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Shelton, Michael. "Comparison of GPS Point Selection Methods for GIS Area Measurement of Small Jurisdictional Wetlands." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2001. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2831/.
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U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) regulates fill of jurisdictional waters of the United States including wetlands. Recent USACE regulations set a threshold of impacts to wetlands at one-half acre. Impact area can be determined by Global Positioning System (GPS) measurement of wetland boundary and Geographic Information System (GIS) calculation of impact area. GPS point selection methods include (1) equal time interval, (2) transect and (3) intuition. Four two-acre shapes were measured with each GPS method and brought into GIS for area calculation. Analysis of variance and Root Mean Square Error analyses determine that the transect method is an inferior point selection method in terms of accuracy and efficiency.
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Lohnes, Karen Lynn. "Impact of reconstructed wetlands on the tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor)." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3563.
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Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2006.Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Animal and Avian Sciences. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Orosz-Coghlan, Patricia Anne. "Impact of Wildlife on Escherichia coli in a Constructed Wetland." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2001. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_etd_hy0015_m_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.
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Qiu, Song. "Impact of drying on nutrient transformations and water quality in wetlands." Thesis, Qiu, Song (1995) Impact of drying on nutrient transformations and water quality in wetlands. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1995. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/51185/.
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The effects of sediment drying and reflooding on phosphorus and nitrogen transformations in shallow wetlands were studied using sediments from seven wetlands near Perth, Western Australia. Changes in sediment properties on drying and rewetting were investigated, including the properties of phosphorus sorption; phosphorus fractionation; sediment solution properties; iron and aluminium extractability [by oxalate and CDB (citrate-dithionite-bicarbonate)]; molecular weight distribution of sediment humic acid; and planktonic and microbial phosphorus release. Air-drying significantly affected phosphorus sorption and increased phosphorus release from organic-rich sediments during rewetting. Changes in phosphorus sorption in reflooded sediments were correlated with changes in iron extractability, suggesting that changes in iron properties during drying were the primary cause for changes in phosphorus sorption. Air-drying and reflooding of intact sediment cores induced a rapid increase in phosphorus and ammonia release under aerated conditions. The increase in ammonia from reflooded cores subsequently stimulated rapid nitrification in the sediment / water systems. The results strongly suggest an accumulation of 'reactive soluble phosphorus' and ammonia in the sediment during drying. The accumulation of phosphorus and ammonia is likely to be due to stimulation of microbial activity in the earlier stage of drying, especially in organic-rich sediments. The 'reactive soluble phosphorus' was taken up and stored largely in microbial biomass. Drying caused substantial mortality in microbial biomass. Thus, upon reflooding, the phosphorus previously bound to microbial biomass was released into the overlying water. This process could be reinforced by a flush of phosphorus released from sediment due to changes in iron properties during drying. This study suggests that (1) wetland drying can induce a rapid and significant increase in internal phosphorus and inorganic nitrogen loadings during reinundation, (2) microbial activity and phytoplankton productivity can be subsequently stimulated, and the probability of an algal bloom increased through drying and refilling, (3) care must be taken in using dry sediment samples to assess sediment-related nutrient activity in natural wetlands.
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Banning, Alison E. "The effect of long piers on birds using tidal wetlands in Worcester County, Maryland." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 56 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1338866001&sid=3&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Herrera-Pantoja, Marina. "The impact of climate change on groundwater-fed wetlands in East Anglia." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.445530.
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Speks, Amanda. "Analyzing the impact of the financial systems for constructing wetlands in Sweden." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-445062.
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Financial support is one of the main ways in which the Swedish government can encourage restoration and construction of wetlands. Despite having the tool of financial support for constructing wetlands in place, there is little information on how the support systems are structured and how they compare to each other. Another knowledge gap is the regional variation in wetland construction among counties and how this differs between them. The purpose of this study is therefore two-part. Firstly, to map and compare the three main financial systems for constructing wetlands in Sweden, namely LOVA (the Local Water Preservation Grant), LONA (the Local Initiative for Nature Conservation) and the RDP (the Rural Development Programme). Results from the national comparison among financial systems shows that the RDP is the significantly most influential grant in wetland construction, whereas LOVA make up 9% and LONA 1% of the sum of hectares of constructed wetlands. These findings are the reason why this study only uses the RDP as a basis for the second purpose of this study, which is to investigate the regional variation in wetland construction. These results reveal two main findings, firstly that Skåne is the county with the most constructed wetlands, both in terms of hectares and number of wetlands. Finally, the purposes of the constructed wetlands which are financed by the RDP, are reviewed in this study. The purposes differ greatly between counties and do not necessarily align with the targets set in the Regional Action Plans. The reasons for the large variations between counties, the low numbers of constructed wetlands within LONA and the administrative process of the RDP are topics which are recommended to research further.
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Sjöblom, Åsa. "Wetlands as a means to reduce the environmental impact of mine drainage waters." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema vatten i natur och samhälle, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-4708.
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In many mining regions of the world, pollution of surface water and groundwater by drainage water originating from mines aiming waste poses either a serious threat to the environment, or a severe environmental problem. During the last two and a half decades, treatment of mine drainage water in constructed and natural wetlands has emerged as an alternative to more conventional methods to handle the problem. In this thesis, the major biogeochemical processes behind metal immobilization in wetlands are summarized. Factors that influence the efficiency and longevity of these processes are discussed based on a review of previous experiences from wetlands exposed to mine drainage waters. The potential for successful treatment is largely determined by the characteristics of the drainage, the morphology of the wetland, and the degree of maintenance planned. In maintenance-free wetland, factors that have to be considered include: changes in drainage water production and wetland performance over the years, the total metal accumulating capacity of the wetland, and the post treatment integrity of the wetland. Results from a case study indicated that no or little immobilization of metals occured in natural wetlands situated along a mining region recipient (the river Vormbäcken, northern Sweden). However, Fe supplied from the catchment area appeared to favor the fraction of As, Cu, and Pb recovered in particles, a mechanism that could be of interest for the polishing of treated mine drainage waters, especially when combined with settling in a downstream wetland. Laboratory experiments showed that such a process is likely to be favored by addition of Fe in its ferrous form, higher water temperatures, presence of Ca, and absence of dissolved organic matter.
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Sjöblom, Åsa. "Wetlands as a means to reduce the environmental impact of mine drainage waters /." Linköping : Univ, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-4708.
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Allagas, Philip. "Assessing the Impact of Restored Wetlands on Bat Foraging Activity Over Nearby Farmland." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3804.
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Up to 87% of the world’s wetlands have been destroyed, considerably reducing ecosystem services these wetlands once provided. More recently, many wetlands are being restored in an attempt to regain their ecosystem service. This study seeks to determine the effects of restored wetlands on local bat habitat use. Bat activity was found to be significantly higher around the wetlands when compared to distant grassy fields; however, no significant difference was found among the restored wetlands and a remote cattle farm containing multiple water features. Geospatial models of bat distribution and bat foraging were produced using machine learning that showed higher habitat suitability and foraging activity around restored wetlands than around distant grassy fields, suggesting that wetlands provide vital habitat for insectivorous bats. This study demonstrates that restored wetlands promote bat activity and bat foraging, and restoring wetlands may be a useful means of increasing natural pest control over nearby farmlands.
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Allagas, Philip. "Assessing the Impact of Restored Wetlands on Bat Foraging Activity Over Nearby Farmland." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2008. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3804.
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Up to 87% of the world’s wetlands have been destroyed, considerably reducing ecosystem services these wetlands once provided. More recently, many wetlands are being restored in an attempt to regain their ecosystem service. This study seeks to determine the effects of restored wetlands on local bat habitat use. Bat activity was found to be significantly higher around the wetlands when compared to distant grassy fields; however, no significant difference was found among the restored wetlands and a remote cattle farm containing multiple water features. Geospatial models of bat distribution and bat foraging were produced using machine learning that showed higher habitat suitability and foraging activity around restored wetlands than around distant grassy fields, suggesting that wetlands provide vital habitat for insectivorous bats. This study demonstrates that restored wetlands promote bat activity and bat foraging, and restoring wetlands may be a useful means of increasing natural pest control over nearby farmlands.
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FONSECA, Cláudia Adriana Bueno da. "Tipologia e fragmentação das terras úmidas do cerrado na alta bacia do Rio Araguaia, estado de Goiás." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/1847.
