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Tosi, Maria Chiara. "Manuali impliciti." TERRITORIO, no. 84 (May 2018): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/tr2018-084007.
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Mittica, M. Paolo. "Attraversare il silenzio. I presupposti impliciti del diritto." SOCIOLOGIA DEL DIRITTO, no. 2 (July 2012): 105–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/sd2012-002006.
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L'articolo affronta il tema del silenzio come componente del diritto sullo sfondo della riflessione critica svolta nell'ambito dei Critical Legal Studies dagli anni ‘80 fino agli apporti piů recenti di Law and the Humanities, laddove il silenzio viene messo in rapporto al diritto nelle sue implicazioni filosofiche, psicologiche e relazionali. L'analisi procede dalle prospettive della sociologia e dell'antropologia giuridiche, utili a osservare le normativitŕ escluse dalla legge e per riflettere sulle voci, emerse da altri spazi di regolazione e aspettative, che il diritto positivo tace. L'ulteriore obiettivo č di addentrarsi attraverso il silenzio nei presupposti impliciti che sono alle radici di qualunque normazione relazionale, sia essa formale o informale, al fine di assegnare una valenza alle componenti sentimentali ed emotive che entrano in gioco nel campo giuridico come in qualunque contesto dell'azione umana, affinché il ragionamento sulla realtŕ del diritto possa farsi piů complesso.
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Davidde Elio. "Il riconoscimento dell'autorità accessoria della FCC da parte della Corte Suprema degli Stati Uniti: convergenza con l'applicazione della teoria dei poteri impliciti nel diritto brasiliano." International Journal of Science and Society 4, no. 4 (October 14, 2022): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.54783/ijsoc.v4i4.550.
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Questo rapporto mette a confronto gli istituti di autorità accessorie ei poteri impliciti nello sviluppo della teoria sulle competenze amministrative delle agenzie di regolamentazione brasiliane. La definizione della giurisdizione accessoria della FCC è stata descritta sulla base delle sentenze della Corte Suprema degli Stati Uniti e della Corte d'Appello del Distretto di Columbia. Sono state presentate lezioni dottrinali e dichiarazioni dei Ministri della Corte Suprema Federale brasiliana sul riconoscimento dei poteri impliciti al necessario adempimento dei doveri legali. Risultati – È stata dimostrata la confluenza di questi due filoni teorici per il riconoscimento di competenze non direttamente espresse dalle agenzie di regolamentazione. L'opera contribuisce al riconoscimento delle competenze dell'agenzia di regolamentazione delle telecomunicazioni brasiliana che, sebbene non espressamente previste, emergono come un imperativo per l'adempimento delle responsabilità direttamente attribuite dalla legge a tale autarchia. L'articolo presenta un istituto giuridico attuale di tradizione nordamericana la cui applicazione all'area delle telecomunicazioni brasiliana non è ancora risolta, nonostante la sua compatibilità con concetti già accettati nel diritto brasiliano.
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Carrozza, Marco. "Manuele File (cap. III, carme 26 Miller): esegesi di un'aggressione scoptica colta." Myrtia 37 (November 28, 2022): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/myrtia.523131.
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Il presente articolo si propone di esaminare gli snodi contenutistici e strutturali di un carme scoptico bizantino composto da Manuele File (cap. III, carme 26 Miller). L’analisi si concentrerà in modo particolare sui modi e le forme di un’invettiva ricca di riferimenti impliciti e di sovrapposizioni polisemiche, nel tentativo di cogliere le direttrici di una degradazione dell’avversario che risente spesso della cultura cristiana coeva.
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Luongo, Salvatore. "«Dio, uomo, mondo: la V parte del Conde Lucanor»." Revista de Literatura Medieval 29 (December 21, 2018): 145–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.37536/rpm.2017.29.0.69398.
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Riassunto: L’ultima parte del Conde Lucanor costituisce non solo il livello più elevato della gradatio del sapere delineata nell’opera, ma riproduce esattamente, per così dire en abyme, il modello culturale su cui essa si struttura, esplicitandone, nella forma del trattato dottrinale, i presupposti epistemologico-cristiani impliciti nelle prime due sezioni. L’argomentazione, riprendendo nozioni vulgate dalla Scolastica, si svolge a partire dalla duplicità, mondana e divina, dell’uomo, per concludersi con la raccomandazione a percorrere la «carrera» che «guarda las dos vidas que dizen activa et contemplativa», di evidente eco tomista.Parole chiave: Conde Lucanor, Libro de la doctrina, duplice natura umana, Scolastica.Abstract: The last part of the Conde Lucanor is not only the highest level of gradatio of knowledge outlined in the work, but exactly reproduces, as it were en abyme, the cultural model on which it is structured, making explicit, in the form of doctrinal treatise, the Epistemological-Christian assumptions implicit in the first two sections. The argument, taking up notions vulgates by Scholastic, takes place from human duplicity, mundane and divine, and concludes with the recommendation to take the «carrera» that «guarda las dos vidas que dizen activa et contemplativa», a clear Thomist eco.Keywords: Conde Lucanor, Libro de la doctrina, human duplicity, Scholastic.
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Gattino, Silvia, Norma De Piccoli, Claudio Tortone, and Sandra Dutto. "La valutazione come processo di apprendimento. Riflessioni su alcuni impliciti nella promozione della salute." PSICOLOGIA DI COMUNITA', no. 2 (September 2020): 83–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/psc2020-002006.
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La valutazione è uno degli elementi centrali di qualsiasi intervento di promozione della salute e uno dei suoi obiettivi è l'apprendimento. Di solito si valuta l'esito dell'intervento a favore dei gruppi target, mentre raramente si considerano le ricadute che il processo ha avuto su altri attori, quali ad esempio gli operatori. Il presente contributo illustra alcune fasi del processo di valutazione realizzato con un'équipe di educatrici che ha ideato e attuato un progetto di proozione della salute in 4 comuni piemontesi. L'analisi dei diari di bordo compilati dalle educatrici e dei focus group, svolti con l'équipe e con gli amministratori locali, ha confermato che la riflessione sull'azione favorisce l'apprendimento degli operatori. Si evidenzia quindi la necessità di rendere espliciti gli apprendimenti consolidatisi, spesso lasciati sotto-traccia.
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Farnaz Farahi. "Quale cultura dell’infanzia? Riflettere sulla cura educativa nei servizi 0-6 attraverso la clinica della formazione." IUL Research 2, no. 4 (December 20, 2021): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.57568/iulres.v2i4.138.
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La centralità di una specifica cultura dell’infanzia diviene indispensabile nel contesto sociale attuale, in cui si fa sempre più largo una cultura dell’infanzia adultizzata. Riflettere sulla cultura dell’infanzia significa dare parola all’implicito e far emergere le teorie pedagogiche in atto all’interno dei servizi. Si tratta di stimolare un lavoro riflessivo profondo in cui l’esperienza educativa viene riletta e ripensata in un esercizio di decentramento, per permettere una riflessione critica sui modelli impliciti di riferimento. Per fare questo è indispensabile pensare a una formazione che consenta di formare professionisti riflessivi. All’interno del presente contributo si porrà l’accento su uno specifico ambito pedagogico che può rispondere a questo bisogno: la clinica della formazione.
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Corcuff, Philippe. "La scommessa democratica e l'individualismo contemporaneo." SOCIETÀ DEGLI INDIVIDUI (LA), no. 37 (April 2010): 121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/las2010-037011.
