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Academic literature on the topic 'Impacts de l'aquaculture'
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Journal articles on the topic "Impacts de l'aquaculture"
MÉDALE, F., R. LE BOUCHER, M. DUPONT-NIVET, E. QUILLET, J. AUBIN, and S. PANSERAT. "Des aliments à base de végétaux pour les poissons d’élevage." INRAE Productions Animales 26, no. 4 (August 18, 2013): 303–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2013.26.4.3159.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Impacts de l'aquaculture"
Abdou, Khaled. "Evaluation des impacts environnementaux du chalutage de fond et de l'aquaculture en Tunisie : approche comparative par les Analyses de Cycle Vie (ACV)." Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0141/document.
Full textThe main goal of ecology is to place human activities within a framework of sustainable development by enhancing their economic benefits, their social attractiveness and their environmental performances. Ecosystems that support fisheries and aquaculture are subject to several alterations of significant relevance to their functioning and to their abilities to provide goods and services. Therefore, the long-term sustainability of fishing and aquaculture is a major concern from an environmental and ecological viewpoint. Both activities carry risks of negative environmental impacts because of its close relation with the immediate environment. To better understand environmental impacts and ensure the sustainability of fishing and aquaculture, it is necessary to develop an integrative sciencebased approach to impact assessment. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has emerged as a robust method to estimate potential environmental impacts associated with a product. It allows the assessment of environmental impacts “from cradle to grave”, taking into account all stages of a product’s life. This thesis focuses on the adaptation of LCA to demersal trawling and aquaculture in Tunisia. The goal is to explore how LCA improves the environmental evaluation of seafood production systems and how it helps to better understand their links with the environment. Results revealed that rearing practices and fish feed were the greatest contributors to the impacts studied due to the production of fish meal and oil and the low efficiency of feed use. The study also showed that impact intensity of demersal trawling was proportional to the amount of fuel consumed. LCA is a valuable tool for assessing how to improve environmental sustainability of demersal trawling and aquaculture
Mialhe, François. "Le développement de l'aquaculture saumâtre dans l'Aire Pacifique Evolution des paysages, dynamiques socio-économiques et impacts environnementaux dans deux territoires au Pérou et aux Philippines." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00557715.
Full textMialhe, François. "Le développement de l'aquaculture saumâtre dans l'Aire Pacifique : évolution des paysages, dynamiques socio-économiques et impacts environnementaux dans deux territoires au Pérou et aux Philippines." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA070077.
Full textBased on two case studies in the Philippines (Pampanga) and Peru (Tumbes), the goal of this thesis was to analyze the development of aquaculture with an emphasis on the initial causes of aquaculture, its history, its spatial development, and on its socioeconomic impacts at a range of space and time scales. The methodology associates satellite image processing with fieldwork. Several pond mapping methods based on a combination of multispectral classification techniques and mathematical morphology were tested and compared. Field investigation methods involved questionnaires, interviews, harvesting of second-hand data, direct observation, and a participation in daily activities of various stakeholders. Finally, I crafted a multi-agent model based on empirical data collected in the Pampanga delta with the aim of exploring the influence of a range of environmental and social parameters on landscape evolution
Jara, Vergara Bibiana Andrea. "Fate and impact of antibiotics and pesticides used in marine aquaculture : an emergent threat to the coastal ocean." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS422.
Full textChile, as the second largest salmon farming country in the world, reports the highest use of antibiotics and pesticides, which can be harmful to both the environment and humans. These compounds tend to be sequestered by suspended particles, transported by currents and finally deposited in sediments, where they are later consumed by the benthic community. Changes in the bacterial community, emergence of resistance genes and impacts at the ecological level have been described for antibiotics and pesticides, although most focus on the local impact of salmon farming. This study sought to understand the dynamics and fate of antibiotics throughout the Puyuhaupi Fjord and to understand the partitioning behavior of the antibiotics florfenicol and flumequine through adsorption experiments that simulate the average temperature of the fjord. In addition, the occurrence of deltamethrin and cypermethrin in total suspended solids and filtering benthic organisms (bivalves and sponges) in the Puyuhuapi Fjord was evaluated. Finally, an experiment of respiration in the water column and marine sediments obtained in an area without aquaculture activity (Banyuls Bay, France) was developed to evaluate if the presence of antibiotics and pesticides can affect the degradation process of organic material, through changes in community respiration and remineralized components.Our results show low concentrations of florfenicol (from trace to 23.1 ng L-1) and flumequine (trace level) detected after 180 and 360 days (respectively) since their last medication at a distance between 2 and 23 km from the culture sites. The fugacity model used in our study area, together with the decay model, predicts that flumequine can remain in sediments for more than two months at sub-minimum inhibition concentrations (sub-MIC). This condition may promote bacterial selection for antibiotic resistance and eventually pose a risk to human health from the consumption of seafood products. The values of the partition constants Kd and KOC, obtained by bacth experiments, suggest that the adsorption capacity of flumequine is twice that of florfenicol (Table 2, section 3.2), implying that flumequine has a greater tendency to be adsorbed and absorbed by sediments. From an environmental point of view, our results may imply that the fate of flumequine will be related to processes affecting particles, suspension transport and seafloor deposition, whereas florfenicol concentration be controlled by hydrodynamic processes such as dilution and transport by currents. In turn, a higher fraction of flumequine may be stored in the sediments in coastal areas housing salmon farming centers.The pesticides deltamethrin and cypermethrin were incorporated through dips to control outbreaks of caligus (Caligus rogercresseyi) infection. Very low concentrations of deltamethrin were detected in total suspended solids (0.01 to 0.05 ng L-1), which value would not have an effect on organisms (NOEC, LC50 and EC50) or at the ecological level (NOEAEC), which may come from sediment resuspension or external input from adjacent areas with active salmon culture centers. Although cypermethrin was not used in Puyuhuapi Fjord, low concentrations were detected in bivalves and sponges (0.04 and 0.05 ng g-1, respectively), values comparable to wild salmon caught for human consumption (0.04 ng g-1). These results suggest an indirect exposure of the compound may be associated with external input from adjacent fjords or unreported treatments because cypermethrin can remain for more than two years in sediments with high organic material and low oxygen content. [...]
