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Academic literature on the topic 'Impédance de puce non linéaire'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Impédance de puce non linéaire"
Mudakkarappilli, Sudersanan Jithin. "Accurate experimental and numerical characterization of the forward and reverse RFID links for strongly coupled tags including nonlinearity of chip impedance." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Gustave Eiffel, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UEFL2029.
Full textThe context of this thesis is primarily centered around UHF RFID scenarios which involve a large number of tags randomly distributed and confined in an electrically reduced volume. The proximity of the radiating elements would result in significant electromagnetic coupling between the tag antennas, impacting the communication link between the reader and the tags. Consequently, the key performance indicators of the system such as read-range and read-rate get degraded. This research work presents a performance analysis of such an RFID system by including statistical aspects. To this aim, a model for the forward and reverse links including coupling effects between the tags is presented, which is validated by electromagnetic simulations and measurements. Prior to delving into the analysis involving a set of tags, a comprehensive characterization of the home-made RFID tag integrated with a Higgs-9 chip which is used in the study is performed. The antenna impedance is simulated and measured, while the nonlinear chip impedance is characterized by an impedance analyzer. The whole tag composed of the home-made antenna and the chip is tested under the RFID protocols. Considering the complexity of the problem at hand, the set of RFID tags under study is also modeled by a set of loaded dipoles in order to simplify their electromagnetic model provided that a high correlation between their behaviour could be proved. At this stage, the monostatic RCS is studied with an objective of highlighting the degradation in the response of an isolated tag to that of the same tag while surrounded by other tags. The coupling effects on the impedance and the radiation pattern of a tag are thus included in this monostatic RCS response. Afterwards, the forward link is analyzed in terms of the power absorbed by the chip and the maximum read-range of an interrogated tag while being surrounded by neighboring loaded tags. Interestingly a clear correlation is observed between the power absorbed by the chip obtained by simulation and the maximum read-range which is obtained by simulation and measured under RFID protocol. Multiple random configurations of tags have been tested and as a result of this part, a circuit-level observable is correlated to a direct system-level observable. The performance degradation due to coupling in the reverse link is analyzed in terms of the differential RCS, as it is indicative of the modulation depth from the tag. The differential RCS is calculated using the estimated reflection coefficients of the surrounded tag for two different load levels and is also measured directly under RFID protocol. As the last part, this research work takes into account the impact of nonlinear evolution of the complex chip impedance, along with coupling effects in the reverse link. Knowing that the chip impedance is a function of the input power, a mapping procedure is presented for the chip impedance estimation. The coupling model provides the power delivered to the chip, which is then mapped to obtain the nonlinear chip impedance of each tag in a set of randomly distributed tags. The inferences drawn from this work when combined with relevant statistical data could be used by RFID design engineers to assess the performance of an RFID scenario while being exposed to both mutual coupling and nonlinearities
Kechadi, Mohammed. "Développement et modélisation de l'impédance entre deux microélectrodes planes insérées dans un polymère diélectrique : vers l'application capteur et biocapteur en mode non contact pour puces microfluidiques." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066024.
Full textThis work is an experimental study and modeling of a microfluidic chip configuration produced by laser photoablation process on a dielectric polymer, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) for new bioanalytical development. This configuration is named "non- contact" wherein two microelectrodes are galvanically isolated in the PET without contact with the streaming electrolyte. Characterization by impedance spectroscopy of the dielectric response of PET alone has concluded that the PET film can be regarded as a constant phase element (CPE). This has permitted a best understanding of the measured impedances in a microfluidic chip under a 100 mV AC excitation in the frequency range between 1 Hz to 1 MHz, which are performed for: an empty microchannel, and a filled microchannel with electrolytes at various ionic conductivities. The results obtained showed a high sensitivity of the impedance measurements in correlation with the electrical conductivity change of the electrolyte. One of the surprising results relating to the identified impedances was a CPE behavior observed with an exponent of 0.5. This latter has been connected to the impedance due to the PET surface roughness. All these experimental results were supported by modeling using the equivalent circuits and by the finite elements. This was used to model both the physical phenomena in the microchannel and at PET interface/? - channel photoablated. Finally, both sensor and biosensor applications have been implemented in the microchip by recording the impedance module at fixed frequency with time. As examples, the investigating of the kinetics of BSA adsorption on the PET and the kinetics of association / dissociation between BSA and anti?BSA have been demonstrated
Addouche, Mahmoud. "Modélisation Non Linéaire des Oscillateurs à Quartz, Développement d'un Logiciel de Simulation." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011436.
