell, J. Delettrez, et al. "Inferences of hot electron preheat and its spatial distribution in OMEGA direct drive implosions." Physics of Plasmas 29, no. 12 (December 2022): 122703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0091220.
Hot electrons generated from laser plasma instabilities degrade performance of direct drive implosions by preheating the deuterium and tritium (DT) fuel resulting in early decompression and lower areal densities at stagnation. A technique to quantify the hot electron preheat of the dense DT fuel and connect it to the degradation in areal density is described in detail. Hot electrons are measured primarily from the hard x-rays they emit as they slow down in the target. The DT preheat is inferred from a comparison of the hard x-ray signals between a DT-layered implosion and its mass equivalent ablator only implosion. The preheat energy spatial distribution within the imploding shell is inferred from experiments using high Z payloads of varying thicknesses. It is found that the electrons deposit their energy uniformly throughout the shell material. For typical direct-drive OMEGA implosions driven with an overlapped intensity of [Formula: see text], approximately [Formula: see text] of the laser energy is converted into preheat of the stagnated fuel which corresponds to areal density degradations of 10%–20%. The degradations in areal density explain some of the observed discrepancies between the simulated and measured areal densities.
Gish, Lynn Andrew. "Analytic and numerical study of underwater implosion." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/81699.
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2013. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Includes bibliographical references (p. 203-205). Underwater implosion, the rapid collapse of a structure caused by external pressure, generates a pressure pulse in the surrounding water that is potentially damaging to adjacent structures or personnel. Understanding the mechanics of implosion, specifically the energy transmitted in the pressure pulse, is critical to the safe and efficient design of underwater structures. Hydrostatically-induced implosion of unstiffened metallic cylinders was studied both analytically and numerically. An energy balance approach was used, based on the principle of virtual velocities. Semi-analytic solutions were developed for plastic energy dissipation of a symmetric mode 2 collapse; results agree with numerical simulations within 10%. A novel pseudo-coupled fluid-structure interaction method was developed to predict the energy transmitted in the implosion pulse; results agree with fully-coupled numerical simulations within 6%. The method provides a practical alternative to computationally-expensive simulations when a minimal reduction in accuracy is acceptable. Three design recommendations to reduce the severity of implosion are presented: (1) increase the structure's internal energy dissipation by triggering higher collapse modes, (2) initially pressurize the internals of the structure, and (3) line the cylinder with a flexible or energy absorbing material to cushion the impact between the structure's imploding walls. These recommendations may be used singly or in combination to reduce or completely eliminate the implosion pulse. However, any design efforts to reduce implosion severity must be part of the overall system design, since they may have detrimental effects on other performance areas like strength or survivability. by Lynn Andrew Gish. Ph.D.
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Scardigli, Corinne. "Implosion : gestion des stocks par la replanification amont." Grenoble INPG, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPG0057.
Quel que soit le système de gestion adopté, les aléas de production, les retards, les commandes urgentes, les variations des carnets de commande entraînent de nombreux dysfonctionnements. Il en découle des différences entre le niveau réel des stocks et le niveau nécessaire au système de gestion. Peut-on pallier ce problème ? Pour répondre à cette question, nous avons développé un concept basé sur une approche de replanification amont appelé implosion. Dans ce mémoire, nous décrivons, dans une première partie, la situation actuelle des entreprises afin d'identifier la problématique. Celle-ci met en évidence l'apparition de nouveaux besoins qui sont la flexibilité, l'adaptabilité, la réactivité et le recouvrement qui, nous pensons, marquent l'entrée dans un nouveau paradigme de production. Ceci nous a amené à réaliser une recherche sur les nouveaux concepts de production et une enquête auprès d'entreprises de divers secteurs d'activité. Ces travaux nous ont permis de situer l'implosion et d'établir ses conditions d'utilisation. La seconde partie est consacrée à une analyse mathématique du problème. Nous établissons les notations et les principes sous-jacents à l'implosion. Nous avons ainsi montré que le problème était NP-Difficile et que l'ensemble des solutions définissait une famille de treillis distributifs. Différentes techniques de résolutions ont été étudiées et comparées: Enumération, Branch & Bound, Programmation linéaire, méthodes aléatoires, techniques d'amélioration successive, recuit simulé et algorithme génétiques
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Krueger, Seth R. "Simulation of cylinder implosion initiated by an underwater explosion." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Jun%5FKrueger.pdf.
Thesis (M.S. in Mechanical Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2006. Thesis Advisor(s): Young S. Shin. "June 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 99-100). Also available in print.
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Szirti, Daniel. "Development of a single-stage implosion-driven hypervelocity launcher." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112585.
