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1

Rodrigues, Daniela, Ana I. Barbosa, Rita Rebelo, Il Keun Kwon, Rui L. Reis, and Vitor M. Correlo. "Skin-Integrated Wearable Systems and Implantable Biosensors: A Comprehensive Review." Biosensors 10, no. 7 (July 21, 2020): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios10070079.

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Biosensors devices have attracted the attention of many researchers across the world. They have the capability to solve a large number of analytical problems and challenges. They are future ubiquitous devices for disease diagnosis, monitoring, treatment and health management. This review presents an overview of the biosensors field, highlighting the current research and development of bio-integrated and implanted biosensors. These devices are micro- and nano-fabricated, according to numerous techniques that are adapted in order to offer a suitable mechanical match of the biosensor to the surrounding tissue, and therefore decrease the body’s biological response. For this, most of the skin-integrated and implanted biosensors use a polymer layer as a versatile and flexible structural support, combined with a functional/active material, to generate, transmit and process the obtained signal. A few challenging issues of implantable biosensor devices, as well as strategies to overcome them, are also discussed in this review, including biological response, power supply, and data communication.
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Xu, Jian, and Hyowon Lee. "Anti-Biofouling Strategies for Long-Term Continuous Use of Implantable Biosensors." Chemosensors 8, no. 3 (August 7, 2020): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors8030066.

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The growing trend for personalized medicine calls for more reliable implantable biosensors that are capable of continuously monitoring target analytes for extended periods (i.e., >30 d). While promising biosensors for various applications are constantly being developed in the laboratories across the world, many struggle to maintain reliable functionality in complex in vivo environments over time. In this review, we explore the impact of various biotic and abiotic failure modes on the reliability of implantable biosensors. We discuss various design considerations for the development of chronically reliable implantable biosensors with a specific focus on strategies to combat biofouling, which is a fundamental challenge for many implantable devices. Briefly, we introduce the process of the foreign body response and compare the in vitro and the in vivo performances of state-of-the-art implantable biosensors. We then discuss the latest development in material science to minimize and delay biofouling including the usage of various hydrophilic, biomimetic, drug-eluting, zwitterionic, and other smart polymer materials. We also explore a number of active anti-biofouling approaches including stimuli-responsive materials and mechanical actuation. Finally, we conclude this topical review with a discussion on future research opportunities towards more reliable implantable biosensors.
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3

Ziegler, Kirk J. "Developing implantable optical biosensors." Trends in Biotechnology 23, no. 9 (September 2005): 440–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2005.07.006.

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4

Kotanen, Christian N., Francis Gabriel Moussy, Sandro Carrara, and Anthony Guiseppi-Elie. "Implantable enzyme amperometric biosensors." Biosensors and Bioelectronics 35, no. 1 (May 2012): 14–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2012.03.016.

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5

Do Thi Hong, Diep, Duong Le Phuoc, Hoai Nguyen Thi, Serra Pier Andrea, and Rocchitta Gaia. "THE ROLE OF POLYETHYLENIMINE IN ENHANCING PERFORMANCE OF GLUTAMATE BIOSENSORS." Volume 8 Issue 3 8, no. 3 (June 2018): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.34071/jmp.2018.3.6.

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Background: The first biosensor was constructed more than fifty years ago. It was composed of the biorecognition element and transducer. The first-generation enzyme biosensors play important role in monitoring neurotransmitter and determine small quantities of substances in complex matrices of the samples Glutamate is important biochemicals involved in energetic metabolism and neurotransmission. Therefore, biosensors requires the development a new approach exhibiting high sensibility, good reproducibility and longterm stability. The first-generation enzyme biosensors play important role in monitoring neurotransmitter and determine small quantities of substances in complex matrices of the samples. The aims of this work: To find out which concentration of polyethylenimine (PEI) exhibiting the most high sensibility, good reproducibility and long-term stability. Methods: We designed and developed glutamate biosensor using different concentration of PEI ranging from 0% to 5% at Day 1 and Day 8. Results: After Glutamate biosensors in-vitro characterization, several PEI concentrations, ranging from 0.5% to 1% seem to be the best in terms of VMAX, the KM; while PEI content ranging from 0.5% to 1% resulted stable, PEI 1% displayed an excellent stability. Conclusions: In the result, PEI 1% perfomed high sensibility, good stability and blocking interference. Furthermore, we expect to develop and characterize an implantable biosensor capable of detecting glutamate, glucose in vivo. Key words: Glutamate biosensors, PEi (Polyethylenimine) enhances glutamate oxidase, glutamate oxidase biosensors
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6

Zhang, Mingkuan, Xiaohong Wang, Zhiping Huang, and Wei Rao. "Liquid Metal Based Flexible and Implantable Biosensors." Biosensors 10, no. 11 (November 10, 2020): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios10110170.