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Il saggio, nato da una conferenza sul tema della democrazia organizzata da "Attac", č una trattazione della questione dei processi di individualizzazione e disindividualizzazione in relazione all'impegno politico che ripercorre la produzione sociologica recente e attraversa le analisi di autori come Norbert Elias, Jacques Derrida e Michel Foucault. Particolare attenzione č rivolta al problema dei presupposti impliciti operanti nell'analisi sociologica e a quanto da essi deriva sul piano valutativo. L'autore, che propone un recupero critico della nozione di individualitÀ, mette in guardia da un lato rispetto a una considerazione atemporale delle categorie sociologiche e politiche, dall'altro rispetto alle riduzioni semplificanti dell'individualismo di cui sottolinea invece l'irriducibile complessitÀ.
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Calaresu, Emilia. "QUANTO MONDO C’È IN UN TESTO? REFERENTI, SOTTINTESI E STRATEGIE DI COMPRENSIONE." Italiano LinguaDue 14, no. 1 (July 26, 2022): 542–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.54103/2037-3597/18304.
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La tesi principale di questo lavoro è che per poter meglio affrontare la comprensione del testo è necessario prestare più attenzione al fenomeno della referenza. Occuparsi delle relazioni lingua-discorso-mondo significa entrare più direttamente nel merito di come il sistema di una certa lingua consente, attraverso il suo uso nel discorso parlato o scritto, di rappresentarci in modo reciprocamente comprensibile il mondo. Si tratta dei fondamentali su cui si basa l’intercomprensione e che, in condizioni normali, apprendiamo per primi da bambini. Dopo l’inquadramento teorico del fenomeno del riferimento e delle sue relazioni con gli impliciti, proporrò una lettura critica dei descrittori INVALSI relativi alle competenze di lettura e comprensione dei testi e discuterò la ratio di una serie di attività di tipo induttivo svolte con studenti universitari del primo anno, in cui la discussione dei referenti e degli impliciti in riferimento al mondo ha un ruolo centrale fin dall’inizio. How much of the world is in a text? Referents, subtexts and comprehension strategies The main thesis of this paper is that in order to better address text comprehension, more attention should be paid to the phenomenon of reference. Dealing with language-discourse-world relations means to directly investigate how the system of a natural language, through its use in spoken or written discourse, allows us to represent the world in a mutually comprehensible way. These are the fundamental ideas on which inter-comprehension is based and which, under normal conditions, we learn from childhood. After the theoretical framing of the phenomenon of referencing and its relation to implicitness, a critical reading of the INVALSI descriptors related to reading and text comprehension skills is proposed, followed by a discussion of the rationale for a series of bottom-up activities carried out with first-year university students, where the discussion of referents and inferential activities played a central role from the beginning.
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Bonomo, Chiara, Guido Bortoluzzi, and Stephen Mbieke Ndula. "I contest universitari in europa. Una comparazione e una proposta tipologica." ECONOMIA E SOCIETÀ REGIONALE, no. 3 (December 2018): 28–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/es2018-003003.
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Non esiste praticamente università o ente di ricerca che non organizzi una qualche competizione di idee o tra business plan. Questo articolo mette in luce, da un lato, l'ampia varietà tipologica presente nel contesto europeo per questo tipo di competizioni. Dall'altro lato, il lavoro si propone di identificare una tipologia universale di tali contest. Ciò sia al fine di consentire una migliore classificazione, e pertanto studio, di questi contest che, nonostante etichette simili, possono avere contenuti molto diversi. Sia al fine di permettere alle università, agli enti di ricerca e, più in generale, agli enti organizzatori di migliorare il livello di coerenza tra gli obiettivi impliciti (ed espliciti) di tali competizioni e la loro organizzazione interna (ed esterna).
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Piacenza, Susanna, and Roberto Trinchero. "Inside the school. A survey on teaching and evaluation practices and on the training needs of teachers." Form@re - Open Journal per la formazione in rete 22, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/form-13176.
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What are the organizational, didactic, evaluation practices most adopted by teachers? In which of these practices do teachers feel him/herself most effective? In which less? And, consequently, what are the explicit and implicit (ie undeclared) training needs that emerge from this analysis? This article illustrates a survey promoted by Pearson Italia in March 2022 conducted through an online questionnaire filled in by 504 Italian teachers from kindergarten up to upper secondary school. The survey highlights how teachers perceive the importance of acting to improve students’ autonomy and cognitive abilities, however, this perception corresponds to an act not always in line with the expectations and requests deriving from scientific research about teacher effectiveness.
Dentro la scuola. Un’indagine sulle pratiche didattiche e valutative e sui bisogni formativi degli insegnanti.
Quali sono le pratiche organizzative, didattiche, valutative, maggiormente adottate dagli insegnanti? In quali di queste pratiche gli insegnanti si sentono più efficaci? In quali meno? E, di riflesso, quali sono quindi i bisogni formativi espliciti e impliciti (ossia non dichiarati) che emergono da questa analisi? Il presente articolo illustra un’indagine promossa da Pearson Italia nel mese di marzo 2022 condotta mediante un questionario online compilato da 504 insegnanti italiani dalla scuola dell’infanzia fino alla secondaria di secondo grado. L’indagine fa emergere come gli insegnanti percepiscano l’importanza dell’agire per migliorare le capacità cognitive e l’autonomia degli studenti, tuttavia, a questa percezione corrisponde un agito non sempre in linea con le aspettative e con le istanze derivanti dalla ricerca scientifica in tema di efficacia dell’insegnamento.
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Zelda De Vidovich, Giulia, Riccardo Muffatti, and Edgardo Caverzasi. "L'assessment clinico nei servizi tra narrazione e mentalizzazione." RIVISTA SPERIMENTALE DI FRENIATRIA, no. 3 (December 2021): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/rsf2021-003005.
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Questo scritto rappresenta una riflessione aperta sull'iniziale lavoro conoscitivo con il paziente all'interno dei servizi di salute mentale. Vi sono riportate alcune annotazioni sull'approccio alla raccolta della vicenda autobiografica, con attenzione agli aspetti impliciti ed espliciti del discorso. La narrazione viene presentata come potenziale modello di un funzionamento di pensiero del paziente e come traccia di sottese strutture identitarie e relazioni oggettuali. La ricostruzione del materiale autobiografico può avere come cornice interpretativa la mentalizzazione ovvero essere pensata come iniziale via di espressione delle modalità con cui il paziente pensa sé, l'altro e sé in relazione all'altro. La condivisione della formulazione scritta conclusiva al termine della valutazione segna il primo definito momento di confronto tra paziente e terapeuta, in cui emergono peculiari modi di reagire alla discrepanza rappresentativa tra come un soggetto si pensa e come dall'altro viene pensato.
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Rocchetto, Fabrizio. "Il tradimento omosessuale nella coppia eterosessuale: rottura e possibile evoluzione del legame." INTERAZIONI, no. 2 (November 2020): 62–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/int2020-002005.
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In questo lavoro viene affrontato il caso delle coppie ? sposate e more uxorio ? eteroses-suali che si trovano ad affrontare un inaspettato tradimento omosessuale da parte di uno dei partner. L'infedeltà non necessariamente porta alla rottura del legame, può rappresentare una violazione di accordi impliciti o espliciti che avevano caratterizzato la relazione ma anche un'evoluzione. Nel caso del tradimento omosessuale i partner si trovano oltre che con il tema dell'infedeltà a dover fare i conti con la questione omosessuale nel rapporto di coppia, rispetto ai propri figli, ai genitori e al contesto familiare e sociale. Le idee della coppia sull'omosessualità costituiscono un elemento rilevante per affrontare il tradimento. Nel lavoro l'autore illustra come la questione dell'omosessualità sia stata e sia complessa anche per la teorizzazione psicoanalitica, una considerazione che permette di comprendere il disorientamento della coppia eterosessuale che si trova a dover affrontare il tradimento omosessuale.
