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Wang, Jinhua. "A Wide Input Power Line Energy Harvesting Circuit For Wireless Sensor Nodes." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/103426.
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Massive deployment of wireless IoT (Internet of Things) devices makes replacement or recharge of batteries expensive and impractical for some applications. Energy harvesting is a promising solution, and various designs are proposed to harvest power from ambient resources including thermal, vibrational, solar, wind, and RF sources. Among these ambient resources, AC powerlines are a stable energy source in an urban environment. Many researchers investigated methods to exploit this stable source of energy to power wireless IoT devices.
The proposed circuit aims to harvest energy from AC powerlines with a wide input range of from 10 to 50 A. The proposed system includes a wake-up circuit and is capable of cold-start. A buck-boost converter operating in DCM is adopted for impedance matching, where the impedance is rather independent of the operation conditions. So, the proposed system can be applied to various types of wireless sensor nodes with different internal impedances. Experimental results show that the proposed system achieves an efficiency of 80.99% under the powerline current of 50 A.M.S.
Nowadays, with the magnificent growth of IoT devices, a reliable, and efficient energy supply system becomes more and more important, because, for some applications, battery replacement is very expensive and sometimes even impossible. At this time, a well-designed self-contained energy harvesting system is a good solution. The energy harvesting system can extend the service life of the IoT devices and reduce the frequency of charging or checking the device. In this work, the proposed circuit aims to harvest energy from the AC power lines, and the harvested power intends to power wireless sensor nodes (WSNs). By utilizing the efficient and self-contained EH system, WSNs can be used to monitor the temperature, pressure, noise level and humidity etc. The proposed energy harvesting circuit was implemented with discrete components on a printed circuit board (PCB). Under a power line current of 50 A @ 50 Hz, the proposed energy harvesting circuit can harvest 156.6 mW, with a peak efficiency of 80.99 %.
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Haskou, Abdullah. "Contribution à l'étude des antennes miniatures directives ou large-bande avec des circuits non-Foster." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S043/document.
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Pour faire cohabiter les nombreuses technologies radios, les terminaux mobiles nécessitent une miniaturisation de plus en plus poussée des antennes. Toutefois, les performances d'antennes ont des limites fondamentales liées à leurs dimensions physiques. La littérature met en évidence que les réseaux superdirectifs permettent de dépasser la limite de Harrington sur la directivité et que des antennes adaptées par des circuits non-Foster peuvent dépasser la limite de Bode-Fano sur la bande passante. Les contributions essentielles de ce travail de thèse consistent en la conception deréseaux d'antennes superdirectifs et d'antennes adaptées par des circuits non-Foster comme solutions possibles pour l'amélioration des performances des Antennes Electriquement Petites (AEP). Dans une première partie, un convertisseur d'impédance négative est réalisé pour obtenir des condensateurs de valeurs négatives de façon à adapter des antennes miniatures sur une large bande de fréquence. Dans la deuxième partie de ces travaux, les limites théoriques des réseaux d'antennes superdirectifs sont évaluées et une approche simple et pratique permettant la conception de ces réseaux à partir d'éléments parasites est proposée. L'intégration des AEP superdirectives sur des cartes de circuit imprimé est étudiée et les difficultés de mesure de ce type d'antenne sont évaluées. A partir de ces résultats, une nouvelle stratégie pour réaliser des réseaux compactes 3D ou planaires à polarisation linéaire ou circulaire en utilisant des éléments superdirectifs est présentéeFor supporting different wireless technologies, mobile terminals require significant miniaturization of antennas. However, antennas performance has some fundamental limits related to their physical dimensions. The available theory shows that superdirective arrays can exceed Harrington’s limit on antenna directivity and non-Foter matched antennas can surpass Bode-Fano limit on antenna bandwidth. Therefore, this work focuses on the design of superdirective antenna arrays and non-Foster matched antennas as possible solutions for improving the performance of Electrically Small Antennas (ESAs). In the first part: a Negative Impedance Converter (NIC) is designed to have a very small negative capacitor. The circuit is evaluated in terms of gain, stability and linearity. Then, the circuit is used to match several small antennas in the UHF band. In the second part: the theoretical limits of superdirective antenna arrays are studied. A simple and practical approach to design parasitic antenna arrays is proposed. The integration of superdirective ESAs in Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) is studied and the difficulties of measuring this type of antennasare evaluated. A new strategy for the design of 3D or planar compact arrays, with linear or circular-polarization, using superdirective elements is presented
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Tade, Oluwabunmi O. "Negative impedance converter for antenna matching." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4920/.
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This thesis describes research into Negative Impedance Converters (NIC) for antenna matching. There are many applications that require small wideband antennas, from mobile phones and devices which are being required to cover larger frequency bands to cognitive radios that are expected to operate within any frequency band with minimum reconfiguration. However, fundamental limits on antennas such as the Chu-Harrington and Bode-Fano restricts the bandwidths obtainable from small antennas and antennas matched using conventional Foster reactive elements. However, non-Foster elements realised using NICs have been shown to provide wideband matching of antennas independent of frequency. In this thesis, a non-Foster element is designed based on Linvill’s model. A drawback on NIC is stability therefore a new stability analysis is developed and reported in this thesis which correctly predicts the frequency of oscillation. With the aid of this new stability analysis, a 1.5GHz NIC prototype is developed, operating up to 1.5 GHz. Its performance in terms of noise and linearity are also characterized. Another novel NIC schematic is also introduced in the thesis; it makes use of a single transistor and a pair of coupled lines. Because of its use of a single transistor, stability is less critical and hence it is able to achieve a working frequency of 6GHz. Its performance is compared with the NIC based on Linvill’s model. The coupled line NIC has been integrated with an antenna and this prototype shows the expected wideband performance with good gain. System implications of using NICs within an antenna is discussed.
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Cazzell, Gregory A. "Output Impedance in PWM Buck Converter." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1247006982.
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Cheong, Heng Wan. "Generalized impedance converter (GIC) filter utilizing composite amplifier." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Sep%5FCheong.pdf.
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Zhang, Guidong [Verfasser]. "Impedance networks matching mechanism and design of impedance networks converters / Guidong Zhang." Hagen : Fernuniversität Hagen, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1079393064/34.
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Zhang, Xin. "Impedance control and stability of DC/DC converter systems." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/13951/.
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Cascaded DC/DC converter systems (or 'cascaded systems') have instability problems; i.e., although the subsystems may work well individually, the whole system may be instable due to the impedance interaction among these subsystems. To solve this problem, a family of impedance-based stabilisation methods are proposed in this thesis. First, parallel-virtual-impedance (PVI) and series-virtual-impedance (SVI) control strategies are proposed to stabilise cascaded systems via shaping the load input impedance. Theoretically, the PVI or SVI control strategy connect a virtual impedance in parallel or series with the input port of the load converter so that the magnitude or phase of the load input impedance can bemodified within a very small frequency range. Therefore, with the PVI or SVI control strategy, the cascaded system can be stabilised with minimal compromise of the load performance. Then, based on the PVI and SVI control strategies, adaptive-PVI (APVI) and adaptive-SVI (ASVI) control strategies are proposed by introducing an adaptive mechanism to change the impedance. With the APVI or ASVI control strategy, the load converter can be stably connected to different source converters without changing its internal structure. It is also shown that the ASVI control strategy is better than the APVI control strategy and can make the cascaded system more stable. Moreover, a minimum-ripple-point-tracking (MRPT) controller is proposed and utilised to solve the potential problem of the ASVI control strategy. Finally, a source-side SVI (SSVI) control strategy and a VRLC damper are proposed to stabilise the cascaded system with better source performance or input filter performance, respectively. All the proposed stabilisation and control methods are validated by extensive experimental results.
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Quinalia, Mateus Siqueira. "Modelagem, análise de estabilidade e controle da tensão da malha Z em inversores fonte de impedância." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18153/tde-04022019-091341/.
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O uso crescente de fontes alternativas de energia exige conversores de energia capazes de aumentar sua tensão nos terminais e conectá-los ao sistema de distribuição. Neste contexto, o conversor step-up clássico (conversor de potência CC/CC) e o inversor de fonte de tensão (VSI) são as soluções mais aplicadas para processar o fluxo de energia da fonte para a rede. No entanto, apresentam um baixo rendimento devido ao duplo estágio de conversão, isto é, a energia flui também através dos conversores de energia CC/CC e CC/CA. Para evitar esse tipo de desvantagem, no início da última década, o Z-Source-Inverter (ZSI) foi introduzido. Nesta nova solução, o conversor de energia CC/CC responsável por elevar a tensão nos terminais do conversor foi removido e uma rede de impedância LCLC foi adicionada com duas tarefas, ou seja, aumentar a tensão do terminal e melhorar a eficiência do ZSI. Infelizmente, os trabalhos da literatura não apresentaram um modelo matemático generalizado para apoiar os projetistas de conversores de potência na análise de estabilidade, projeto de controladores ou avaliar o ganho de tensão do conversor. Neste sentido, esta dissertação propõe o desenvolvimento de um modelo matemático completo e a análise de estabilidade da planta. Para suportar todo o desenvolvimento teórico, foi realizado um conjunto de análises no domínio do tempo e da frequência. Por fim, verificou-se o controle da tensão do elo CC para suportar todas as afirmações apresentadas neste trabalho (controle da tensão no capacitor da rede Z).The growing use of alternative energy sources require power converters able to boost their terminal voltage and connect them to the distribution system. In this context, the classical step-up converter (DC/DC power converter) and the voltage source inverter (VSI) are the most applied solutions to process the power flow from the source to the grid. However, they present a low efficient because of the double stage of conversion, i.e. the power flows through the DC/DC and DC/AC power converters as well. To avoid this type of drawback, in the beginning of the last decade the impedance source inverter (ZSI) was introduce. In this new solution, the DC/DC power converter responsible for boosting the voltage at the DC-source terminals was removed and a Z (LCLC-network) was added with two tasks, i.e. boost the DC-source terminal voltage and improve the ZSI efficiency. Unfortunately, the papers in the literature did not present a generalized mathematical model to support designers of power converters in the analysis of stability, design of controllers or evaluate the voltage gain of the converter. In this sense, this thesis proposes the development of a complete mathematical model and the stability analysis of the plant. To support all the theoretical development a set of analysis in the time and frequency-domain was performed. Finally, the control of DC-link voltage was verified to support all the statements presented in this thesis (control on the Z-network voltage capacitance).