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Biosensors are the core elements for obtaining significant physiological information from living organisms. To better sense life information, flexible biosensors and implantable sensors that are highly compatible with organisms are favored by researchers. Moreover, materials for preparing a new generation of flexible sensors have also received attention. Liquid metal is a liquid-state metallic material with a low melting point at or around room temperature. Owing to its high electrical conductivity, low toxicity, and superior fluidity, liquid metal is emerging as a highly desirable candidate in biosensors. This paper is dedicated to reviewing state-of-the-art applications in biosensors that are expounded from seven aspects, including pressure sensor, strain sensor, gas sensor, temperature sensor, electrical sensor, optical sensor, and multifunctional sensor, respectively. The fundamental scientific and technological challenges lying behind these recommendations are outlined. Finally, the perspective of liquid metal-based biosensors is present, which stimulates the upcoming design of biosensors.
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7

Acquaroli, Leandro N., Tim Kuchel, and Nicolas H. Voelcker. "Towards implantable porous silicon biosensors." RSC Adv. 4, no. 66 (2014): 34768–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra04184d.

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8

Bobrowski, Tim, and Wolfgang Schuhmann. "Long-term implantable glucose biosensors." Current Opinion in Electrochemistry 10 (August 2018): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coelec.2018.05.004.

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9

Puggioni, Giulia, Giammario Calia, Paola Arrigo, Andrea Bacciu, Gianfranco Bazzu, Rossana Migheli, Silvia Fancello, Pier Serra, and Gaia Rocchitta. "Low-Temperature Storage Improves the Over-Time Stability of Implantable Glucose and Lactate Biosensors." Sensors 19, no. 2 (January 21, 2019): 422. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19020422.

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Molecular biomarkers are very important in biology, biotechnology and even in medicine, but it is quite hard to convert biology-related signals into measurable data. For this purpose, amperometric biosensors have proven to be particularly suitable because of their specificity and sensitivity. The operation and shelf stability of the biosensor are quite important features, and storage procedures therefore play an important role in preserving the performance of the biosensors. In the present study two different designs for both glucose and lactate biosensor, differing only in regards to the containment net, represented by polyurethane or glutharaldehyde, were studied under different storage conditions (+4, −20 and −80 °C) and monitored over a period of 120 days, in order to evaluate the variations of kinetic parameters, as VMAX and KM, and LRS as the analytical parameter. Surprisingly, the storage at −80 °C yielded the best results because of an unexpected and, most of all, long-lasting increase of VMAX and LRS, denoting an interesting improvement in enzyme performances and stability over time. The present study aimed to also evaluate the impact of a short-period storage in dry ice on biosensor performances, in order to simulate a hypothetical preparation-conservation-shipment condition.
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10

Edelberg, Jay M., Jason T. Jacobson, David S. Gidseg, Lilong Tang, and David J. Christini. "Enhanced myocyte-based biosensing of the blood-borne signals regulating chronotropy." Journal of Applied Physiology 92, no. 2 (February 1, 2002): 581–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00672.2001.

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Biosensors play a critical role in the real-time determination of relevant functional physiological needs. However, typical in vivo biosensors only approximate endogenous function via the measurement of surrogate signals and, therefore, may often lack a high degree of dynamic fidelity with physiological requirements. To overcome this limitation, we have developed an excitable tissue-based implantable biosensor approach, which exploits the inherent electropotential input-output relationship of cardiac myocytes to measure the physiological regulatory inputs of chronotropic demand via the detection of blood-borne signals. In this study, we report the improvement of this application through the modulation of host-biosensor communication via the enhancement of vascularization of chronotropic complexes in mice. Moreover, in an effort to further improve translational applicability as well as molecular plasticity, we have advanced this approach by employing stem cell-derived cardiac myocyte aggregates in place of whole cardiac tissue. Overall, these studies demonstrate the potential of biologically based biosensors to predict endogenous physiological dynamics and may facilitate the translation of this approach for in vivo monitoring.
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11

Wang, Yan, Santhisagar Vaddiraju, Bing Gu, Fotios Papadimitrakopoulos, and Diane J. Burgess. "Foreign Body Reaction to Implantable Biosensors." Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology 9, no. 5 (August 25, 2015): 966–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1932296815601869.