Chile, como segundo país con mayor producción en el cultivo de salmones a nivel mundial, reporta el mayor uso de antibióticos y pesticidas, lo que puede ser perjudicial tanto para el medioambiente como para el hombre. Estos compuestos tienden a ser secuestrados por las partículas suspendidas, transportados por las corrientes y, finalmente son depositadas en los sedimentos, donde eventualmente son consumidos por la comunidad bentónica. Cambios en la comunidad bacteriana, aparición de genes de resistencia e impactos a nivel ecológico han sido descritos para antibióticos y pesticidas, aunque la mayoría se enfocan en el impacto local de la actividad salmonera. Este estudio buscó entender la dinámica y el destino de los antibióticos en todo el fiordo Puyuhaupi y conocer el comportamiento particional de los antibióticos florfenicol y flumequina a través de experimentos de adsorción que simular la temperatura promedio de fiordo. Junto con esto se buscó evaluar la ocurrencia de deltametrina y cipermetrina en los sólidos totales suspendidos y los organismos bentónicos filtradores (bivalvos y esponjas) en el fiordo Puyuhuapi. Finalmente se desarrolló un experimento de respiración en columna de agua y sedimentos marinos obtenidos, una zona sin actividad acuícola (bahía Banyuls, Francia), para evaluar si la presencia de antibióticos y pesticidas pueden afectar el proceso de degradación del material orgánico, a través de cambios en respiración comunitaria y en las componentes remineralizadas.Nuestros resultados muestran bajas concentraciones florfenicol (desde traza a 23.1 ng L-1) y flumequina (nivel traza) detectados después de 180 y 360 días (respectivamente) desde su la última medicación a una distancia de entre 2 y 23 km de los centros de cultivo. El modelo de fugacidad utilizado en nuestra área de estudio, junto con el modelo de decaimiento, predicen que flumequina puede permanecer en los sedimentos más de dos meses a concentraciones de inhibición sub-Mínima (sub-MIC). Esta condición puedo promover la selección bacteriana por resistencia a los antibióticos y, eventualmente representar un riesgo para la salud humana por el consumo de productos marinos. Los valores de constantes de partición Kd y KOC, obtenidos experimentalmente en nuestro estudio, sugieren que la capacidad de adsorción de flumequina es dos veces mayor que la de florfenicol (Tabla 2, sección 3.2), lo que implica que flumequina tiene una mayor tendencia a ser adsorbido por los sedimentos. Desde el punto de vista ambiental, nuestros resultados pueden implicar que el destino de la flumequina estará más asociado a procesos como el transporte de partículas y la deposición en el fondo marino, mientras que el florfenicol debería estar másxxiiirelacionado con procesos acuáticos como la dispersión y el transporte por las corrientes, lo que sugiere que, eventualmente, una mayor fracción de flumequina puede quedar almacenada en los sedimentos en la zona con centros de cultivo de salmones.Los pesticidas deltametrina y cipermetrina se incorporaron a través de baños para controlar brotes de infección por caligus (Caligus rogercresseyi). Concentraciones muy bajas de deltametrina se detectaron en los sólidos totales suspendidos (0.01 a 0.05 ng L-1), cuyo valor no tendría un efecto sobre los organismos (NOEC, LC50 y EC50) o a nivel ecológico (NOEAEC), los que pueden provenir de la resuspensión de sedimentos o por aporte externo de áreas adyacentes con centros de cultivo activos. A pesar de no ser utilizada cipermetrina en fiordo Puyuhuapi, bajas concentraciones se detectaron en bivalvos y esponjas (0.04 y 0.05 ng g-1, respectivamente) valores comparables a salmones silvestres capturados para consumo humano (0.04 ng g-1)