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Journal articles on the topic 'Impact of ionizing radiation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 30 May 2022

Last updated: 31 May 2022

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1

Götberg, Y., S. E. de Mink, J. H. Groh, C. Leitherer, and C. Norman. "The impact of stars stripped in binaries on the integrated spectra of stellar populations." Astronomy & Astrophysics 629 (September 2019): A134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834525.

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Stars stripped of their envelopes from interaction with a binary companion emit a significant fraction of their radiation as ionizing photons. They are potentially important stellar sources of ionizing radiation, however, they are still often neglected in spectral synthesis simulations or simulations of stellar feedback. In anticipating the large datasets of galaxy spectra from the upcoming James Webb Space Telescope, we modeled the radiative contribution from stripped stars by using detailed evolutionary and spectral models. We estimated their impact on the integrated spectra and specifically on the emission rates of H I-, He I-, and He II-ionizing photons from stellar populations. We find that stripped stars have the largest impact on the ionizing spectrum of a population in which star formation halted several Myr ago. In such stellar populations, stripped stars dominate the emission of ionizing photons, mimicking a younger stellar population in which massive stars are still present. Our models also suggest that stripped stars have harder ionizing spectra than massive stars. The additional ionizing radiation, with which stripped stars contribute affects observable properties that are related to the emission of ionizing photons from stellar populations. In co-eval stellar populations, the ionizing radiation from stripped stars increases the ionization parameter and the production efficiency of hydrogen ionizing photons. They also cause high values for these parameters for about ten times longer than what is predicted for massive stars. The effect on properties related to non-ionizing wavelengths is less pronounced, such as on the ultraviolet continuum slope or stellar contribution to emission lines. However, the hard ionizing radiation from stripped stars likely introduces a characteristic ionization structure of the nebula, which leads to the emission of highly ionized elements such as O2+ and C3+. We, therefore, expect that the presence of stripped stars affects the location in the BPT diagram and the diagnostic ratio of O III to O II nebular emission lines. Our models are publicly available through CDS database and on the STARBURST99 website.

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2

Kuznetsov, P. A., A. S. Olenev, L. S. Dzhokhadze, and O. M. Seliverstova. "Impact of ionizing radiation on the fetus." Rossiiskii vestnik akushera-ginekologa 18, no. 5 (2018): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17116/rosakush20181805132.

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3

Bennardo, Luigi, Maria Passante, Norma Cameli, Antonio Cristaudo, Cataldo Patruno, Steven Paul Nisticò, and Martina Silvestri. "Skin Manifestations after Ionizing Radiation Exposure: A Systematic Review." Bioengineering 8, no. 11 (October 22, 2021): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering8110153.

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Morphological and functional skin alterations secondary to the action of ionizing radiation are well documented. In addition to its application in the medical field, ionizing radiation represents a public health problem for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes due to the potential risk of exposure to unexpected events, such as nuclear accidents or malicious acts. With regard to the use of ionizing radiations in the medical field, today, they constitute a fundamental therapeutic method for various neoplastic pathologies. Therefore, the onset of adverse skin events induced by radiation represents a widespread and not negligible problem, affecting 95% of patients undergoing radiotherapy. A systematic literature search was performed from July 2021 up to August 2021 using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases. Articles were screened by title, abstract and full text as needed. A manual search among the references of the included papers was also performed. This systematic review describes the various skin reactions that can arise following exposure to ionizing radiation and which significantly impact the quality of life, especially in cancer patients.

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4

Kanter, D. J., M. B. O'Brien, X. H. Shi, T. Chu, T. Mishima, S. Beriwal, M. W. Epperly, P. Wipf, J. S. Greenberger, and Y. Sadovsky. "The impact of ionizing radiation on placental trophoblasts." Placenta 35, no. 2 (February 2014): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.placenta.2013.12.011.

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5

Vepsäläinen, Antti P., Amir H. Karamlou, John L. Orrell, Akshunna S. Dogra, Ben Loer, Francisca Vasconcelos, David K. Kim, et al. "Impact of ionizing radiation on superconducting qubit coherence." Nature 584, no. 7822 (August 26, 2020): 551–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2619-8.

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6

Evans, Katherine M., Jenna Bodmer, Bryce Edwards, James Levins, Amanda O’Meara, Merima Ruhotina, Richard Smith, et al. "An Exploratory Analysis of Public Awareness and Perception of Ionizing Radiation and Guide to Public Health Practice in Vermont." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/476495.