Full textl'expérience et le savoir-faire de spécialistes grâce à des méthodes le plus souvent empiriques. Une démarche plus rigoureuse a
été engagée pour améliorer la conception et l'optimisation des oscillateurs ultra-stables (plus particulièrement les oscillateurs à quartz). Cette
thèse fait suite à une série de travaux dans le cadre de plusieurs contrats entre le LPMO et le CNES concernant la modélisation des
oscillateurs à quartz. L'objectif de notre travail est de fournir au CNES un logiciel (nommé ADOQ) offrant à l'utilisateur un outil simple pour la conception d'oscillateurs à quartz
performants. A partir de méthodes de simulation spécifiques aux circuits à grand coefficient de qualité nous avons développé
une méthode de calcul originale appelée méthode du Grand-Sinus. Le logiciel ADOQ est capable de déterminer avec une grande
précision les conditions de fonctionnement des oscillateurs à quartz : fréquence, amplitude, puissance d'excitation du résonateur en régime
permanent, régime transitoire, spectres de bruit d'amplitude et de phase. Il permet par ailleurs de déterminer la sensibilité des caractéristiques
de l'oscillateur en fonction de la variation de la valeur des composants. Il existe actuellement très peu de logiciels industriels en mesure de fournir directement ces informations. Le travail effectué dans le cadre de cette thèse est
complété par la validation expérimentale de la méthode Grand-Sinus et la vérification de la concordance des résultats de simulation avec les résultats de mesures.
Bussonnière, Adrien. "Actionnement microfluidique par ondes acoustiques de surface : de la physique aux applications biologiques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10212/document.
Full textA lab-on-a-chip aims at integrating on a miniaturized substrate one or several laboratory functions. This miniaturization of elementary functions has major advantages to design portable systems, to control precisely the experimental conditions or to reduce the environmental impact of industrial activities. In most of these microsystems, it is necessary to actuate a small amount of chemical or biological fluid under the form of droplets. In particular, it is often necessary to move, divide atomize or mix these small quantities of fluids. Surface Acoustic Wave actuators allow to perform all these elementary operations. They rely on the nonlinear interaction of a surface wave and a liquid. However a precise understanding of the underlying physics is still missing, hence restraining a widespread use of these microsystems. We present, in this thesis, a theorical and experimental study of the oscillation and the displacement of a droplet under a surface acoustic wave excitation. In the first part, we describe the droplet dynamics and nonlinear energy transfers that occur during actuation. The second part of the manuscript is dedicated to the development of a weakly nonlinear model to study parametric response of a droplet to periodic excitation. In a third part, the influence of the gravity is shown through the comparison of pendant and sessile droplet dynamics. A competition beetwen acoustic forces and gravity appears when tilting the experimental device and allow us to observe new droplet dynamics. In the last part of the manuscript, the free surface drop deformations generated by surface acoustic waves, are used to viably sort cells based on their adhesion properties
Ouhachi, Rezki. "Mise en oeuvre d'un banc de caractérisation non linéaire dans le domaine fréquentiel pour l'analyse de transistors HBT Si/SiGe : C." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10165/document.
Full textThe emergence of satellite communications and radar technologies always require more compact microwave power devices for integration of analog/digital operations on a single chip, reducing the manufacturing cost. As an exemple, since many years heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) permits to improve the silicon power transistor performances for microwave applications associated with CMOS technology. In this context, this work focuses on the characterization and modeling of these active devices. For this goal, a non linear bench and a large signal model are developed up to 50 GHz. On the first step, the non-linear measurement is carried out using the NVNA for load-pull measurements on the frequency domain and results are compared with those obtained from the LSNA on the time domain. This instrumental configuration associated with the dynamic operating capabilities of NVNA highlights its advantages and disadvantages. Subsequently, a SiGe HBT device extraction parameters procedure has been validated to establish a large signal model. The originality of this last one is its predictive extraction procedure and fast implementation based on the semiconductors analytical equations. Extraction steps are proven very effective in confrontations with the experimental data of the device under test with the same biases and for different load impedances. At last, thermal currents impacts on microwave power performance are discussed in time and frequency domains
Nieto, ferro Alex. "Nonlinear Dynamic Soil-Structure Interaction in Earthquake Engineering." Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ECAP0006/document.
Full textThe present work addresses a computational methodology to solve dynamic problems coupling time and Laplace domain discretizations within a domain decomposition approach. In particular, the proposed methodology aims at meeting the industrial need of performing more accurate seismic risk assessments by accounting for three-dimensional dynamic soil-structure interaction (DSSI) in nonlinear analysis. Two subdomains are considered in this problem. On the one hand, the linear and unbounded domain of soil which is modelled by an impedance operator computed in the Laplace domain using a Boundary Element (BE) method; and, on the other hand, the superstructure which refers not only to the structure and its foundations but also to a region of soil that possibly exhibits nonlinear behaviour. The latter subdomain is formulated in the time domain and discretized using a Finite Element (FE) method. In this framework, the DSSI forces are expressed as a time convolution integral whose kernel is the inverse Laplace transform of the soil impedance matrix. In order to evaluate this convolution in the time domain by means of the soil impedance matrix (available in the Laplace domain), a Convolution Quadrature-based approach called the Hybrid Laplace-Time domain Approach (HLTA), is thus introduced. Its numerical stability when coupled to Newmark time integration schemes is subsequently investigated through several numerical examples of DSSI applications in linear and nonlinear analyses. The HLTA is finally tested on a more complex numerical model, closer to that of an industrial seismic application, and good results are obtained when compared to the reference solutions
Atig, Mérouane. "Non-linéarité acoustique localisée à l'extrémité ouverte d'un tube. Mesure, modélisation et application aux instruments à vent." Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009283.