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El, Hamoui Mohamad A. "A Pipeline Analog-To-Digital Converter for a Plasma Impedance Probe." DigitalCommons@USU, 2009. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/287.
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Space instrumentation technology is an essential tool for rocket and satellite research, and is expected to become popular in commercial and military operations in fields such as radar, imaging, and communications. These instruments are traditionally implemented on printed circuit boards using discrete general-purpose Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) devices and other components. A large circuit board is not convenient for use in micro-satellite deployments, where the total payload volume is limited to roughly one cubic foot. Because micro-satellites represent a fast growing trend in satellite research and development, there is motivation to explore miniaturized custom application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) designs to reduce the volume and power consumption occupied by instrument electronics. In this thesis, a model of a new Plasma Impedance Probe (PIP) architecture, which utilizes a custom-built ADC along with other analog and digital components, is proposed. The model can be fully integrated to produce a low-power, miniaturized impedance probe.
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Hynek, David. "Přenosný číslicově řízený stabilizovaný zdroj symetrického napětí." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-413121.
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This thesis deals with a design of a power supply for a measuring equipment for a geophysical mapping intended to do a reconstruction of an electrical impedance of a ground environment of water reservoirs. The power source is going to be used for laboratory measurements and for outdoor experiments. The thesis describes the selection of suitable components, equipment design and testing. The theoretical part explains the functions of used components and the principle of an electrical impedance tomography. The conclusion summarizes the properties of the proposed solution and evaluates the final product.
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Mosunmola, Faloye Omolola. "Design and Implementation of A Three-Level Boost converter for Battery Impedance Spectroscopy." Master's thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32664.
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Lithium-ion batteries are the most are widely used as electrical storage device in various applications such as portable electronics, electric vehicles, Photovoltaic application, telecommunication etc due to the characteristics of the batterie such as high-power density, long cycling and high-power efficiency. Extensive condition monitoring of the battery should be implemented due to the usage of the battery so that there will be an increase in all the overall performance and expectancy. This research is focused on implementing an online condition monitoring on the Li-ion battery using a signal injection through a power converter. The implemented technique in this research is known as the Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). The EIS is a widely known technique used in determining the internal impedance of a battery cell. The estimated impedance can be used to determine the state of charge (Soc) and State of health (SoH) of a battery. The EIS is used to characterize the electrochemical behaviour thereby monitoring the change in the impedance of the cell of the battery. The EIS technique is accomplished by sinusoidally injecting current at different frequencies and measuring the voltage response. A standard Frequency Response Analyser (FRA) is used as an offline test while the battery is disconnected from the Load. The limitation of this standard FRA analyser is that it is bulky and Expensive. Attempts have been made to migrate the techniques to online operations, each having their own challenges. For an online Implementation, the interfacing power converter is used for Signal injection to measure the impedance of the battery. This work explores the low current ripple advantage of a threelevel boost converter to implement EIS on lithium ion battery.
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Aleem, Zeeshan. "Improvement in control and gain aspects of impedance source inverters and converters." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30328.
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Power electronics have revolutionized the concept of power control for power conversion and for control of electrical motor drives. Power electronics has been extensively used in industrial applications since it was first discovered in 1902. Power conversion is one of the most important and prominent applications of power electronics. Impedance source networks cover the entire spectrum of electric power conversions from DC-AC (e.g. inverters), to phase and frequency conversion (AC-AC) in a wide range of applications. A wide variety of topologies and control methods using different impedance source networks have been presented in the literature to overcome the limitations and problems of traditional voltage source and current source as well as various classical buck–boost, unidirectional, and bidirectional converter topologies. Proper implementation of the impedance-source network with appropriate switching configurations and topologies reduces the number of power conversion stages in the system power chain, which may improve the reliability and performance of the power system. The main focus of this thesis is to study and analyze different impedance source inverters and their control methods, and the development of improved impedance source power systems that will comprise advanced circuitry and provide higher voltage gains needing less complex systems that together provide more cost-efficient solutions. The systems under considerations would have high frequency electrical isolation and voltage clamping across the DC-link inverter bridge that would resulting in better protection, lower overall system losses, and increased efficiencies. Then parallel techniques will be discussed, analyzed and implemented for the class of impedance source inverters. This parallel operation of ZSIs leads to reduced components stress across the inverter bridges by sharing the currents, interleaving, ease of maintenance, modularity, higher reliability, and (N+1) redundancy. The scope of impedance source networks is not limited to inverters (i.e., DC-AC power conversion), but covers a wide range of electric power conversion applications including (DC-DC and AC-AC converters). Thus, the last part of this research project will include the development of a new class of transformer based impedance source AC-AC converters with novel control strategies to increase the input to output gains and to improve the conglomerate characteristics of the AC-AC converters. Validation of the proposed structures will be done virtually using the Saber, PSIM simulations, and physically using experimental hardware prototypes. Several KW power systems will be fabricated and implemented using a DSP-kit based on the TMS320f28335 processor. Modified modulation schemes will be applied to control the switching of active devices. Furthermore, clamping techniques by minimizing the high frequency loop via clamping diode will be applied to the proposed inverters to limit the voltage overshoots caused by the leakage inductance energy. The better performance of improved impedance source network (with added benefits of HF isolation and parallelization) to design more resilient and efficient converter topology for various applications such as adjustable speed drives, distributed generation systems, super-capacitor energy storage systems, uninterruptable power supply, dc circuit breakers, electric vehicles, avionics, and electronic loads will attract researchers and professional engineers to explore it in depth.
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Kubát, Pavel. "Analogové elektronické emulátory obvodů neceločíselného řádu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-442475.
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Diploma thesis deals with circuits contain fractional-order elements. The first part of this paper deals with this problem, there were also described methods of design fractionalorder elements and types of circuits containing the fractiona-order elements which can be applied in practice. Used active elements for practical part can be found in the second chapter. Design of GIC circuits and implementation of fractional-order element inside the circuit are shown in the last chapture. Parasitic analysis and stability of frequency filter containing fractional-order element had been also described.
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Sadda, AlajaKumari, and Niraja Madavaneri. "A Study of Output Impedance Effects in Current-Steering Digital-to-Analog Converters." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Elektroniksystem, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-87399.
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In this thesis, we have explained the different types of DAC (Digital-to-Analog) architectures and their advantages and disadvantages. We have mainly focused on current-steering digital-to-analog design for achieving high speed and high performance. The current-steering DAC is designed using binary weighted architecture. The benefits of this architecture is that it occupies less area, consumes less power and the number of control signals required are very less. The requirements for high speed and high performance DAC are discussed in detail. The circuit is implemented in a state-of-the-art 65 nm process, with a supply voltage of 1.2 V and at a sampling speed of 2 GHz. The resolution of the DAC is 8-bits. The design of 8-bit current-steering DAC converts 8 most significant bits (MSBs) into their binary weighted equivalent, which controls 256 unit current sources. The performance of the DAC is measured using the static and dynamic parameters. In communication applications the static performance measures such as INL and DNL are not of utmost importance. In this work, we have mainly concentrated on the dynamic performance characteristics like SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio) and SFDR (Spurious Free Dynamic Range). For measuring the dynamic parameters, frequency domain analysis is a better choice. Also, we have discussed how the pole-zero analysis can be used to arrive at the dynamic performance metrics of a unit element of the DAC at higher frequencies. Different methods were discussed here to show the effects of poles and zeroes on the output impedance of a unit element at higher frequencies, for example, by hand calculation, using Mathematica and by using cadence. After extensive literature studies, we have implemented a technique in cadence, to increase the output impedance at higher frequencies. This technique is called as “complimentary current solution technique”. This technique will improve the output impedance and SFDR compared to the normal unit element design. Our technique contains mostly analog building blocks, like, current mirrors, biasing scheme and switching scheme and few digital blocks like D-ff (D-flip flop). The whole system is simulated and verified in MATLAB. Dynamic performances of the DAC such as SNR and SFDR are found with the help of MATLAB.
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Narayanasamy, Balaji. "Impedance Mismatching Based Design of Passive and Active EMI Filters for Power Converters." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1461252861.
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Wong, Yan Chiew. "Impedance matching and DC-DC converter designs for tunable radio frequency based mobile telecommunication systems." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9656.
