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Journal articles on the topic 'Imperial influence'
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1
Maltseva, Yulia. "The Concept of an Imperial City in The Modern Global World." SHS Web of Conferences 92 (2021): 06022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219206022.
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Research background: The author analyzes the phenomenon of cultural identity of the city and its cultural and economic aspects which allows us to create the concept of the Imperial city, and analyze its relationship with its own historical background and ideas about the global city. Structural analysis of modern ideas about the Imperial city allows us to ensure a strong urban brand and influences its global competitiveness. Purpose of the article: The article is devoted to the problem of forming strong brands of certain territories, in particular, Imperial cities, and their impact on the competitiveness of the region. Methods: The multidisciplinary approach to the analysis of a chosen phenomenon combining economic-statistical and cultural-philosophical methods to assess the mutual influence of the city’s globality and its Imperia concept on the formation of its distinctive ecnomically strong brand. Findings & Value added: The analysis showed that a new understanding of the phenomenon of the Imperial city, strengthening its brand, increasing recognition in the world and close ties with cultural dominants allows the Imperial cities to attract significant financial investments and improve their competitive position at the global market. As a scientific growth, the author can consider the influence of the Imperial city concept on the structure of the formation of a successful urban brand of a territory. The author proposes the new methodology for assessing the brand value of the Imperial City.
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Tseng, Ampere A. "Five Influential Factors for Chinese Buddhists’ Vegetarianism." Worldviews 22, no. 2 (May 30, 2018): 143–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685357-02201100.
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Abstract The article explores five leading factors influencing Chinese Buddhists to observe vegetarian diets. The first one is the influence from the precepts and teachings of the important Mahayana sutras on vegetarianism. The second factor is the influence of Chinese imperial authority, leading political figures who promoted Buddhism to popularize vegetarianism. The third and fourth factors are the influences of Chinese indigenous religions, which consider the contributions of Confucianism and Taoism, respectively, to the vegetarianization of Chinese Buddhists. The final one explores the sociocultural influence, including societal norms or other aspects of one’s lived environment, which can smooth the path to vegetarian eating. We then conduct an assessment to gauge the influence of each factor. By studying and comparing the gauging data, we discover that the second factor, the advocacy of the imperial authority, is the most influential factor for the vegetarianization of ordained Chinese Buddhists. Although the influence levels of Buddhist sutras and Taoism are not as strong as that of the imperial authority, their influences are higher than that of Confucianism and sociocultural influence. Finally, we present a closing remark on future efforts to promote vegetarianism worldwide.
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Coffey, Donal K. "Constitutional law and empire in interwar Britain: universities, liberty, nationality and parliamentary supremacy." Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly 71, no. 2 (August 14, 2020): 193–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.53386/nilq.v71i2.316.
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This article examines the influence of imperial law, law outside the UK but within the British Empire, on the development of British constitutional law in the interwar period. It first looks at public law within the universities. Four foundational textbooks in British public law are then analysed to assess the extent to which the academic exposition of constitutional law was influenced by imperial law. The influence of imperial law on the areas of liberty/habeas corpus and citizenship is then considered. The article concludes by re-examining the doctrine of parliamentary supremacy and argues that Dicey accepted a variant of the ‘manner and form’ objection in the final edition of his textbook completed before his death.
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Drabinski, John E. "Senghor's Anxiety of Influence." Journal of French and Francophone Philosophy 24, no. 1 (October 12, 2016): 68–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jffp.2016.758.
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An examination of the question of influence in Senghor's work, with particular attention to the concept of assimilation - which I argue allows Senghor to responsibly adopt notions from French vitalist and life-philosophy traditions, despite their close ties to colonial and imperial histories.
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Mizuta, Susumu. "Making a Mint: British Mercantile Influence and the Building of the Japanese Imperial Mint." Architectural History 62 (2019): 89–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/arh.2019.4.
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AbstractThe Japanese Imperial Mint, which began its operation producing gold and silver coins in Osaka in 1871, has come to represent the self-modernisation of Japanese architecture and society more generally, both in its industrial purpose and western classical style. This article focuses on the planning, construction and socio-spatial design of the mint to resituate the project in the context of British imperial expansion. New archival research in both Japan and Britain, enabling close analysis of overlooked drawings and documents, establishes the Japanese Imperial Mint's dependence on the transfer of men, machinery and plans from the former Hong Kong Mint, mediated and managed by the two firms Glover & Co and Jardine Matheson & Co. This article thus not only sheds new light on these two individually important buildings in colonial and imperial history, and the engineers involved, but illuminates the relationship between British colonial architecture and the activities of British merchants at the edge of empire in East Asia in the nineteenth century.
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Baldoni, Marica, Alessandra Nardi, Flavio De Angelis, Olga Rickards, and Cristina Martínez-Labarga. "How Does Diet Influence Our Lives? Evaluating the Relationship between Isotopic Signatures and Mortality Patterns in Italian Roman Imperial and Medieval Periods." Molecules 26, no. 13 (June 25, 2021): 3895. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26133895.
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The present research investigates the relationship between dietary habits and mortality patterns in the Roman Imperial and Medieval periods. The reconstructions of population dynamics and subsistence strategies provide a fascinating source of information for understanding our history. This is particularly true given that the changes in social, economic, political, and religious aspects related to the transition from the Roman period to the Middle Ages have been widely discussed. We analyzed the isotopic and mortality patterns of 616 individuals from 18 archeological sites (the Medieval Latium sites of Colonna, Santa Severa, Allumiere, Cencelle, and 14 Medieval and Imperial funerary contexts from Rome) to compile a survivorship analysis. A semi-parametric approach was applied, suggesting variations in mortality patterns between sexes in the Roman period. Nitrogen isotopic signatures influenced mortality in both periods, showing a quadratic and a linear effect for Roman Imperial and Medieval populations, respectively. No influence of carbon isotopic signatures has been detected for Roman Imperial populations. Conversely, increased mortality risk for rising carbon isotopic values was observed in Medieval samples.