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Previous issue date: 2010-06-08The aim of this research is to call the attention to the humid areas preservation for they are natural habitat with special dynamic and genesis and that they have been damaged by the gradual development of the use of the soil in the latest year. The upper basin of Araguaia river were chosen as an area study to follow systematically the development of Cerrado habitat degradation; going deeply in that approach we want to show how important those humid areas are for its complexity to maintain the biodiversity. According to the environment point of view those wets areas are complex ecosystems, situated in the water interface and in the soil, and has had an important paper in the hydrologic and dynamic and also to keep the biodiversity. The sub basins of Babilonia and Piranhas rivers of the Araguaia river were selected to develop a gradual typology of the humid soil and the development of degradation they are. The present research used thematic bases in a schedule of 1:100.000, 1:250.000 and 1:500.000 of geology, geomorphology, soil, vegetation and upper basins hydrographic to characterize the landscape natural mosaic and the choice of the two studied sub basins. To delimitate the humid areas of the selected sub basins areas pictures where taken (1965) and satellite images LANDSAT MSS and TM(1975 and 2008) to get the impact diagnostic from the cattle raising and agriculture activities in the wetlands. Among the identified typology of wets lands of this context to the researched sub basins we detach riparian forest and humid field. The analysis of the continuous environment degradations of the wetlands was developed by a geoprocessing with the use of softwares ENVI 4.3; SPRING 4.3; the ecology metric pasture were analyzed developing FRAGSTATS 3.3; and ArcGis program (Geography Information System) to elaborate crossing data, areas calculation and to finish thematic maps. The reached result shows that in 1965 year the dominant wet land typology in the Piranhas river sub basins is the riparian forest while in Babilonia river sub basin there had a proportion as those ones among the typology showed in the riparian forest and humid field. In 2008 year the environment degradation in the sub basins wets area happened in a different way. In Babilonia river sub basins there had a decrease of the wets lands typology of 56,89%. The riparian forest lost space for the raising cattle and agriculture activities, pasture and urban areas that are taken 17,43%, 7,30% and 0,08% of the wetlands of that sub basins. Humid field showed a decrease of 20,79% for the raising cattle and agriculture activity and for pasture 11,30%, while in the Piranhas river sub basins the wets lands were reduced in 60,52% because the growing cattle raising and agriculture activities (the former one occupied 57,21%, the later one 1,56% and the urban area 0,15%). The humid field typology suffered a decrease in its area for the agriculture and raising cattle activities in 1,39% and 0,21% respectively. Unfortunately we can conclude that the wets areas of Babilonia and Piranhas rivers sub basins have been strongly degraded for those activities in the last 30 years. We should ask for public politics and appropriate techniques to diminish the environment impacts in those areas. The adoption of public politics and rights and proper techniques are necessary to diminish the impact in those important environment areas. The global vegetation has been the primary source of oxygen in the atmosphere enabling aerobic metabolism system to evolve and persist. That is one more reason to the urgency of a careful and serious public politics to keep wetlands untouched.
A Alta Bacia do rio Araguaia no sudoeste goiano foi escolhida como área de pesquisa, para avaliar de forma sistemática a tipologia e fragmentação das terras úmidas em ambiente de Cerrado. Do ponto de vista ambiental, as áreas úmidas são ecossistemas complexos, situadas na interface água e solo, tendo um papel fundamental na dinâmica hidrológica e na manutenção da biodiversidade. Essa pesquisa teve como meta chamar a atenção para preservação das áreas úmidas, em função destas constituírem ambientes naturais com gênese e dinâmicas particulares que estão sendo impactados pela evolução do uso e ocupação do solo, ocorridas nos últimos anos. No âmbito da área da Alta Bacia do rio Araguaia, foram selecionadas as sub-bacias dos rios Babilônia e Piranhas para avaliação da tipologia de terras úmidas e o estado de degradação ao qual estão submetidas. A presente pesquisa utilizou bases temáticas em escala 1:100.000, 1:250.000 e 1:500.000 de geologia, geomorfologia, solos, vegetação e hidrografia da Alta Bacia para caracterização do mosaico de paisagens naturais e escolha das duas sub-bacias estudadas. Para a delimitação das áreas úmidas nas sub-bacias selecionadas utilizou fotografias aéreas (1965) e imagens de satélites LANDSAT MSS e TM (1975 e 2008) para efetuar diagnósticos dos impactos gerados pela atividade agropecuária em terras úmidas. Dentre as tipologias identificadas no contexto das terras úmidas para as sub-bacias pesquisadas se destacaram a Floresta Ciliar e o Campo Úmido. A análise da fragmentação das terras úmidas foi realizada por Geoprocessamento com uso dos softwares ENVI 4.3; SPRING 4.3; as métricas da ecologia da paisagem foram analisadas utilizando o programa FRAGSTATS 3.3; e o ArcGis 9.2 (S.I.G.- Sistema de Informações Geográficas) para a elaboração, cruzamento de dados, cálculo de áreas e finalização dos mapas temáticos. Os resultados obtidos indicam que, em 1965 a tipologia dominante na sub-bacia do rio Piranhas é a Floresta Ciliar, enquanto na sub-bacia do rio Babilônia havia uma proporção em área quase equivalente entre distribuição das tipologias da Floresta Ciliar e Campo Úmido. Em 2008, a fragmentação em áreas úmidas nas duas sub-bacias ocorreu de forma diferenciada. Na sub-bacia do rio Babilônia houve uma redução das tipologias de terras úmidas de 56,89%. A tipologia Floresta Ciliar perdeu espaço para a agricultura, pastagem e área urbana, as quais passaram a ocupar 17,43%, 7,30% e 0,08% das terras úmidas desta sub-bacia. O Campo Úmido teve uma redução de 20,79% devido a sua substituição pela agricultura e de 11,30% devido sua substituição por pastagem. Enquanto, na sub-bacia do rio Piranhas as áreas úmidas sofreram redução de 60,52% em função das atividades agropecuárias (agricultura ocupou 57,21%, pecuária 1,56% e áreas urbanas 0,15%). A tipologia Campo Úmido tiveram suas áreas reduzidas em função da agricultura e pecuária com substituição de 1,39% e 0,21% respectivamente. Conclui-se que as áreas úmidas das sub-bacias dos rios Babilônia e Piranhas têm sido fortemente degradadas por atividades agropecuárias nos últimos 30 anos, portanto, a adoção de políticas públicas e técnicas de conservação apropriadas são necessárias para diminuir os impactos ambientais nessas áreas.
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Fu, Jing. "Environmental Impacts of Aquaculture Ponds on Coastal Wetlands in the Yellow River Estuary." Kyoto University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/225949.
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Mattson, Crystal L. "Impact of wastewater reuse in Burlington County on surface water quality and adjacent wetlands /." Full text available online, 2006. http://www.lib.rowan.edu/find/theses.
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Ehbair, Abdassalam. "Trihalomethane formation in drinking water : impact of drought, treatment wetlands and methods of analysis." Thesis, Bangor University, 2017. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/trihalomethane-formation-in-drinking-water-impact-of-drought-treatment-wetlands-and-methods-of-analysis(9c9289d8-cc6d-409b-8463-9e5aba236de7).html.
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In England and Wales, two-thirds of drinking water comes from surface water. Rising dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in surface waters have been reported in the past few decades, commonly attributed to climate and land use change. Peatlands have historically been drained to create new grazing land and this has been suggested as one of the causes of the rising DOC trend. The experimental work in this thesis was undertaken in North and West Wales catchments and primarily examines the variations in DOC concentrations and how these are linked with trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) in different field and laboratory settings. Chapter 2. From July 2012 – Feb 2013 water samples were collected from three contrasting sites in North Wales: Llyn Conwy (“lake”) a natural oligotrophic drinking water reservoir, Nant-y-Brwyn (“stream”) a natural Stream outside the catchment of the reservoir but analogous to other upland streams within the area and four man-made drainage ditches (“ditches”) within the predominately peat catchment of Llyn Conwy. The results of this study demonstrate that the drainage ditches have the potential to contribute more carbon per unit volume of water to the oligotrophic Llyn Conwy than the natural stream feeding into Llyn Conwy (equivalent to Nant-y-Brwyn). Mean DOC values were 6.32 mg/L higher in the drainage ditches when compared to Llyn Conwy. However, there were no statistically significant differences in the propensity to form trihalomethanes between the sites (p > 0.05). Chapter 3: From March 2014 until September 2014 monthly water sampling was performed to compare the effect of drought on a discontinuous peat-accumulating wetland experimental site in mid-Wales, UK. Porewater samplers were installed at both the droughted and control sites. The results demonstrated that peatland exhibited reduced porewater DOC and phenolics concentrations and a shift in quality to lower molecular weight and less aromaticity. The mean DOC concentration of the control being 14.1 ± 0.77 mg/L and the drought being 11.9 ± 0.45 mg/L (F=4.93, p < 0.05). Despite this, a significant change in the mean standardised trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) values were not observed (p > 0.05). Chapter 4: Twenty peat cores were collected from two locations in North Wales in June 2013; 10 each from Migneint bog and Cors Erddreiniog fen. The Mignent is the largest blanket bog in North Wales and Cors Erddreiniog is the largest area of fen on the island of Anglesey. These peat cores were transferred to the laboratory and kept under controlled temperature and levels of water table over a period of 160 days. The results indicated is that artificially exposing peat cores to a drought treatment reduced DOC concentrations compared to control cores (DOC: mean of all controls (71.68 ± 53.30 mg/L), mean of all droughts (39.69 ± 38.66 mg/L)). The values determined for the correlated THMFP values were mean drought 57.75 ± 20.33 μg CHCl3/mg DOC and mean control 54.59 ± 23.63 μg CHCl3/mg DOC, but these differences were not significant Chapter 5: The effect of constructed wetlands on DOC characteristics and THMFP of water sample from Llyn Cefni were measured twice a month from 2014 until March 2015. It was concluded that in the wintertime the constructed wetland is having a positive impact on water quality of the reservoir because it is still sequestering some nitrate and phosphate, but also reducing the DOC concentration of the water flowing into the reservoir by 18% on average. Chapter 6: In order to investigate the effect of storage of water samples that contain THMs after disinfection treatment, samples were collected from two selected surface waters; Nant-y-Brwyn stream (oligotrophic) and Cefni reservoir (eutrophic) in North Wales, subject to experimental chlorination in the laboratory and then stored at 4°C and at room temperature for an 11 week period. The majority of the weekly measurements of the concentrations of key DBPs showed no statistical differences from the initial week 0 values, regardless of water source types or storage temperatures (p < 0.05).