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12

Heo, Yun Jung, and Shoji Takeuchi. "Implantable Biosensors: Towards Smart Tattoos: Implantable Biosensors for Continuous Glucose Monitoring (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 1/2013)." Advanced Healthcare Materials 2, no. 1 (January 2013): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adhm.201370002.

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13

Feng, Jianyou, Chuanrui Chen, Xuemei Sun, and Huisheng Peng. "Implantable Fiber Biosensors Based on Carbon Nanotubes." Accounts of Materials Research 2, no. 3 (January 22, 2021): 138–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/accountsmr.0c00109.

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14

Galeska, Izabela, Debjit Chattopadhyay, Francis Moussy, and Fotios Papadimitrakopoulos. "Calcification-Resistant Nafion/Fe3+Assemblies for Implantable Biosensors." Biomacromolecules 1, no. 2 (June 2000): 202–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bm0002813.

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15

Olivo, Jacopo, Sandro Carrara, and Giovanni De Micheli. "Energy Harvesting and Remote Powering for Implantable Biosensors." IEEE Sensors Journal 11, no. 7 (July 2011): 1573–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2010.2085042.

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16

Heo, Yun Jung, and Seong-Hyok Kim. "Toward Long-Term Implantable Glucose Biosensors for Clinical Use." Applied Sciences 9, no. 10 (May 27, 2019): 2158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9102158.

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Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) sensors have led a paradigm shift to painless, continuous, zero-finger pricking measurement in blood glucose monitoring. Recent electrochemical CGM sensors have reached two-week lifespans and no calibration with clinically acceptable accuracy. The system with the recent CGM sensors is identified as an “integrated glucose monitoring system,” which can replace finger-pricking glucose-testing for diabetes treatment decisions. Although such innovation has brought CGM technology closer to realizing the artificial pancreas, discomfort and infection problems have arisen from short lifespans and open wounds. A fully implantable sensor with a longer-term lifespan (90 days) is considered as an alternative CGM sensor with high comfort and low running cost. However, it still has barriers, including surgery for applying and replacing and frequent calibration. If technical refinement is conducted (e.g., stability and reproducibility of sensor fabrication), fully implantable, long-term CGM sensors can open the new era of continuous glucose monitoring.
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17

Rosenbloom, A. J., S. Nie, Yue Ke, Robert P. Devaty, and Wolfgang J. Choyke. "Columnar Morphology of Porous Silicon Carbide as a Protein-Permeable Membrane for Biosensors and Other Applications." Materials Science Forum 527-529 (October 2006): 751–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.527-529.751.

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We present relative recovery data for six proteins diffusing through porous silicon carbide membranes having a hybrid columnar/dendritic morphology. These membranes are promising candidates for implantable biosensors. The results are interpreted using an effective medium model.
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18

Rosenbloom, A. J., Y. Shishkin, D. M. Sipe, Yue Ke, Robert P. Devaty, and Wolfgang J. Choyke. "Porous Silicon Carbide as a Membrane for Implantable Biosensors." Materials Science Forum 457-460 (June 2004): 1463–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.457-460.1463.

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19

Tan, Ee Lim, Brandon Pereles, Brock Horton, Ranyuan Shao, Mohammed Zourob, and Keat Ghee Ong. "Implantable Biosensors for Real-time Strain and Pressure Monitoring." Sensors 8, no. 10 (October 15, 2008): 6396–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s8106396.

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20

Valdastri, Pietro, Ekawahyu Susilo, Thilo Forster, Christof Strohhofer, Arianna Menciassi, and Paolo Dario. "Wireless Implantable Electronic Platform for Chronic Fluorescent-Based Biosensors." IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 58, no. 6 (June 2011): 1846–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2011.2123098.