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Tunability and adaptability for radio frequency (RF) front-ends are highly desirable because they not only enhance functionality and performance but also reduce the circuit size and cost. This thesis presents a number of novel design strategies in DC-DC converters, impedance networks and adaptive algorithms for tunable and adaptable RF based mobile telecommunication systems. Specifically, the studies are divided into three major directions: (a) high voltage switch controller based DC-DC converters for RF switch actuation; (b) impedance network designs for impedance transformation of RF switches; and (c) adaptive algorithms for determining the required impedance states at the RF switches. In the first stage, two-phase step-up switched-capacitor (SC) DC-DC converters are explored. The SC converter has a simple control method and a reduced physical volume. The research investigations started with the linear and the non-linear voltage gain topologies. The non-linear voltage gain topology provides a higher voltage gain in a smaller number of stages compared to the linear voltage gain topology. Amongst the non-linear voltage gain topologies, a Fibonacci SC converter has been identified as having lower losses and a higher conversion ratio compared to other topologies. However, the implementation of a high voltage (HV) gain Fibonacci SC converter is complex due to the requirement of widely different gate voltages for the transistors in the Fibonacci converter. Gate driving strategies have been proposed that only require a few auxiliary transistors in order to provide the required boosted voltages for switching the transistors on and off. This technique reduces the design complexity and increases the reliability of the HV Fibonacci SC converter. For the linear voltage gain topology, a high performance complementary-metaloxide- semiconductor (CMOS) based SC DC-DC converter has been proposed in this work. The HV SC DC-DC converter has been designed in low voltage (LV) transistors technology in order to achieve higher voltage gain. Adaptive biasing circuits have been proposed to eliminate the leakage current, hence avoiding latch-up which normally occurs with low voltage transistors when they are used in a high voltage design. Thus, the SC DC-DC converter achieves more than 25% higher boosted voltage compared to converters that use HV transistors. The proposed design provides a 40% power reduction through the charge recycling circuit that reduces the effect of non-ideality in integrated HV capacitors. Moreover, the SC DC-DC converter achieves a 45% smaller area than the conventional converter through optimising the design parameters. In the second stage, the impedance network designs for transforming the impedance of RF switches to the maximum achievable impedance tuning region are investigated. The maximum achievable tuning region is bounded by the fundamental properties of the selected impedance network topology and by the tunable values of the RF switches that are variable over a limited range. A novel design technique has been proposed in order to achieve the maximum impedance tuning region, through identifying the optimum electrical distance between the RF switches at the impedance network. By varying the electrical distance between the RF switches, high impedance tuning regions are achieved across multi frequency standards. This technique reduces the cost and the insertion loss of an impedance network as the required number of RF switches is reduced. The prototype demonstrates high impedance coverages at LTE (700MHz), GSM (900MHz) and GPS (1575MHz). Integration of a tunable impedance network with an antenna for frequency-agility at the RF front-end has also been discussed in this work. The integrated system enlarges the bandwidth of a patch antenna by four times the original bandwidth and also improves the antenna return loss. The prototype achieves frequency-agility from 700MHz to 3GHz. This work demonstrates that a single transceiver with multi frequency standards can be realised by using a tunable impedance network. In the final stage, improvement to an adaptive algorithm for determining the impedance states at the RF switches has been proposed. The work has resulted in one more novel design techniques which reduce the search time in the algorithm, thus minimising the risk of data loss during the impedance tuning process. The approach reduces the search time by more than an order of magnitude by exploiting the relationships among the mass spring’s coefficient values derived from the impedance network parameters, thereby significantly reducing the convergence time of the algorithm. The algorithm with the proposed technique converges in less than half of the computational time compared to the conventional approach, hence significantly improving the search time of the algorithm. The design strategies proposed in this work contribute towards the realisation of tunable and adaptable RF based mobile telecommunication systems.
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Florez, Lizarraga Martin 1963. "Impact of source impedance on input filter design criteria for a multiple converter power system." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/558170.
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Moore, Sean. "Online condition monitoring of lithium ion batteries by performing impedance spectroscopy using a DC-DC converter." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29186.
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Li-Ion batteries are currently being used extensively in a variety of applications such as portable electronics, electric vehicles and grid storage applications, due to the high demand for high power and high energy density storage batteries. However, the usage of Li-Ion batteries requires extensive condition monitoring to increase overall performance and life expectancy. This research is focused on implementing rapid online condition monitoring techniques, using signal injection via the associated power converter in the battery management system. The technique implemented in this work is known as Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). EIS is a well-known technique, that has been used to characterize an electrochemical cell’s behaviour and state by monitoring changes in the cell's impedance. This is accomplished by injecting currents at different frequencies into the battery and measuring the voltage response. This technique is conventionally implemented, using standard Frequency Response Analysers (FRA), while the battery is disconnected from the load (offline) due to the long procedural times involved. This has limited the use of EIS to laboratory testing. In recent years, there has been literature regarding incorporating EIS testing into the battery system, which is done in mainly 2 ways, by including a linear amplifier into the system to inject the current perturbations directly, or by using the existing circuitry in the BMS (typically the DC-DC converter) to inject the current perturbations using various control techniques. Although, these strategies have been applied in literature for online systems, they are still riddled with a lengthy EIS measurement time issue. This work seeks to significantly reduce the associated testing time with the use broadband signals to implement Impedance Spectroscopy for online systems via the associated BMS converter. Broandband Impedance Spectroscopy (BIS) is implemented by injecting a signal with multiple frequencies concurrently as this allows for quicker measurement. The main contribution of this work is the real-time implementation of a multi-sine broadband excitation via a bi-directional converter that can be used in a varying system. The results obtained were compared to results from an industry standard FRA and showed to produce Nyquist plots with a reasonable error.
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Jayaram, Magathi. "Architecture, Modeling, and Analysis of a Plasma Impedance Probe." DigitalCommons@USU, 2010. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/813.
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Variations in ionospheric plasma density can cause large amplitude and phase changes in the radio waves passing through this region. Ionospheric weather can have detrimental effects on several communication systems, including radars, navigation systems such as the Global Positioning Sytem (GPS), and high-frequency communications. As a result, creating models of the ionospheric density is of paramount interest to scientists working in the field of satellite communication.
Numerous empirical and theoretical models have been developed to study the upper atmosphere climatology and weather. Multiple measurements of plasma density over a region are of marked importance while creating these models. The lack of spatially distributed observations in the upper atmosphere is currently a major limitation in space weather research. A constellation of CubeSat platforms would be ideal to take such distributed measurements. The use of miniaturized instruments that can be accommodated on small satellites, such as CubeSats, would be key to acheiving these science goals for space weather.
The accepted instrumentation techniques for measuring the electron density are the Langmuir probes and the Plasma Impedance Probe (PIP). While Langmuir probes are able to provide higher resolution measurements of relative electron density, the Plasma Impedance Probes provide absolute electron density measurements irrespective of spacecraft charging.
The central goal of this dissertation is to develop an integrated architecture for the PIP that will enable space weather research from CubeSat platforms. The proposed PIP chip integrates all of the major analog and mixed-signal components needed to perform swept-frequency impedance measurements. The design's primary innovation is the integration of matched Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADC) on a single chip for sampling the probes current and voltage signals. A Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is performed by an off-chip Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) to compute the probes impedance. This provides a robust solution for determining the plasma impedance accurately.
The major analog errors and parametric variations affecting the PIP instrument and its effect on the accuracy and precision of the impedance measurement are also studied. The system clock is optimized in order to have a high performance ADC. In this research, an alternative clock generation scheme using C-elements is described to reduce the timing jitter and reference spurs in phase locked loops. While the jitter performance and reference spur reduction is comparable with prior state-of-the-art work, the proposed Phase Locked Loop (PLL) consumes less power with smaller area than previous designs.
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Xu, Ling. "Modeling, Analysis and Control of Voltage-Source Converter in Microgrids and HVDC." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4967.
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The objective of this dissertation is to carry out dynamic modeling, analysis and control for Voltage-Source Converters (VSC). Two major applications of VSC will be investigated in this dissertation: microgrid application and High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) application.
In microgrid applications, VSC is used to integrate distributed energy sources such as battery and provide system functions: such as real and reactive power regulation, voltage and frequency support during islanding condition, and abnormal system condition mitigation. In HVDC applications, VSC is used to interconnect dc systems with ac systems. The functions supplied by VSC are similar to that in microgrids. However, the transfer capability and stability in such kind of system are of major interests.
Therefore, Part I of this dissertation focuses on VSC's applications in microgrids. A battery's inverter can be operated in both grid-connected PQ regulation mode and voltage and frequency support mode during islanding condition. Transition scheme between these two control modes is firstly investigated to guarantee a smooth dynamic performance. Secondly, a coordinated control strategy between battery's and PV station's VSCs is developed to improve microgrid's power flow. Thirdly, power quality improvement through the battery's inverter is investigated. VSC's control and capability for microgrid operation at normal, transient, and abnormal conditions will be modeled and analyzed.
Part II of this dissertation focuses on VSC's applications in HVDC. The following topics are investigated in this dissertation: (i) how to design VSC-HVDC's controller using system identification method? (ii) How to coordinate VSCs in multi-terminal HVDC scenarios? And (iii) how to determine VSC-HVDC system's transfer capability based on stability limits? High-fidelity simulation technology is employed to tackle control validation while frequency domain impedance modeling technique is employed to develop analytical models for the systems. With linear system analysis tools such as Nyquist plots and Bode plots, stability limits and impacting factors of VSC-HVDC systems can be identified.
This dissertation led to four journal papers (two accepted, one request of revision, one to submit) and five conference papers. The major contributions of this dissertation include:
1) Developed VSC and microgrid models in high-fidelity simulation environment. Developed and validated VSC control schemes for variety of microgrid operations: normal, abnormal, and transient. The developed technologies can facilitate a battery to make up solar power, improve system dynamic performance during transients, and improve power quality.
2) Developed VSC-HVDC simulation models, including two-terminal HVDC and multi-terminal HVDC. Developed VSC-HVDC control schemes for two-terminal and multi-terminal systems. Developed analytical impedance models for VSC-HVDC systems and successfully carried out stability limit identification.