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Orbay, Kayhan. "Imperial Waqfs within the Ottoman Waqf System." Endowment Studies 1, no. 2 (February 20, 2017): 135–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24685968-00102002.
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This paper defines the category of imperial waqfs in the Ottoman waqf system. This category comprises the waqf complexes founded by the sultans, dynasty members and high-ranking state servants. A distinctive feature of imperial waqfs is the amount and variety of sources of income devoted to these institutions, so that consequently their huge budgets outweighed the budgets of thousands of ordinary waqfs. Their financial resources allowed them to provide diverse and costly charitable services and to emerge as economic and social institutions extending their influence over several towns and wide rural regions. Their economic, financial, and even charitable activities created a field of economic influence through the redistributive mechanisms of waqfs. This economic field and its influence are called the waqf economy in this paper. Some of the largest imperial waqfs were under the supervision of central offices and their institutional organization and administration was more sophisticated than the other waqfs. Organizational and administrative hierarchy and the delegation of authority over multiple levels of this hierarchy in the imperial waqfs, in the centrally-controlled waqfs in particular, gave rise to an agency problem. The imperial waqfs designated additional control and monitoring systems and an efficient incentive mechanism in order to solve the agency problem.
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Polak, Andrzej. "Tęsknota za imperium w najnowszej fantastyce rosyjskiej." Studia Rossica Posnaniensia 44, no. 1 (August 8, 2019): 83–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/strp.2019.44.1.9.
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The article describes a group of texts that make up the so-called imperial fantasy genre. The author points out the sources of fascination with the imperial idea as well as discusses the scenarios created by the fantasists to regain the status of the empire by Russia. A separate aspect is the ability to read the imperial fantasy with the use of conceptual tools developed on the basis of the postcolonial theory. The influence of neo-Eurasian concepts on the reality created by the writers of the imperial fantasy is also discussed.
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Dotsenko, Victor. "THE INFLUENCE OF HISTORICAL MEMORY ON MODERN UKRAINIANS’ POSTCOLONIAL SYNDROME OVER COME." Almanac of Ukrainian Studies, no. 22 (2017): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2520-2626/2017.22.5.
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The attempts to determine main fundamental historical myths, which were used by soviet and modern Russian ideologists for soviet person historical conscience formation and their overcome in modern Ukraine are represented in the article on the basis of scientific works, analysis of existent historians, political social analysts. The concept of «nation’s friendship» dominated in historiography and public discussions in USSR during the decades. This concept successfully hided soviet type of imperialism and colonialism. It was the inheritance of new Ukrainian state. The struggle for Ukrainian nation’s conscience between Ukraine and imperial Russia continued during the whole modern history of Ukrainian state. Russia tries to privatize the historical memory about Slavonic state origin and to use it for new imperial ideological project creation. Ukrainian scientistsand culture figures firmly resist to Russian ideological offensive at the same time getting tiny support from politicians. The winner in the war for national Ukrainian identity saving and Ukrainian political nation creation is going to be a person who will reveal the real Ukrainian history without ideological myths and post-imperial stereotypes.
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Dotsenko, Victor. "THE INFLUENCE OF HISTORICAL MEMORY ON MODERN UKRAINIANS’ POSTCOLONIAL SYNDROME OVER COME." Almanac of Ukrainian Studies, no. 22 (2017): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/520-2626/2017.22.5.
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The attempts to determine main fundamental historical myths, which were used by soviet and modern Russian ideologists for soviet person historical conscience formation and their overcome in modern Ukraine are represented in the article on the basis of scientific works, analysis of existent historians, political social analysts. The concept of «nation’s friendship» dominated in historiography and public discussions in USSR during the decades. This concept successfully hided soviet type of imperialism and colonialism. It was the inheritance of new Ukrainian state. The struggle for Ukrainian nation’s conscience between Ukraine and imperial Russia continued during the whole modern history of Ukrainian state. Russia tries to privatize the historical memory about Slavonic state origin and to use it for new imperial ideological project creation. Ukrainian scientistsand culture figures firmly resist to Russian ideological offensive at the same time getting tiny support from politicians. The winner in the war for national Ukrainian identity saving and Ukrainian political nation creation is going to be a person who will reveal the real Ukrainian history without ideological myths and post-imperial stereotypes.
11
Liu, Haifeng. "Influence of China’s imperial examinations on Japan, Korea and Vietnam." Frontiers of History in China 2, no. 4 (October 2007): 493–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11462-007-0025-5.
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Martin, Nicola. "Lord Loudoun, the Highlands and Imperial Subjecthood in North America." Scottish Historical Review 100, no. 2 (August 2021): 249–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/shr.2021.0517.
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This article provides a comparative analysis of the tenure of John Campbell, fourth earl of Loudoun, as a regional commander in the Scottish Highlands during the Jacobite uprising of 1745–6 and as commander-in-chief of the British forces in North America from January 1756 to December 1757. It challenges historiographical interpretations of Loudoun as an incompetent bully, instead emphasising his attempts to negotiate with local elites in both imperial fringes for the realisation of the state's aims, albeit within the confines of his own understanding of imperial subjecthood. This article argues that Loudoun's experiences of waging war and pacifying the Highlands directly influenced how he approached the challenges he faced in implementing British military strategy in North America. In doing so, it contributes to the growing body of scholarship investigating the role of the army in British imperial policymaking and the direct and indirect influence British army experiences in the Scottish Highlands had on the transatlantic implementation of empire.
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Liebeschuetz, Wolf. "The Influence of Judaism among Non-Jews in the Imperial Period." Journal of Jewish Studies 52, no. 2 (October 1, 2001): 235–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18647/2349/jjs-2001.