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21

Heo, Yun Jung, and Shoji Takeuchi. "Towards Smart Tattoos: Implantable Biosensors for Continuous Glucose Monitoring." Advanced Healthcare Materials 2, no. 1 (November 26, 2012): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adhm.201200167.

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22

Scheuermann, Uwe, Mohamed M. Ibrahim, John Yerxa, William Parker, Matthew G. Hartwig, Bruce Klitzman, and Andrew S. Barbas. "Machine Perfusion of Liver Grafts With Implantable Oxygen Biosensors." Transplantation Direct 5, no. 7 (July 2019): e463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/txd.0000000000000905.

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23

Wang, Ning, Krishna Burugapalli, Wenhui Song, Justin Halls, Francis Moussy, Asim Ray, and Yudong Zheng. "Electrospun fibro-porous polyurethane coatings for implantable glucose biosensors." Biomaterials 34, no. 4 (January 2013): 888–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.10.049.

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24

Vaddiraju, Santhisagar, Ioannis Tomazos, Diane J. Burgess, Faquir C. Jain, and Fotios Papadimitrakopoulos. "Emerging synergy between nanotechnology and implantable biosensors: A review." Biosensors and Bioelectronics 25, no. 7 (March 2010): 1553–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2009.12.001.

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25

Pellegrino, M., B. E. Eovino, L. Beker, T. Bourouina, and L. Lin. "Tunable Ultrasonic Energy Harvesting for Implantable Biosensors and Medical Devices." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 773 (November 2016): 012035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/773/1/012035.

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26

Gant, Rebecca M., Yaping Hou, Melissa A. Grunlan, and Gerard L. Coté. "Development of a self-cleaning sensor membrane for implantable biosensors." Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A 90A, no. 3 (September 1, 2009): 695–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.32135.

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27

Çağlayan, Zeynep, Yağmur Demircan Yalçın, and Haluk Külah. "A Prominent Cell Manipulation Technique in BioMEMS: Dielectrophoresis." Micromachines 11, no. 11 (November 3, 2020): 990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11110990.

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BioMEMS, the biological and biomedical applications of micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), has attracted considerable attention in recent years and has found widespread applications in disease detection, advanced diagnosis, therapy, drug delivery, implantable devices, and tissue engineering. One of the most essential and leading goals of the BioMEMS and biosensor technologies is to develop point-of-care (POC) testing systems to perform rapid prognostic or diagnostic tests at a patient site with high accuracy. Manipulation of particles in the analyte of interest is a vital task for POC and biosensor platforms. Dielectrophoresis (DEP), the induced movement of particles in a non-uniform electrical field due to polarization effects, is an accurate, fast, low-cost, and marker-free manipulation technique. It has been indicated as a promising method to characterize, isolate, transport, and trap various particles. The aim of this review is to provide fundamental theory and principles of DEP technique, to explain its importance for the BioMEMS and biosensor fields with detailed references to readers, and to identify and exemplify the application areas in biosensors and POC devices. Finally, the challenges faced in DEP-based systems and the future prospects are discussed.
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28

Quinn, Christopher A. P., Robert E. Connor, and Adam Heller. "Biocompatible, glucose-permeable hydrogel for in situ coating of implantable biosensors." Biomaterials 18, no. 24 (December 1997): 1665–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0142-9612(97)00125-7.

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29

Gray, M., J. Meehan, C. Ward, S. P. Langdon, I. H. Kunkler, A. Murray, and D. Argyle. "Implantable biosensors and their contribution to the future of precision medicine." Veterinary Journal 239 (September 2018): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.07.011.

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30

Wang, Yan, Fotios Papadimitrakopoulos, and Diane J. Burgess. "Polymeric “smart” coatings to prevent foreign body response to implantable biosensors." Journal of Controlled Release 169, no. 3 (August 2013): 341–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.12.028.

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31

Wu, Fei, Ping Yu, and Lanqun Mao. "Bioelectrochemistry for in vivo analysis: Interface engineering toward implantable electrochemical biosensors." Current Opinion in Electrochemistry 5, no. 1 (October 2017): 152–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coelec.2017.08.008.