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Exposure to ionizing radiation has potential for acute and chronic health effects. Within the general public of the United States, there may be a discrepancy between perceived and actual health risks. In conjunction with the Vermont Department of Health, a survey designed to assess public perception and knowledge of ionizing radiation was administered at 6 Vermont locationsn=169. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were conducted. Eighty percent of respondents underestimated the contribution of medical imaging tests to total ionizing radiation exposure. Although only thirty-nine percent of participants were confident in their healthcare professional’s knowledge of ionizing radiation, most would prefer to receive information from their healthcare professional. Only one-third of individuals who received a medical imaging test in the past year were educated by their healthcare professional about the risks of these tests. Those who tested their home for radon were twice as likely to choose radon as the greatest ionizing radiation risk to self. Although respondents had an above-average education level, there were many misperceptions of actual risks of exposure to ionizing radiation, particularly of medical imaging tests. Educating healthcare professionals would therefore have a profound and positive impact on public understanding of ionizing radiation.

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7

rezaiekahkhaie, sakine, and Khadije Rezaie Keikhaie. "The Role of Ionizing Radiation in Cellular Signaling Pathways, Mutagenesis, and Carcinogenesis." International Journal of Basic Science in Medicine 3, no. 4 (January 13, 2019): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/ijbsm.2018.26.

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One of the negative effects of ionizing radiation is the alteration of cellular signaling pathways which lead to carcinogenesis and tumorigenesis. In this review, we discussed the impacts of ionizing radiation on cells and cellular signaling pathways. In this regard, exposure to radiation can directly or indirectly alter cellular signaling pathways. Remarkably, irradiated cells release special mediators into cellular matrix, aberrating cell-cell and cell-environment interactions. Most notably, these mediators include nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and cell growth factors which contribute to cellular interactions between irradiated cells and their neighbor cells, a phenomenon known as radiation-induced bystander effect. DNA molecule is the most important cellular compartment damaged by ionizing radiation. On the other hand, the ability of irradiated cells to repair the damaged DNA is very low. Therefore, DNA alternations are passed to the next generations, and ultimately lead to carcinogenesis. The study of ionizing radiations and their impacts on biological systems is of remarkable importance to divulge their impacts on cellular signaling pathways.

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8

Ning, Bingxu, Zhiyuan Hu, Zhengxuan Zhang, Zhangli Liu, Ming Chen, Dawei Bi, and Shichang Zou. "The impact of total ionizing radiation on body effect." Microelectronics Journal 42, no. 12 (December 2011): 1396–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mejo.2011.09.004.

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9

Tamuliene, Jelena, Liudmila Romanova, Vasyl Vukstich, Alexander Papp, Laura Baliulyte, and Alexander Snegursky. "The impact of low-energy ionizing radiation on glutamine." International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 444 (October 2019): 116185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2019.116185.

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10

Pohle, Sebastian, Raoul Ernst, Colin MacKenzie, Martin Spicher, Thomas Romig, Andrew Hemphill, and Stephan Gripp. "Echinococcus multilocularis: The impact of ionizing radiation on metacestodes." Experimental Parasitology 127, no. 1 (January 2011): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2010.07.006.

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11

Karam, L. R., and G. Ratel. "Consultative committee on ionizing radiation: Impact on radionuclide metrology." Applied Radiation and Isotopes 109 (March 2016): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.11.085.

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12

Gonzalez-Velo, Yago, Arshey Patadia, Hugh J. Barnaby, and Michael N. Kozicki. "Impact of radiation induced crystallization on programmable metallization cell electrical characteristics and reliability." Faraday Discussions 213 (2019): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8fd00125a.

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13

Zhu, Aiping, Hongning Zhou, Corinne Leloup, Stephen A. Marino, Charles R. Geard, Tom K. Hei, and Howard B. Lieberman. "Differential Impact of MouseRad9Deletion on Ionizing Radiation-Induced Bystander Effects." Radiation Research 164, no. 5 (November 2005): 655–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1667/rr3458.1.

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14

Vepsäläinen, Antti P., Amir H. Karamlou, John L. Orrell, Akshunna S. Dogra, Ben Loer, Francisca Vasconcelos, David K. Kim, et al. "Author Correction: Impact of ionizing radiation on superconducting qubit coherence." Nature 586, no. 7827 (September 12, 2020): E8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2754-2.

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15

Harel, Ran. "Hazards of Ionizing Radiation and Its Impact on Neurosurgical Practice." World Neurosurgery 86 (February 2016): 42–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2015.09.092.

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16

Hadelsberg, Uri P., and Ran Harel. "Hazards of Ionizing Radiation and its Impact on Spine Surgery." World Neurosurgery 92 (August 2016): 353–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2016.05.025.

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17

Puukila, Stephanie, Jennifer A. Lemon, Simon J. Lees, T. C. Tai, Douglas R. Boreham, and Neelam Khaper. "Impact of Ionizing Radiation on the Cardiovascular System: A Review." Radiation Research 188, no. 4.2 (October 2017): 539–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1667/rr14864.1.