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Autino, Paolo. "La sventura di innamorarsi: pensieri impliciti di Virgilio e ideologia dell’amore nel IV libro dell’Eneide ." Rivista di Filologia e di Istruzione Classica 149, no. 2 (July 2021): 378–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/j.rfic.5.129883.
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Bielańska, Anita. "Non solo "Ladri di biciclette". L’Italia fascista nei primi film di Vittorio de Sica." Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia de Cultura 1, no. 9 (2017): 206–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/20837275.9.1.18.
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Abstrakt L’articolo prende in esame l’opera prima del regista Vittorio De Sica, in particolare i suoi primi quattro film: "Rose scarlatte" (1940), "Maddalena zero in condotta" (1941), "Teresa Venerdì" (1941) e "Un Garibaldino in convento" (1942). Oltre a collocare l’opera del regista italiano nel contesto politico, sociale e culturale dell’ultimo decennio del regime fascista, vengono analizzati i messaggi impliciti delle singole pellicole, abilmente nascosti sotto una maschera comica: p.es. l’emancipazione femminile, il carattere repressivo delle istituzioni e la problematica del "Strapaese e Straccittà". Nie tylko "Złodzieje rowerów" – faszystowskie Włochy w pierwszych filmach Vittoria de Siki Artykuł analizuje cztery pierwsze filmy Vittoria De Siki: "Szkarłatne róże" (1940), "Magdaleno, dwója ze sprawowania" (1941), "Teresa Venerdì" (1941) oraz "Un Garibladino in convento" (1942), pod kątem ich kontekstu politycznego, społecznego i kulturowego. Analiza poszczególnych dzieł pozwala ukazać ich zawoalowane przesłanie (np. dotyczące emancypacji kobiet, represyjnej natury instytucji oraz problematyki "Strapaese i Straccittà"), ukryte pod maską komizmu.
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Bjekić, Jovana, Marko Živanović, and Iris Žeželj. "ODNOS EKSPLICITNIH I IMPLICITNIH MERA STAVA PREMA HOMOSEKSUALNOSTI I VERBALNE PRODUKCIJE." Primenjena psihologija 9, no. 2 (July 7, 2016): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.19090/pp.2016.2.141-161.
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Veliki broj istraživanja pokazuje da eksplicitni i implicitni stavovi determinišu ponašanje. Verbalna produkcija, kao bihejvioralna manifestacija unutrašnjeg sveta osobe prema savremenim psiholingvističkim teorijama predstavlja, kako nameran, tako i automatski proces. Cilj ovog istraživanja bilo je ispitivanje odnosa između različitih mera verbalnog ponašanja u vezi sa homoseksualnošću, sa jedne, i implicitnih i eksplicitnih mera stava prema homoseksualnosti sa druge strane. U istraživanju je učestvovalo 105 ispitanika. Kao mere stava korišćeni su Test homofobije (H25) i Test Implicitnih Asocijacija, dok su mere verbalne produkcije ekstrahovane iz dve eksperimentalne situacije korišćenjem programa za automatsku analizu teksta LIWCser. U prvoj eksperimentalnoj situaciji ispitanici su indirektno usmeravani na stavski objekat (homoseksualnost), dok su u drugoj situaciji instruisani da direktno govore o stavskom objektu. Rezultati su pokazali umerenu povezanost između eksplicitnih i implicitnih mera stava, kao i relativno nisku do umerenu povezanost ovih mera sa pojedinačnim merama verbalne produkcije. Dodatno, pokazalo se da u osnovi verbalne produkcije stoje implicitni i eksplicitni procesi i to da su spontani aspekti verbalne produkcije pre svega vođeni implicitnim procesima, dok namerni aspekti verbalne produkcije predstavljaju manifestaciju eksplicitnih stavova. Dobijeni rezultati u skladu su sa postojećim modelima odnosa implicitnih i eksplicitnih mera stavova i ponašanja, kao i savremenim psiholingvističkim teorijama.
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Manfrida, Gianmarco, and Elisa Serafini. "La famiglia dell'emigrante č sempre una risorsa? Reti sociali e vissuti familiari nelle donne nigeriane vittime di tratta." RIVISTA DI PSICOTERAPIA RELAZIONALE, no. 31 (October 2010): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/pr2010-031003.
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Nell'ultimo decennio in Italia la tratta degli esseri umani ha assunto maggiore rilevanza e importanza. Il fenomeno si caratterizza per la sua complessitŕ e la sua rapida trasformazione, per questo gli autori hanno deciso di guardarlo ponendo attenzione ad un aspetto specifico: le reti sociali. In particolare si sono soffermati sulla situazione individuale e familiare di donne nigeriane inserite in programmi di protezione previsti dall'art. 18 D.Lgs. 286/98, con l'obiettivo di svolgere una prima analisi su handicap e risorse sociali, attraverso due strumenti descrittivi e proiettivi: genogramma e disegno simbolico dello spazio vitale. I risultati hanno permesso di evidenziare una sostanziale differenza fra la struttura descritta nel primo strumento e quella piů corrispondente ai vissuti individuali che appare nel secondo. Secondo gli autori tale discrepanza puň riflettere la differenza esistente fra un supporto reale ambivalente della rete sociale e il supporto sociale effettivamente percepito dal soggetto, libero dai condizionamenti negativi impliciti nelle "lealtŕ invisibili". Si aprono cosě spazi e responsabilitŕ per gli operatori formati in un modello relazionale sistemico.
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Milanesi, Paolo. "La prospettiva teorico-clinica di George Downing e la concezione del soggetto come sistema vivente." RICERCA PSICOANALITICA, no. 1 (March 2010): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/rpr2010-001003.
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L'Autore descrive inizialmente il lavoro clinico portato avanti negli anni da George Downing, ne esplicita i referenti teorici sottostanti, con particolare riferimento al concetto di "memoria procedurale" quale costrutto spiegativo della qualitŕ interattiva che caratterizza ogni relazione umana fin dai primi giorni di vita. In un secondo tempo prova ad inserire tale concezione all'interno di una prospettiva piů ampia che si colloca, da un punto di vista epistemico, nella teoria dei sistemi complessi dinamici e non lineari. La motivazione del sistema-soggetto, in quest'ottica, non č data dal tentativo di creare o mantenere i legami con l'oggetto, ma dal ricercare o riconquistare lo stato di "coerenza sistemica" in un processo creativo e continuo. Anche il concetto di "riconoscimento" viene rivisitato secondo questa prospettiva prendendo le mosse dalla descrizione che ne diede Hegel nella sua Fenomenologia dello spirito e nella descrizione del processo dell'autocoscienza. Si desume che l'esplicitazione dei referenti teorici impliciti dell'analista sia condizione sine qua non per dare vita, all'interno del processo analitico, ad un percorso che fondi la presenza ai propri stati interni e quindi a sé stesso del soggetto.
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Milanesi, Paolo, and Alessandro Cavelzani. "Le sedute congiunte genitore/bambino. Tra azione e simbolo ovvero come lavorare con gli impliciti nel contesto di vita del piccolo paziente." RICERCA PSICOANALITICA, no. 2 (August 2017): 23–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/rpr2017-002003.
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Lombardi Ricci, Mariella, and Andrea Grillo. "Riflessioni sull'intervento del Ministro olandese della Giustizia M.H. Hirsch Ballin." Medicina e Morale 43, no. 3 (June 30, 1994): 443–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/mem.1994.1013.