Full textDans une première partie, des mesures de l'impédance terminale réalisées à l'aide d'une méthode à deux microphones montrent que les pertes à la sortie du tube - partie réelle de l'impédance terminale dans le cadre de l'approximation du premier harmonique - augmentent avec l'amplitude de la vitesse acoustique. Les résultats montrent que l'importance de ces pertes dépend fortement du rayon de courbure des bords intérieurs à la sortie de tube. En outre, pour les faibles rayons de courbure, deux régimes sont mis en évidence. L'existence de ces deux régimes est confirmée par des observations utilisant la vélocimétrie par imagerie de particules (PIV) réalisées en collaboration avec l'Université d'Edimbourg : dans les deux cas un anneau tourbillonnaire est formé à la sortie du tube mais dans le cas du premier régime (faibles vitesses acoustiques) l'anneau reste accroché aux bords du tube alors que dans le cas du second régime (fortes vitesses acoustiques) il est expulsé.
La seconde partie concerne la modélisation du phénomène dans le but de mieux comprendre les mécanismes physiques mis en jeu. La théorie du bruit tourbillonnaire (``vortex sound theory'') est appliquée afin d'estimer directement les pertes à la sortie du tube. Trois calculs utilisant cette théorie sont menés : le premier, analytique, sur la base d'un unique anneau tourbillonnaire fixe ou mobile, le second à partir des mesures par PIV et le troisième par la méthode numérique dite des réseaux de Boltzmann. Les trois calculs conduisent à des résultats similaires qui démontrent que les pertes non linéaires trouvent leur origine dans la formation d'anneaux tourbillonnaires en sortie de tube. Ces résultats sont confrontés avec succès aux résultats issus des mesures d'impédance.
La troisième partie analyse les conséquences que peuvent avoir les pertes non linéaires dans le fonctionnement d'un instrument de musique à trous latéraux. Il est montré expérimentalement et à l'aide de simulations numériques que la dynamique de jeu d'un instrument à vent dépend directement des pertes dans l'instrument et que cette dynamique peut être étendue lorsque les pertes à la sortie sont minimisées par exemple en chanfreinant les bords des trous latéraux.
Houdebine, Marc. "Contribution pour l'amélioration de la robustesse et du bruit de phase des synthétiseurs de fréquences." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00137092.
Full textHuo, Weiguang. "Stratégies de commandes assistives pour les exosquelettes des membres inférieurs." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1041/document.
Full textNeurological problems caused by stroke and spinal cord injury as well as the weakness of skeletal muscles may considerably affect the motor ability of the elderly and infirm. Traditional solutions of assistance and treatment for these dependent people are relatively costly; they generally need significant human efforts and financial resources from caregivers and national healthcare centers. In this context, robotics appears as a convenient and promising solution to develop assistive systems for improving the autonomy of dependent people. Lower limb exoskeletons are wearable robots that can be used as assistive devices for augmenting the wearer’s motor ability and/or improving the effectiveness of neuromuscular rehabilitation. Recently, they have attracted increasing interest in the robotics community. As lower limb exoskeletons exhibit close cognitive and physical interactions with the wearer, a fundamental function is to provide appropriate power assistance by taking into account the wearer’s sensor-motor ability. Consequently, it is of great importance to develop human intention based control strategies. Meanwhile, from the exoskeleton’s viewpoint, the physical contacts with the wearer and the environment are both considered disturbances affecting the accomplishment of the wearer’s desired movements. These disturbances should also be taken into account during the design of control strategies.In this thesis, we develop three assistive control strategies for lower limb exoskeletons. In the meantime, two modes of assistance are studied: the passive mode in which the wearer has very limited motor ability as well as the active-assisted mode in which the wearer has certain motor ability but that is insufficient to perform autonomously a desired physical movement. In the first control strategy, the wearer is assumed to be in passive mode. A robust sliding mode control approach is developed based on the use of a nonlinear disturbance observer, in order to guarantee accurate tracking performance of desired knee joint movements. In the second control strategy, we propose a human intention based nonlinear active impedance control structure, in which the wearer is in an active-assisted mode. This assistive strategy is used to assist the wearer in single-task physical activities, for instance, the knee joint flexion/ extension movement. We investigate the performance of the proposed control structure based on two case studies: knee-joint flexion/extension movements and sit-to-stand movements. Finally, the third control strategy is developed to assist the wearer during walking activities. We propose a new approach that is able to detect the gait mode at the early beginning of a new step using the kinematic features namely velocity and position of the wearer’s feet during walking. The proposed gait mode detection approach makes it possible to select appropriate kinematic and kinetic models for each gait mode. Different assistive strategies are developed: partial gravity compensation, virtual-spring/damper based impedance assistance and zero impedance assistance. These strategies are combined differently according to the estimated wearer’s gait mode. To evaluate the proposed control strategies, two lower limb exoskeleton prototypes are developed: a knee joint lower limb exoskeleton, called EICOSI, and a full lower limb exoskeleton, called E-ROWA
Huber, Christophe. "Synthèse et caractérisation de nouveaux matériaux ferroélectriques accordables pour applications hyperfréquences." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00203599.
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