The present study deals with the development of a single-stage implosion-driven hypervelocity launcher. A thin-walled tube filled with helium surrounded by explosives acts as a driver for the launcher. Implosion of the tube drives a strong shock that reflects back and forth between the projectile and the implosion pinch, generating very high temperatures and pressures. Simple analytic models were used to approximate the performance of the pump tube and its use as a driver for a launcher. Experiments to evaluate the implosion dynamics and performance of the pump tube were carried out, and implosion-driven launcher experiments demonstrated muzzle velocities above 4 km/s with 5-mm-diameter aluminum projectiles. Projectile integrity was verified by high-speed photography. Disagreement of experimental data with the analytical models of performance is mostly due to failure to seal the chamber of the launcher, resulting in loss of driver gas, and pump tube expansion, which weakens the precursor shock.
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Sigley, Thomas E. "Evangelism implosion getting to the heart of the issue /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1997. http://www.tren.com.
Kinnear, Timothy Michael. "Investigation into triggered star formation by radiative driven implosion." Thesis, University of Kent, 2016. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/52436/.
When massive stars form, they emit strong, hydrogen ionising radiation fields into their molecular cloud environment, forming HII regions. This is believed to be capable of inducing effects which can trigger further star formation through a process known as Radiative Driven Implosion. Hydrodynamic shock fronts are generated at the interface between ionised and un-ionised material. These shocks propagate into the clouds, and their motion and increase in density can result in the conditions required for star formation. Using the method of Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics, the effect of varied initial geometrical and physical properties of a molecular cloud on the prospect of radiation triggered star formation is investigated over a large parameter space. The physical processes of the model include a detailed ray-tracing implementation of the ionising radiation, along with a thermodynamic model and chemical evolution for multiple species of atoms. A parameter d_euv, defined as the ratio of the initial ionising penetration depth to the scale length of the cloud along the radiation axis, was found to be an effective indicator of the final evolutionary prospects of the molecular clouds investigated. Low d_euv clouds typically exhibit shock front motion which converges on a focus or foci, and form symmetric or asymmetric B or C type Bright Rimmed Clouds depending on orientation. At medium d_euv there is a mixture of focus/foci convergent and linear or filamentary structure formation with cores formed indirectly, after disruption of material by the shock fronts. At high d_euv only fragment-core and irregular structures form, with the clouds being increasingly dominated by photoevaporation. At extremely high d_euv cores cannot form and the cloud will photoevaporate. In addition, qualitative impressions of the scope of structure morphologies, especially those for irregular morphologies, is compiled. Of note, it is found that the simple initial conditions of a uniform prolate cloud at inclinations to incident radiation are capable of producing a wide variety of the structures observed at HII boundaries.
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Smith, Joel Aaron. "Implosion of steel fibre reinforced concrete cylinders under hydrostatic pressure." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0001/MQ45939.pdf.
Cardoso, Pedro Daniel Martins Lucas. "The future of old-age pensions its explosion and implosion /." [Amsterdam : Amsterdam : Thela Thesis] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2004. http://dare.uva.nl/document/76523.
Loiseau, Jason. "Phase velocity techniques for the implosion of pressurized linear drivers." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=94919.
The present study deals with the evaluation of several explosive phase velocity techniques to produce very high apparent detonation velocities on linear or cylindrical targets. In particular, the pairing of two explosive components with different detonation velocities to drag a structured detonation wave was shown to be accurate in generating desired phase velocities. The technique of subdividing a detonation wave into multiple, discrete detonation channels and injecting them into the desired geometry was also evaluated and shown to be similarly accurate. Analytical models for designing the explosive components in these techniques in order to produce a desired phase velocity are presented in detail. A novel method of generating an axisymmetrical, implosive linear phase velocity was also developed by varying the wall thickness of a cylindrical metal flyer/liner. This device was experimentally demonstrated to produce phase velocities but with significant deviations from analytical modelling predictions. The two component phasing technique was also applied to a linear explosive shock tube. The shock tube was constructed from a thin-walled metal tube and surrounded by a thin annulus of explosives and then a thick-walled metal tube. The phased detonation wave was injected via a thin slit in the top of the thick-walled tube. A quasi-steady shock wave was driven at velocities between 10.5~km/s and 11~km/s with this device. L'étude présente porte sur l'évaluation de plusieurs techniques pour générer une vitesse de phase dans un explosif afin de produire de très hautes vitesses de détonation sur des cibles linéaires ou cylindriques. En particulier, il a été démontré que le jumelage de deux composantes explosives ayant des vitesses de détonation différentes pour faire glisser une onde de détonation structurée est une méthode pouvant précisément générer des vitesses de phase désirées. La méthode de la division d'une onde de détonation dans plusieurs canaux individuels fut évaluée et il fut démontré qu'elle est aussi précise. Des modèles analytiques pour la conception des composantes explosives nécessaires à la production des vitesses de phase désirées en utilisant ces techniques sont présentés en détail. Une nouvelle méthode pour générer une vitesse de phase axisymétrique, implosive et linéaire a été également mise au point en faisant varier l'épaisseur de la paroi d'un tube métallique cylindrique. Il fut démontré que cet appareil est capable de produire des vitesses de phase, mais avec des écarts importants avec les prévisions analytiques. La technique qui utilise les deux composantes a également été appliquée à un tube à chocs explosif linéaire. Le tube à chocs a été construit à partir d'un tube métallique à parois mince et entouré par un anneau mince d'explosifs puis un tube de métal à parois épaisse. L'onde de détonation a été progressivement injectée par une mince fente dans le haut du tube à parois épaisse. Une onde de choc a été entraînée à des vitesses allant jusqu'à 11~km/s avec cet appareil.