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Sollecitati dalla crescente attenzione, anche da parte dell'opinione pubblica, al dibattito sul tema della eventuale legalizzazione della eutanasia, gli Autori commentano il documento del ministro olandese Hirsch Ballin, che presenta il recente provvedimento legislativo con cui i Paesi Bassi hanno avanzato una sia pur minima regolamentazione giuridica della prassi eutanasica. Gli Autori procedono ad individuare nel Documento un mutamento di prospettiva che - se recepito nella prassi concreta - realizza uno di quegli slittamenti verso l'allargamento dell'atto eutanasico. Esso pare ravvisabile nel concetto "essere di peso" riferito alla condizione del malato e che finisce per sovrapporsi al concetto di "sofferenza senza speranza", solitamente richiamato dai sostenitori della legalizzazione dell'eutanasia. Ci si sofferma in particolare sull'uso dei concetti di "forza maggiore", "stato di necessità" e - indirettamente - di "legittima difesa", richiamati dal Documento in funzione dell'esclusione della punibilità dell'équipe medica. In essi gli Autori ravvisano, anzitutto, intrinseche contraddizioni sul piano giuridico, dovute anche al sistema giuridico olandese, solo parzialmente confrontabile con il sistema giuridico italiano. In secondo luogo sollevano perplessità sul piano teologico-morale e sul significato culturale dell'intervento del Ministro, mettendo in luce non solo il concretizzarsi dei rischi impliciti di una normativa eutanasica, ma anche la necessità di una serena riflessione sul senso della vita umana.
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Trendel, Olivier, and Luk Warlop. "Présentation et applications des mesures implicites de restitution mémorielle en marketing." Recherche et Applications en Marketing (French Edition) 20, no. 2 (June 2005): 77–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/076737010502000204.
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Une mesure implicite est une mesure utilisant un protocole de recueil de données non centré directement sur l'objet d'investigation. Les mesures implicites présentées dans ce papier concernent soit la restitution mémorielle d'un concept unique ( i.e. la mémoire implicite), soit la restitution mémorielle d'associations (par exemple le Test d'Associations Implicites). Six domaines d'applications de ces mesures en marketing sont détaillés. Pour chaque domaine, les apports de ces mesures sont clairement identifiés. La validité de ces mesures est également abordée. La conclusion synthétise les différentes raisons d'utilisation des mesures implicites en marketing. Ces raisons concernent, d'une part, la réduction des erreurs de mesures et, d'autre part, l'étude de la cognition implicite ( i.e. inconsciente).
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Zufferey, Sandrine. "Discourse connectives across languages." Languages in Contrast 16, no. 2 (September 16, 2016): 264–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.16.2.05zuf.
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Coherence relations linking discourse segments can be communicated explicitly by the use of connectives but also implicitly through juxtaposition. Some discourse relations appear, however, to be more coherent than others when conveyed implicitly. This difference is explained in the literature by the existence of default expectations guiding discourse interpretation. In this paper, we assess the factors influencing implicitation by comparing the number of implicit and explicit translations of three polysemous French connectives in translated texts across three target languages: German, English and Spanish. Each connective can convey two discourse relations: one that can easily be conveyed implicitly and one that cannot be easily conveyed implicitly in monolingual data. Results indicate that relations that can easily be conveyed implicitly are also those that are most often left implicit in translation in all target languages. We discuss these results in view of the cognitive factors influencing the explicit or implicit communication of discourse relations.
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CITTI, G., and M. MANFREDINI. "IMPLICIT FUNCTION THEOREM IN CARNOT–CARATHÉODORY SPACES." Communications in Contemporary Mathematics 08, no. 05 (October 2006): 657–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219199706002234.
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In this paper, we prove an implicit function theorem and we study the regularity of the function implicitly defined. The implicit function theorem had already been proved in homogeneous Lie groups by Franchi, Serapioni and Serra Cassano, while the regularity problem of the function implicitly defined was still open even in the simplest Lie group.
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De Houwer, Jan. "Implicit Bias Is Behavior: A Functional-Cognitive Perspective on Implicit Bias." Perspectives on Psychological Science 14, no. 5 (August 2, 2019): 835–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1745691619855638.
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Implicit bias is often viewed as a hidden force inside people that makes them perform inappropriate actions. This perspective can induce resistance against the idea that people are implicitly biased and complicates research on implicit bias. I put forward an alternative perspective that views implicit bias as a behavioral phenomenon. more specifically, it is seen as behavior that is automatically influenced by cues indicative of the social group to which others belong. This behavioral perspective is less likely to evoke resistance because implicit bias is seen as something that people do rather than possess and because it clearly separates the behavioral phenomenon from its normative implications. Moreover, performance on experimental tasks such as the Implicit Association Test is seen an instance of implicitly biased behavior rather than a proxy of hidden mental biases. Because these tasks allow for experimental control, they provide ideal tools for studying the automatic impact of social cues on behavior, for predicting other instances of biased behavior, and for educating people about implicitly biased behavior. The behavioral perspective not only changes the way we think about implicit bias but also shifts the aims of research on implicit bias and reveals links with other behavioral approaches such as network modeling.
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Bovero, Michelangelo. "Che cosa è non decidibile: cinque regioni del coto vedado." DESC - Direito, Economia e Sociedade Contemporânea 1, no. 1 (December 13, 2018): 129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33389/desc.v1n1.2018.p129-141.
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In questo articolo, l’A. richiama l’attenzione sul concetto di «sfera dell’indecidibile» coniato da Luigi Ferrajoli, ponendolo a confronto con la nozione di «coto vedado» di Ernesto Garzón Valdés e con l’analoga idea di «territorio» o «frontiera» inviolabile elaborata da Norberto Bobbio: le tre nozioni indicano l’insieme di principi e regole costituzionali che nessun potere politico può violare negli stati democratici di diritto, al centro del quale si trovano i diritti individuali fondamentali. L’A. propone un’interpretazione estensiva della teoria della democrazia di Bobbio capace di offrire una soluzione più avanzata al problema dei limiti del potere politico democratico. Invita a riconoscere nelle «regole del gioco» indicate da Bobbio le condizioni (in senso logico) della democrazia, articolate in due serie: cinque condizioni formali, contenute nelle regole di competenza e di procedura che riguardano il «chi» e il «come» delle decisioni collettive; e cinque condizioni sostanziali, contenute nei principi normativi impliciti nella «sesta regola» dell’elenco di Bobbio, che prescrivono limiti e vincoli al «che cosa», ossia alla sostanza delle medesime decisioni. Tali condizioni sostanziali corrispondono a quelle che l’A. chiama le «cinque regioni del coto vedado». L’A. torna in conclusione sulla concezione di Ferrajoli, in cui riconosce un miglioramento teorico rispetto alle elaborazioni esplicite sia di Bobbio sia di Garzón Valdés; ma sostiene che la teoria delle condizioni e precondizioni della democrazia ricavata per interpretazione estensiva dalla costruzione teorica di Bobbio offre un miglior fondamento razionale alla costruzione della «sfera dell’indecidibile».
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Reisner, J. M., A. Mousseau, A. A. Wyszogrodzki, and D. A. Knoll. "An Implicitly Balanced Hurricane Model with Physics-Based Preconditioning." Monthly Weather Review 133, no. 4 (April 2005): 1003–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr2901.1.