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ARSAN, ANDREW. "UNDER THE INFLUENCE? TRANSLATIONS AND TRANSGRESSIONS IN LATE OTTOMAN IMPERIAL THOUGHT." Modern Intellectual History 10, no. 2 (July 11, 2013): 375–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244313000061.
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This essay focuses upon a single speech by the Ottoman man of religion Shaykh Ahmad Tabbarah. Though short, it allows us to reconsider the ways in which we have framed intellectual production beyond Europe in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. For even as scholars have queried the diffusionist sweep of earlier narratives, asserting the intellectual agency of non-Western thinkers, they have continued to lay the emphasis on the ways the latter customized European thought to local exigencies. Tabbarah, however, engaged in two-way translations and transgressions. Arraying French sources into a Khaldunian narrative even as he slotted statistics into conventional rhetorical forms, he imbued the secular with the religious, and the religious with the secular. Resolutely refusing to choose between these various elements, he laced them together into a compound creation, which drew its strength from the confluence of two seemingly incommensurable bodies of thought.
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WAELKENS, MARC. "HELLENISTIC AND ROMAN INFLUENCE IN THE IMPERIAL ARCHITECTURE OF ASIA MINOR." Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies 36, Supplement_55 (January 1, 1989): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-5370.1989.tb02053.x.
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Kellner, Corina M., and Margaret J. Schoeninger. "Wari’s imperial influence on local Nasca diet: The stable isotope evidence." Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 27, no. 2 (June 2008): 226–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaa.2007.12.003.
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Campbell, Cameron, and James Lee. "Kin Networks, Marriage, and Social Mobility in Late Imperial China." Social Science History 32, no. 2 (2008): 175–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200010749.
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To assess claims about the role of the extended family in late imperial Chinese society, we examine the influence of kin network characteristics on marriage, reproduction, and attainment in Liaoning Province in Northeast China in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. We compare the influences on outcomes of the number and status of different types of kin as well as the seniority of the individual within each type of kin group. We find that the characteristics of kin outside the household did matter for individual outcomes but that patterns of effects were nuanced. While based on our results we concur that kin networks were important units of social and economic organization in late imperial China, we conclude that their role was complex.
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Xavier, Ângela Barreto. "Conversos and Novamente Convertidos: Law, Religion, and Identity in the Portuguese Kingdom and Empire." Journal of Early Modern History 15, no. 3 (2011): 255–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006511x565116.
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AbstractIn this essay, I intend to demonstrate that the foundations of the attitudes of the Portuguese crown and its agents in relation to the native populations living in the imperial territories were mainly inspired by the relations in Portugal with Jews, and later, Conversos. Besides the strong influence of classical inspiration and a rereading of medieval travelers on the construction of the imperial territories, the ways of thinking about, identifying, and governing internal others served as a reference guide to interpret and model the social situations that emerged in the Portuguese imperial territories. Indeed, the establishment of analogies between the populations of the kingdom and imperial populations had a great practical impact, and molded a good part of the political solutions that were delineated initially as extra territorium, particularly those in the territory of Goa.
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Vandevoorde, Lindsey. "The Family and the Imperial City." Mnemosyne 70, no. 5 (September 13, 2017): 820–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568525x-12342180.
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AbstractA freedwoman, Vetilia Egloge, was married to a member of the city council of Mutina. Her son was, however, a freedman with a name identical to that of his mother’s husband, adecurio. This son was appointed asaugustalisandapollinaris. As is made clear in the first and second part of the paper, this means that the homonymous male characters mentioned in this inscription (ae2008, 535) were connected both on a local institutional and a familial level—asdecurioandaugustalis(andapollinaris) and as adoptive father and adoptive son respectively. The third part investigates how these familial and institutional connections may have interacted. The sociological concept of ‘transgenerational mobility’ provides a link between the family and the city. This inscription offers exceptional insight into the complexity of social situations, and shows how family strategies influence the workings of local institutions.
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Gomez, Michael A. "Timbuktu Under Imperial Songhay: A Reconsideration of Autonomy." Journal of African History 31, no. 1 (March 1990): 5–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700024750.
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Songhay sources compiled in the seventeenth century portray the relationship between Gao, the political capital of the state, and Timbuktu, the religious and commercial centre, as abnormally important. The view is that Timbuktu was not only autonomous, but a source of important political influence over policy decisions at Gao. A consensus of contemporary scholars has embraced this depiction. In contrast, the present study argues that Timbuktu was not autonomous, but that Gao was sucessful in achieving its original objective in capturing the city: financial profit. In addition, the evidence is consistent in outlining the relatively negligible political influence of Timbuktu over Gao. The Timbuktu-centric chronicles are largely responsible for this distortion; it is therefore necessary to approach these sources with even greater caution. It is also desirable to re-examine the roles of other sahelian entrepots during the imperial Songhay period to determine more accurately their relative importance.
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Marini*, Richard. "Thinning York Imperial Apple with Chemical Combinations." HortScience 39, no. 4 (July 2004): 792D—793. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.792d.
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Six-year-old York/M.9 trees were used to evaluate combinations of chemicals for fruit thinning. In one experiment a factorial combination of 2 levels of carbaryl (0 or 600 mg·L-1) and 5 levels of 6-BA (0, 40, 80, 120, and 160 mg·L-1) were sprayed when fruit diam. averaged 10.5 mm. Carbaryl significantly reduced fruit set, number of fruit/tree, yield efficiency, and crop density, and increased fruit weight. The main effect of 6-BA did not significantly influence any response variable. Two variables were significantly influenced by the carbaryl × 6-BA interaction. In the absence of carbaryl, fruit set was reduced and fruit weight was increased by 6-BA at concentrations less than 160 mg·L-1, but the addition of 6-BA to carbaryl was no more effective than carbaryl alone. In a second experiment, a factorial combination of 2 levels of carbaryl (0 vs. 600 mg·L-1), 2 levels of NAA (0 vs. 5 mg·L-1), and 2 levels of ethephon (0 vs. 450 mg·L-1) were sprayed when fruit when fruit diam. averaged 10.5 mm. Carbaryl and NAA reduced fruit set by about 30%, but ethephon overthinned and reduced set by 65%. When the other materials were combined with ethephon, thinning was similar to ethephon alone. The combination of carbaryl and NAA was no more effective than either material alone. The lowest values for yield, yield efficiency, and numbers of fruit per tree were associated with the combination of ethephon plus NAA. Ethephon was the only material that increased fruit weight.
