Academic literature on the topic 'Impacts of tourism on colonial built heritage'

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Since Harley (1989) proposed his concept of deconstructing the map, a new thinking about map is established and cause some cartographers rethinking the definition of map and shift their scientific axioms to evaluate maps. Persuasive maps are typically designed differently than scientific visualization, which are introduced more than 200 years represented for a given situation, especially to elicit particular interpretation. During 1895&amp;ndash;1945 Taiwan was ruled under Japan. The Empire was enthusiastic in set up infrastructure including triangulation which brought Taiwan into the era of Modern Maps. Besides, some thematic maps such as the beautiful Ukiyo with bird’s eye view were made. Nowadays these maps are all digital as cartographic heritage, they provide as research materials. But most of the studies discuss these maps from historical point of view, and less metaphor of cartography were proposed. According to the stratified sampling strategies, twenty-one maps are selected to discuss in this study. The contents analysis items are following the discussions of Tyner (1982, 2018) and Muehlenhaus (2011). These maps could divide into four kinds. The first one is the cartoon and humorous maps, which emphasize the Japanese was a strong giant, while Taiwanese and Manchurian were weak. This kind of maps seems not a real map, but their sensational impact full of persuasion. The second kind of maps is unique skill with bird’s eye view landscapes. Most of these maps and posters were presented in the Exposition of Colonial Administration for Forty Years in Taiwan. The main goal of this kind of maps were intended to show off Japanese colonial achievements, for Japan had established many infrastructures in Taiwan especially built the railways around the island, policies Following the policies of Japanese Empire, government of Taiwan encourage people enjoy travel to promote economy and tourism. The techniques of this kind of maps were transferred from Ukiyo and western perspective concept. Realistic and colorful symbols make this kind of maps looked vivid and attractive as well as easy to read, created a succinctly communication and eliciting the happy journey imagination. The third kind of maps is so called authoritative map. They were created during the early colonized days. In that time controlling and managing Taiwan indigenous was Japan urgent policy. Based on the topographic maps, through the red lines or red circles to attract the eyes attention and clearly suggest the troop’s planning routes. No extra information, color play the main role. The last one kind of maps is same as the third one, but their issues were focused on war. Various projections cause different distortions which could highlight the topic but not really the truth. While some maps omit parallels and meridians to confused the reader’s location perception. Even though ship and airplane were the common used symbols, their dynamic association east to direct the battle condition. Different color used to distinguish the safety level. Especially, in all kinds of these maps, Japan and its colonies always showed in red. The reason not only because red easy to attract eyesight but also red is Yamato favorite color. These persuasive maps persuade us that in the colonized era Japanese really provided great contribution to Taiwanese cartographic history.</p>

Da Nang’s urban landscape reveals more than a half century of colonization and French presence on its territory. The buildings carry the imprint of the colonial experience, as they were once considered a symbol of domination, linking Da Nang to the global history of colonization. After years of independence and reconstruction, the public attitude towards French colonial heritage has changed. Despite its roots and historical origins, today, French colonial architecture is engrained into the collective understanding of Da Nang’s urban landscape and has shaped the local visual identity of the urban space. More importantly perhaps, this architectural style contributes to the city’s connection with cultural tourism, an important tool for economic development. As Da Nang is on a path of constant growth, this paper engages with issues around architectural preservation of built colonial heritage, in terms of both the values of preservation, and the challenges it presents for contemporary urban planning.