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Roth, George J. "Stability Analysis of a Constant Power Load Serviced by a Buck Converter as the Source Impedance Varies." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/17451.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedAs the NAVY moves forward with plans to become less dependent on fossil fuels and more dependent on hybrid electric drives and all-electric ships, being aware of the stability issues associated with direct current (DC)-DC and DC-alternating current (AC) power converters and understanding how to solve the issues that come with using them, are very important. The negative input impedance that is observed when using a buck converter servicing a constant power load (CPL) is one of the issues that needs to be understood. Understanding the stability issue caused by the negative input impedance and mitigating this instability by varying the input source impedance is the focus of this thesis. Using a Simulink model of an ideal CPL, we determined the expected results. Then, the Simulink results were compared to the analysis of the linearized small signal transfer function to determine how well the results of the two matched. Finally, the hardware model was observed and its results compared to the Simulink model and linearized small signal transfer function. These experiments led to the conclusion that increasing the capacitance or decreasing the inductance reduces the input source impedance and, ultimately, reduces instability in the system.
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Shah, Shahil. "Small and Large Signal Impedance Modeling for Stability Analysis of Grid-connected Voltage Source Converters." Thesis, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10786614.
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Interactions between grid-connected converters and the networks at their terminals have resulted in stability and resonance problems in converter-based power systems, particularly in applications ranging from wind and PV farms to electric traction and HVDC transmission networks. Impedance-based modeling and analysis methods have found wide acceptance for the evaluation of these resonance problems.
This thesis presents small and large signal impedance modeling of grid-connected single and three phase voltage source converters (VSC) to enable the analysis of resonance conditions involving multiple frequency components, and both the ac and dc power systems at the VSC terminals. A modular impedance modeling approach is proposed by defining the VSC impedance as transfer matrix, which captures the frequency cross-coupling effects and also the coupling between the ac and dc power systems interfaced by the VSC. Ac and dc impedance models are developed for a VSC including the reflection of the network on the other side of the VSC. Signal-flow graphs for linear time-periodic (LTP) systems are proposed to streamline and visually describe the linearization of grid-connected converters including the frequency cross-coupling effects. Relationships between the impedance modeling in dq, sequence, and phasor domains are also developed. The phasor-domain impedance formulation links the impedance methods with the phasor-based state-space modeling approach generally used for bulk power systems. A large-signal impedance based method is developed for predicting the amplitude or severity of resonance under different grid conditions. The small-signal harmonic linearization method is extended for the large-signal impedance modeling of grid-connected converters. It is shown that the large-signal impedance of a converter is predominantly shaped by hard nonlinearities in the converter control system such as PWM saturation and limiters.
This thesis also deals with the problem of synchronizing a generator or microgrid with another power system. A VSC-based synchronizer is proposed for active phase synchronization and a distributed synchronization method is developed for microgrids.
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Jemelík, Lukáš. "Návrh měřících struktur pro obvody s diferenčními signály." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218873.
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This master´s thesis deals about a measuring structures of elements working at a current mode. There were outlined structures for measuring input and output impedance. These structures were simulated for DACA element. It deals with a voltage to current and current to voltage converters. All structures and converters were simulated at computer program PSpice. Selected variant were practically verified and control measuring was realized.
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Jaksic, Marko Dragoljub. "Identification of small-signal dq impedances of power electronics converters via single-phase wide-bandwidth injection." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51222.
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AC and DC impedances of switching power converters are used for the stability analysis of modern power electronics systems at three-phase AC and single-phase DC interfaces. Therefore, a small-signal characterization algorithm for switching power converter, which is based on FFT, will be presented and explained. The presented extraction algorithm is general and can be used to obtain other small-signal transfer functions of arbitrary power converter switching simulation models. Furthermore, FFT algorithm is improved by using cross power spectral density functions for identification, resulting in an algorithm, which is more noise immune. Both small-signal identification algorithms are validated in simulations, and CPSD algorithm is used in experimental measurement procedure. Several wide bandwidth injection signals, among which are chirp, multi-tone, pulse and white noise, are compared and theoretically analyzed. Several hardware examples are included in the analysis.
The second part of the dissertation will focus on the modeling of small-signal input dq admittance of multi-pulse diode rectifiers, providing comparison between well-known averaged value models (AVMs), parametric averaged value models (PAVM), the switching simulation model and hardware measurements. Analytical expressions for all four admittances present in the dq matrix are derived and analyzed in depth, revealing the accuracy range of the averaged models. Furthermore, a hardware set-up is built, measured and modeled, showing that the switching simulation model captures nonlinear sideband effects accurately. In the end, a multi-pulse diode rectifier feeding a constant power load is analyzed with modified AVM and through detailed simulations of switching model, proving effectiveness of the proposed modifications.
The third part describes implementation and design of a single-phase multi-level single-phase shunt current injection converter based on cascaded H-bridge topology. Special attention is given toward the selection of inductors and capacitors, trying to optimize the selected component values and fully utilize operating range of the converter. The proposed control is extensively treated, including inner current, outer voltage loop and voltage balancing loops. The designed converter is constructed and integrated with measurement system, providing experimental verification. The proposed multi-level single-phase converter is a natural solution for single-phase shunt current injection with the following properties: modular design, capacitor energy distribution, reactive element minimization, higher equivalent switching frequency, capability to inject higher frequency signals, suitable to perturb higher voltage power systems and capable of generating cleaner injection signals.
Finally, a modular interleaved single-phase series voltage injection converter, consisting of multiple paralleled H-bridges is designed and presented. The decoupling control is proposed to regulate ac injection voltage, providing robust and reliable strategy for series voltage injection. The designed converter is simulated using detailed switching simulation model and excellent agreement between theory and simulation results are obtained. The presented control analysis treats different loads, examining robustness of the circuit to load variations. Simulation model and hardware prototype results verify the effectiveness of the proposed wide-bandwidth identification of small-signal dq impedances via single-phase injections.Ph. D.
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Kong, Na. "Low-power Power Management Circuit Design for Small Scale Energy Harvesting Using Piezoelectric Cantilevers." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77074.
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The batteries used to power wireless sensor nodes have become a major roadblock for the wide deployment. Harvesting energy from mechanical vibrations using piezoelectric cantilevers provides possible means to recharge the batteries or eliminate them. Raw power harvested from ambient sources should be conditioned and regulated to a desired voltage level before its application to electronic devices. The efficiency and self-powered operation of a power conditioning and management circuit is a key design issue.
In this research, we investigate the characteristics of piezoelectric cantilevers and requirements of power conditioning and management circuits. A two-stage conditioning circuit with a rectifier and a DC-DC converter is proposed to match the source impedance dynamically. Several low-power design methods are proposed to reduce power consumption of the circuit including: (i) use of a discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) flyback converter, (ii) constant on-time modulation, and (iii) control of the clock frequency of a microcontroller unit (MCU). The DCM flyback converter behaves as a lossless resistor to match the source impedance for maximum power point tracking (MPPT). The constant on-time modulation lowers the clock frequency of the MCU by more than an order of magnitude, which reduces dynamic power dissipation of the MCU. MPPT is executed by the MCU at intermittent time interval to save power. Experimental results indicate that the proposed system harvests up to 8.4 mW of power under 0.5-g base acceleration using four parallel piezoelectric cantilevers and achieves 72 percent power efficiency. Sources of power losses in the system are analyzed. The diode and the controller (specifically the MCU) are the two major sources for the power loss.
In order to further improve the power efficiency, the power conditioning circuit is implemented in a monolithic IC using 0.18-μm CMOS process. Synchronous rectifiers instead of diodes are used to reduce the conduction loss. A mixed-signal control circuit is adopted to replace the MCU to realize the MPPT function. Simulation and experimental results verify the DCM operation of the power stage and function of the MPPT circuit. The power consumption of the mixed-signal control circuit is reduced to 16 percent of that of the MCU.Ph. D.
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Kathi, Lokesh. "Steady-State Analysis of PWM Z-Bridge Source DC-DC Converter." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1453223069.
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Ayachit, Agasthya. "Steady-State and Small-Signal Modeling of A-Source Converter." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1534187954423628.
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Lotfalizadeh, Behnood. "Modeling and Simulation of a Three-phase AC-DC Converter where the Impedances of the Feeding Lines are considered." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för fysik och elektroteknik (IFE), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-32328.
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This thesis comprises modeling and simulation of an AC-DC converter (Battery charger). An AC-DC converter may cause a high frequency distortion in the electrical power network or augment the existing distortion caused by other devices connected to the network. The goal is to design a controller for suppressing this noise at a reasonable level. We hope the thesis can be considered as a step forward to solve the original problem. One needs an accurate model of the AC-DC converter, to design such a controller. This study tries to clarify the effects of theline inductance on the performance of the converter by modeling and simulating the converter during the commutation time. The idea is to model and simulate the converter for two different conditions; first in the Normal condition by neglecting the effect of line impedance, second in the Commutation condition by considering the effect of the line impedance on commutation of the diodes. One can perform a complete simulation of the converter with combining these two models. The thesis deals with AC-DC converters, Hamiltonian-port modeling, simulation and MATLAB programming using the functionality of the S-function and SIMULINK.
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Jimenez, Saldana Cristhian Carim. "Large Scale Analysis of Massive Deployment of Converter-based Generation equipped with Grid- forming Strategies." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-292690.