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Adhikari, Prakash, Zora Singh, Vijay Yadav Tokala, Poe Nandar Kyaw, and Bronwyn Walsh. "Fruit canopy position and harvest date influence on colour and quality of Imperial mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco)." April 2020, no. 14(04):2020 (April 20, 2020): 660–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.20.14.04.p2304.
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Rind colour and taste are important factors influencing consumer acceptance of mandarins (Citrus reticulata Blanco) fruit. In this experiment, the influence of fruit canopy position and harvest date on the fruit rind colour and other quality parameters of Imperial mandarins was investigated. The mandarin fruit were harvested from four different positions in the tree canopy i.e., upper-inner, upper-outer, lower-inner and lower-outer and at three different harvest dates (H1 (five days before commercial harvest date); H2 (commercial harvest date) and H3 (five days after commercial harvest date). The experiment was conducted using a two factors (fruit position and harvest time) factorial randomised block design with four replicates and fifteen fruit per replicate. Rind colour and the quality of Imperial mandarins were significantly affected by the fruit position in the tree canopy, with the fruit harvested from the upper canopy having better rind colour and higher levels of organic acids and sugars compared to other positions. The late harvested (H3) mandarins exhibited the best fruit colour. In conclusion, the Imperial mandarin fruit had better fruit colour as well as quality when harvested from the upper canopy and by delaying the fruit harvest date by five days from the original commercial harvest date.
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Lindsay, Debra J. "The limits of imperial influence: John James Audubon in British North America." Archives of Natural History 47, no. 2 (October 2020): 302–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2020.0656.
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For two decades, John James Audubon (1785–1851) travelled widely and frequently while working on his illustrated natural history volumes – still highly prized today for their aesthetic and scientific merit: Birds of America (1827–1838) and Viviparous Quadrupeds of North America (1846–1854). Neither independently wealthy nor employed as a salaried scientist, the artist-naturalist with a flair for marketing financed his projects by selling subscriptions. Successfully marketing Birds to members of the British aristocracy, as well as to organizations and to artistic and intellectual elites, Audubon was reluctant to take Quadrupeds to Britain even though sales there were key to the financial viability of his work. Instead, in 1842 Audubon travelled to Canada (now Ontario and Quebec), the most populous region of British North America. The colony was, he calculated, a viable source of subscribers; however, he was wrong. Moreover, having travelled to British North America previously, he should have expected modest returns. Nonetheless, he was optimistic that this expedition would succeed where those to New Brunswick (1832) and Labrador and Newfoundland (1833) had failed. This paper examines why success eluded Audubon in the colonies, arguing that entrepreneurialism buttressed by patronage – a winning strategy in Britain – failed because there was a vast difference between metropolis and hinterland when it came to supporting the arts and sciences.
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Irving, Sarah. "Imperial perceptions of Palestine: British influence and power in late Ottoman times." Palestine Exploration Quarterly 151, no. 3-4 (October 2, 2019): 268–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00310328.2019.1695366.
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Guthorn, Harrison B. "Imperial perceptions of Palestine: British influence and power in late Ottoman times." Cambridge Review of International Affairs 29, no. 2 (April 2, 2016): 796–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09557571.2016.1194579.
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Paxton, Nicholas. "The Imperial Abbey at Farnborough, 1883–1920." Recusant History 28, no. 4 (October 2007): 575–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034193200011675.
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‘Those who establish religious foundations are very closely linked with the life their benefaction has made possible. Their influence takes from day to day its part in the life of the foundation.’ So wrote the pseudonymous Robert Sencourt in 1948 as the start of an article about the Empress Eugénie. This present article will explore the elements in Eugénie's character and past life which motivated her to make such an unusual foundation as a mausoleum-abbey at Farnborough, her establishment of its church and house, the relationship between her and its clergy, and the lives of the religious communities (first Premonstratensian, then Benedictine) that staffed the abbey from its foundation until her grand funeral there, which provides the climax of the article.
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ORBACH, Danny. "Pure Spirits: Imperial Japanese Justice and Right-Wing Terrorists, 1878–1936." Asian Studies 6, no. 2 (June 29, 2018): 129–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/as.2018.6.2.129-156.
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Why was the legal system in 1930s Japan so friendly to right-wing offenders, even when they tried to assassinate leading statesmen and generals? The answer is intertwined with a cultural narrative defined here as “subjectivism”, that assigned vital importance to a criminal’s subjective state of mind when evaluating his or her transgressions. Though influenced by Western thought, this narrative was indigenous to Japan. It originated in the late Edo period, shortly prior to the establishment of the Meiji State in 1868, under specific historical circumstances and was later reinforced by the policy of the early Meiji State. Consequently, it pervaded education, politics and popular discourse alike, in the civilian sphere and even more so in the army. Until the early 1920s, this trend had a relatively modest influence on the Japanese justice system. It then began to gain traction in military courts dealing with political crimes of army personnel. From 1932 it influenced civilian courts as well, though civilian judges were relatively more reluctant to accept it than their military peers. After a peak in the mid-1930s, it again receded into the background, following the abortive coup d’état of February 26, 1936.
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CURTIS, HEATHER D. "Popular Media and the Global Expansion of American Evangelicalism in an Imperial Age." Journal of American Studies 51, no. 4 (October 10, 2017): 1043–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875816001407.