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Rallu, Arthur Seiji Daniel. "A multiphase fluid-structure computational framework for underwater implosion problems /." May be available electronically:, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
Dalla Longa, Remo. Globalization and Urban Implosion. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-70512-3.
Jarausch, Konrad H. "Implosion oder Selbstbefreiung?" In Deutsche Umbrüche im 20. Jahrhundert, 543–66. Köln: Böhlau Verlag, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.7788/boehlau.9783412319687.543.
Kiyoto, Matsuda, Arai Junji, and Nagao Takashi. "Countering Falling Regional Population with Business." In Japan’s Population Implosion, 197–215. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4983-5_10.
Fumihiko, Seta, Otake Hiroshi, and Umeyama Goro. "The Greater Tokyo Shock." In Japan’s Population Implosion, 27–49. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4983-5_2.
Chikako, Igarashi, Akiyama Yuki, and Kamiya Kenichi. "A Collapse in Regional Infrastructure." In Japan’s Population Implosion, 51–78. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4983-5_3.
Seporaitis, Marijus, Raimondas Pabarcius, and Kazys Almenas. "Study of Controlled Condensation Implosion Events." In 10th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone10-22448.
At LEI (Lithuanian Energy Institute) an experimental program has been initiated to investigate the ‘condensation implosion’ phenomena that can occur for horizontally stratified liquid-vapour flow conditions. The goal is understand the critical boundary conditions sufficiently so that the phenomenon can be controlled and initiated at will. After a reliable ‘pulser’ is developed, the follow up goal is to implement this unique component in a thermal-hydraulic system designed to perform certain tasks, e.g. to pump water or to transport energy passively in a downward direction. Experimental data obtained to data has shown that pulsers can be designed in which the vapour-liquid interface perturbation required for the initiation of condensation implosions is generated internally and depends solely on the rate at which liquid is supplied to the pulser. Data is presented which documents the conditions required for transition from a smooth to a wavy interface, and subsequently to an exponentially increasing surface distortion that culminates in a ‘condensation implosion’. The importance of the shear-stress generated by the condensation rate is illustrated.
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Channell, P. J. "Radial implosion acceleration." In AIP Conference Proceedings Volume 130. AIP, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.35277.
Muttaqie, Teguh, Jung-Min Sohn, Sang-Rai Cho, Sang-Hyun Park, Gulgi Choi, Soonhung Han, Phill-Seung Lee, and Yoon Sik Cho. "Implosion Tests of Aluminium Alloy Tubes Under External Hydrostatic Pressure." In ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-77375.
This paper reports the implosion tests of aluminium alloy 6061-T6 tube models under external hydrostatic pressure. The investigations took an emphasis on how to replicate the deep-ocean pressure environment of the implosion phenomenon on a laboratory scale. The parameters which affected the implosion pressure pulse were also observed. Two kinds of implosion tests were conducted, namely, dynamic implosion test and quasi-static implosion test. The pressure drops in the post ultimate regime was negligible in the dynamic implosion test which performed using compressed nitrogen gas. The pressure and strain histories of the both implosion tests were compared and analysed. In addition, non-linear FE analyses for quantitative validation and comparison of the imploded tubes were conducted. The numerical quantities including the initial ovality, thickness unevenness, and air backed fluid cavity parameters are investigated to propose more realistic imploded tubes induced by the external hydrostatic loading.
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Kullberg, C. M. "A Method for Estimating Acoustic Implosion Efficiencies for Collapsing Cavities in Nuclear Reactor Systems." In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-1130.