AbstractIn this article, the preservation of the monumental built environment from the colonial period is related to and discussed within the perspective of heritage ownership. It contributes to a debate in which heritage resource preservation is approached and connected to several heritage ownership issues. It argues that an effective built environmental preservation policy for colonial heritage is strongly related to and dependent on issues such as legal property ownership, legislation on listed buildings, enforcement of such legislation, and the willingness among different categories of potential owners to participate and support such preservation. Especially, when it comes to built colonial heritage as an imported alien resource from a colonial past, these issues are particularly interesting and sensitive. A good illustration of these issues is the case of Paramaribo, Suriname. The national government policy following the inscription of the historic inner city of Paramaribo on the World Heritage List of UNESCO in 2002 clearly demonstrates an area of tension and difficulty between and within the interested parties. It shows that monumental preservation and heritage management and interpretation are strongly affected and determined by concepts such as ownership, affinity, interest, economic priorities, and political will. By referring to the actual problems encountered in the preservation efforts relating to the built colonial heritage in Paramaribo and subsequently explaining these problems in relation to specific ownership issues, this article throws light on a number of dilemmas. Conclusions are drawn widening the argument and contributing to the ongoing debate on heritage ownership issues and monument preservation policies especially as it relates to the global issue of managing the relics of now defunct empires.In recent years an increasing interest can be detected in issues concerning the legal property ownership of heritage. This growth in interest focuses in particular on the legislation in relationship to property ownership issues. An important aim of national governments is to use legislation to safeguard their cultural property by embedding it in law, especially, when this cultural property has a high monetary or identity value (as stressed by Fechner, 1998). Additionally, the growing awareness and recognition of heritage as a valuable economic, sociopsychological and environmental asset is receiving increasing international attention. For example, the international acknowledgment that heritage resources are under pressure from all kinds of processes and impacts has encouraged the need for an extension of international legal measures. Consequently, this international interest, often expressed in conventions, charters, and treaties, encourages national and local initiatives (Techera, 2011). An interesting complication to this issue is the question that arises where it involves the monumental built environment from the colonial period that is being preserved and restored, as it may be viewed as a heritage based on alien resources. In particular the acceptance, recognition, and role of what may be viewed as an imported colonial built environment in a multicultural and multiethnic context, may impact effective legislation. Although the discussion about the roles of heritage within a plural cultural and ethnic society has already begun (recently emphasized by Van Maanen, 2011; Ashworth, Graham, & Tunbridge, 2007), it is still an underresearched topic when it comes to legal property ownership as part of a management strategy for preserving built colonial heritage resources.This article examines in particular the effectiveness of policies and laws pursued in Suriname as an instrument for the preservation of resources. It highlights the legal and administrative challenges facing the implementation, management, and enforcement of these strategies and measures. The first part of this article examines the debate about the approach and strategy in using law in conservation and preservation policies. Then the article proceeds to introduce Suriname as an instructive case study. It describes the existing multiethnic context of Suriname and the evolution of legislative policy for the historic inner city of the capital, Paramaribo, with its monumental built environment from the colonial period. By using field data, the article continues with an analysis of the effectiveness and impacts of this administrative and legal framework established in Suriname. It examines in detail the main problems encountered and the extent to which this strategy is supported by the key stakeholders.

Purpose Preserving our built heritage from the onslaught of weather, pollution, development and the effects of tourism is a complex endeavour. Appended to this is the need to ensure that heritage buildings are inclusive to all users. Thus, built heritage is plagued with contradictions and conflict between conservation goals and those to support inclusivity given the limited resources often available. Dementia has been purposely selected for this study as numbers of diagnosed sufferers are increasing at an alarming rate, and enagement with heritage has been proven to support well-being. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach This research review draws on systematic principles and presents an analysis of the available literature on well-being programmes designed for people living with dementia and their care supporters, with particular reference to programmes in heritage settings, and the resulting impact for users. Findings This review critically evaluates the available evidence from published literature on the role of the heritage setting, on how it impacts on the experience of dementia participants. In doing so, it draws on findings from the experiences and well-being of people living with dementia and their care supporters; assesses the current state of knowledge, identifies support implications and makes recommendations for future research. In doing so, it highlights a dearth in the literature on research related to the physical environment setting, particular addressing any cognitive impairments that may arise that can alter psychosocial processes, such as lighting, temperature, acoustics and materiality, so that they can be understood and suitably adapted to support the well-being of those living with dementia. Originality/value The scant lack of financial resources to support inclusivity in built heritage, and the argument that some heritage cannot be adapted, often leads to only limited opportune for people with dementia. Thus, there is an inherent need for an understanding of current research and well-being programmes so that it can be focalled in the future to support built heritage tourism in a way that it is inclusive to all.