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32

Yang, Cheng, Xinshuo Huang, Xiangling Li, Chengduan Yang, Tao Zhang, Qianni Wu, Dong liu, et al. "Wearable and Implantable Intraocular Pressure Biosensors: Recent Progress and Future Prospects." Advanced Science 8, no. 6 (January 21, 2021): 2002971. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/advs.202002971.

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33

Sabiri, Issa, Hamid Bouyghf, and Abdelhadi Raihani. "Optimal Sizing of RF Integrated Inductors for Power Transfer of Implantable Biosensors." Proceedings 60, no. 1 (November 2, 2020): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecb2020-07053.

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Energy recovery methods are currently receiving a very great deal of attention from the research community. Especially, in the case of implantable biosensors where wireless energy transfer has become the main technique in these applications. An implant is a medical device manufactured to replace a missing biological structure, support a damaged biological structure, or enhance an existing biological structure. Biosensors are man-made devices, in contrast to a transplant, which is a transplanted biomedical tissue. The method of energy transfer eliminates the risk of skin infection, as well as the need for invasive surgery to change the battery. In this paper, we present the efficient approach to design an optimized octagonal spiral inductor operating at a frequency of 2.4 GHz with an inductance L value of 4 nH and a maximum factor of quality Q. The principle part of this work is based on the use of a collection of methods called metaheuristics, which are approaches used to solve a wide range of optimization problems, in order to achieve a high-performance optimized design. The problem is represented by an objective function that will be implemented using a MATLAB script and then the validation of the results obtained will be performed using the advanced design system (ADS) microwave circuit simulation software.
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Oliveira, Helinando Pequeno de. "Wearable Nanogenerators: Working Principle and Self-Powered Biosensors Applications." Electrochem 2, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 118–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electrochem2010010.

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Wearable self-powered sensors represent a theme of interest in the literature due to the progress in the Internet of Things and implantable devices. The integration of different materials to harvest energy from body movement or the environment to power up sensors or act as an active component of the detection of analytes is a frontier to be explored. This review describes the most relevant studies of the integration of nanogenerators in wearables based on the interaction of piezoelectric and triboelectric devices into more efficient and low-cost harvesting systems to power up batteries or to use the generated power to identify multiple analytes in self-powered sensors and biosensors.
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35

Ramanavicius, Simonas, and Arunas Ramanavicius. "Conducting Polymers in the Design of Biosensors and Biofuel Cells." Polymers 13, no. 1 (December 25, 2020): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13010049.

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Fast and sensitive determination of biologically active compounds is very important in biomedical diagnostics, the food and beverage industry, and environmental analysis. In this review, the most promising directions in analytical application of conducting polymers (CPs) are outlined. Up to now polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) are the most frequently used CPs in the design of sensors and biosensors; therefore, in this review, main attention is paid to these conducting polymers. The most popular polymerization methods applied for the formation of conducting polymer layers are discussed. The applicability of polypyrrole-based functional layers in the design of electrochemical biosensors and biofuel cells is highlighted. Some signal transduction mechanisms in CP-based sensors and biosensors are discussed. Biocompatibility-related aspects of some conducting polymers are overviewed and some insights into the application of CP-based coatings for the design of implantable sensors and biofuel cells are addressed. New trends and perspectives in the development of sensors based on CPs and their composites with other materials are discussed.
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Ramanavicius, Simonas, and Arunas Ramanavicius. "Charge Transfer and Biocompatibility Aspects in Conducting Polymer-Based Enzymatic Biosensors and Biofuel Cells." Nanomaterials 11, no. 2 (February 2, 2021): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11020371.

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Charge transfer (CT) is a very important issue in the design of biosensors and biofuel cells. Some nanomaterials can be applied to facilitate the CT in these bioelectronics-based devices. In this review, we overview some CT mechanisms and/or pathways that are the most frequently established between redox enzymes and electrodes. Facilitation of indirect CT by the application of some nanomaterials is frequently applied in electrochemical enzymatic biosensors and biofuel cells. More sophisticated and still rather rarely observed is direct charge transfer (DCT), which is often addressed as direct electron transfer (DET), therefore, DCT/DET is also targeted and discussed in this review. The application of conducting polymers (CPs) for the immobilization of enzymes and facilitation of charge transfer during the design of biosensors and biofuel cells are overviewed. Significant attention is paid to various ways of synthesis and application of conducting polymers such as polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene). Some DCT/DET mechanisms in CP-based sensors and biosensors are discussed, taking into account that not only charge transfer via electrons, but also charge transfer via holes can play a crucial role in the design of bioelectronics-based devices. Biocompatibility aspects of CPs, which provides important advantages essential for implantable bioelectronics, are discussed.
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37

Maniya, Nalin H. "Recent Advances in Porous Silicon Based Optical Biosensors." REVIEWS ON ADVANCED MATERIALS SCIENCE 53, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 49–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rams-2018-0004.