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To mitigate the carbon footprint and the need to fulfil the energy goals in terms of sustainability, it is required to deploy a large integration of green energies. Therefore, in the previous and the coming years, there will be a high research and technological interest in the high penetration of converter-based generation. With the replacement and integration of power converters into the bulk power grid, new challenges and issues must be faced to maintain the system´s stability and reliability in terms of procedures for the transmission system operators. The main objective of this thesis project is to analyze and to implement the current- limiting techniques implemented in voltage source converters, which are equipped with grid-forming functionalities so that these electronic devices are safeguarded during a severe transient event as three-phase short-circuit and remain connected to the grid during the fault scenario. The model of the voltage source converter with grid-forming strategies is described as well as the grid-forming strategies (droop control, virtual synchronous machine (VSM) and dispatchable virtual oscillator control (dVOC)) utilized in the outer loop. The low-inertia and zero-inertia system in the IEEE 9-Bus test system were exhibited to be resilient towards 3-phase fault events, and their behavior shows neither significant oscillations during and after the incident of the fault nor noticeable difference in their performance regarding the location. In this test system model, the current-limiting techniques were validated and analyzed results display good effectiveness for the current and frequency. The Hydro-Québec network model was employed to have a more practical approach in the behavior of the current limitation strategies in the power converters in a real power system. The fault location and the percentage of participation of the voltage source converters in the energy generation were the two main scenarios, in which the proposed control strategies for restricting the current work but simultaneously, it is required an appropriate control to keep the system´s stability.För att minska koldioxidutsläppet och uppnå energimålen med avseende på hållbarhet krävs integrering av hållbara energikällor. Därmed, under de föregående och kommande åren kommer stort fokus riktas mot forskning kring ökad penetration av kraftelektronikomriktare i kraftsystemet. När kraftelektronikomriktare ersätter traditionella generationsenheter uppkommer nya utmaningar och problem som behöver lösas för att upprätthålla systemets stabilitet och pålitlighet med avseende på tillvägagångssätt för systemansvariga för överföringssystemet. Avhandlingens huvudmål är att analysera och implementera strömbegränsande metoder för kraftelektronikomriktare av typen voltage source converters med en nätformande (”grid- forming”) funktionalitet. Strömbegränsaren ska säkerställa att kraftelektronikomriktaren skyddas under allvarliga transienta händelser och att kraftelektronikomriktaren förblir ansluten till nätet under händelsen. Modellen av kraftelektronikomriktaren med nätformande egenskaper är beskrivna tillsammans med nätformande kontrollstrategier, virtuella synkronmaskniner (VSM) och användande av avsändande virtuell oscillerande kontroll i den yttre slingan. Den låga trögheten och noll-tröghetssystemet i IEEE 9-Bus test-system visade sig vara motståndskraftig mot trefasfel eftersom testsystemets beteende visade varken signifikanta oscillationer under och efter felet eller märkbar förändring i dess prestanda beroende på var felet inträffade. I denna testsystemsmodell var strömbegränsande tekniker validerade och de analyserande resultaten visade på god effektivitet för strömmen och för frekvensen. Hydro-Québec nätverks-modellen användes för att få en mer praktisk inriktning med hänsyn till beteendet hos strömbegränsarna där olika strategier har använts. Felpositionen och andelen av kraftelektronikomriktare i energigenereringen var två huvudsakliga scenarion, där de föreslagna kontrollstrategierna för att begränsa strömmen fungerade men kräver samtidigt att en lämplig kontroll för att behålla systemets stabilitet.
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Danekar, Abhishek V. "Analysis and Design of High-Frequency Soft-Switching DC-DC Converter for Wireless Power Charging Applications." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1493990400812363.
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Schaufuß, Jörg. "Energieversorgung autarker Sensorsysteme im industriellen Umfeld durch kinetische Energiewandler mit Schwerpunkt auf dem elektrostatischen Wandlerprinzip." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-129344.
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In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Entwicklung eines kinetischen Energy Harvesters vorgestellt, der auf Grundlage des elektrostatischen Wandlerprinzips aus Vibrationen elektrische Energie generiert. Für die Umsetzung wurde eine Siliziummikrostruktur entworfen, die für Arbeitsfrequenzen unter 100 Hz ausgelegt ist. Die Zahnstruktur der verwendeten Elektroden ermöglicht Spaltabstände im Submikrometerbereich und folglich große Kapazitätsänderungen, die durch die Elektrodengeometrie zusätzlich mit einer höheren Frequenz als die mechanische Bewegung stattfinden. Vergleichsweise große Leistungsausbeuten und geringe Quellimpedanzen sind dadurch erreichbar. Die geometrischen Parameter der Elektroden wurden unter Berücksichtigung der auftretenden Fertigungstoleranzen und Wechselwirkungen zueinander optimiert. Für die Ausnutzung einer ausreichend großen Inertialmasse wurde ein feinwerktechnisch hergestellter Hebelmechanismus an die Mikrostruktur angekoppelt. Über diesen wird zusätzlich ein neuer Ansatz zur Abstimmung der Eigenfrequenz des Harvesters umgesetzt. Experimentelle Untersuchungen zeigten Ausgangsleistungen im einstelligen Mikrowattbereich bei Anregungen im Zehntel m/s²-Bereich. Durch fortschreitende Optimierungen der Fertigungstechnologie sind noch deutliche Leistungssteigerungen um mindestens zwei Größenordnungen möglich. Weiterhin wird ein Energiemanagementsystem vorgestellt, welches die effiziente Übertragung der Energie auf den Verbraucher ermöglichtIn this work the development of a kinetic energy harvester using the electrostatic conversion principle is presented. The silicon microstructure is designed to work in frequency ranges below 100Hz. Its toothed electrode structure enables gap distances in the sub micrometer range and consequently high changes of capacitance. Additionally, due to the electrode geometry the frequency of the capacitance changes is higher then the frequency of the mechanical movement. Thus high power outputs and low source impedances can be reached. The electrodes geometric parameters were optimized considering manufacturing tolerances and interactions of the parameters. To reach a sufficient inertial mass, a lever mechanism manufactured by precision engineering was connected to the microstructure. This mechanism also allows the implementation of a new method of frequency tuning. In experimental tests power outputs in the single digit microwatt range under excitations of 0.3 m/s² were reached. In accordance of further optimizations of the manufacturing technology significantly higher outputs, by at least two orders of magnitude, are possible,. Furthermore an energy management system is presented, that allows the efficient transfer of the electrical energy to the consumer
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Moretti, Rhafael de Souza. "Estudo e implementação de um conversor CC-CC-baseado no inversor z-sourge-alimentado por células a combustível." Florianópolis, SC, 2007. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/90783.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica.Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-23T15:14:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 243188.pdf: 2050467 bytes, checksum: 5efe86fc3caf35740fa402fcb4850ce9 (MD5)
Este trabalho visa a análise e a implementação prática de um conversor CC-CC elevador de tensão, baseado na topologia do inversor Z-Source, e o estudo de seu comportamento, ao ser alimentado por uma Célula a Combustível. Primeiramente, foram abordados os conceitos e os princípios de funcionamento das Células a Combustível, juntamente com suas características elétricas, estáticas e dinâmicas, de forma a auxiliar na compreensão de seu funcionamento. Em seguida, procedeu-se à compreensão da topologia do conversor CC-CC; suas etapas de operação, equacionamentos, características externas e dimensionamento dos elementos passivos e esforços nos componentes. A modelagem dinâmica foi realizada, tendo sido proposta uma estrutura de controle em malha fechada. O projeto e o controle do conversor incluíram o dimensionamento dos elementos e a realização dos cálculos do filtro para a Célula a Combustível. Por fim, são apresentados os resultados de simulação do sistema completo e em seguida os resultados dos ensaios de laboratório obtidos com a implementação prática do protótipo.
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Lin, Qing. "Small-Signal Modeling and Stability Specification of a Hybrid Propulsion System for Aircrafts." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/103515.
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This work utilizes the small-signal impedance-based stability analysis method to develop stability assessment criteria for a single-aisle turboelectric aircraft with aft boundary-layer propulsion (STARC-ABL) system. The impedance-based stability analysis method outperforms other stability analysis methods because it does not require detailed information of individual components for system integration, therefore, a system integrator can just require the vendors to make the individual components meet the impedance specifications to ensure whole system stability. This thesis presents models of a generator, motor, housekeeping loads, and battery all with power electronics interface which form an onboard electrical system and analyzes the relationship between the impedance shape of each component and their physical design and control loop design. Based on the developed small-signal model of the turbine-generator-rectifier subsystem and load subsystem, this thesis analyzes the impact of electromechanical dynamics of the turbofan passed through the generator on the dc distribution system, concluding that the rectifier can mitigate the impact. Finally, to ensure the studied system stable operation during the whole flying profile, the thesis provides impedance specifications of the dc distribution system and verifies the specifications with several cases in time-domain simulations.M.S.