Surabaya old town district was the historical evidence of the Dutch Government in Colonial era, The center of the Dutch Administration located in Old Town, meanwhile Old Town District was the whiteness of Dutch defeat. Many buildings built by the Dutch in Colonial era are still conserved. Surabaya has strategy and policy through Tourism and Culture Department to conserve these buildings to be a landmark and legacy of city, this study addresses to evaluate the policy associated with the protection of heritage buildings, to examine the policy and to sum up the findings associated to conservation theory. This research uses the character appraisal, quantitative and qualitative. The result found are several buildings have been protected by the policy, however, there is a segment made so many facade changes and several well ornamented buildings. The conclusion obtained that the cultural heritage building policy can be nicely applied, especially to the historical value buildings. The Government gives a tolerance to renovate the buildings having less strong historical value.

In recent years the application of information and communication technologies (ICTs) to the built heritage has been increasingly finalized to heritage promotion in order to maximize visitor flows. New urgent challenges facing built heritage loom now over its very existence and our possibilities to preserve it for future generations. Italian heritage cities represent a delicate context, where concerns related to tourist flows and resource consumption are amplified due to the concentration of sites and points of interests in urban areas, also in very small ones, while tourism remains vital for economic growth. In such contexts, balancing economic development and sustainable heritage conservation demands well-calibrated tools and approaches. The article presents an overview of the ways the Internet of Things (IoT) is currently used to solve urban issues and support heritage projects. On this basis, and considering the characters and problems typical of heritage cities, as well as the features of the Italian scenario, the most appropriate application lines of IoT for the Italian heritage cities are identified. Then, their potentialities, the mutual impacts between them and the heritage field and the key role of the IoT in supporting the delicate balance between economic development and cultural resource conservation are finally discussed.

Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta known to have many tourist destinations in the form of heritage for example Ratu Boko site. The site Ratu Boko is a historic relic that was built around the 8th century during the reign of Rakai Panangkaran, one of the descendants Wangsa Syailendra. The development of these tourist destinations are increasingly dynamic. The development of tourism activities in sites of historical and cultural heritage of course have an impact on the environment around the site. This study used qualitative descriptive methods, using data derived from primary data source (observations and interviews) and secondary data sources (study of literature). This papers restrain only on based descriptive analysis from data and not using statistic to analysis. The results of this research found that there are positive and negative impacts arising from the development of this tourist destination. Keywords: tourism destination, the site Ratu Boko, impact, qualitative

Purpose This concluding paper filters out meaningful marketing strategies that could be used to re-position and re-establish tourism destinations struggling with negative image. Drawing from a collection of case studies around the world, this paper aims to provide evidence from post-colonial, post-conflict and post-disaster destinations to anchor the overall conclusion of the theme issue. Design/methodology/approach This paper summarizes key issues faced by destinations plagued with a negative image and identifies adaptive marketing strategies based on existing marketing theories and success stories from struggling destinations. Findings Destinations with a negative image are mostly post-colonial, post-conflict or post disaster destinations (or all of the three combined), and despite their poor (if no) marketing strategies, they continue to struggle to find their share in the tourism market. This paper highlights four main challenges of such destinations and proposes that adaptive marketing strategies can turn the situation of struggling destinations to a situation of emerging destinations. Marketing strategies that are cited in this theme are based on empirical evidence and they are communication strategy, differentiation and promotion of responsible and health tourism, heritage tourism, cluster tourism and the involvement of destination marketing organisations. Originality/value This paper takes a somewhat different approach and proposes adaptive marketing strategies for struggling destinations. These are based on the notion that the consequences of not addressing negative image also impacts on established destinations that have to cope with increased capacity. The value of this paper is that it draws from empirical evidence, each unique in their own right and re-establishes how post-colonial, post-conflict and post-disaster destinations could improve while highlighting their potential and limiting factors.