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This article examines the crucial role that print media played in the global expansion of American evangelicalism during the late 1890s: a moment when the United States was exercising new forms of military, economic, and cultural power to extend its influence in world affairs. Analyzing the strategies that publicists employed to make the popular press an effective medium of spreading American evangelicalism sheds light on the theological and social factors that influenced – and circumscribed – the ways in which evangelicals imagined, fostered, and undermined the creation of a global Christian community in this increasingly imperial era.
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Bulvinskiy, A. "Impact of the Imperial State Tradition on Modernization in Contemporary Russia." Problems of World History, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 49–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/2707-6776-2016-2-3.
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The article explains the influence of imperial state tradition on the substance, direction and purpose of the modernization in contemporary Russia. One of the key factors of the imperial nature of the Russian statehood is the historically formed imperial consciousness of Russian elites and Russians as the dominant ethnic group, which is being constantly reproduced. Contemporary Russia pursues a strategy of defensive modernization that aims at overcoming the military-technical gap between Russia and the advanced Western countries. The Russian leadership has neither conducted nor planned modernization of the Russian state and political system on the basis of the principles of the real non-controllable democracy. It is shown that successful technological, economic, and especially political modernization is impossible without changing the socio-political model established in modern Russia.
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Harper, Jayson K., and George M. Greene. "Fruit Quality Characteristics Influence Prices Received for Processing Apples." HortScience 28, no. 11 (November 1993): 1125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.11.1125.
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This study quantifies the discounts and premiums associated with various quality factors for processing apples (Malus domestica Borkh.). Discounts and premiums were estimated using a hedonic price model and quality data from a total of 137 samples representing three processing apple cultivars (45 `York Imperial', 43 `Rome Beauty', and 49 `Golden Delicious'). Price discounts in the sample were statistically significant for fruit size, bruising, bitter pit, decay, misshapen apples, and internal breakdown. Commonly cited defects, such as insect damage and apple scab, did not cause significant price discounts.
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Usarov, Umidjon. "THE CONDITION OF LAND AND WATER RELATIONS IN THE SIRDARYA REGION IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX - THE BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURIES." JOURNAL OF LOOK TO THE PAST 4, no. 3 (April 30, 2020): 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-9599-2020-4-7.
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This article analyzes the features of land-water relations in the agrarian policy of the Russian Empire in the second half of the XIX and early XX centuries in the Turkestan region, in particular, in the Syr Darya region. This explains the influence of the policy of the imperial government on the creation of the province, changes in land ownership rights and property relations after the establishment of colonial domination in the country, including the declaration of all lands as state property and the adaptation of these relations to imperial interests
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Pensabene, Patrizio. "Alexandria, Cyrenaica, Cyprus: Ptolemaic Heritage in Imperial Residential Architecture." Światowit, no. 58 (September 14, 2020): 11–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/0082-044x.swiatowit.58.1.
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The relationship between Alexandria and the architectural traditions of Cyrenaica and Cyprus is currently becoming an important research topic. Beside the clear historical and geographical links, many comparisons specifically between the Cyrenaican and Cypriote architecture and that of Alexandria evidence a strong influence of the latter on both lands. The Alexandrian impact on architecture dates back to the Ptolemaic Period and continued under the Romans until late Antiquity
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Farzan, Shohreh F., Mitiasoa Razafy, Sandrah P. Eckel, Luis Olmedo, Esther Bejarano, and Jill E. Johnston. "Assessment of Respiratory Health Symptoms and Asthma in Children near a Drying Saline Lake." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 20 (October 11, 2019): 3828. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203828.
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Residents of the Imperial Valley, a rural, agricultural border region in California, have raised concerns over high rates of pediatric asthma symptoms. There is an urgent need to understand the influences and predictors of children’s respiratory health in Imperial Valley. We assessed the impacts of sociodemographic, lifestyle, and household factors on children’s respiratory health and asthma prevalence by administering a survey to parents of elementary school children (n = 357) in northern Imperial Valley. We observed an overall asthma prevalence of 22.4% and respiratory symptoms and allergies were widely reported, including wheezing (35.3%), allergies (36.1%), bronchitic symptoms (28.6%), and dry cough (33.3%). Asthmatics were significantly more likely to report respiratory symptoms, but high rates of wheezing, allergies, and dry cough were observed among nonasthmatics, suggesting the possibility for underdiagnosis of respiratory impairment in our school-age population. Having an asthmatic mother and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke were also associated with greater odds of asthma. Our findings provide evidence to support community concerns about children’s respiratory health, while also suggesting that household and demographic characteristics have limited explanatory power for assessing asthma in this population. This work provides critical baseline data with which to evaluate local environmental factors and their influence on asthma and respiratory symptoms.
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Gómez Alférez, Juan Sebastián. "Japan’s foreign policy: from imperial power to regional leader?" Revista Digital Mundo Asia Pacífico 8, no. 15 (December 9, 2019): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17230/map.v8.i15.04.
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The present essay seeks to explore Japanese foreign policy and its trans- formations throughout time. Particular emphasis is placed on two historical moments: the emergence of Japan as an imperial power, beginning with the Meiji Restoration, and contemporary Japan. The choice of these two instances is an attempt to define an arc of development in Japanese history, in order to understand Japan’s role in Asia and how it has both determined and been determined by international dynamics. By presenting information in chrono- logical order, the essay tries to establish a connection between past and pres- ent, and asks whether a “Japanese style of influence” can be deduced from both periods. The essay finds that Japan’s place in the region has changed from a more assertive and leading one, albeit more violent, to one character- ized by the indirect balancing of power. While dealing with radically different contexts, the essay finds that Japan’s influence strategies, whether historical or contemporary, have had similar intended effects in terms of the develop- ment of other countries. In this sense, by showing a broad and brief picture of Japan’s past and present that is traversed by a single theme, the essay con- tributes to the understanding of Japan’s current position, its historical roots, and the common factors that might continue in the future.