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Medlock, Jolyon Matthew. "Impact of the creation, expansion and management of English wetlands on mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae)." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.686169.
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Introduction Recent global assessments of the impact of climate change have highlighted the current and future risks of increasing vector-borne disease incidence. The UK government has responded to climate change risks through various legislation and planning frameworks. Some of the main concerns include the need to mitigate storm surges, prevent inland and coastal flooding, provide sustainable urban drainage and expand defragmented wetlands to enhance biodiversity value. Wetlands provide a wealth of benefits for biodiversity, flood -risk management and human mental health. However they can harbour mosquito species of nuisance and/or disease vector concern. With the increasing trend in mosquito-borne disease in Europe this warrants further investigation. Aim This PhD aims to investigate the impact of the creation, expansion and management of three types of wetland (i.e. coastal, urban and arable reversion) on mosquitoes in England. Methods A range of sampling strategies were employed to investigate the impact of the creation, expansion and management of coastal, urban and arable reversion wetlands on mosquitoes. Aquatic dipping was used to survey immature mosquitoes, and mosquito magnet traps were used to survey adult mosquitoes. In a coastal environment, mosquito surveys were conducted during two visits by larval sampling at the eight largest coastal realignment sites on the Humber and in Essex. An urban wetland in Wiltshire was also studied over two years post construction, investigating the colonisation of mosquitoes at a range of urban wetland and sewage treatment habitats. Adult and pre-imaginal mosquito densities were also compared across a range of wetland types in the Cambridgeshire Fens to assess the relative roles of different seral stages of ecological succession. Studies were also conducted at Woodwalton Fen in Cambridgeshire to investigate the the impact of wetland management and expansion by arable reversion. This involved fortnightly larval sampling of a range of aquatic habitats and fortnightly (4 nights per week) adult trapping in six different wetland communities. Results The apparent absence of anopheline mosquitoes exploiting aquatic habitats at all of the coastal sites suggests that the risk of malaria associated with managed realignment sites is currently negligible. However, three of the eight sites supported populations of two nuisance and potential arboviral vector species, Aedes detritus and Aedes caspius. The aquatic habitats that supported mosquitoes resulted from specific design aspects of the new sea wall such as (a) an additional bank of ballast to mitigate wave action providing a linear habitat supporting significant numbers of mosquitoes, (b) constructed saline borrow ditches, excavated during construction, that receive brackish waters at spring high tides, with tidal waters collecting on vegetated banks in culverts with minimal tidal flushing and (c) isolated pools created through silt accretion or expansion of flooded zones to neighbouring pasture. In urban wetlands, Culex pipiensltorrentium dominated in temporary (pre-imaginal densities 33x higher than permanent wetlands) and vegetated (pre-imaginal densities 41 times higher than unvegetated) wetland habitats. The drying and re-wetting of habitats was significantly associated with Culex presence/abundance. In the sewage treatment reedbed, the stilling basin (i.e. sewage capture structure) accounted for >80% of all pre-imaginal mosquitoes collected during the study , with mean densities 80 times higher than all other wetland types. The presence of raw sewage and subsequent algal blooms is significant for high Culex densities.
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Green, Jeffrey. "Impact of pre-ozonation on distillery effluent degradation in a constructed wetland system." Thesis, Link to the Internet, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/631.
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Moloto, Makoma Johanna. "The quality of environmental impact reports for projects with the potential of affecting wetlands / Makoma Johannah Moloto." Thesis, North-West University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/952.
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Listed development activities, which may have a substantial detrimental effect on the environment
require an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). One of the important elements of the EIA
process is the submission of a scoping report and/or an environmental impact report (EIR) to the
relevant government department and to, specialist and interested and affected parties for review, in
order to determine whether the report is adequate and/or whether a greater quantity of information
is required before a decision for project approval can be made. Information available in the reports
to decision-makers with regard to developments with the potential of affecting wetlands can play a
significant role regarding the protection and/or destruction of wetlands. The acceptance of the
assessments reports after the authority review process depends, inter aha, upon the quality of the
report. However, the current DEAT guideline document on EIA regulations (DEAT, 1998a) does not
provide specific guidance to EIA practitioners in considering wetlands within the current EIA, nor
any guidance on what a good EIA should include for projects that have the potential of impacting
on wetlands, as observed with the World Bank guideline document on EIA and wetlands. Hence,
this study aimed at assessing the quality of the EIA assessment reports of four projects with the
potential of impacting on wetlands. The objectives of the study included the review by independent
reviewers of the quality of four-selected impact reports using a checklist, analysis of the review
process results and provision of recommendations to improve the quality of environmental impact
reports for projects with the potential of impacting on wetlands.
Based on the review results it is concluded that:
-The four reports were rated as satisfactory despite some omissions and/or inadequacies
observed.
-The identification and evaluation of impacts, which forms the core area of the EIA, process
was weakly performed.
-The review method is fairly robust and consistent/reliable.
The following were recommended:
-The availability for and use of a quality review checklist by EIA practitioners and
authorities as an additional tool to the EIA regulations (DEAT 1997), and the Integrated
Environmental Management series (DEAT, 2002) can further improve the quality of the
reports for projects with the potential of affecting wetlands.
-The availability for and use by EIA practitioners of a wetland review checklist will assist in
ensuring that all key aspects are addressed before submission to the relevant authority
i.e. the report is scientifically and technically sound; the report is clearly and coherently
organised and presented so that it can be understood and that it has addressed all the
important issues to make a decision about the proposed development. This will further
assist in fast-tracking the approval process usually delayed by the request of additional
information from the applicant as a result of inadequate reports.
-Regular use of the review checklist by EIA practitioners and authorities for ascertaining
the quality of the environmental impact reports will contribute to a baseline of EIR quality
for evaluation of Wetlands EIA practice under the new regulations due in 2005.Thesis (M. Environmental Management)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.
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King, Christian King. "The impact of surrounding anthropogenic land-use on morphological characteristics and plant diversity in wetlands throughout Ohio." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1543248579203378.
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Atkinson, Sean Thomas. "The impact of a climate dryness on multiscale biodiversity of freshwater macroinvertebrates in wetlands on a salinized landscape." Thesis, Atkinson, Sean Thomas (2019) The impact of a climate dryness on multiscale biodiversity of freshwater macroinvertebrates in wetlands on a salinized landscape. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2019. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/51566/.