Electric aircraft propulsion (EAP) technologies have been a trend in the aviation industry for their potential to reduce environmental emissions, increase fuel efficiency and reduce noise for commercial airplanes. Achieving these benefits would be a vital step towards environmental sustainability. However, the development of all-electric aircraft is still limited by the current battery technologies and maintenance systems. The single-aisle turboelectric aircraft with aft boundary-layer (STARC-ABL) propulsion concept is therefore developed by NASA aiming to bridge the gap between the current jet fuel-powered aircraft and future all-electric vehicles. The plane uses electric motors powered by onboard gas turbines and transfers the generated power to other locations of the airplane like the tail fan motor to provide distributed propulsion. Power electronics-based converter converts electricity in one form of electricity to another form, for example, from ac voltage to dc voltage. This conversion of power is very important in the whole society, from small onboard chips to Mega Watts level electrical power system. In the aircraft electrical power system context, power electronics converter plays an important role in the power transfer process especially with the recent trend of using high voltage dc (HVDC) distribution instead of conventional ac distribution for the advantage of increased efficiency and better voltage regulation. The power generated by the electric motors is in ac form. Power electronics converter is used to convert the ac power into dc power and transfer it to the dc bus. Because the power to drive the electric motor to provide distributed propulsion is also in ac form, the dc power needs to be converted back into ac power still through a power electronics converter. With a high penetration of power electronics into the onboard electrical power system and the increase of electrical power level, potential stability issues resulted from the interactions of each subsystem need to be paid attention to. There are mainly two stability-related studies conducted in this work. One is the potential cross-domain dynamic interaction between the mechanical system and the electrical system. The other is a design-oriented study to provide sufficient stability margin in the design process to ensure the electrical system’s stable operation during the whole flying profile. The methodology used in this thesis is the impedance-based stability analysis. The main analyzing process is to find an interface of interest first, then grouped each subsystem into a source subsystem and load subsystem, then extract the source impedance and load impedance respectively, and eventually using the Nyquist Criterion (or in bode plot form) to assess the stability with the impedance modeling results. The two stability-related issues mentioned above are then studied by performing impedance analysis of the system. For the electromechanical dynamics interaction study, this thesis mainly studies the rotor dynamics’ impact on the output impedance of the turbine-generator-rectifier system to assess the mechanical dynamics’ impact on the stability condition of the electrical system. It is found that the rotor dynamics of the turbine is masked by the rectifier; therefore, it does not cause stability problem to the pre-tuned system. For the design-oriented study, this thesis mainly explores and provides the impedance shaping guidelines of each subsystem to ensure the whole system's stable operation. It is found that the stability boundary case is at rated power level, the generator voltage loop bandwidth is expected to be higher than 300Hz, 60˚ to achieve a 6dB, 45˚ stability margin, and load impedance mainly depends on the motor-converter impedance.
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Sadli, Idris. "Modélisation par impédance d'une pile à combustible PEM pour utilisation en électronique de puissance." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INPL091N/document.
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Cette thèse s’intéresse à la modélisation dynamique d’une pile à combustible (PàC) PEM en vue de son utilisation en électronique de puissance. Un modèle statique basé sur une expression de la tension en fonction du courant débité est tout d’abord présenté. Le modèle dynamique est élaboré ensuite. Il est montré que l’impédance électrochimique de diffusion-convection (Zd) s’apparente à une ligne de transmission de type RC. Une discrétisation en un nombre fini d’éléments a été effectuée. Afin d’obtenir un modèle simple, deux branches RC différentes sont considérées pour l’impédance Zd auxquelles sont ajoutées la capacité de double couche, les résistances de transfert et de la membrane. Ce modèle est validé sur deux PàC de 500 W et 5 kW sur une gamme de fréquence 5 mHz à 2 kHz, lors d’échelons de courant et lors du débit sur un hacheur élévateur. Il est montré que l’utilisation du découpage haute fréquence du convertisseur permet un diagnostic de l’état d’humidification de la membraneThis thesis deals with dynamic modelling of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) with a view to integrate it into power electronics environment. Firstly a static model based on an expression that links current and voltage is presented. The dynamic model is then obtained. It is shown that the electrochemical diffusion-convection impedance (Zd) is similar to a RC transmission line. A discretization on a short number of elements is carried out. In order to obtain a simple model, two different RC branches for Zd impedance, a double layer capacitor, a transfer resistance, and a membrane resistance are considered. This modelling is validated on two 500 W and 5 kW PEMFC, for frequencies varying from 5 mHz to 2 kHz. The model is validated for both fuel cells during current step responses and operation with a boost converter. In this case it is shown how the high frequency switching of the converter can be used to obtain a diagnostic on the humidification state of the membrane
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Straka, Petr. "Ultrazvukový drtič konkrementů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219202.
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This thesis is focused on the methodes of crushing kidney’s concrements with continual wave for the frequency 27 kHz and the intensity of ultrasound 10 W/cm2. The main aim is design of the ultrasound head with layer converter and design circuitry. First part of this work describes physical principle of ultrasound, ultrasound waves and methods by which could be remove kidney’s concretions. Practical part of this work is focused on compreshive design of ultrasound crushing system. In the introdiction is analyzed the proposal of applicator and the next step decscribing proposal excitation generator. The work contains results of simulation which was done on proposal curcuit, drawings of scheme, list of components and drawing of PCB.
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Wang, Hanqing. "Design and control of a 6-phase Interleaved Boost Converter based on SiC semiconductors with EIS functionality for Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCA009/document.
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Cette thèse traite l’étude et le contrôle d’un hacheur élévateur à 6 phases entrelacées basé sur des semi-conducteurs en carbure de silicium (SiC) et des inductances couplées inverses pour véhicules électriques à pile à combustible (FCEV). . L'ondulation du courant dans la pile est combustible est considérablement réduite et la durée de vie de celle-ci peut être prolongée. Les semi-conducteurs en SiC, en raison de leurs faibles pertes, permettent de meilleures performances thermiques et une fréquence de commutation plus élevée. Les volumes des composants passifs (inductances et condensateurs) sont ainsi réduits. Grâce aux inductances à couplage inverse, les pertes du noyau magnétique et du bobinage sont réduites.La stratégie de contrôle par mode glissant est développée en raison de sa grande robustesse face aux variations de paramètres. La fonctionnalité de détection en ligne de spectroscopie d'impédance électrochimique (SIE) est intégrée avec succès à l’algorithme de contrôle par mode glissant.La validation HIL (Hardware In the Loop) en temps réel du convertisseur proposé est obtenue en implémentant la partie puissance dans le FPGA et la partie commande dans le microprocesseur du système de prototypage MicroLabBox de dSPACE. La comparaison entre la simulation hors ligne et la validation HIL a démontré le comportement dynamique du convertisseur proposé et validé la mise en œuvre du contrôle dans un contrôleur en temps réel avant de futurs tests sur un banc d'essai expérimental à échelle réduiteThe objective of this thesis work is devoted to the design and control of a DC/DC boost converter for Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV) application. A 6-phase Interleaved Boost Converter (IBC) based on Silicon Carbide (SiC) semiconductors and inversed coupled inductors of cyclic cascade structure is proposed. The input current ripple is reduced significantly and the lifespan of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) can be extended. Low power losses, good thermal performance and high switching frequency have been gained by the selected SiC-based semiconductors. The volumes of passive components (inductors and capacitors) are reduced. Thanks to the inverse coupled inductors, the core losses and copper losses are decreased and the compact magnetic component is achieved.Sliding-Mode Control (SMC) strategy is developed due to its high robust to parameter variations. on-line Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) detection functionality is successfully integrated with SMC. No additional equipment and sensor is required.The real-time Hardwar In the Loop (HIL) validation of the proposed converter is achieved by implement the power part into the FPGA and the control into the microprocessor in the MicroLabBox prototyping system from dSPACE. The comparison between off-line simulation and HIL validation demonstrated the dynamic behavior of the proposed converter and validated the implementation of the control into a real time controller before future tests on experimental test bench
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Montanari, Tommaso. "Sensore e interfacce per la misura di conducibilita con impedenza elettrica." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/9304/.
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Gli oceani coprono quasi il 75% della superficie della terra ed esercitano una grande influenza sulla vita di tutte le specie viventi e sull’evoluzione del clima a livello planetario. I repentini cambiamenti climatici hanno reso sempre piú importante studiarne i comportamenti.
L’analisi della salinitá degli oceani é estremamente importante per gli studi sull’ambiente marino; puó essere usata per tracciare le masse d’acqua, descrivendone i flussi e svelandone la correlazione con i processi climatici, puó essere di aiuto ai biologi per studiare gli organismi marini e costituisce un parametro fondamentale per una vasta gamma di sensori.
Un sistema autonomo che misuri conducibilitá e temperatura é il primo strumento per determinare la salinitá dell’acqua, sul mercato sono presenti sí numerosi sensori a elevata accuratezza ma necessitano di ingombranti strumenti di laboratorio per funzionare. Sistemi di ridotte dimensioni non sono invece altrettanto accurati ed affidabili.
Questa tesi mira a sviluppare un'interfaccia che permetta di analizzare conducibilitá e temperatura con un elevato livello di accuratezza. Particolare attenzione sará posta all’elaborazione delle misure effettuate e alla caratterizzazione degli errori e dell’accuratezza del sistema. Partendo da queste basi in futuro si potrá creare un sistema autonomo a bassissima potenza, alimentato da batterie, che, basandosi sull’iterazione fra il chip impedenziometrico e il PIC, permetta di fare misure per un ciclo di vita di qualche anno.
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Nguyen, Tam Khanh Tu. "Evaluation of Active Capacitor Banks for Floating H-bridge Power Modules." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104466.
Full textAbstract:
The DC-side floating capacitors in the floating power modules of power converters are
subject to high voltage fluctuation, due to the presence of reactive harmonic components.