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A numerical framework for simulating hurricanes based upon solving a nonlinear equation set with an implicitly balanced solution procedure is described in this paper. The physical model is the Navier–Stokes equations plus a highly simplified and differentiable microphysics parameterization package. Because the method is fully implicit, the approach is able to employ time steps that result in Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy (CFL) numbers greater than one for advection, gravity, and sound waves; however, the dynamical time scale of the problem must still be respected for accuracy. The physical model is solved via the Jacobian-free Newton–Krylov (JFNK) method. The JFNK approach typically requires the approximate solution of a large linear system several times per time step. To increase the efficiency of the linear system solves, a physics-based preconditioner has been employed. To quantify the accuracy and efficiency of the new approach against traditional approaches, the implicitly balanced solver was first compared against semi-implicit approaches for the simulation of a precipitating moist bubble. The moist-bubble simulations demonstrated the ability of the implicitly balanced approach to achieve a given level of accuracy in a more efficient manner than either a first-order semi-implicit approach or a traditional leapfrog semi-implicit approach. This behavior is further illustrated in first-of-a-kind three-dimensional implicitly balanced hurricane simulations that reveal the first-order-in-time semi-implicit algorithm needs to take a time step at least 60 times smaller than the implicitly balanced algorithm to produce a comparable accuracy.
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Gardner, David J., Jorge E. Guerra, François P. Hamon, Daniel R. Reynolds, Paul A. Ullrich, and Carol S. Woodward. "Implicit–explicit (IMEX) Runge–Kutta methods for non-hydrostatic atmospheric models." Geoscientific Model Development 11, no. 4 (April 17, 2018): 1497–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-1497-2018.
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Abstract. The efficient simulation of non-hydrostatic atmospheric dynamics requires time integration methods capable of overcoming the explicit stability constraints on time step size arising from acoustic waves. In this work, we investigate various implicit–explicit (IMEX) additive Runge–Kutta (ARK) methods for evolving acoustic waves implicitly to enable larger time step sizes in a global non-hydrostatic atmospheric model. The IMEX formulations considered include horizontally explicit – vertically implicit (HEVI) approaches as well as splittings that treat some horizontal dynamics implicitly. In each case, the impact of solving nonlinear systems in each implicit ARK stage in a linearly implicit fashion is also explored.The accuracy and efficiency of the IMEX splittings, ARK methods, and solver options are evaluated on a gravity wave and baroclinic wave test case. HEVI splittings that treat some vertical dynamics explicitly do not show a benefit in solution quality or run time over the most implicit HEVI formulation. While splittings that implicitly evolve some horizontal dynamics increase the maximum stable step size of a method, the gains are insufficient to overcome the additional cost of solving a globally coupled system. Solving implicit stage systems in a linearly implicit manner limits the solver cost but this is offset by a reduction in step size to achieve the desired accuracy for some methods. Overall, the third-order ARS343 and ARK324 methods performed the best, followed by the second-order ARS232 and ARK232 methods.
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Faure-Ferlet, Axelle, Sonia Capelli, and William Sabadie. "How tasty is governance? Understanding the effect of a “cooperative” label on perceived taste of food products." Recherche et Applications en Marketing (English Edition) 35, no. 4 (December 2020): 23–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2051570720921996.
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This research investigates whether a label on cooperative governance influences the perceived taste of a product through a sensation transfer process. The first study measures perceived taste of unbranded products implicitly (via an Implicit Association Test) and explicitly (via a survey). The label improves the implicitly and explicitly perceived taste. The second study, reproducing the same protocols with branded products, confirms this result for implicitly perceived taste, but the effect of the label on explicitly perceived taste disappears. Because implicit measures are more predictive of routine purchasing than are explicit measures, we recommend spotlighting cooperative governance on food products.
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ASHLEY, MARY V., TANYA Y. BERGER-WOLF, WANPRACHA CHAOVALITWONGSE, BHASKAR DASGUPTA, ASHFAQ KHOKHAR, and SAAD SHEIKH. "AN IMPLICIT COVER PROBLEM IN WILD POPULATION STUDY." Discrete Mathematics, Algorithms and Applications 02, no. 01 (March 2010): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793830910000449.
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In an implicit combinatorial optimization problem, the constraints are not enumerated explicitly but rather stated implicitly through equations, other constraints or auxiliary algorithms. An important subclass of such problems is the implicit set cover (or, equivalently, hitting set) problem in which the sets are not given explicitly but rather defined implicitly. For example, the well-known minimum feedback arc set problem is such a problem. In this paper, we consider such a cover problem that arises in the study of wild populations in biology in which the sets are defined implicitly via the Mendelian constraints and prove approximability results for this problem.
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Hejda, Pavel, and Alexander P. Anufrijev. "A New Numerical Scheme in the Solution of the Geodynamo Z-Model." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 157 (1993): 441–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900174595.
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The hydromagnetic dynamo Z-model represents a nonlinear dynamic system. Its steady-state solution is derived by step-by-step integration of parabolic partial differential equations of the second order with the use of the finite difference method. Until now, two methods have been used: the semi-implicit method in which the θ-diffusion was carried out implicitly while the r-diffusion explicitly, and the implicit method in which the complete diffusion was carried out implicitly. In the present contribution, a combined semi-implicit method is suggested which reflects not only the singularity at the coordinate system origin but also the decreasing mesh size near the core-mantle boundary. This procedure preserves the advantage of semi-implicit methods and, simultaneously, increases the stability in the most critical boundary layer.
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Kuculo, Iva, Etelka Kožar, and Ajana Löw. "Ispitivanje eksplicitnog i implicitnog stava prema pretilima kod studenata pomagačkih struka." Psihologijske teme 27, no. 3 (2018): 339–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31820/pt.27.3.1.
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Cilj je istraživanja bio ispitati eksplicitni i implicitni stav prema pretilim osobama kod studenata nekih pomagačkih struka u Hrvatskoj. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 429 sudionika, studenata psihologije i socijalnog rada Sveučilišta u Zagrebu. Stav je ispitan eksperimentalnom manipulacijom fotografije osobe kojoj je varirana težina (implicitna mjera) i upitnikom (eksplicitna mjera). Negativan je stav prema pretilima utvrđen i na implicitnoj i na eksplicitnoj mjeri. Dobivena je značajna razlika u procjenama radne uspješnosti i u procjenama triju dimenzija ličnosti osobe s obzirom na tjelesnu težinu na fotografiji. U odnosu na osobu prosječne težine sudionici su pretilu osobu procjenjivali manje radno učinkovitom, emocionalno nestabilnijom, manje ekstravertiranom i manje otvorenom prema iskustvima. Iako su studenti psihologije, u odnosu na studente socijalnog rada, "strože" procjenjivali obje osobe, interakcija tjelesne težine na fotografiji i vrste studija procjenjivača nije utvrđena. Sudionici su u prosjeku iskazali i umjerenu razinu eksplicitnoga negativnog stava prema pretilima. Utvrđena je i povezanost negativnog stava s desničarskom autoritarnosti. Implicitne su mjere bile značajno, ali nisko povezane s eksplicitnom, što upućuje da postoji "prikriveni" dio stava koji zahvaća samo implicitna mjera. Dobiveni rezultati daju uvid u nedovoljno istražene spoznaje o stavu prema pretilima kod pomagačkih struka u Hrvatskoj te mogu biti korisne smjernice za programe smanjenja negativnog stava.
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Batagelo, Harlen Costa, and João Paulo Gois. "GPU-Based Sphere Tracing for Radial Basis Function Implicits." International Journal of Image and Graphics 14, no. 01n02 (January 2014): 1450004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219467814500041.