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Abstract PSi structures have unique physical and optical properties, which are being exploited for a numerous biomedical applications including biosensing, bioimaging, tissue engineering, and drug delivery. Different PSi optical structures can be fabricated to improve the sensitivity of the optical measurements. A very high surface area per volume of PSi can be used for the higher loading of target analytes in a small sensor area, which helps in increasing sensitivity and allows the miniaturization of biosensor. The specificity of PSi biosensor to the target analyte can be inferred by immobilizing the corresponding bioreceptor such as DNA, enzyme, or antibody via different conjugation chemistries. Finally, PSi is biocompatible material that offers additional advantage in comparison to other sensing platforms for in vivo implantable biosensing applications. This paper reviews fabrication, surface modification, biofunctionalization, and optical biosensing applications of PSi structures with special emphasis on in vivo and PSi photonic particles biosensing.
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38

Hwa, Kuo-Yuan, and Boopathi Subramani. "Immobilization of Glucose Oxidase on Gold Surface for Applications in Implantable Biosensors." Journal of Medical and Bioengineering 4, no. 4 (2015): 297–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.12720/jomb.4.4.297-301.

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39

Shahroury, Fadi R., and Ahamd A. Mohammad. "Design of a passive CMOS implantable continuous monitoring biosensors transponder front-end." Microelectronics Journal 90 (August 2019): 141–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mejo.2019.06.005.

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40

Edagawa, K., and M. Yasuzawa. "Preparation of Fine Implantable Needle Type Biosensors for Blood Vessel Glucose Monitoring." ECS Transactions 50, no. 12 (March 15, 2013): 401–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/05012.0401ecst.

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41

Burugapalli, Krishna, Shavini Wijesuriya, Ning Wang, and Wenhui Song. "Biomimetic electrospun coatings increase the in vivo sensitivity of implantable glucose biosensors." Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A 106, no. 4 (December 23, 2017): 1072–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.36308.

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42

Gant, R. M., A. A. Abraham, Y. Hou, B. M. Cummins, M. A. Grunlan, and G. L. Coté. "Design of a self-cleaning thermoresponsive nanocomposite hydrogel membrane for implantable biosensors." Acta Biomaterialia 6, no. 8 (August 2010): 2903–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2010.01.039.

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43

Lee, Dongwon, Kijun Park, and Jungmok Seo. "Recent Advances in Anti-inflammatory Strategies for Implantable Biosensors and Medical Implants." BioChip Journal 14, no. 1 (March 2020): 48–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13206-020-4105-7.

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44

Zhang, Yanan, Dilbir S. Bindra, Marie-Bernadette Barrau, and George S. Wilson. "Application of cell culture toxicity tests to the development of implantable biosensors." Biosensors and Bioelectronics 6, no. 8 (January 1991): 653–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0956-5663(91)87018-7.

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Baluta, Sylwia, Joanna Cabaj, and Karol Malecha. "Biosensors Technologies for Point-of-Care Testing – A Review." Periodica Polytechnica Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 64, no. 4 (September 17, 2020): 325–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppee.15358.

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Chronic illnesses require continuous monitoring and medical intervention for efficient treatment to be achieved. Therefore, designing a responsive system that will reciprocate to the physicochemical changes may offer superior therapeutic activity In this respect, biosensors development, which offers constant, fast, selective and sensitive in situ monitoring is extremely important. The ability of biosensors miniaturization opens new technological pathways for the development of innovative approaches, which will be able to detect a wide range of compounds in the "multi-mode" system. Miniaturization and integration of important components result in many advantages: reducing the time of analysis and laboratory processes, automatization of measurements, compactness, and portability. Biosensing instruments also represent a very promising scientific way for construction new generation of wearable, portable and implantable bioelectronic devices for Point-Of-Care (POC) testing application. Biosensors also offer a powerful opportunity in early diagnosis and treatment of illness, which is an essential value in the case of POC testing. POC is mostly focused on the patient with chronic illness, where the continuous monitoring of analytes, is required to allow changing of the dosage and treatment period. In this review, we present the application of biosensing platforms in one chip, which can be used in wireless, wearable and swallowable sensors for POC diagnostic.
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Rosini, Elena, Paola D’Antona, and Loredano Pollegioni. "Biosensors for D-Amino Acids: Detection Methods and Applications." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 13 (June 27, 2020): 4574. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21134574.