In the wake of severe economic slowdown during the 2008-2015 crisis, and despite continued constraints on public investment in large scale infrastructure, Lisbon is emerging as one of the most attractive destinations in Europe. Tourism has been driving major spatial, functional and social changes, initially in the city’s historical districts, and nowadays exerts impact across a much larger urban and regional area. Tourism, together with new drivers of the real-estate market, is promoting the renovation of formerly vacant or rundown built stock, taking advantage of a rather fragile socio-economic milieu and changing the face of residential, commercial and public space landscapes. Recently upgraded transportation nodes and extensive improvements on public space have also played a meaningful role in this process. Central government and municipality rationale have underpinned its role in providing accessibility, “attractivity”, and “heritage valorisation”, aiming to attract young residents after decades of resident population decline. In contrast to considerable public investment in public space and infrastructure, very limited funding or policy has been targeted at maintaining an affordable housing and real-estate market: thus leaving much of the public investment return to the private sector. Criticism of gentrification and “touristification”, rising housing prices, and pressure on infrastructure is growing accordingly. The paper provides insight into aspects of this process, with a focus on the relational aspects of mobility upgrade, public space renewal and inner-city urban regeneration. Several urban projects are mapped and broadly characterised in their spatial and functional relationship with tourism. An interpretative framework that combines them with the forms of territorialisation and the main conflicts and tensions is offered as a contribution to the ongoing discussion. Conclusions point to the complex and powerful role that public space and mobility infrastructure play in the impact of territorialising tourism: as supports for better qualified, multi-scalar and shared urban spaces and as drivers of a more balanced, diverse and socially-inclusive urban tourism development.

World War II was very influential to the eastern region of Indonesia and had left many remains in the areas that became the center or the liaison area of its power. Biak Numfor is one of the important areas in the historical process. There are many relics in the form of former hiding places of caves, houses, attributes of war, money, dizziness, places to eat and medical devices. The problem is how is the form and function and influence on the local community? Qualitative research with interview, observation, and literature study techniques, tried to formulate a strategy of World War II heritage tracks. The hope, this research can be used as an educational material for the history of Papua during the colonial period. Besides being a historical site that needs to be preserved and preserved and or developed as a cultural tourism object. ABSTRAK Perang Dunia II sangat berpengaruh ke wilayah timur Indonesia dan telahmeninggalkan bany a k tinggalan di daerah-daerah yang menjadi pusatatau daerah penghubung kekuasaannya. Biak Numfor menjadi salah satudaerah penting dalam proses sejarah. Disana banyak peninggalan berupabekas tempat pesembunyian gua-gua,rumah, atribut perang, uang, pening,tempat makan dan alat-alat kesehatan. Permasalahnya, bagaimana bentukdan fungsi serta pengaruh pada masyarakat setempat? Penelitian kualitatifdengan teknik waw a ncara, observasi, dan studi pustaka, berusahamerumuskan strategi jejak peninggalan Perang Dunia II terhadap budayamasyarakat setempat. Harapannya, penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagaibahan pendidikan sejarah Papua di masa penjajahan. Selain juga sebagaisitus bersejarah yang perlu dijaga dan dilestarikan dan atau dikembangkansebagai objek wisata budaya.

The hypothesis put forward in this thesis is that tourism can be the agent for the sustainable conservation and development of the valuable legacy of colonial built heritage by capitalizing on its tangible and intangible assets. The key variable is the recognition of the intrinsic value of both iconic and non-iconic properties and sites that constitute the extrinsic value of the cultural attractions of the tourism destination. The research problem is concerned with assessing the impact of contemporary tourism development on these attractions and identifying the issues affecting preservation and realization of asset potential. The research aims to support the collaboration between tourism professionals and cultural heritage stakeholders committed to resolving issues and problems for the destination identified within the stages of the tourism destination's life cycle of evolution (Butler, 1980).