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Ray tracing of implicit surfaces based on radial basis functions can demand high computational cost in the presence of a large number of radial centers. Recently, it was presented the least squares hermite radial basis functions (LS-HRBF) Implicits, a method for implicit surface reconstruction from Hermitian data (points equipped with their normal vectors) which makes use of iterative center selection in order to reduce the number of centers. In the present work, we propose an antialiazed sphere tracing algorithm fully implemented in OpenGL Shader Language for ray tracing LS-HRBF Implicits, which exploits a regular partition of unity for strong parallelization. We show that interactive frame rates can be achieved for surfaces composed of thousands of centers even when rendering effects such as cube mapping, soft shadows and ambient occlusion are used.
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Saraf, Yasmine, Laureen Khalil, Jarryd Willis, Samantha Yim, Gareth Disler, Jiani Li, and Tugral Zeb. "Misery Implicitly Loves Company: Implicit Homophily and Bully Victimization." SAGE Open 11, no. 3 (July 2021): 215824402110383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440211038360.
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This study focuses on the formation of bullied individuals’ friendships and romantic relationships. Individuals bullied in their past may be more likely to form connections with those who share similar oppressive experiences. Thus, we investigated the possibility that implicit homophily underlies the formation of interpersonal relationships among previously bullied individuals. Moreover, we investigated whether these individuals were aware of their friends’ and romantic partners’ similarly oppressive experiences prior to initiating the relationship. Our findings suggest that the young adults in our sample bullied in grade school are significantly more likely to have a close friend and or significant other who also experienced bullying. The findings of this study contribute to the relatively small, yet growing, body of research on implicit homophily, add to research extending homophily processes to bullies and victims, and are in line with research suggesting that deselection (a form of induced homophily) can coexist with homophily by personal preference.
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Vihlman, Mikko, and Arto Visala. "Optical Flow in Deep Visual Tracking." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 07 (April 3, 2020): 12112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i07.6890.
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Single-target tracking of generic objects is a difficult task since a trained tracker is given information present only in the first frame of a video. In recent years, increasingly many trackers have been based on deep neural networks that learn generic features relevant for tracking. This paper argues that deep architectures are often fit to learn implicit representations of optical flow. Optical flow is intuitively useful for tracking, but most deep trackers must learn it implicitly. This paper is among the first to study the role of optical flow in deep visual tracking. The architecture of a typical tracker is modified to reveal the presence of implicit representations of optical flow and to assess the effect of using the flow information more explicitly. The results show that the considered network learns implicitly an effective representation of optical flow. The implicit representation can be replaced by an explicit flow input without a notable effect on performance. Using the implicit and explicit representations at the same time does not improve tracking accuracy. The explicit flow input could allow constructing lighter networks for tracking.
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Degond, Pierre, and Min Tang. "All Speed Scheme for the Low Mach Number Limit of the Isentropic Euler Equations." Communications in Computational Physics 10, no. 1 (July 2011): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4208/cicp.210709.210610a.
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AbstractAn all speed scheme for the Isentropic Euler equations is presented in this paper. When the Mach number tends to zero, the compressible Euler equations converge to their incompressible counterpart, in which the density becomes a constant. Increasing approximation errors and severe stability constraints are the main difficulty in the low Mach regime. The key idea of our all speed scheme is the special semi-implicit time discretization, in which the low Mach number stiff term is divided into two parts, one being treated explicitly and the other one implicitly. Moreover, the flux of the density equation is also treated implicitly and an elliptic type equation is derived to obtain the density. In this way, the correct limit can be captured without requesting the mesh size and time step to be smaller than the Mach number. Compared with previous semi-implicit methods, firstly, nonphysical oscillations can be suppressed by choosing proper parameter, besides, only a linear elliptic equation needs to be solved implicitly which reduces much computational cost. We develop this semi-implicit time discretization in the framework of a first order Local Lax-Friedrichs (or Rusanov) scheme and numerical tests are displayed to demonstrate its performances.
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Stucker, C., B. Ke, Y. Yue, S. Huang, I. Armeni, and K. Schindler. "IMPLICITY: CITY MODELING FROM SATELLITE IMAGES WITH DEEP IMPLICIT OCCUPANCY FIELDS." ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences V-2-2022 (May 17, 2022): 193–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-v-2-2022-193-2022.
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Abstract. High-resolution optical satellite sensors, combined with dense stereo algorithms, have made it possible to reconstruct 3D city models from space. However, these models are, in practice, rather noisy and tend to miss small geometric features that are clearly visible in the images. We argue that one reason for the limited quality may be a too early, heuristic reduction of the triangulated 3D point cloud to an explicit height field or surface mesh. To make full use of the point cloud and the underlying images, we introduce IMPLICITY, a neural representation of the 3D scene as an implicit, continuous occupancy field, driven by learned embeddings of the point cloud and a stereo pair of ortho-photos. We show that this representation enables the extraction of high-quality DSMs: with image resolution 0.5 m, IMPLICITY reaches a median height error of ≈0.7m and outperforms competing methods, especially w.r.t. building reconstruction, featuring intricate roof details, smooth surfaces, and straight, regular outlines.
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Kucharska, Anna. "La cultura implicita inserita nei dialoghi / Implicit culture in texts’ dialogues." Italica Wratislaviensia 1, no. 2 (April 26, 2011): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/iw.2011.02.07.
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Tomlin, Kathleen A., and Jill C. Bradley-Geist. "Alignment Between Antecedents and Interventions: The Critical Role of Implicit Bias." Industrial and Organizational Psychology 9, no. 3 (September 2016): 583–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/iop.2016.58.
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We applaud the authors for tackling the important issue of policing and race from the unique perspective of industrial–organizational (I-O) psychology. Here, we propose a framework by which to examine the authors’ recommended interventions along the same implicit–explicit dimension employed in the focal article's conceptualization of racial bias. Mirroring current thinking within the diversity literature, the focal article notes that racial bias is “often very subtle” (Ruggs et al., 2016, p. 531) and can include “unconscious and implicit” aspects (p. 531). Extending this notion of implicit versus explicit bias to interventions themselves, we advocate for increased attention toward more implicitly focused interventions, as opposed to some of the more explicitly focused interventions suggested in the focal article. We conceptualize explicitly focused interventions as those that deal directly and openly with race, diversity, or demographic differences. Below, we discuss three potential advantages of implicitly focused interventions.
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Leung, Janny H. C., and John N. Williams. "THE IMPLICIT LEARNING OF MAPPINGS BETWEEN FORMS AND CONTEXTUALLY DERIVED MEANINGS." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 33, no. 1 (February 21, 2011): 33–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263110000525.
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The traditional implicit learning literature has focused primarily on the abstraction of statistical regularities in form-form connections. More attention has been recently directed toward the implicit learning of form-meaning connections, which might be crucial in the acquisition of natural languages. The current article reports evidence for implicit learning of a mapping between a novel set of determiners and thematic roles, obtained using a newly developed reaction time methodology. The results conclude that contextually derived form-meaning connections might be implicitly learned.
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Maddox, Keith, and Samuel Sommers. "Implicit Bias in Daily Perceptions and Legal Judgments." University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, no. 50.3 (2017): 723. http://dx.doi.org/10.36646/mjlr.50.3.implicit.