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Across the globe, Mediterranean climatic regions are shifting to more arid climatic conditions. Climate change affects wetland water regimes through increasing temperatures, decreasing rainfall volumes and timing, changing regional wind patterns and increased evaporation rates. Invertebrates that rely on wetlands risk local extinction unless they have adaptations that can withstand prolonged periods of desiccation. Consequently, prolonged drying, and its effects on physicochemical conditions has the potential to reduce wetland biodiversity. In particular, dryland salinisation will exacerbate salinisation of wetlands. In this study, my aims were to: 1) Determine whether wetlands in the Western Australian Wheatbelt and Great Southern regions showed impacts of climatic drying on wetland water regime and water quality between 1998 and 2011; 2) Determine whether the alpha (local), beta (between wetlands) and gamma (regional) diversity of wetland invertebrates changed over this 13 year period as climatic drying progressed; and 3) Characterize the distribution of aquatic macrophyte assemblages in these wetlands and associate these with patterns in dormant invertebrate assemblages. Aquatic invertebrates and water quality parameters were collected from 17 wetlands in the Wheatbelt and Great Southern regions of Western Australia between 1998 and 2011. Multivariate statistical analyses were used to identify changes in alpha, beta and gamma aquatic invertebrate diversity, and examine patterns in water quality data from 1998 to 2011. Sediment was collected from 12 wetlands and flooded for two months to record emergent invertebrates and germinating macrophytes. Climatic drying caused the 17 wetlands to decline in depth and frequency of dry periods increased. Gamma and alpha richness declined across time, but beta diversity (among wetlands) remained consistently high as each wetland retained a distinct fauna. Salinity and average rainfall partially explained invertebrate richness and assemblage composition in wetlands. The inundation experiment showed few germinating macrophytes or hatching invertebrates: assemblages were too depauperate to establish relationships with other variables. Results support the conclusion that Wheatbelt and Great Southern region wetlands experienced changes in aquatic invertebrate assemblages due to drying water regimes. Western Australia is in an advanced state of climate drying compared to other Mediterranean regions. The results of this study will inform other Mediterranean regions of the biodiversity outcomes of long-term dryness in wetlands with distinct fauna.
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Brown, Alex. "Wetlands and drylands in prehistory : Mesolithic to Bronze Age human activity and impact in the Servern Estuary, southwest Britain." Thesis, University of Reading, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.421620.
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Creuzer, Jessica Christine. "Estimating the Impact to Wetlands in Western North Dakota From Dust and Road Use Increases Due to Energy Development." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/28242.
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Travel on gravel roads in western North Dakota has increased in recent years due mainly to energy development and little information exists on the impacts. This project?s objective was to compare high dust impact sites and low dust impact sites to determine the effects of road dust on wetlands. Four aspects were evaluated: 1) dust loading; 2) wetland condition and function; 3) water quality; and 4) trace element changes in the soil. Dust loading was measured utilizing dust collectors. Wetlands were assessed for condition using the Index of Plant Community Integrity and North Dakota Rapid Assessment Method and function using the Hydrogeomorphic model. Monthly water quality measurements were taken and yearly soil samples. Results show greater dust loading in the high impact sites than low impact sites and spatially closer to the road. Information from this study can be used by future land managers of wetlands affected by dust.
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Ventura, Robert E. "Wetlands and Greenhouse Gas Fluxes: Causes and Effects of Climate Change – A Meta-Analysis." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/107.
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Climate change is one of the largest problems facing this generation. Anthropogenically caused increases of greenhouse gas emissions is a significant culprit to this problem. Although the obvious problems such as cars, industry, and urbanism garnish a significant amount of the criticism, natural sources such as wetlands are also beginning to contribute to this issue. This is becoming increasingly significant as wetlands shift from being sinks of greenhouse gases to becoming sources as various anthropogenic impacts, including global warming itself, begin to affect the health of the wetlands. The aim of this project is to look at four common types of wetlands, being tropical mangroves, temperate coastal marshes, inland meadows, and subarctic peatlands, all located in different climactic areas of the world, and by doing a meta-analysis of available data of greenhouse gas production for each wetland type, observe how differences in their greenhouse gas production may contribute or be affected by climate change and global warming. Results of the meta-analysis revealed that the most significant production of the potent greenhouse gas nitrous oxide occurs in coastal wetlands such as tropical mangroves and coastal marshes, while the greenhouse gas methane is seen to be produced most in subarctic peatlands. These contributions of wetlands to global greenhouse gas production are not as significant as other anthropogenic contributions. However, subarctic wetlands contribute to more than half of the global methane emissions, and the most important aspect of wetland greenhouse gas production is that they are producing more greenhouse gases than they would normally be sequestering, contributing more than the basic greenhouse gas production data can display. Global climate changes such as temperature increase and sea level rise could also make these levels of greenhouse gas production become worse, although measures to decrease the effects of this such as regulations on anthropogenic nitrogen input, macrophyte presence, and prevention of peat burning.
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Tippett, Mark Donovan. "Impacts of timber harvesting on soil physical properties in wetlands." Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09292009-020154/.
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Flores, Nicole Leiann. "Impact Assessment of Natural Resource Management Policy Research: A case study of the contribution of the Sustainable Wetlands Adaptation and Mitigation Project to the effectiveness of the Indonesian Forest Moratorium." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71894.
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The complexity of interactions that inform policy-making poses several challenges to evaluating the impact of policy research. Two key obstacles to policy-oriented research impact assessment (PORIA) are determining the degree of influence that can be claimed by a knowledge-generating entity and quantifying the impact of a policy-oriented research program. This thesis builds upon prior PORIA efforts to develop a framework for the evaluation of the impact of the Sustainable Wetlands Adaptation and Mitigation Program (SWAMP), an environmentally-focused, policy-oriented research project led by the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR). We examine a case study of the Indonesian Forest Moratorium policy to determine the policy's impact on emissions from peat deforestation. Results indicate that the policy has been largely ineffective in decreasing deforestation to date and has in fact been associated with increased deforestation above business-as-usual trends. Nevertheless, our analysis shows that if the moratorium were to achieve full protection, Indonesia could avoid the release of 10 - 20 million tons of carbon dioxide over the next 15 years, which corresponds to a mean social value of $402 - 805 million using a $40/ton social cost of carbon. With SWAMP's timely knowledge generation on tropical wetland carbon dynamics we estimate that $4.03 - 40.26 million of these social benefits can be attributed to CIFOR. Furthermore, through its involvement in the IPCC Wetlands Supplement and the Blue Carbon Initiative, SWAMP stands to positively influence outcomes of the 45 billion tons of carbon stored in non-Indonesian tropical peatlands and the global extent of mangroves, further increasing the impact of CIFOR.Master of Science
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Wagner, Katrin Xin Xin [Verfasser]. "Impact Assessment of Land-Use Change and Agricultural Treatments on Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Wetlands of Uganda and Tanzania / Katrin Xin Xin Wagner." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1206417641/34.
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Armandine, Les Landes Antoine. "Impact des variations climatiques sur les ressources hydrogéologiques." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S101/document.
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Les eaux souterraines représentent environ 98% des eaux douces potentiellement disponibles pour l'homme sur notre planète, en faisant donc une ressource fondamentale de nos sociétés. Du fait du changement climatique et du fort lien existant entre le climat et le cycle de l'eau, une préoccupation légitime est née concernant l'impact potentiel de ce changement climatique sur les ressources en eau. À ce jour, des évidences de plus en plus nombreuses appuient le fait que les modifications des conditions climatiques se répercutent sur le cycle hydrologique. L'identification de la sensibilité des eaux souterraines aux variations climatiques est donc devenue indispensable. Or, le climat est un système hautement complexe dont les variations, contrôlées par de nombreux facteurs à la fois naturels et anthropiques s'effectuent sur toutes les échelles de temps. Les modifications climatiques ne sont donc pas un phénomène nouveau, les eaux souterraines ont par conséquent subi dans le passé les effets de ces variations climatiques, elles en subissent actuellement les changements et subiront celles à venir. Les travaux développés dans cette thèse ont abordé cette problématique visant à caractériser la sensibilité de la ressource en souterraine face aux variations climatiques. À l'aide de l'analyse de traceurs environnementaux à l'échelle régionale, les impacts d'évènements climatiques majeurs intervenus sur les derniers millions d'années (transgression marine et période glaciaire) sont mis en évidence au sein du système hydrogéologique actuel. Puis, à l'aide de modélisation hydrogéologique, l'impact du changement climatique est étudié à travers les relations particulières existantes entre l'eau souterraine et les compartiments de surface et l'océan. Toutes ces études mettent en avant la sensibilité de la ressource en eau souterraine aux variations climatiques en termes de qualité (salinisation) et de quantité (baisse des niveaux d'eau). Les ressources hydrogéologiques sont particulièrement sensibles aux variations climatiques et hydrologiques (modifications de recharge, intrusions eau de mer…) ainsi qu'aux facteurs non climatiques (activités humaines). La gestion de cette ressource nécessite donc de considérer à la fois les risques climatiques et non climatiques ainsi que de prendre en compte l'adaptation à long terme de ces systèmesGroundwater resources represent approximately 98% of global freshwater resources available for humans on our planet; therefore groundwater is fundamental resource of our societies. Due to climate change and strong link between climate and the cycle of water, an understandable concern is appeared about the potential impacts of climate change on water resources. Nowadays, growing body of evidence supports the fact that changes in climatic conditions (temperature, precipitation, evaporation…) impact the hydrologic cycle and consequently groundwater resources. The identification of groundwater sensibility to climate variations has become essential. The climate is a highly complex system where its variations drive by many factors both natural and human occurs on all time scales. Climatic changes are not a new phenomenon, groundwater resources have already been impacted by effects of climatic variations, are impacting presently and will be in the future. The work carried out under this thesis covered this problematic to characterize the groundwater resources sensibility to climate variations. With the help of environmental tracers analyzed at the regional scale, impacts of major climate events occurred since the last millions years (marine transgression and glacial period) have been identified in the current hydrogeologic system. Then, support by hydrogeological modeling the impact of climate change has been studied through the specific relationships between groundwater and surface water bodies and ocean. All these studies highlight the important sensibility of groundwater resources to climate variations in terms of quality (salinization) and quantity (lower water levels). Hydrogeological resources are particularly sensitive to climate and hydrological variations (recharge changes, seawater intrusion…), as well as to non-climatic factors (human activities). Thus groundwater resources management needs to consider both climatic and non-climatic risks and the long-term adaptation of these systems
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Angell, Joseph A. "Analysis of direct and indirect impact costs attributed to the wetlands regulatory programs of the local, state and federal governments of the United States." Thesis, Springfield, Virginia: Available from National Technical Information Service, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/27952.