Utilizing passive capacitors, as done in traditional methods, helps reduce the DC-bus voltage
ripple but makes the system bulky. An active capacitor can be integrated with the floating
H-bridge power modules to remove the effect of the ripple powers on the DC bus. The
auxiliary circuit, which is much smaller in size compared to an equivalent passive capacitor,
helps increase the power density of the system. This work focuses on the analysis of power
components, and the extension of the active capacitor to the Perturbation Injection Unit
(PIU), in which the DC side is highly distorted by multiple harmonic components. A control
scheme is proposed to compensate for these multiple harmonics and balance the DC-link
voltage in the active capacitor. Also, an equivalent DC-bus impedance model is introduced,
which is more accurate than that in existing works. Simulation studies and evaluation of the
design have verified the effectiveness of the active capacitor solution.Single-phase power converters have been widely used in many applications such as electric vehicles, photovoltaic (PV) systems, and grid integration. Due to their popular application, there is a need to reduce the sizes and volumes while still maintaining good performances of the systems. One of the most effective methods, which is a subject in many research works, is to replace the bulky passive capacitor bank in a system by an active capacitor. The active capacitor is designed to absorb the ripple components in the DC side of the converters, which results in a constant DC-link voltage. In comparison to the passive capacitor solution, the active capacitor is much smaller in size but can give a better DC-bus ripple performance. Therefore, the active capacitor has become an attractive solution for the single-phase converters. The active capacitor for the traditional rectifier, where the DC side is directly connected to a load, has been intensively investigated in the past decade. However, there is limited research regarding the active capacitor for rectifiers with floating H-bridge power modules. This work extends the application of the active capacitor to the Perturbation Injection Unit (PIU), which is a grid-connected single-phase rectifier with floating H-bridge power modules. The selection of a suitable active capacitor for the PIU is based on the evaluation of various active capacitor banks. Limits in existing control schemes, which prevent the extension of the active capacitor to the PIU, are thoroughly studied. An effective voltage-mode control scheme is then proposed for the selected active capacitor, which makes it an attractive solution for the PIU. Moreover, limits of the DC-bus impedance analysis using traditional assumptions in existing works are investigated, and an improved DC-bus impedance model is proposed. Based on the operation conditions of the PIU and the proposed impedance model, the active capacitor's components can be properly designed, and improved configurations in terms of the equivalent impedance can be analyzed. Simulation results, as well as the design and evaluation of the active capacitor, demonstrate great improvements in terms of volume and weight over the traditional passive capacitor bank.
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Prates, Mauro de Oliveira. "Processamento de sinais para caracterização de conversores eletrônicos e impedância da rede elétrica." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2014. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/4099.
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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Neste trabalho, são apresentados e discutidos métodos que realizam levantamento de características do Sistema Elétrico de Potência (SEP) pela imposição de perturbações controladas. As características obtidas são a caracterização de conversores eletrônicos e impedância harmônica, impostas por afundamentos instantâneos de tensão e por wavelets, respectivamente. Em ambos os casos, utiliza-se a SWRDFT (do inglês, Sliding Window Recursive Discrete Fourier Transform). Assim, no primeiro momento são aplicados afundamentos de tensão para análise dos harmônicos variantes no tempo da corrente, em sistemas compostos por conversores eletrônicos. Já no segundo caso, é realizada a medição de impedância harmônica por meio da injeção de formas de onda wavelet. Para isso, utiliza-se a Wavelet Morlet Modificada (WMM), injetada de forma sequencial no SEP em diversas frequências. A SWRDFT é então utilizada para extrair as componentes harmônicas da tensão e corrente, obtendo-se assim a impedância harmônica do ponto de medição desejado. Este método foi testado em vários sistemas elétricos de diferentes níveis de complexidade e os resultados foram comparados com o obtido pelo bloco medidor de impedância do Simulink ®. Os resultados alcançados nos dois casos citados podem ser considerados satisfatórios para os propósitos a que se referem, fornecendo características importantes em um SEP.
In this work, two methods based on the injection of controlled disturbances are proposed in order to evaluate characteristics of the Electrical Power System (EPS). The proposed methods perform the characterization of electronic converters and harmonic impedance measurements by the imposition of voltage sags and wavelets, respectively. In both cases, SWRDFT (Sliding Window Recursive Discrete Fourier Transform) is used. Thus, in the first method, voltages sags are applied to electrical systems composed by electronics converters and the time varying harmonic content of current is analyzed. In the second method, the measurement of harmonic impedance by current by injecting forms of wavelet wave is performed. For this, the Modified Morlet Wavelet (MMW) is used and is sequentially injected in the EPS with different frequencies. The SWRDFT is then used to extract the harmonic components of the voltage and current and then, the harmonic impedance of the desired point of measurement can be calculated. The proposed method was tested on various electrical systems with different levels of complexity and the results are compared with the value obtained by the impedance meter Simulink ®. The results achieved by the proposed methods can be considered satisfactory, providing important technical features of the Electric Power System.
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Miri, Lavasani Seyed Hossein. "Design and phase-noise modeling of temperature-compensated high frequency MEMS-CMOS reference oscillators." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/41096.
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Frequency reference oscillator is a critical component of modern radio transceivers. Currently, most reference oscillators are based on low-frequency quartz crystals that are inherently bulky and incompatible with standard micro-fabrication processes. Moreover, their frequency limitation (<200MHz) requires large up-conversion ratio in multigigahertz frequency synthesizers, which in turn, degrades the phase-noise. Recent advances in MEMS technology have made realization of high-frequency on-chip low phase-noise MEMS oscillators possible.
Although significant research has been directed toward replacing quartz crystal oscillators with integrated micromechanical oscillators, their phase-noise performance is not well modeled. In addition, little attention has been paid to developing electronic frequency tuning techniques to compensate for temperature/process variation and improve the absolute frequency accuracy.
The objective of this dissertation was to realize high-frequency temperature-compensated high-frequency (>100MHz) micromechanical oscillators and study their phase-noise performance. To this end, low-power low-noise CMOS transimpedance amplifiers (TIA) that employ novel gain and bandwidth enhancement techniques are interfaced with high frequency (>100MHz) micromechanical resonators. The oscillation frequency is varied by a tuning network that uses frequency tuning enhancement techniques to increase the tuning range with minimal effect on the phase-noise performance. Taking advantage of extended frequency tuning range, and on-chip temperature-compensation circuitry is embedded with the sustaining circuitry to electronically temperature-compensate the oscillator. Finally, detailed study of the phase-noise in micromechanical oscillators is performed and analytical phase-noise models are derived.
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Samuelsson, Peter. "Management of technology in the process industries: Matching market and machine." Doctoral thesis, KTH, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-199705.
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The process industries span multiple industrial sectors and constitute a substantial part of the entire manufacturing industry. Since companies belonging to this family of industries are often very asset intensive, their ability to respond to changes is often limited in the short term. The adaptation of the capabilities of existing processes, and conversely finding products and market segments to match the production system capabilities, are an important part of product- and market development activities in the process industry. The importance to companies in the process industry of having a well-articulated manufacturing strategy congruent with the business strategy is second to none. However, to facilitate manufacturing strategy developments, it is essential to start with an improved characterization and understanding of the material transformation system. To that end an extensive set of variables was developed and related measures and scales were defined. The resulting configuration model, focusing on company generic process capabilities in the process industries, is to be regarded as a conceptual taxonomy and as a proposition available for further testing. The usability of the model was subsequently assessed using “mini-cases” in the forestry industry, where the respondents confirmed that the company’s overall strategy could benefit from this kind of platform as a possible avenue to follow. The model was deployed as an instrument in the profiling of company material transformation systems to facilitate the further development of companies' functional and business strategies. The use of company-generic production capabilities was studied in three case companies representing the mineral, food and steel industries. The model was found by the respondents to be usable as a knowledge platform to develop production strategies. In the final analysis of the research results, a new concept emerged called “production capability configuration": A process-industrial company’s alignment of its generic production capabilities in the areas of raw materials, process technology and products to improve the consistency among the variable elements that define operations and improve the congruence between operations and its environment. From the perspective of value creation and capture, firms must be able to manufacture products in a competitive cost structure within the framework of a proper business model. By using the configuration model, the relationship between manufacturing and innovation activities has been studied in the previously mentioned three case studies. In many cases the gap in capability appears as a limitation in the production system, requiring development efforts and sometimes investments to overcome. This is illustrated with two examples from the steel industry, where development efforts of the production system capabilities are initiated to better match the market demands. One example is the increase the volume- and product flexibility of an existing stainless steel melt shop, resulting in a proposed oblong Argon Oxygen Decarburisation (AOD) converter configuration that was subsequently verified using water modelling. The second example is from a carbon steel mill, where the target was to increase the raw material- and volume flexibility of another melt shop, by modifying the capabilities of the Electric Arc Furnace (EAF). Enabling EAF technologies are further described and evaluated using operational data and engineering type of estimates.QC 20170116
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Port, Martin. "Čtyřelektrodový impedanční pletysmograf." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-220285.
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This master’s thesis is an introduction to the measurement of changes in tissue impedance of blood flow by impedance plethysmography. Other chapters deal with the kinds of plethysmographs and their principles. The aim is to draft four-electrode impedance plethysmograph to measure changes in tissue impedance depending on blood flow. First, describe the individual blocks of the medical instrument. The practical part of the master’s thesis involves circuit design four-electrode plethysmograph. Given that a very important role in its function plays a constant current source operating at a frequency of 60kHz, this subset was implemented and verified its correct function. To draw component schemes used program EAGLE version 5.10.0.
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Cunin, Bernard. "Etude et realisation d'un modulateur parametrique a double bande laterale fonctionnant a 10 ghz : application a la detection d'impulsions lumineuses breves." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13127.
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Les proprietes d'un modulateur parametrique sont analysees. On montre que ce dispositif, constitue par la capacite variable d'une jonction pn pompee a 10 ghz, est caracterise par un gain de conversion, une impedance d'entree capacitive et un bruit interne tres reduit et qu'en consequence un systeme de detection optique, forme par une diode pin rapide couplee au convertisseur parametrique, presente un rapport signal a bruit superieur a celui des dispositifs de detection sans amplification interne habituellement utilises, au moins tant que la bande passante video est inferieure a 4 ghz. Enfin, on decrit une realisation pratique pour laquelle on a mesure un gain de conversion de 7db et une largeur a mi-hauteur de la reponse percussionnelle du modulateur seul voisine de 500 ps
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Silva, Leonardo de Araujo. "Sintese de indutancia negativa para aplicação serie em redes de energia eletrica." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/260861.