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In today’s demonstration, we explored the audience’s positive and negative associations with blacks and whites. The demonstration is an adaptation of the Implicit Association Test (www.projectimplicit.net), a computer-based task designed to explore mental connections between various concepts. Participants were presented with a list of concepts (stereotypically black and white names, pleasant and unpleasant concepts) in a column down the middle of a screen along with the response categories (black/white or Pleasant/Unpleasant) along the left and right sides. When reading a word, participants were asked to categorize it by slapping the knee (left or right) that corresponds to the category displayed on the left or right side of the screen. Their task was to do this as fast as possible, correcting any mistakes before going forward, and raising their hand after completing the last word in the list. We then noted the amount of time for a critical mass of participants (approximately seventy-five percent) to complete each trial. In simple trials, either names or valenced words are displayed. In two critical trials, both names and valenced words were presented simultaneously in the middle of the screen. The trials differ based on the pairings of the response categories, and these trials tend to show a drastic difference in completion times. When participants were required to use the same hand to categorize black names and unpleasant words or white names and pleasant words, they tended to respond almost twice as quickly as when using the same hand to categorize black names and pleasant words or white names and unpleasant words. While there are individual differences among the respondents, the demonstration provided audible and visceral evidence of the trend. We then asked the audience to interrogate the methodological and cultural implications of the task, ultimately concluding that the test potentially reveals the fairly widespread implicit negative associations with blacks. With this working hypothesis, we next discussed the nature of racial bias and its implications for judgment in legal domains.
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Erlich, Aaron, and Calvin Garner. "Subgroup Differences in Implicit Associations and Explicit Attitudes during Wartime." International Studies Quarterly 65, no. 2 (February 20, 2021): 528–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqab005.
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Abstract When their country is at war, individuals express support for their government and hostility toward the foreign adversary, leading to the “rally ′round the flag” effect. What is less understood is how, during a rally, ethnic identity and proximity to conflict relate to attitudes toward the home state and the adversary. Moreover, individuals may feel pressure to answer patriotically when asked about the conflict, particularly individuals who share an ethnic identity with the majority population of the foreign adversary, leading to biased measures of opinion. We study these dynamics in the context of Ukraine's ongoing war with Russia, comparing responses from self-identified ethnic Ukrainians and Russians in four cities in Ukraine. Using a lab-based implicit association test (IAT) and survey with 600 respondents, we examine whether respondents’ implicit biases, reflexive preferences that are hard to manipulate, match their explicitly stated preferences for either Ukraine or Russia. We find that, on average, ethnic Ukrainians and Russians in Ukraine are explicitly and implicitly pro-Ukraine, although we observe slightly lower levels of pro-Ukraine bias among ethnic Russians. We also find that 70 percent of those who are implicitly pro-Russia are explicitly neutral or pro-Ukraine, highlighting the need to study implicit associations in sensitive settings. Cuando un país está en guerra, la población expresa su apoyo al gobierno y hostilidad hacia el adversario extranjero, lo cual produce el efecto de “agruparse alrededor de la la bandera” [“rally ‘round the flag”]. Lo que no se comprende bien es la manera en que, durante una agrupación alrededor de la bandera, la identidad étnica y la proximidad al conflicto se relacionan con ciertas actitudes hacia el estado local y el adversario. Además, las personas pueden sentirse presionadas para responder de forma patriótica cuando se les pregunta acerca del conflicto, en particular aquellas que comparten una identidad étnica con la mayoría de la población del adversario extranjero, algo que da lugar a medidas de opinión sesgadas. Estudiamos estas dinámicas en el contexto de la guerra actual entre Ucrania y Rusia, comparando respuestas de ucranianos y rusos autoidentificados étnicamente en cuatro ciudades de Ucrania. Utilizando una prueba de asociación implícita (implicit association test, IAT) de laboratorio y una encuesta con 600 participantes, examinamos si los sesgos implícitos (preferencias reflexivas que son difíciles de manipular) de los encuestados coinciden con sus preferencias expresadas, ya sea a favor de Ucrania o de Rusia. Descubrimos que, en promedio, las personas de origen étnico ucraniano y ruso en Ucrania están explícita e implícitamente a favor de Ucrania, aunque observamos niveles levemente más bajos de sesgo a favor de Ucrania en personas de origen étnico ruso. Además, observamos que el 70 percent de aquellas personas que están implícitamente a favor de Rusia están explícitamente a favor de Ucrania o tienen una postura neutral, lo cual resalta la necesidad de estudiar asociaciones implícitas en entornos sensibles. Lorsque leur pays est en guerre, les individus expriment leur soutien pour leur gouvernement et leur hostilité envers l'opposant étranger, ce qui mène à un effet de « ralliement autour du drapeau ». Cependant, ce qui est moins compris, c'est la mesure dans laquelle l'identité ethnique et la proximité du conflit ont un lien avec les attitudes envers l’État de résidence et l'opposant durant ce ralliement. De plus, les individus peuvent ressentir une pression les poussant à répondre patriotiquement lorsqu'ils sont interrogés sur le conflit, particulièrement les individus qui partagent l'identité ethnique de la majorité de la population de l'opposant étranger, ce qui mène à des mesures d'opinion biaisées. Nous étudions ces dynamiques dans le contexte du conflit continu entre l'Ukraine et la Russie en comparant les réponses d'individus qui s'identifient d'eux-mêmes ethniquement en tant que Russes ou qu'Ukrainiens dans quatre villes d'Ukraine. Nous utilisons un test d'association implicite mené en laboratoire et une enquête sur 600 participants pour examiner si les préjugés implicites des participants, des préférences réflexives difficiles à manipuler, correspondent à leurs préférences explicitement déclarées envers l'Ukraine ou la Russie. Nous avons constaté qu'en moyenne, les Ukrainiens et Russes ethniques vivant en Ukraine étaient explicitement et implicitement pro-Ukraine, bien que nous ayons observé des niveaux de préférences pro-Ukraine légèrement inférieurs chez les Russes ethniques. Nous avons également découvert que 70 percent des personnes qui étaient implicitement pro-Russie étaient explicitement neutres ou pro-Ukraine, ce qui met en évidence le besoin d’étudier les associations implicites dans les environnements sensibles.
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El-Amin, Mohamed F. "Iterative Numerical Scheme for Non-Isothermal Two-Phase Flow in Heterogeneous Porous Media." Algorithms 12, no. 6 (June 6, 2019): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a12060117.
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In the current paper, an iterative algorithm is developed to simulate the problem of two-phase flow with heat transfer in porous media. The convective body force caused by heat transfer is described by Boussinesq approximation throughout with the governing equations, namely, pressure, saturation, and energy. The two coupled equations of pressure and saturation are solved using the implicit pressure-explicit saturation (IMPES) scheme, while the energy equation is treated implicitly, and the scheme is called iterative implicit pressure, explicit saturation, implicit temperature (I-IMPES-IMT). In order to calculate the pressure implicitly, the equations of pressure and saturation are coupled by linearizing the capillary pressure which is a function of saturation. After that, the equation of saturation is solved explicitly. Then, the velocity is computed which is used in the energy equation to calculate the temperature implicitly. The cell-centered finite difference (CCFD) method is utilized for spatial discretization. Furthermore, a relaxation factor along is used with the Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy (CFL) condition. Finally, in order to illustrate the efficiency of the developed algorithm, error estimates for saturation and temperature for different values of time steps and number of iterations are presented. Moreover, numerical examples of different physical scenarios of heterogamous media are presented.
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Sadler, Melody, and Thierry Devos. "Ethnic diversity matters: Putting implicit associations between weapons and ethnicity in context." Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 23, no. 2 (October 31, 2018): 285–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430218796933.
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Weapons are implicitly associated with Black Americans. We examined the extent to which this implicit stereotype fluctuates as a function of the ethnic diversity of contexts. Across 351 U.S. metropolitan areas, we tested whether three distinct indicators of ethnic diversity predicted implicit associations between the concept of “weapons” (vs. “harmless objects”) and Black Americans vs. White Americans. As predicted, implicit Black–weapon stereotypes were weaker in areas characterized by the presence of multiple ethnic groups (variety) and greater dispersion of ethnic groups at the neighborhood level (integration). Additionally, the negative association between integration and implicit stereotypes was strongest when minority representation was low compared to high. Considering multiple dimensions of ethnic diversity proved useful to document reliable relations between implicit associations and characteristics of local contexts.