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Riedi, Eliza. "Options for an Imperialist Woman: The Case of Violet Markham, 1899-1914." Albion 32, no. 1 (2000): 59–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0095139000064218.
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Recent years have seen growing interest both in the influence of the British Empire on metropolitan culture—what John M. MacKenzie described as “the centripetal effects of Empire”—and in the relationships between gender and imperialism. Early studies of European women and imperialism described the activities of women as “memsahibs,” travellers and colonists in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, challenged the notion that “women lost us the Empire,” and began to analyze the roles of white women in the “man’s world” of imperial rule. More recently attention has been drawn by Vron Ware, Barbara Ramusack and Antoinette Burton to the complex relationships between British and colonized women and, by Burton especially, to the ambiguities of “imperial feminism.” Nevertheless, apart from the well-documented female emigration societies, and the isolated study of Flora Shaw, colonial editor of The Times, by Helen Callaway and Dorothy O. Helly, the considerable activities of women as imperial propagandists have received little attention. This article traces the imperial activism of Violet Markham, the daughter of a Northern industrialist and sister of a Liberal M.P. who, roused from the aimless existence of Victorian young ladyhood by the Boer War, spent much of the Edwardian era promoting the cause of the British Empire. Through a study of her imperial career it explores the options available to an imperialist woman in an era when women were barred from formal politics, and when imperial politics in particular were considered a “masculine” preserve, and considers the obstacles—practical, ideological and psychological—which confronted her.
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Bykova, Iuliia Igorevna. "To the question of creation of Great Imperial Crowns in Russia in the XVIII century." Человек и культура, no. 5 (May 2020): 54–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8744.2020.5.33920.
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The object of this research is the Great Imperial Crowns of the Russian monarchs in the XVIII century. The goal consists in clarification of the circumstances of creation and existence of the Great Imperial Crowns in Russia during this period, determination of their artistic peculiarities, and analysis these regalia as the works of jewelry art with consideration of stylistic evolution. For achieving the goal, the complex method based on the synthesis of art and historical-cultural approaches is applied. The author refers to a range of sources: unpublished archival documents, memoirs of the contemporaries, and visual material. This article presents a first comprehensive study on creation of the Great Imperial Crowns in Russia. The examines archival documents allow specifying names of the artists who created these regalia, many of which are introduced into the scientific discourse for the first time. The analysis of artistic image of Great Imperial Crowns is carried out. The research demonstrates that in the XVIII century this image transformed under the influence of stylistic preferences in the Russian art culture, as well as due to succession of the court jewelers who belonged to different jewelry schools. Up until Paul I of Russia, who made these regalia hereditary, the Great Imperial Crowns were usually taken apart after the coronation ceremony they were made for.
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Buccino, Laura. "Ritratti di Leptis Magna: modelli, produzione, contesto tra la dinastia flavia e gli Antonini." Libyan Studies 45 (November 2014): 19–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/lis.2014.3.
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AbstractDifferent types of marble portraits are discussed: both official Imperial images as well as private portraits, with the intention of illustrating the relationship to Roman models and to highlight stylistic and technical characteristics belonging to local sculptors. The portraits belonged to honourific statues dedicated in Lepcis Magna in public prestigious areas (Old Forum, Theatre, Serapeum, Hadrianic Baths). In these public meeting places the Imperial government officials, civic authorities and the privateevergeteshad the opportunity of celebrating the central power and its representatives, from the Emperor and the members of his family to provincial functionaries; personal aspirations of Romanisation and of making a political and administrative career; one's own generosity, personal wealth, preeminent role in civic society, as well as accumulating honours, visibility and social prestige. In the case of some statues of private individuals it is uncertain whether they were intended to be honourific or funerary. The chronological span, extending from the Flavian to the end of the Antonine period, corresponds to the period of greatest social stability and economic prosperity in Tripolitania and in Lepcis Magna in particular. From the analysis carried out, certain distinctive traits of Lepcitan portraiture between the first and second century AD emerge. The influence of the Graeco-Alexandrine tradition, more or less filtered through Cyrene, which held a significant role throughout the early Imperial age, tends to weaken and, at the latest by the end of the Flavian period, to disappear altogether. Local workshops, by now well trained, and in some cases identifiable through a distinctive formal language, become strongly influenced by Rome, either directly or through Carthage, capital of the province of Africa Proconsularis. Alongside this component is the growing influence of Asia Minor, fed by the increasing importation of marble from the eastern part of the empire, which would also have a great deal of influence on architectural decoration. The presence of a masterpiece in the Asiatic style, the female portrait-statue from the Serapeum, is the most striking testimonial of this evolutionary trend.
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MacLeod, Roy. "“All for Each and Each for All”: Reflections on Anglo-American and Commonwealth Scientific Cooperation, 1940–1945." Albion 26, no. 1 (1994): 79–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4052100.
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Twice this century, the wartime mobilization of civilian academic science has been rightly recognized as one of the most remarkable achievements of Britain, the Commonwealth, and the United States. If the first world war demonstrated the Empire's “strength in unity,” the second placed far greater demands on Allied and imperial resources in research, development, and supply. Where the first war witnessed a limited application of scientific advice, on request, and in response to limited problems, the second saw scientists and engineers develop an enormous range of technologies, frequently ahead of military requirements. In the course of the scientific war, new principles of liaison emerged, replacing peacetime practices of professional and institutional coordination. Imperial relations fostered by peacetime bureaux devoted to natural products and industrial research were overtaken by new, larger, and more powerful ministries devoted to supply and production. In certain respects, the demands of science began to drive imperial policy, weaving a fabric of relationships that survived to influence Commonwealth and international science diplomacy well after the war had ended.At an official level, these were among the most apparent outcomes of imperial science at war. The principal technical results of Allied collaboration—in radar, jet engines, the atomic bomb, for example—are well known. However, beneath myriad homerics of technical and organizational triumphs resides an equally important legacy of imperial rhetoric, symbol, and metaphor, in which the discourses of imperial science and commonwealth became re-examined and revalorized. The respective roles of the “metropolis” and the “periphery”—the geometries of Empire—were redefined by decisions that governed the supply of raw materials, the sharing of sensitive information, and the development of weapons.