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Orientador: Jose Antenor PomilioTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação
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Resumo: Nesta tese é introduzida uma nova estratégia de controle que permite a síntese de indutâncias negativas para realização da compensação série de linhas de transmissão. O método, que é baseado na estratégia SDR (Síntese Direta de Reatâncias), opera com realimentação de estados e requer a medição de variáveis locais. Em relação aos métodos tradicionais, usando capacitores, a compensação através de indutância negativa pode ter desempenho superior, pois é possível conseguir sistemas mais estáveis, sem risco de ressonâncias, e com desempenho dinâmico superior, o que permite a realização de outras funções desejáveis, tais como o amortecimento de oscilações eletromecânicas e a compensação de cintilação luminosa. Dada a elevada potência requerida pela aplicação, sugere-se a utilização do Conversor Multinível em Cascata Assimétrico, que apresenta alto rendimento e é capaz de produzir uma tensão de saída de baixo conteúdo harmônico. Para este conversor, foi introduzida uma estratégia de controle que permite uma implementação sem que sejam necessárias fontes CC. Sugere-se também um procedimento para escolha do capacitor de filtragem que permite uma redução da corrente no conversor para uma dada condição de operação. São apresentados alguns estudos sobre a estabilidade da compensação série com indutância negativa. Para a técnica de controle proposta, são realizados estudos de autovalores, que permitem verificar a robustez com variação de parâmetros. Através de simulações, verificasse a estabilidade com a presença de elementos não modelados na planta, como capacitâncias parasitas. Também são apresentados estudos sobre a estabilidade para um modelo de simulação da ressonância subsíncrona, que considera o modelo do gerador e características mecânicas do eixo da turbina. Os resultados obtidos com estes estudos de estabilidade, bem com os resultados experimentais, indicam que a técnica proposta é viável para a aplicação
Abstract: This thesis introduces a new control strategy of realizing negative inductances with static converters for series compensation of transmission lines. The proposed method, which is basedon DRS (Direct Reactance Synthesis) technique, requires state feedback of variables that can be measured locally. The use of negative inductances instead of capacitors may yield performance improvement because there is no risk of resonance and it is possible to obtain higher stability margins and better dynamic performance. Consequently, it is possible to realize some useful functions that are not possible with conventional strategies, just as flicker ompensation and smoothing of electromechanical oscillations. Series compensation requires high power static converters and, due to this, the use of the Asymmetrical Cascaded Multilevel Converters (ACMC) is suggested. This high efficiency power converter is capable of producing a low THD output voltage using less power switches than other topologies. This thesis also introduces a DC control strategy for ACMC, which may allow negative inductance implementation with no DC sources. It is also suggested a design procedure for choosing the filter capacitance that reduces the required current capability of the power converter. Some studies regarding the stability of series compensation with negative inductances were carried on. For the new control strategy, it was possible to perform the eigenvalues analysis, that proved therobustness under some parameters variations. The stability considering elements that were not modeled, just as stray capacitances or generator and turbine shaft, were tested through simulations. The simulations and experimental results corroborate to prove that the control strategy is suitable for this application
Doutorado
Energia Eletrica
Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica
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Moreau, Maxime. "Modélisation haute fréquence des convertisseurs d'énergie : application à l'étude des émissions conduites vers le réseau." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00579671.
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Ces travaux de recherche portent sur la problématique CEM (Compatibilité Electromagnétique) en électronique de puissance. Cette étude s'intéresse particulièrement à la modélisation HF (haute fréquence) des convertisseurs d'énergie dans le but d'étudier la propagation des perturbations conduites vers le réseau avec ou sans l'utilisation du RSIL (Réseau Stabilisateur d'Impédance de Ligne). Une première partie présente les outils de modélisation des sources de perturbation dans les convertisseurs statiques.La seconde partie est consacrée à la modélisation HF d'un système d'entraînement à vitesse variable. L'onduleur de tension triphasé est représenté par trois générateurs équivalents afin de reconstituer le découpage des tensions de sortie. Un modèle HF du câble blindé de 4 conducteurs tenant compte de la dissymétrie est ensuite proposé. Les résultats de simulation ont été validés par des relevés expérimentaux. La comparaison montre qu'il est possible de modéliser correctement le comportement HF du dispositif jusqu'à 20MHz.Une troisième partie porte sur la propagation des perturbations conduites vers le réseau sans RSIL. Il a fallu pour cela déterminer et modéliser l'impédance du réseau. L'influence du pont redresseur à diodes sur la propagation des perturbations de mode commun a ensuite été étudiée. Les résultats de simulation montrent que l'impact de ces perturbations sur la tension réseau est prépondérant lorsque le pont redresseur est à l'état bloqué. Les résultats expérimentaux ont permis de valider cette étude. Ce travail se termine par une étude préliminaire sur l'association de deux convertisseurs connectés localement à une même source d'énergie
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Wen-JuiWu and 吳文睿. "Design of an Impedance-to-Digital Converter for Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopic Measurement System." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94313476798491946446.
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碩士國立成功大學
電機工程學系碩博士班
101
Biomedical detection techniques become more and more important recently due to the progress of the medical science and the growing burden of chronic disease. Accordingly, a real-time biomedical detection method that can be easily used to monitor chronic diseases by patients themselves is needed. Nowadays, the biochip technology becomes one of the mainstreams in IC design field, because it can integrate the biomedical measurement system into a small, light, and compact chip, which can analyze many kinds of measurands just by a small amount of samples. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) is one of the most popular electrochemistry detection methods. The proposed impedance-to-digital converter (IDC) is used to integrate the EIS measurement system into a single chip, which can analyze the sample rapidly and automatically. Instead of using large-area circuits (e.g., low pass filter) in traditional EIS systems, the proposed circuit is simple and only requires a small chip area. Furthermore, it also achieves high-resolution digital conversion with the proposed innovative circuit architecture, and noise interference is greatly improved by the proposed circuit technique. Also, the proposed IDC can be used for a wide frequency range of input signals. Combing with the EIS measurement system and the automatic frequency-sweeping circuit, the proposed IDC can measure the magnitude and the phase information of measurand rapidly and automatically. Therefore, the proposed circuit can be used in many kinds of biomedical detection systems, such as real-time urine or blood detection. This chip was fabricated by using Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) 0.35μm 2P4M 3.3V mixed-signal polycide process. The die area of this chip is . The measured power consumption is 0.831 mW at 3.3V. The input frequency range is 10 Hz - 10 kHz. Its maximal measurable magnitude and phase difference is 1.235V and +/- 177.4°, respectively.
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HSU, JUI-PO, and 徐瑞柏. "Three-phase Impedance-Source Bidirectional AC/DC Converter." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/n5b7ft.
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碩士國立臺灣科技大學
電子工程系
105
In this thesis, the topology of three-phase AC-DC converters is studied. An impedance source (Z-source) topology together with traditional three-phase six-switch circuit to achieve the buck/boost function in single-stage structure. Traditional voltage source or current source inverter has the limitation that output voltage can only be less than or greater than the input voltage. The impedance source topology has combination of inductors, capacitors, and one auxiliary switch. The input port is neither a voltage source nor a current source. Therefore, the output voltage can be either higher or lower than the input. Besides, eliminating the potential hazard of short-through or open-circuit in voltage-source or current-source circuits, Z-source circuit possesses better reliability. In one of the two operation modes, the auxiliary switch can be passively mode, resulting an easier control mechanism. The control algorithm for a Z-source can be an extension based on convention control algorithm. This thesis implements a three-phase Z-source AC-DC converter with input voltage of 150 V and 200 V, output voltage of 110 Vrms and 500 W output power. According to the test results, it is confirmed that the effect can be buck/boost in single-stage structure.
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LIN, JI-YAN, and 林季彥. "Negative Impedance Converter for Mobile Phone Antenna Minimization." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2uba3u.
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碩士國立臺灣科技大學
電機工程系
104
In this thesis, the negative impedance converter (NIC) and an implantable biomedical monitoring system which are implemented by using TSMC CMOS 0.18μm 1P6M process are proposed. In recent years, antenna miniaturization has been widely used in the UHF (Ultra high frequency, UHF). The effective bandwidth of the antenna (efficiency-bandwidth) is limited by using the passive foster matching network because of the high quality factor. To tackle this problem, the two types of NIC are integrated and proposed. The differential NIC which consists of cross-coupled pairs is suitable for 0.9 GHz-1.1 GHz and applied to the dipole antenna for non-foster impedance matching. The single-ended NIC is suitable for 3.4 GHz-3.8 GHz and applied to IFA antenna for non-foster impedance matching. The implantable biomedical monitoring system comprises of the power management and the biomedical signal process. In the power management, the RF-DC converter is used to convert the RF power into the DC power required for the regulator to supply rest building blocks. In the biomedical signal process, the analog to digital converter (ADC) is used to digitalize the obtained biomedical signal. The data would be combined with the carrier from transmitter then be sent out for monitoring. The external RF power is not only applied to the power management but also the injection-lock frequency divider (ILFD) for generating a carrier of the transmitter to combine with data. Then, the data is amplified by the power amplifier (PA) with the on-off keying modulation.
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Syuan-JhaoDai and 戴伭釗. "Time to Digital Converter for Tumor Impedance Detection System." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/q6wy7y.
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Sanon, Rodolph. "Preliminary investigation of negative impedance converters with microstrip lines." Diss., 2008.
Find full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--Michigan State University. Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2008."Advisor, Dr. Leo Kempel"--Acknowledgments. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Aug. 5, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 167-168). Also issued in print.