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Fenwick, Toby. "The Seychelles–Somaliland Prisoner Transfer Agreement: A Case of Implicit Recognition?" African Journal of International and Comparative Law 27, no. 3 (August 2019): 400–425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ajicl.2019.0281.
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The self-declared and unrecognised ‘Republic of Somaliland’ signed a Prisoner Transfer Agreement with the Republic of Seychelles in April 2017. This article considers whether the PTA was an MoU or a treaty, and if it was a treaty, whether it constituted an act of implicit recognition. It concludes that the PTA was an international treaty of sufficient gravity to make it a possible route to confer implicit recognition, but that in this case there was not unambiguous Seychellois intent to implicitly recognise Somaliland, and that therefore implicit recognition did not occur.
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Barlasov-Ioffe, Anna, and Shaul Hochstein. "Illusory-Contour Figures Prime Matching of Real Shapes." Perception 38, no. 8 (January 1, 2009): 1118–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p6118.
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We investigated explicit and implicit properties of the internal representation of illusory-contour figures by studying potential priming effects of this representation. Using a primed matching paradigm (Beller 1971, Journal of Experimental Psychology87 176–182), we found that illusory ‘Kanizsa’ squares and triangles prime later matching of the same shapes, respectively, and not of the alternative shape. This priming effect is present despite the use of an illusory figure as a prime and real shapes as tests. To determine whether implicit processing mechanisms sufficiently induce a representation of the illusory shape so that it can lead to this priming effect, we used a novel method of presentation of the inducing pattern, based on Rock and Linnet's (1993, Perception22 61–76) method for separating (implicit) retinal and (explicit) world-coordinate images. Presence of the implicit retinal image is confirmed by its producing an afterimage. While the retinal image is only implicitly produced by the inducing pattern of pacmen, it is nevertheless available for real-shape match priming. We conclude that Kanizsa-type inducer patterns are processed implicitly until formation of illusory-figure shapes. These are represented at relatively high cortical levels, and shape-matching priming must occur here, too. These results are consistent with the claim of the reverse hierarchy theory that bottom–up processing is generally implicit and that conscious perception originates at high cortical levels.
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Lung, Rachel. "On Mis-translating Sexually Suggestive Elements In English-Chinese Screen Subtitling." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 44, no. 2 (January 1, 1998): 97–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.44.2.02lun.
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Abstract English-speaking movies and television series are flourishing in Hong Kong, and Chinese screen subtitles are often provided to the audience. Studies relating to subtitling have often discussed reduction methods and reduction categories, but little work has touched on the areas of and reasons for under-translation. The author has observed that sexually suggestive information is often under-translated in English-Chinese subtitling. Some instances suggest that the under-translation is related to the translator's ignorance of English idiomatic usage, or the translator's insensitivity of the translation to the implicit information. Some other example indicates, however, that the translator is neither ignorant nor insensitive about the implied meaning. The translator has shown in the subtitling that he or she knows the implicit meaning, and that attempts were made to tone down the message a great deal, probably out of socio-psychological, cultural and euphemistic reasons. These observations based on video-taped examples have identified the existence of non-linguistic constraints in cross-linguistic and cross-cultural activities such as translation. Résumé Les films et les feuilletons de télévision parlant anglais ont énormément de succès à Hong Kong, et la plupart d'entre eux sont sous-titrés en chinois. Les études consacrées au sous-titrage parlent souvent de méthodes permettant de condenser le texte, ainsi que de catégories de réduction, mais on n'a jamais examiné le domaine de la sous-traduction ni les raisons de cette 'euphémisation'. L'auteur a remarqué que les informations suggestives sont souvent sous-traduites dans les sous-titrages anglais-chinois. D'aucuns suggèrent que la sous-traduction est liée à la méconnaissance du traducteur des expressions idiomatiques anglaises, ou qu'elle serait due à l'insensibilité du traducteur à l'égard de la traduction des informations implicites. D'autres exemples indiquent toutefois que le traducteur n'est ni ignorant ni insensible quant à la signification implicite. Des sous-titrages prouvent que le traducteur comprend la signification implicite mais qu'il s'est éfforcé d'atténuer grandement le message, et ce vraisemblablement pour des raisons socio-psychologiques, culturelles et d'euphémisme. Ces observations, basées sur des exemples enregistrés sur des cassettes vidéo, ont permis de constater l'existence de contraintes non linguistiques dans les activités de transfert linguistiques et culturelles que sont la traduction par exemple.
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Houben, Katrijn, and Reinout W. Wiers. "Implicitly positive about alcohol? Implicit positive associations predict drinking behavior." Addictive Behaviors 33, no. 8 (August 2008): 979–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2008.03.002.
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Gould, Wren A., and Steven J. Heine. "Implicit Essentialism: Genetic Concepts Are Implicitly Associated with Fate Concepts." PLoS ONE 7, no. 6 (June 7, 2012): e38176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0038176.
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Lechelek, Loubna, Sebastien Horna, Rita Zrour, Mathieu Naudin, and Carole Guillevin. "A Hybrid Method for 3D Reconstruction of MR Images." Journal of Imaging 8, no. 4 (April 7, 2022): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jimaging8040103.
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Three-dimensional surface reconstruction is a well-known task in medical imaging. In procedures for intervention or radiation treatment planning, the generated models should be accurate and reflect the natural appearance. Traditional methods for this task, such as Marching Cubes, use smoothing post processing to reduce staircase artifacts from mesh generation and exhibit the natural look. However, smoothing algorithms often reduce the quality and degrade the accuracy. Other methods, such as MPU implicits, based on adaptive implicit functions, inherently produce smooth 3D models. However, the integration in the implicit functions of both smoothness and accuracy of the shape approximation may impact the precision of the reconstruction. Having these limitations in mind, we propose a hybrid method for 3D reconstruction of MR images. This method is based on a parallel Marching Cubes algorithm called Flying Edges (FE) and Multi-level Partition of Unity (MPU) implicits. We aim to combine the robustness of the Marching Cubes algorithm with the smooth implicit curve tracking enabled by the use of implicit models in order to provide higher geometry precision. Towards this end, the regions that closely fit to the segmentation data, and thus regions that are not impacted by reconstruction issues, are first extracted from both methods. These regions are then merged and used to reconstruct the final model. Experimental studies were performed on a number of MRI datasets, providing images and error statistics generated from our results. The results obtained show that our method reduces the geometric errors of the reconstructed surfaces when compared to the MPU and FE approaches, producing a more accurate 3D reconstruction.
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Toribio, Josefa. "Implicit Bias: from social structure to representational format." THEORIA. An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science 33, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/theoria.17751.
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In this paper, I argue against the view that the representational structure of the implicit attitudes responsible for implicitly biased behaviour is propositional—as opposed to associationist. The proposal under criticism moves from the claim that implicit biased behaviour can occasionally be modulated by logical and evidential considerations to the view that the structure of the implicit attitudes responsible for such biased behaviour is propositional. I argue, in particular, against the truth of this conditional. Sensitivity to logical and evidential considerations, I contend, proves to be an inadequate criterion for establishing the true representational structure of implicit attitudes. Considerations of a different kind, which emphasize the challenges posed by the structural social injustice that implicit attitudes reflect, offer, I conclude, better support for deciding this issue in favour of an associationist view.