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Guénet, Hélène. "Impact des associations fer-matière organique sur la dynamique de l'arsenic." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S065/document.
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La pollution en As dans le monde et son impact sont tels qu'il est essentiel de comprendre les processus de contrôle de sa dynamique, notamment dans les zones humides identifiées comme source potentielle. L'objectif de cette thèse a été d'étudier les produits de réoxydation du sol d'une zone humide et la spéciation associée de l'As. La spéciation de l'As a tout d'abord été étudiée dans les produits d'oxydation collectés dans un sol de zone humide (Naizin-Kervidy, France). Les analyses en spectroscopie d'absorption aux RX (XAS) ont montré que l'As était partiellement oxydé. La persistance de l'As (III) a été expliquée par le contrôle de la MO sur les phases de Fe porteuses de l'As, responsables de son oxydation. Le Fe forme des nano-oxydes, des petits polymères, et monomères de Fe complexés aux molécules organiques ce qui limite la densité de sites oxydants. Une deuxième partie a portée sur les produits de réoxydation avant agrégation. Les composants particulaires, colloïdaux et solubles ont été fractionnés et les éléments associés déterminés (XAS, HPLC-ICP-MS, THM-GC-MS). L'As est majoritairement sous forme d'As(V) inorganique et organique (DMA et arsénobétaine). Ces dernières sont produites des processus biologiques de détoxification. La fraction riche en nano-oxydes, petits polymères/monomères de Fe liés à la MO est très réactive vis-à-vis de l'As. La composition de la MO varie, d'une MO d'origine végétale moins complexante dans les grosses fractions elle passe à de la MO humique très complexante favorisant la formation de petites structures de Fe. Un bilan de masse montre que 90 % de l'As est présent dans les fractions particulaires très peu mobiles. La fraction colloïdale Fe-MO est critique car les concentrations en As sont substantielles et elle est facilement mobilisable. Les agrégats Fe-MO contrôlent donc la mobilité de l'As en solution et il est essentiel de mieux appréhender l'influence de la structure physique sur les processus d'adsorption de l'As. Des agrégats Fe/MO ont été synthétisés pour des rapports croissants Fe/MO. Le Fe forme des agrégats fractals. Une bille primaire constitue des agrégats intermédiaires qui eux-mêmes forment des agrégats secondaires. Ces derniers sont constitués d'une partie Fe et d'une partie MO qui correspond à un agrégat sphérique dense. Avec l'augmentation du ratio Fe/MO, la taille des composantes Fe et MO augmentent et la structure des gros agrégats devient moins dense suite à l'augmentation des forces de répulsion entre les agrégats intermédiaires. Le recouvrement de la MO sur les agrégats de Fe diminue. Ces changements de structure permettent d'augmenter l'adsorption de l'As car la disponibilité des sites de sorption augmentent. Ces résultats sont intéressants à mettre en perspective avec les solutions naturelles où les rapports Fe/OC varient temporellement et spatialementRegards to the extent of the As pollution in the world and its impact on human health, the processes controlling its dynamic had to be investigated, especially in wetlands, recently recognized as potential As source for groundwater. The objective of this work was to study the oxidation products of a wetland and the associated As speciation. In a first part, natural oxidation products collected in a wetland soil (Naizin-Kervidy, France) were studied. The solids analyzed by XAS showed that As was partially oxidized. The As (III) persistence was explained by the control exercised by MO on the Fe bearing phases of As responsible also for its oxidation. Iron formed nano-oxides, small polymers or monomers complexed to organic molecules. The small size of Fe phases limits the density of the As oxidizing sites. In the second part, the reoxidation products before their aggregation in soil were studied. Particulate, colloid and soluble fractions and their associated elements were analyzed by XAS, HPLC-ICP-MS, THM-GC-MS. The As was predominantly as inorganic As (V) and organic As (V) (Arsenobetaine and DMA) the latter being produced by biological detoxification process. The fraction enriched in Fe nano-oxides or small polymers/monomers bound to the OM was highly reactive against As. The composition of the OM varied from fresh vegetal and less complexing OM in particulate fraction to humic and highly complexing OM in lower fractions. In mass proportion, more than 90% of As was in the few mobile particulate fractions. The colloidal fraction remained however critical regards its substantial As concentration and its strong mobility potential. The Fe-OM aggregates seem to control As dynamics in solution, studying the influence of the aggregate structure on the As sorption processes is therefore critical. Aggregates of Fe/OM at increasing Fe/OM ratio were synthetized. Iron forms fractal aggregates. Primary beads formed intermediate aggregates (both being bound to diffuse organic molecules), themselves forming (or not) larger secondary aggregates. This latter was composed of a Fe part corresponding to the aggregated intermediate aggregates and an OM part organized as a spherical dense aggregate. With the increasing Fe/OM ratio, Fe and OM part increased and large aggregates become less dense with the increasing repulsion forces between each intermediate aggregates. The coating of the OM on Fe intermediate aggregates within the secondary aggregates decreased. These structural changes led to an increase of the As binding in response to the increasing availability of the binding site
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Carlander, Anneli. "Assessment of microbial health hazards associated with wastewater application to willow coppice, coniferous forest and wetland systems /." Uppsala : Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://epsilon.slu.se/200629.pdf.
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Zoete, Toivo. "Conservation of wetland functions in an environment of regional growth and change : melaleuca quinquenervia in the Moreton region of South-East Queensland." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1997.
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Boucher, Rachel Emeline. "Adaptive water governance and community resilience: Assessing the impact of the Cache River Wetlands Joint Venture Partnership on communities in the Cache River Watershed of southern Illinois." OpenSIUC, 2018. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2379.
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Resilience is a concept that is becoming heavily researched in the sustainability and resource management literature. For rural resource-dependent communities, community resilience is the ability to adapt to various drivers of change while maintaining or enhancing community well-being. In recent decades, the field of water resource governance has been transitioning from a reliance on command-and-control institutional structures toward adaptive multi-level institutions, such as adaptive co-management and adaptive governance. These transitions offer potential opportunities for enhancing the resilience and sustainability of resource-dependent communities. However, the relationship between these emerging governance approaches and community resilience is not fully understood. The Cache River Watershed in southern Illinois offers an opportunity for further exploring these relationships. Designated as a Ramsar Wetland of International Importance due to its concentration of high-quality wetland habitat and high biodiversity, the Cache River Watershed is home to over 100 threatened or endangered species. In 1991, the Cache River Wetlands Joint Venture Partnership (CRWJVP) was formed to address various ecological crises in the watershed. While the CRWJVP has made significant progress in restoring and reforesting the corridor along the Cache River, the impact of these management efforts on the resilience of communities in the watershed has not been adequately analyzed. Using the Cache River Watershed as a case study, the purpose of this study was to assess the impacts of ongoing transitions in water governance on the resilience of resource-dependent communities. Based on a qualitative research approach, methods of data collection for this study consisted of key informant interviews, participant observations, and the review of documents. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using a deductive coding approach with the aid of NVivo software. The analysis of data on the general resilience attributes of the communities showed that the well-being and resilience of the communities were composed of multiple dimensions that could be represented by the capital assets framework. The results also indicated that the various dimensions of community resilience were dynamic rather than static, interacted with one another in complex ways, and were influenced by multiple drivers of change from the local to the global. The analysis of data on community participation in the governance of the watershed also revealed moderate to minimal levels of involvement. Barriers that were identified in the participation process comprised the lack of awareness and interest among some community members, as well as the lack of resources and opportunities for participation. Finally, the impacts of the CRWJVP management actions on community resilience were analyzed. Although most key informants reported positive impacts of the program on the communities’ natural capital, the impacts of the program on other dimensions of community resilience, such as physical capital and economic capital were largely perceived as negative. Key informants recommended the need for a consensus-building approach to managing ongoing conflicts in the watershed, as well as a broadening of the CRWJVP management agenda to include social considerations, such as tourism promotion and flood control. These results highlight the complexity of resource-dependent communities and the urgent need for a transition toward adaptive water governance for enhancing social and ecological resilience.