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PETLEY, CHRISTER. "NEW PERSPECTIVES ON SLAVERY AND EMANCIPATION IN THE BRITISH CARIBBEAN." Historical Journal 54, no. 3 (July 29, 2011): 855–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x11000264.
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ABSTRACTNew approaches to British imperial history and the rise of Atlantic history have had a strong influence on historians specializing in the history of the British-colonized Caribbean during the era of slavery. Caribbean scholars have always stressed the importance of transatlantic and colonial connections, but these new perspectives have encouraged historians to rethink the ways that Caribbean colonies and the imperial metropole shaped one another and to reconsider the place of the Caribbean region within wider Atlantic and global contexts. Attention to transatlantic links has become especially important in new work on abolition and emancipation. Scholars have also focused more of their attention on white colonizing elites, looking in particular at colonial identities and at strategies of control. Meanwhile, recent calls for pan-Caribbean approaches to the history of the region are congruent with pleas for more detailed and nuanced understandings of the development of slave and post-slave societies, focusing on specifically Caribbean themes while setting these in their wider imperial, Atlantic, and global contexts.
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Olson, Alison G. "The Eighteenth Century Empire: The London Dissenters' Lobbies and the American Colonies." Journal of American Studies 26, no. 1 (April 1992): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875800030206.
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In the eighteenth century England had virtually no army and only a handful of administrators in its American colonies: the empire was held together by voluntary compliance, not coercion. One of the reasons the American colonists acquiesced in imperial decisions was that they had an effective way to influence them through London lobbies working on the Americans' behalf. London interest groups spoke and acted on behalf of their colonial correspondents before the ministry, the Privy Council, the Board of Trade and, less often, Parliament; in so doing they gave the colonists an input into imperial decision-making and provided vital information to the government.
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CHUVARDIN, G. S., and I. V. GONCHAROVA. "FORMATION OF AUTOMOBILE BUSINESS AND FEATURES OF OPERATION OF THE FIRST CARS IN THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN THE LATE XIX - EARLY XX CENTURY." World of transport and technological machines 71, no. 4 (December 2020): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33979/2073-7432-2020-71-4-29-36.
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The article deals with the features of the formation of the automobile industry in the Russian Empire at the beginning of the XX century. Based on a set of sources, including archival materials, the influence of subjective factors on the development of the automobile business is considered. The dynamics of the attitude to the first cars from the Imperial court and personally Nicholas II, the structure of the Imperial garage are analyzed. The development of automobile business is consid-ered in three directions: automobile sport, tourism and practical movement. It emphasizes its elite and leisure character until the beginning of the First World War.
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Kettler, Mark T. "What did Paul Rohrbach Actually Learn in Africa? The Influence of Colonial Experience on a Publicist’s Imperial Fantasies in Eastern Europe*." German History 38, no. 2 (March 10, 2020): 240–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerhis/ghaa013.
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Abstract Paul Rohrbach was an influential publicist in Wilhelmine Germany. He also routinely used racial justifications to defend brutal policies for managing the indigenous populations of Germany’s African colonies. In recent years, scholars have interpreted Rohrbach’s promotion of colonialism as evidence that colonial ideas increasingly saturated German political and imperial discourse before and during the First World War. His work has thus been cited to support an emerging narrative of pathological continuity, which contends that Wilhelmine German imperialists reflexively drew upon colonial ideologies, experiences and models to inform increasingly repressive and violent plans to rule ethnically diverse space in Eastern Europe. This article argues that Paul Rohrbach has been misinterpreted. His career represents not the ease with which colonial ideas infiltrated German imperial discourse, but rather the severe reluctance of an ardent colonialist to employ colonial methods in European space. Drawing upon his writings on Africa and his discussions of German war aims in Eastern Europe during the First World War, this article demonstrates Rohrbach’s profound unwillingness to structure German imperial expansion in Russia’s Baltic provinces and Congress Poland according to colonial precedents. Differences in the perceived cultural and political sophistication of African, Baltic and Polish societies convinced Rohrbach that repressive and brutal colonial models of rule would be inefficient or counterproductive for achieving German objectives in Eastern Europe. Indeed, Rohrbach’s studies of colonialism actually reinforced his commitment to decentralization and respect for national diversity as essential instruments for governing politically sophisticated European societies. His experiences in Africa, in other words, steeled his confidence in multinational imperialism.
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Dutton, Jacqueline. "Imperial ice? The influence of Empire on contemporary French and British Antarctic travel writing." Studies in Travel Writing 13, no. 4 (December 2009): 369–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13645140903301859.
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Milton, Patrick. "The Mutual Guarantee of the Peace of Westphalia in the Law of Nations and Its Impact on European Diplomacy." Journal of the History of International Law / Revue d’histoire du droit international 22, no. 1 (March 11, 2020): 101–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718050-12340132.
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Abstract This paper seeks to investigate how the mutual guarantee clauses of the treaties of Westphalia, which ended the Thirty Years War in 1648, affected European diplomacy until the late eighteenth century. It will first analyse the reception and impact of the guarantee of the Peace of Westphalia in the European Law of Nations and in subsequent treaty law. Secondly, it will assess the practical impact of this feature of the Law of Nations on European diplomacy, and how this influence changed over time. This will also include an analysis of how diplomacy and shifting power-political currents altered the content of the guarantee in the Law of Nations. In analysing the guarantee’s influence on diplomacy, the paper places a particular emphasis on Franco-Imperial and Swedish-Imperial relations, as well as the perception of the guarantee among diplomats and other political actors during political, constitutional and confessional conflicts within the Holy Roman Empire.