Abstract For the last several decades, condensation induced water hammer events have been a concern i n the nuclear industry. With the arrival of passive reactor designs, concerns have arisen about the natural inception of vapor cavity formation in these systems. Several aspects of subcooled bubble cavity implosions are examined. In particular, this paper will focus on spherical cavity implosion transients. Numerical scoping calculations were performed with the compressible version of the Rayleigh-Plesset equation. The calculations revolved around predicting two key parameters, the peak pressure and the net acoustic energy release. Both of these parameters are relevant in quantifying the damage potential of a spherical water hammer event.
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Baksht, R. B., I. M. Datsko, A. V. Luchinsky, V. I. Oreshkin, A. V. Fedyunin, Yu D. Korolev, I. A. Shemyakin, V. G. Rabotkin, Malcolm Haines, and Andrew Knight. "Implosion of Multilayer Liners." In DENSE Z-PINCHES: Third International Conference. AIP, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2949179.
Wang, Kevin G., Patrick Lea, Alex Main, Owen McGarity, and Charbel Farhat. "Predictive Simulation of Underwater Implosion: Coupling Multi-Material Compressible Fluids With Cracking Structures." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-23341.
The implosive collapse of a gas-filled underwater structure can lead to strong pressure pulses and high-speed fragments that form a potential threat to adjacent structures. In this work, a high-fidelity, fluid-structure coupled computational approach is developed to simulate such an event. It allows quantitative prediction of the dynamics of acoustic and shock waves in water and the initiation and propagation of cracks in the structure. This computational approach features an extended finite element method (XFEM) for the highly-nonlinear structural dynamics characterized by large plastic deformation and fracture. It also features a finite volume method with exact two-phase Riemann solvers (FIVER) for the solution of the multi-material flow problem arising from the contact of gas and water after the structure fractures. The Eulerian computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver and the Lagrangian computational structural dynamics (CSD) solver are coupled by means of an embedded boundary method of second-order accuracy in space. The capabilities and performance of this computational approach are explored and discussed in the full-scale simulations of a laboratory implosion experiment with hydrostatic loading and a three-dimensional manufactured implosion problem with explosion loading.
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Woelke, Pawel, Margaret Tang, Scott McClennan, Najib Abboud, Darren Tennant, Adam Hapij, and Mohammed Ettouney. "Impact Mitigation for Buried Structures: Demolition of the New Haven Veterans Memorial Coliseum." In ASME 2007 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2007-26817.
We present an overview of the analysis and design of mitigation schemes for buried structures subjected to impact loading, with a focus on the hazard evaluation to underground utilities from the demolition by implosion of the Veterans Memorial Coliseum in New Haven, CT, due to implosion. We discuss analytical and numerical investigations validated by field testing conducted prior to the implosion and leading to the design of the mitigation schemes aimed at protecting the utilities buried under the roadway. The mitigation schemes were successful during the January 2007 implosion of the Veterans Memorial Coliseum.
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Baum, Carl E. "Electromagnetic Implosion Using an Array." In 2007 IEEE Pulsed Power Plasma Science Conference. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ppps.2007.4345579.
Baum, Carl E. "Electromagnetic implosion using an array." In 2007 IEEE International Pulsed Power Plasma Science Conference (PPPS 2007). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ppps.2007.4651846.
Cheng, Xingxing, Baosheng Jin, and Wenqi Zhong. "Numerical Simulation of Boiler Implosion." In 2009 Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/appeec.2009.4918535.
Gocharov, V., and O. Hurricane. Panel 3 Report: Implosion Hydrodynamics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1078544.
Cable, M. D., S. P. Hatchett, M. B. Nelson, R. A. Lerche, T. J. Murphy, and D. B. Ress. High density implosion experiments at Nova. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10146659.
Kline, John L. Pre-shot viewgraphs for first DT layered Beryllium Implosion. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1196195.
Hurricane, O. High-foot Implosion Workshop (March 22-24, 2016) Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1258520.
Sauppe, Joshua. The Cylindrical Implosion Platform: Recent Results and Next Steps. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1631563.
Serrano, Jason Dimitri, Alexander S. Chuvatin, M. C. Jones, Roger Alan Vesey, Eduardo M. Waisman, V. V. Ivanov, Andrey A. Esaulov, et al. Compact wire array sources: power scaling and implosion physics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/941403.
Akkor, Gun, John S. Baras, and Michael Hadjitheodosiou. A Feedback Implosion Suppression Algorithm for Satellite Reliable Multicast. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada637177.
Hurricane, O. The high-foot implosion campaign on the National Ignition Facility. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1129989.
Kline, John L. Maximizing 1D “like” implosion performance for inertial confinement fusion science. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1261806.
Borovina, Dan, and Eric Brown. The Trinity High Explosive Implosion System: The Foundation for Precision Explosive Applications. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1764181.