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Ndlala, Noluthando. "Remote sensing drought impacts on wetland vegetation productivity at the Soetendalsvlei in the Heuningnes Catchment, South Africa." University of Western Cape, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8329.
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>Magister Scientiae - MScThis work aimed at assessing the response of wetland vegetation productivity to the 2014-2017 climate-induced drought at the Soetendalsvlei wetland system in the Western Cape province of South Africa. To achieve this objective, firstly a literature review on the progress of remotely sensed data applications in assessing and monitoring wetland vegetation productivity was conducted. The review elaborates on the role of remote sensing in monitoring and assessing wetland vegetation productivity, with a detailed discussion of the climate change and variability impacts on wetland vegetation productivity. Accurate assessment results are produced when suitable processing techniques are selected as well as appropriate spatial and spectral resolution for extracting spectral information of wetland vegetation productivity. Secondly, wetland vegetation changes and productivity status was assessed using multi-temporal resolution Landsat series imagery and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) during the wet and dry seasons for the period between 2014 and 2018.
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Dech, Jeffery P. "Population establishment of Galerucella pusilla (Duft.) and G. calmariensis (L.) (Coleoptera, chrysomelidae) and their relative impact on the growth of Lythrum salicaria L. (Myrtiflorae: Lythraceae) in two central Ontario wetlands." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0009/MQ61258.pdf.
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Can?ado, Paulo Henrique Duarte. "Carrapatos de Animais Silvestres e Dom?sticos no Pantanal sul Mato-grossense (Sub-regi?o da Nhecol?ndia): Esp?cies, Hospedeiros e Infesta??es em ?reas de Manejos Diferentes." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2008. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/tede/826.
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This research is a study about the tick fauna of Pantanal wetlands, MS, Brazil. Evaluation of cattle-raising on ticks populations, a detailed study on tick feeding on feral pigs and a list of ticks witch are reported in the study area are included. The cattle-raising impact was evaluated by trapping free-living ticks using a CO2 tick-trap. The traps were distributed in two areas: protected area, and the Nhumirim Ranch. Both areas are contiguous and locate at sub-region of Nhecol?ndia (18?59 S and 56?39 W), Pantanal of Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil. In each area, four habitat types were selected: cerrado (tropical savanna), forest patches, lakes and soda lakes. The last two are temporary lagoons of fresh and salted water, respectively. A total of 980 nymphs, 613 adults and 13 larvae of ticks of the genus Amblyomma were collected in 256 hours of collection. In a pen of calves infested by Ornithodoros rostratus 114 specimens were collected in just two hours including larvae, nymphs and adults. Adults of A. cajennense and A. parvum were more abundant in the savanna at Nhumirim Ranch, but did not differ among habitat types at protected area. There was a tendency of having more nymphs in Nhumirim Ranch than in protected area. The second conduced experiment was the comparison of the tick fauna of feral pigs at dry and wet seasons. A total of 44 feral pigs were examined and the species found were A. cajennense, A. parvum e O. rostratus. More adult ticks were collected in the dry season. Ecological and epidemiological aspects were discussed. Feral pigs are introduced specie and the role of this mammal on amplifying Amblyomma cajennense is clear. O. rostratus seems to be accidental parasite of feral pigs. The last part is a commented list of species including collected data and scientific literature. Up to day 18 tick s specie are reported on Pantanal wetlands including Argasidae (two) and Ixodidae (16) tick s species. The main genus was Amblyomma and the same species founded on wildlife are present on domestic animals and humans.
A presente tese ? um estudo sobre o impacto da bovinocultura extensiva sobre a popula??o de carrapatos, e um levantamento da fauna de carrapatos da regi?o com um estudo detalhado sobre a ixodofauna do porco monteiro. Para o estudo de impacto da bovinocultura, foram utilizadas armadilhas de CO2, distribu?das em duas ?reas: Reserva Biol?gica e Fazenda Nhumirim. Ambas as ?reas s?o contiguas e est?o localizadas na sub-regi?o da Nhecol?ndia (18?59 S e 56?39 W). Em cada ?rea quatro tipos de habitat foram selecionados: cerrado, mata, baia e salina. Os dois ?ltimos s?o lagoas tempor?rias de ?gua doce e salobra, respectivamente. Na totalidade foram coletadas 980 ninfas, 613 adultos e 13 larvas de carrapatos do g?nero Amblyomma em 256 horas de coletas. Em um bezerreiro infestado por Ornithodoros rostratus, 114 exemplares, dentre larvas ninfas e adultos foram coletados em apenas duas horas de atividade. Adultos de A. cajennense e A. parvum foram mais abundantes no cerrado da Fazenda, mas n?o diferiram entre os tipos de habitat na Reserva Biol?gica. Existe uma tend?ncia para uma maior abund?ncia de ninfas de Amblyomma na Fazenda do que na Reserva Biol?gica. O outro estudo realizado comparou a fauna de carrapatos adultos dos porcos monteiros entre as esta??es, cheia e seca. Os carrapatos encontrados foram A. cajennense, A. parvum e O. rostratus. E foram encontrados mais carrapatos adultos na seca que na cheia, foi discutida a import?ncia eco-epidemiol?gica destas rela??es parasit?rias, principalmente em fun??o do Porco monteiro ser uma esp?cie introduzida na regi?o. O ?ltimo cap?tulo apresenta uma lista comentada que reuniu os dados coletados pelo autor bem como resultados publicados na literatura cient?fica. Nos dias de hoje, existe registro de 18 esp?cies de carrapatos inclu?do as fam?lias Argasidae (2) e Ixodidae (16). O g?nero mais comum foi Amblyomma e as mesmas esp?cies de carrapatos foram comuns para animais selvagens, dom?sticos e para o homem, o que constitui uma rede complexa e din?mica de hospedeiros e parasitas.
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Parker, Nathaniel Ryan. "Assessing the effectiveness of water sensitive urban design in Southeast Queensland." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2010. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/34119/1/Nathaniel_Parker_Thesis.pdf.
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Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) systems have the potential mitigate the hydrologic disturbance and water quality concerns associated with stormwater runoff from urban development. In the last few years WSUD has been strongly promoted in South East Queensland (SEQ) and new developments are now required to use WSUD systems to manage stormwater runoff. However, there has been limited field evaluation of WSUD systems in SEQ and consequently knowledge of their effectiveness in the field, under storm events, is limited. The objective of this research project was to assess the effectiveness of WSUD systems installed in a residential development, under real storm events. To achieve this objective, a constructed wetland, bioretention swale and a bioretention basin were evaluated for their ability to improve the hydrologic and water quality characteristics of stormwater runoff from urban development. The monitoring focused on storm events, with sophisticated event monitoring stations measuring the inflow and outflow from WSUD systems. Data analysis undertaken confirmed that the constructed wetland, bioretention basin and bioretention swale improved the hydrologic characteristics by reducing peak flow. The bioretention systems, particularly the bioretention basin also reduced the runoff volume and frequency of flow, meeting key objectives of current urban stormwater management. The pollutant loads were reduced by the WSUD systems to above or just below the regional guidelines, showing significant reductions to TSS (70-85%), TN (40-50%) and TP (50%). The load reduction of NOx and PO4 3- by the bioretention basin was poor (<20%), whilst the constructed wetland effectively reduced the load of these pollutants in the outflow by approximately 90%. The primary reason for the load reduction in the wetland was due to a reduction in concentration in the outflow, showing efficient treatment of stormwater by the system. In contrast, the concentration of key pollutants exiting the bioretention basin were higher than the inflow. However, as the volume of stormwater exiting the bioretention basin was significantly lower than the inflow, a load reduction was still achieved. Calibrated MUSIC modelling showed that the bioretention basin, and in particular, the constructed wetland were undersized, with 34% and 62% of stormwater bypassing the treatment zones in the devices. Over the long term, a large proportion of runoff would not receive treatment, considerably reducing the effectiveness of the WSUD systems.
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Paulsen, Sandra Silva. "Topics on the ecological economics of coastal zones : linking land uses, marine eutrophication, and fisheries /." Uppsala : Dept. of Economics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://epsilon.slu.se/200773.pdf.