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Zhou, Linong. "Effects of Government Intervention on Population Growth in Imperial China." Journal of Family History 18, no. 3 (July 1993): 213–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/036319909301800302.
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This study explores the role of imperial governments in affecting mortality levels and, particularly, fertility behaviors. It attempts to demonstrate that one element in Malthus' population theory, preventive checks, did exist in pre-modern China. Economic rationalism motivated peasants to adopt certain measures under varied conditions which raises doubts about the uniqueness of European societies in this aspect. Due mainly to government relief and welfare efforts, incentives to preventive checks gradually declined, which may be viewed as one more case of the influence of non-economic factors on the course of economic development.
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Alimova, Dina, Maxim Zaloilo, Oksana Ivanyuk, and Dmitry Pashentsev. "Historical stages in the development of domestic lawmaking: from imperial tradition to digital innovation." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2020, no. 11-2 (November 1, 2020): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202011statyi30.
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The article identifies and analyzes the historical stages in the development of the legislative activity of the Russian state, starting from the 15th century. The characteristics of each of the stages are given from the standpoint of historical science. The features, that characterize the Russian lawmaking tradition are revealed, with the help of the comparative historical method its historical dynamics is shown over several centuries. The role of the state in the development of lawmaking at different historical stages is substantiated, the influence of the form of government on lawmaking is shown. The features of the influence of modern digital technologies on lawmaking are revealed, the transformation of lawmaking traditions under the influence of digitalization is shown.
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Siddique, Asheesh Kapur. "Mobilizing the “State Papers” of Empire: John Bruce, Early Modernity, and the Bureaucratic Archives of Britain." Journal of Early Modern History 22, no. 5 (October 2, 2018): 392–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700658-12342604.
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Abstract This article examines John Bruce’s vision of the bureaucratic archives of the British state and empire at the end of the eighteenth century. As Historiographer to the East India Company and Keeper of State Papers in the 1790s and early 1800s, Bruce used the archives of corporate and state government as sources of bureaucratic knowledge to justify and plan imperial and domestic policy. In this way, Bruce deployed a strategy of governance by the authority of “state papers,” rooted in early modern political practice, across imperial and domestic government. The demise of Bruce’s influence signaled the waning of this role of the archive as a technology of governance in Britain during the nineteenth century.
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KWAN, JONATHAN. "TRANSYLVANIAN SAXON POLITICS AND IMPERIAL GERMANY, 1871–1876." Historical Journal 61, no. 4 (April 15, 2018): 991–1015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x17000486.
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AbstractThis article investigates the potential influence of the newly formed Imperial Germany on Transylvanian Saxon politics. The Saxons were German-speaking settlers with long traditions of local autonomy and political privileges within the kingdom of Hungary. From the early eighteenth century, Saxon politics had been defined by its relations to Hungary and to the Habsburg monarchy as a whole. Under the dualist system set up in the 1867 Compromise, the Hungarian government exerted control over Transylvania. The unification of Germany in 1871 introduced a new factor into Saxon politics since there was a clear territorial subject for the indistinct notions of pan-German cultural, religious (Lutheran), and historical affinities. The issue of Saxon administrative and political autonomy, eventually removed by the Hungarian government in 1876, forms a case-study of Saxon politics and the place of Germany within it. There was a spectrum of responses, not simply increased German nationalism amongst Saxons, and the article traces the careers of Georg Daniel Teutsch, Jakob Rannicher, and Guido Baussnern to highlight the diversity within the Saxon camp. From the perspective of Imperial Germany, diplomatic considerations such as regional stability outweighed any possible intervention in Hungarian domestic matters. Moreover, the German public remained largely indifferent to appeals for support.
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Thompson, Mark R. "East Asian Authoritarian Modernism: From Meiji Japan’s “Prussian Path” to China’s “Singapore Model”." International Studies Review 17, no. 2 (October 19, 2016): 125–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2667078x-01702006.
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The significance of Meiji Japan’s “Prussian path” to authoritarian modernity has largely been ignored in the social sciences because it contradicts prevailing modernization theory. Meiji Japanese reformers, after carefully examining several Western country’s political systems, chose the German model because of its illiberal but modern politics. This argument regarding the authoritarian modernity of Imperial Germany and Meiji Japan contradicts modernization theory which claims that advanced industrialization leads to liberal democracy. Similarly, Meiji Japan’s influence on the “developmental states” of East Asia (East and Southeast Asia) has not been given much weight by modernization theories. More recently, Singapore’s successful combination of non-democratic rule with advanced capitalism has been dismissed as a (literally) small exception to the general democratizing rule, with even autocratic China expected by modernization theorists to democratize soon given its rapid economic growth over the past generation. This article explores the impact of the Imperial German model of authoritarian modernism on Meiji Japan and, in turn, Japanese influence on political development in East Asia as well as the influence of the “Singapore model” on China. It explores three forms of linkages: social structural, state formational, and ideological.
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Frenkel, Luise Marion. "Peace and Harmony at Church Councils and in the Roman Empire under Theodosius II." Annuarium Historiae Conciliorum 48, no. 1 (June 20, 2018): 70–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/25890433-04801005.
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In fifth-century synods and councils, peace as a value linked to harmony is mentioned mainly in texts linked to the communication between the imperial administration and the bishops. The connection of peace and harmony is not foreign to Christian discourse, insofar as these values are usually expressed in terms that have Scriptural and patristic background related to religious strife to addressees whose identity is prominently Christian. Concurrently, in written communication with imperial officers, the relevance of the issues for the Roman empire and how Roman legislation could be applied to them was at the forefront, and theological or ecclesiastic details were accessory to the argument. In the context of the oral and written discourses and the use of non-verbal communication strategies, the selective appropriation of the elocution proper to the networking with the imperial administration in the core conciliar documentation of minutes and reports contributed to the partiality and incompleteness of the information they convey. Contextualising their rhetoric of peace, shows the influence of the authorial voices in the construction of the narratives.