An Archaeology and History of a Caribbean Sugar Plantation on Antigua uses archaeological and documentary evidence to reconstruct daily life at Betty’s Hope plantation on the island of Antigua, one of the largest sugar plantations in the Caribbean. It demonstrates the rich information that the multidisciplinary approach of contemporary historical archaeology can offer when assessing the long-term impacts of sugarcane agriculture on the region and its people. Drawing on ten years of research at the 300-year-old site, the researchers uncover the plantation’s inner workings and its connections to broader historical developments in the Atlantic World. Excavations at the Great House reveal similarities to other British colonial sites, and historical records reveal the owners’ involvement in the Atlantic slave trade and in the trade of rum and other commodities. Artifacts uncovered from the slave quarters—ceramic tokens, repurposed bottle glass, and hundreds of Afro-Antiguan pottery sherds—speak to the agency of enslaved peoples in the face of harsh living conditions. Contributors also use ethnographic field data collected from interviews with contemporary farmers, as well as soil analysis to demonstrate how three centuries of sugarcane monocropping created a complicated legacy of soil depletion. Today tourism has long surpassed sugar as Antigua’s primary economic driver. Looking at visitor exhibits and new technologies for exploring and interpreting the site, the volume discusses best practices in cultural heritage management at Betty’s Hope and other locations that are home to contested historical narratives of a colonial past.

Built environment refers to the places in which we live and work, the services that meet our needs, and everything humans do by way of physical planning, design, development and controls to ensure our basic needs are met and quality of life maximised. This broad definition encompasses residential neighbourhoods, transport systems, farmland and industrial zones. It is also worth distinguishing between ‘spaces’ where things can be built and activities occur, and ‘places’ which have meaning – such as play and work spaces, living and meeting places, all within social and cultural value systems. Impacts of tourism and events on the built environment are of increasing importance, particularly because so many cities have pursued tourism and culture-based development or re-positioning strategies. There are many examples of using events, venues, iconic architecture, tourism and culture synergistically, with profound effects on the urban landscape, its image and liveability. In small towns the impacts of development can be more noticeable and have more profound impacts on residents. In the literature on events and the built environment the focus has often been on the effects of mega events that require enormous investment in infrastructure and venues. However, construction and operation of sport arenas and stadia, major arts and culture facilities, as well as convention and exhibition centres all have profound implications for cities. In this chapter the starting point is a discussion of the roles of events and venues in urban development and renewal, a theme that incorporates the concepts of liveability (or quality of life), community development, healthy and creative cities. A second theme is the use of public spaces by events, looking at both the positives and negatives. The influence of the environment upon events and tourism has to be mentioned, although it is not part of the objects of impact assessment considered in this book. Within ‘environmental psychology’ there is the principle of ‘setting affordances’, meaning what the environment allows (or lends itself to) by way of events and tourism. For example, many urban spaces with heritage status and unique design are popular venues for festivals and other events, but with possible negative impacts owing to crowd activities and, over time, the accompanying change in the character of the place. Parks and streets lend themselves to parades and open-air events, but at a potential cost. Attention is then directed at place making and place marketing and the interdependent elements of image, reputation, positioning and brand. In recent years the communicative properties of events have come to the fore, and in many cases even replacing the emphasis on events as attractions. We live in a networked world, with mass and social media presenting global opportunities to both market events (especially to special interest segments) and to exploit events and related images for broader political, economic and social purposes. Completing this chapter is a case study from Rudi Hartmann about events and the evolution of the resort town of Vail, Colorado. A number of themes are reinforced, and new theoretical perspectives introduced.