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McLean, Victoria Lynne. "Carp Impacts on Diked Wetland Communities." The Ohio State University, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1392915387.
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Kennedy, Michael Patrick. "Predicting the impact of hydrological change on wetland vegetation." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2001. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3984/.
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During a three year field study (1997-2000) vegetation assemblages, collective vegetation variables, traits of dominant populations and hydrological and hydrochemical variables were repeat-sampled within seven wetland sites across Scotland and northern England. These ranged from the Irish Marshes, Inverness-shire in the north, to Tarn Moss, Cumbria at the southern extreme. Sampling was conducted at a total of fifty-six permanent sample stations located along a total of eleven transects. Vegetation groupings were defined using multivariate analyses, and were classified as various fen, mire, and swamp NVC community types. The various groups were characterised by the values for the range of variables measured, and significant differences were seen between a number of these variables for different groupings. In addition, certain separate groupings with the same community classification were also seen to have significant variations between them in terms of trophic status, and canopy height and biomass values. Collective vegetation variables and dominant population trait values were successfully predicted from physical and chemical variables measured within the groundwater and substrate during 1999. A number of specific models incorporating relatively large numbers of predictor variables were proposed alongside more general models incorporating fewer predictor variables. The greatest predictive power with R2 = 0.67 (p<0.001) for a model predicting stem density (m-2). Conversely, vegetation variables proved useful for predicting characteristics of the groundwater environment, for which specific and general models were against proposed. In this instance, the greatest predictive power was R2 = 0.79 (p<0.001) for a model predicting minimum water table level (i.e. maximum level of drawdown). The models were tested using data collected during 2000 from repeat sites and independent sites. Whilst some of the variables were predicted within noisy limits, predicted values generally corresponded well to observed values.
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Matavire, Melisa M. "Impacts of sugarcane farming on coastal wetlands of the north coast of Zululand, Kwadukuza, South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97121.
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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Wetlands are key to providing important ecosystem goods and services yet they are under threat from a number of anthropogenic activities. In particular, in this study area, agriculture in the form of sugarcane farming is a threat to wetlands as sugarcane is reliant on a good water supply. The impacts of sugarcane farming emanates from the fact that sugarcane is a mono crop that requires wetland resources and uses a lot of pesticides and fertilisers. Despite the assumed contribution of sugarcane farming to wetland loss and degradation, few studies have quantitatively assessed the spatio-temporal changes in wetland extent as well as changes in water quality because of this activity. This study assesses the impacts of sugarcane farming on wetland extent and water quality in two coastal wetlands of KwaDukuza, North coast of Zululand, South Africa. Specifically this study sought to (i) assess the impacts of sugarcane farming on the spatial extent of wetlands between 1959 and 2012, (ii) determine if sugarcane farming negatively affect water quality within the wetlands and (iii) evaluate the perceptions of local farmers regarding impacts of sugarcane farming on wetlands. Results of the study indicated an increase in the extent of Zinkwazi sugarcane fields from 62.3% to 67% between 1959 and 1989 and Nonoti sugarcane fields’ extent increased from 50.5 % to 56.4% between 1959 and 2000. The last decade from the year 2000 showed gradual decrease in the area of wetland farmed by sugarcane due to the global sugar price remaining static while the cost of farming inputs increased and due to conversion of some farms to urban developments. Unfortunately, this has not lead to an increase in wetland area as the waterfront type developments, as well as a formal settlement have replace the sugarcane in the wetlands. Water was analysed for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) and results for both Zinkwazi and Nonoti indicated an increasing trend of N and P from upstream to the middle region of the rivers and a decreasing trend of the N and P from the middle region to downstream. Sugarcane farming does not take place below the middle region and so does not provide fresh sources of these nutrients. The downstream area where the N and P decrease also coincides with the area of the river under tidal influence such that the N and P are being diluted by the incoming tidal seawater. K showed an increasing trend from upstream to downstream and its values were higher than N and P. Concentrations of N and P above the South African water quality guidelines for aquatic ecosystem were recorded in the middle region. Furthermore, farmers’ perceived wetlands to have been transformed to agricultural land and related these changes to their sugarcane farming activities. It can thus, be concluded that sugarcane farming has resulted in wetland loss as well as deterioration of water quality within the Zinkwazi and Nonoti wetlands in KwaDukuza. In that regard, there isneed to engage farmers in wetland management programs in order to reduce the negative environmental impacts associated with sugarcane farming in wetlands.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Vleilande is die sleutel tot die verskaffing van ‘n belangrike ekosisteem dienste, maar hulle is onder ‘n bedreiging deur 'n aantal menslike aktiwiteite. In besonder in hierdie studie area, is Argriculture in die vorm van suikerriet boerdery is bedraging vir vleilande, en suikerriet is afhanklik van 'n goeie watervoorraad. Ten spyte van die veronderstelde bydraes van suikerriet boerdery, is die vleiland aan die agteruitgang, 'n Paar studies het kwantitatief die tydruimtelike veranderinge in die vleiland, sowel as veranderinge in die gehalte van water as gevolg van hierdie aktiwiteit waargeneem. Spesifiek is hierdie studie gepoog om (i) te bepaal wat die impak van suikerriet boerdery op die ruimtelike omvang van die vleiland tussen 1959 en 2012 is, (ii) bepaal of suikerriet boerdery negatief beïnvloed is deur die gehalte van water in die vleilande en (iii) die persepsies van plaaslike boere rakende die evalueering en impak van suikerriet boerdery op die vleilande. Resultate van die studie het aangedui 'n toename in die omvang van Zinkwazi suikerriet velde van 62,3% tot 67% tussen 1959 en 1989, en die Nonoti suikerriet velde toegeneem het met 50,5% tot 56,4% tussen 1959 en 2000. Die laaste dekade van die jaar 2000 het geleidelike afname in die area van die vleilande getoon, omdat suikerriet as gevolg van die globale suiker prys die koste van boerdery-insette verhoog het, en dit het gelei tot die omskakeling van 'n paar plase na stedelike ontwikkelings. Ongelukkig het dit nie gelei tot 'n toename in die vleiland gebiede nie, met die gevolg die waterfront tipe ontwikkelings, asook 'n formele nedersetting, vervang die suikerriet in die vleilande. Water is ontleed vir N, P en K en resultate vir beide Zinkwazi en Nonoti, het aangedui 'n toenemende tendens van stikstof en Fosfor. Dit gaan stroomop na die middel-streek van die riviere en 'n dalende neiging van die N en P uit die middel streek stroomaf. Suikerriet boerdery vind nie plaas onder die middel streek nie, en so is daar nie vars bronne, wat van hierdie voedingstowwe verskaf nie. Die stroomaf gebied waar die N en P ‘n afname het, val ook saam met die gebied van die rivier onder die gety , en dit beinvloed sodanig dat die N en P se water verdun word deur die inkomende gety se seewater. K het 'n toenemende neiging van stroomop en stroomaf en sy waardes is hoër as van die N en P. Konsentrasies van N en P bo die Suid-Afrikaanse water standaard riglyne is in die middel streek aangeteken. Verder, beskou boere dat die vleilande behoort te verander om die landbougrond en verwante veranderinge aan hul suikerriet boerdery en aktiwiteite. Ons kan dus aflei dat suikerriet boerdery het gelei tot die vleiland se verlies asook die verandering in die watergehalte in die Zinkwazi en die Nonoti vleilande in KwaDukuza. In dié verband is dit nodig dat die boere in die vleiland by programme betrek word ten einde die negatiewe omgewingsimpakte wat met suikerriet boerdery gepaard gaan in vleilande te verminder.
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Fritz, Savannah Joy. "Change in Reference Condition Wetlands and Road Dust Impacts on Spider Mites." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/28698.
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Increased disturbance from agriculture and the changing climate in the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of North Dakota may cause shifts in vegetation on wetland systems as well as increases in spider mite populations on soybeans. Part of this study focuses on wetlands functioning at the highest ecological state, or reference condition. Wetland plants serve as a good indicator for assessing wetland condition. The past and present Floristic Quality Index scores at each wetland site were significantly different (p < 0.05), indicating that vegetation at reference wetlands have declined in condition. Increased agriculture also leads to an increase in road dust on soybean fields, which increases the population of spider mites. Three separate experiments were completed on contained plaster arenas. These experiments produced mixed results. Spider mites produced more eggs on dusted arenas (p < 0.05) in experiment one while experiment two and three yielded the opposite result.
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Goddard, Nathaniel L. "Bird Communities of Isolated Cypress Wetlands Along an Urban Gradient in Hillsborough County, Florida." Scholar Commons, 2010. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1643.