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D-enantiomers of amino acids (D-AAs) are only present in low amounts in nature, frequently at trace levels, and for this reason, their biological function was undervalued for a long time. In the past 25 years, the improvements in analytical methods, such as gas chromatography, HPLC, and capillary electrophoresis, allowed to detect D-AAs in foodstuffs and biological samples and to attribute them specific biological functions in mammals. These methods are time-consuming, expensive, and not suitable for online application; however, life science investigations and industrial applications require rapid and selective determination of D-AAs, as only biosensors can offer. In the present review, we provide a status update concerning biosensors for detecting and quantifying D-AAs and their applications for safety and quality of foods, human health, and neurological research. The review reports the main challenges in the field, such as selectivity, in order to distinguish the different D-AAs present in a solution, the simultaneous assay of both L- and D-AAs, the production of implantable devices, and surface-scanning biosensors. These innovative tools will push future research aimed at investigating the neurological role of D-AAs, a vibrant field that is growing at an accelerating pace.
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Manzo, Maurizio, Omar Cavazos, Zhenhua Huang, and Liping Cai. "Plasmonic and Hybrid Whispering Gallery Mode–Based Biosensors: Literature Review." JMIR Biomedical Engineering 6, no. 2 (April 12, 2021): e17781. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/17781.

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Background The term “plasmonic” describes the relationship between electromagnetic fields and metallic nanostructures. Plasmon-based sensors have been used innovatively to accomplish different biomedical tasks, including detection of cancer. Plasmonic sensors also have been used in biochip applications and biosensors and have the potential to be implemented as implantable point-of-care devices. Many devices and methods discussed in the literature are based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and localized SPR (LSPR). However, the mathematical background can be overwhelming for researchers at times. Objective This review article discusses the theory of SPR, simplifying the underlying physics and bypassing many equations of SPR and LSPR. Moreover, we introduce and discuss the hybrid whispering gallery mode (WGM) sensing theory and its applications. Methods A literature search in ScienceDirect was performed using keywords such as “surface plasmon resonance,” “localized plasmon resonance,” and “whispering gallery mode/plasmonic.” The search results retrieved many articles, among which we selected only those that presented a simple explanation of the SPR phenomena with prominent biomedical examples. Results SPR, LSPR, tilted fiber Bragg grating, and hybrid WGM phenomena were explained and examples on biosensing applications were provided. Conclusions This minireview presents an overview of biosensor applications in the field of biomedicine and is intended for researchers interested in starting to work in this field. The review presents the fundamental notions of plasmonic sensors and hybrid WGM sensors, thereby allowing one to get familiar with the terminology and underlying complex formulations of linear and nonlinear optics.
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Schormans, Matthew, Virgilio Valente, and Andreas Demosthenous. "Frequency Splitting Analysis and Compensation Method for Inductive Wireless Powering of Implantable Biosensors." Sensors 16, no. 8 (August 4, 2016): 1229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s16081229.

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Khan, Munna, Ajai Kumar Singh, and Syed Shakir Iqbal. "SPICE simulation of implantable solar power supply for sustainable operation of cardiac biosensors." International Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Technology 18, no. 2 (2015): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijbet.2015.070036.

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Wang, Ning, Krishna Burugapalli, Shavini Wijesuriya, Mahshid Yazdi Far, Wenhui Song, Francis Moussy, Yudong Zheng, Yanxuan Ma, Zhentao Wu, and Kang Li. "Electrospun polyurethane-core and gelatin-shell coaxial fibre coatings for miniature implantable biosensors." Biofabrication 6, no. 1 (December 17, 2013): 015002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1758-5082/6/1/015002.

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