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Migratory bird communities are sensitive to landscape alteration. Urban development significantly impacts bird communities on breeding grounds, as well as en-route during migration. One current theory is that Neotropical migratory birds are not limited by breeding or wintering habitat constraints but by food and habitat availability along major migration routes. The eastern flyway is the route taken by neotropical land-birds through eastern North America that follows coastal areas denoted by intense urban development. Coastal areas funnel birds to major departure points along the northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico and the western coast of Florida.
Birds were monitored for 12 consecutive months along a decadal time gradient of urban development. Cypress domes are present through a broad scale of urban development in Hillsborough County creating ideal natural sampling units for long term monitoring of wetland bird communities in urban areas. Residential non-migratory bird communities were least influenced by development and did not change significantly with urban development. Neotropical and short-distance migratory birds, however, declined significantly for both richness and bird abundance with increased urban land cover. Migratory birds positively correlated with forested area at a spatial scale of 500 meters surrounding sites. Wintering migrants hit a critical point in development between 10 and 20 years of age, after which they disappeared. Neotropical migrants were most sensitive to declines significantly at sites classified as heavily degraded by the UMAM (Uniform Mitigation Assessment Method) a 'wetland integrity index'.
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Sampson, Shae-Lynn. "Response of wetlands to impacts from agricultural land-use practices: Implications for conservation, management, and rehabilitation in the Nuwejaars Catchment, Western Cape." University of the Western Cape, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8154.
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Magister Artium - MAWetlands occupy about 6% of the world’s surface and are fragile ecosystems that support a diversity of plants and animals. Wetlands are increasingly recognised for their role in the provision of ecosystem services and contribution to global biodiversity. Despite this, more than half of the world’s wetlands have vanished or been degraded, primarily due to agriculture. Wetlands are constantly adjusting to disturbances occurring within them and within their surrounding landscape. It is important to recognise to what extent various disturbances affect wetlands when assessing disturbance and impact, and when considering wetland protection options. The benefit of the detailed characterisation of the sub-catchments of the Nuwejaars catchment is deepened understanding of how different combinations of land-uses and soils impact catchment hydrology, and ultimately, the wetlands within the catchment
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Williamson, Jennifer Louise. "The impacts of elevated ozone on Plant vitality and carbon cycling in Wetlands." Thesis, Bangor University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.510274.
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Drinkard, Maureen Katherine. "IMPACTS OF A FLOOD PULSING HYDROLOGY ON PLANTS AND INVERTEBRATES IN RIPARIAN WETLANDS." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1342805313.
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Hopson, Adrienne M. "Impacts of Anthropogenic Noise on Aquatic Invertebrates in Wetland Habitats." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent15645874111271.
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Reed, Sharon Elizabeth. "Impact of macrophyte functional diversity on primary productivity and methane fluxes in wetland." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1407504662.
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Fortune, Faeeza. "The impact of climate change and climate variability on coastal wetland ecosystem dynamics." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6666.
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Magister Artium - MAThis thesis investigates the influence of climate change and climatic variability on wetland ecosystems (coastal and inland wetlands) on the Agulhas coastal plain. Firstly, this research examines coastal wetland ecosystem resilience to sea level rise by modelling sea level rise trajectories for the Droё River wetland. The rate of sediment accretion was modelled relative to IPCC sea level rise estimates for multiple RCP scenarios. For each scenario, inundation by neap and spring tide and the 2-, 4- and 8-year recurrence interval water level was modelled over a period of 200 years. When tidal variation is considered, the rate of sediment accretion exceeds rising sea levels associated with climate change, resulting in no major changes in terms of inundation. When sea level rise scenarios were modelled in conjunction with the recurrence interval water levels, flooding of the coastal wetland was much greater than current levels for the 1 in 4 and 1 in 8 year events. The study suggests that for this wetland, variability of flows may be a key factor contributing to wetland resilience. Secondly, the thesis examines the variability of open wetland water surface areas and their relation to rainfall to determine wetland hydrological inputs for the Nuwejaars wetland system and respective wetlands. A remote sensing approach was adopted, Landsat 5 TM and 8 OLI multispectral imagery were used to detect changes of water surfaces for the period 1989 to 2017. Water surfaces were enhanced and extracted using the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index of Xu (2006). The coefficient of variation of wetland water surface area was determined. The variability ranges from low to high for respective wetlands. A correlation analysis of wetland water surfaces and local and catchment rainfall for the preceding 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 months was undertaken. The preceding month and associated inputs explains the annual variability of surface waters. The study suggests that, the variability of wetland water surface area are related to variations to water inputs and groundwater, as well as variations in water outputs such as evapotranspiration and an outlet channel.
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Cheng, Yiwei. "Impacts of self-organizing mechanism and topography on wetland ecosystem dynamics." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47705.
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Understanding the first order controls over resource cycling and limitation in ecosystems is critical for predicting ecosystem response to disturbances. Topography and vegetation self-organizing mechanisms are first order controls over resource fluxes across the landscape. Topography controls downslope flow of resources (i.e water and nutrients). Through spatial feedbacks, vegetation is able to actively modify its environment and maximize resource flows towards it. To date, the impacts of these controls on ecosystem dynamics have mostly been investigated separately. As such, there is a knowledge gap in the understanding of how these first order controls together dictate the dynamics of the ecosystem. This dissertation aims to gain a better understanding of how self-organizing mechanisms and topography operate together to affect wetland ecosystem dynamics.
A spatially explicit, wetland vegetation patterning model that includes for both vegetation self-organizing control and topographic control is developed (Nutrient Depletion Model, NDM). The model describes a scale dependent feedback between vegetation, transpiration and nutrient accumulation that drives the formation of vegetation patterns. The model is applied to investigate the effects of topography and self-organizing mechanisms on form and orientation of vegetation patterns and vegetation growth dynamics of wetland ecosystems. Results show that the two first order controls synergistically impact the formation of the various patterns as observed in wetland ecosystems. Results also show the following: (1) Self-organizing mechanisms result in a more efficient retention of resources, which result in higher biomass in the model that include for both self-organizing mechanism and topographic control (SO+TC) than in the model that that includes only for topographic control (TC). (2) However, when resources or topographic gradients increase or annual rainfall decrease, the vegetation growth dynamics of the TC+SO and TC models converge. The NDM is applied to arctic Alaska to investigate how do the two first order controls impact present and future C-N dynamics of an arctic ecosystem. Simulation results show no significant difference in the dynamics between the SO+TC model and the TC model. The climate change simulation results suggest that changes in daily variability of temperature and precipitation can impact ecosystem dynamics as much as the changes in mean temperature and precipitation.
Results from this dissertation provide a more complete picture on the relative roles of the two first order controls over ecosystem nutrient cycling and vegetative growth dynamics. Finally, in this thesis, in order to simulate small-scale feedbacks over large spatial domains, the NDM is implemented in a GPU computing language, which accelerates computational simulation by at least two orders of magnitude. These tools for grid-based simulations can provide a platform for using GPUs in other areas of scientific investigation.
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House, A. R. "Ecohydrological impacts of climate change on a riparian chalk valley wetland." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2016. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1498770/.
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This thesis assesses the impacts of climate change on the CEH River Lambourn Observatory, Boxford, UK. This comprises a 10 ha chalk valley, riparian wetland and 600 m of the River Lambourn, designated for its conservation value and scientific interest. A field campaign targeted knowledge gaps in previous research to enable development of a conceptual model of hydrological functioning. The physically based, distributed model MIKE SHE was chosen to simulate hydrology due to flexibility in process representation and proven applicability to wetland hydrology. Model results were consistent with field observations and confirmed the conceptual model. Findings showed that groundwater/surface-water interaction dominates hydrological processes. Channel head boundaries broadly control water levels across the wetland. Areas of groundwater upwelling control discrete head elevations and contain high concentrations of nitrate. These support confined growth of Carex paniculata surrounded by poor fen communities in reducing higher-phosphate waters. In-channel macrophyte growth and its management through cutting acutely affect water levels. Impacts of climate change were assessed by driving the MIKE SHE model with projected changes in hydrometeorological inputs for the 2080s, derived from UKCP09. Areas of groundwater upwelling caused amplified response of water levels at distinct locations. Simulated water levels were linked to requirements of the MG8 plant community and Desmoulin’s whorl snail (Vertigo moulinsiana). Impacts on each differed spatially, in line with hydrological impacts. The PHABSIM habitat modelling methodology was modified to assess river habitat response for brown trout (Salmo trutta), using outputs from the 1D hydraulic component of MIKE SHE, MIKE 11. Reductions in habitat availability were pronounced through periods of low flows, more so for adult than juvenile trout. Different hydrological requirements for species in distinct areas of the site support separate management strategies. Multiple objective management may be achieved through adaptive modification of the current management regime.