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18

York, Jason M., Neil A. Blevins, Daryl D. Meling, Molly B. Peterlin, Daila S. Gridley, Keith A. Cengel, and Gregory G. Freund. "The biobehavioral and neuroimmune impact of low-dose ionizing radiation." Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 26, no. 2 (February 2012): 218–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2011.09.006.

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19

Girard-Perier, Nina, Samuel Dorey, Sylvain R. A. Marque, and Nathalie Dupuy. "Mapping the scientific research on the ionizing radiation impacts on polymers (1975–2019)." e-Polymers 21, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 770–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2021-0065.

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Abstract A bibliometric approach allowed us to study the global research trend on the impact of ionizing irradiations on polymers from 1975 to 2019. The investigation revealed 1,015 publications with growing interest since 1990. The research is split into three main categories: polymer science, nuclear science technology, and chemistry physical. The three main ionizing irradiations studied in this research are gamma, electron beam, and X-ray irradiations. The impact of ionizing irradiations on polymers under gamma irradiation is the most commonly studied field with 578 publications among the 1,015 publications. Electron beam irradiation is the second most studied field followed by X-ray irradiation. Whatever the irradiation modalities, publications focus on material degradation and material improvement studies.

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20

Nykolaichuk, Roksolana P., Oleksandr S. Fedoruk, and Volodymyr V. Vizniuk. "IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON MALE REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH." Wiadomości Lekarskie 73, no. 5 (2020): 1011–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek202005132.

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The aim of our work was to make analysis of world literature that develops a problem of impact of environment on male reproductive health. Materials and methods: We analyzed the bibliography available, until January 2020, about influence of different exogenic factors on male reproductive system. Conclusions: The biggest influence of ionizing radiation on mankind was reached after two big catastrophes: Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in April 1986 and an accident on the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in March 2011. However, impact of ionizing radiation on male reproductive in literature still remains controversy that needs more detailed study. Lead influences on such sperm parameters, as sperm morphology, count, motility, semen volume. So, specific attention should be paid to the type of work routinely performed by man. Another one environmental factor that has negative influence is a heat. It effects on sperm morphology and motility.

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21

Gramatyka, Michalina, Agnieszka Skorupa, and Maria Sokół. "Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy reveals metabolic changes in living cardiomyocytes after low doses of ionizing radiation." Acta Biochimica Polonica 65, no. 2 (July 8, 2018): 309–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.2018_2568.

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Several lines of evidence indicate that exposure of heart to ionizing radiation increases the risk of cardiotoxicity manifested by heart dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases. It was initially believed that the heart is an organ relatively resistant to radiation. Currently, however, it is suspected that even low doses of radiation (< 2 Gy) may have a negative impact on the cardiovascular system. Cardiotoxicity of ionizing radiation is associated with metabolic changes observed in cardiac cells injured by radiation. In this study we used human cardiomyocytes as a model system, and studied their metabolic response to radiation using high resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance techniques (HR MAS NMR). Cultured in vitro human cardiomyocytes were exposed to ionizing radiation and their survival was assessed by clonogenic assay. Changes in apoptosis intensity and cell cycle distribution after irradiation were measured as well. NMR spectra of cardiomyocytes were acquired using Bruker Avance 400 MHz spectrometer at a spinning rate of 3200 Hz. Survival of cardiomyocytes after NMR experiments was assessed by the Trypan blue exclusion assay. Exposure of cardiomyocytes to small doses of ionizing radiation had no effect on cell proliferation potential and intensity of cell death. However, analysis of metabolic profiles revealed changes in lipids, threonine, glycine, choline, valine, isoleucine, glutamate, reduced glutathione and taurine metabolism. The results of this study show that ionizing radiation affects metabolic profiles of cardiomyocytes even at low doses, which potentially have no effect on cell viability.

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22

Georgakilas, Alexandros G. "Role of DNA Damage and Repair in Detrimental Effects of Ionizing Radiation." Radiation 1, no. 1 (October 22, 2020): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/radiation1010001.

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Ionizing radiation (IR) is considered a traditional mutagen and genotoxic agent. Exposure to IR affects in all cases biological systems and living organisms from plants to humans mostly in a pernicious way. At low (<0.1 Gy) and low-to-medium doses (0.1–1 Gy), one can find in the literature a variety of findings indicating sometimes a positive-like anti-inflammatory effect or detrimental-like toxicity. In this Special Issue and in general in the current research, we would like to acquire works and more knowledge on the role(s) of DNA damage and its repair induced by ionizing radiations as instigators of the full range of biological responses to radiation. Emphasis should be given to advances offering mechanistic insights into the ability of radiations with different qualities to severely impact cells or tissues. High-quality research or review studies on different species projected to humans are welcome. Technical advances reporting on the methodologies to accurately measure DNA or other types of biological damage must be highly considered for the near future in our research community, as well. Last but not least, clinical trials or protocols with improvements to radiation therapy and radiation protection are also included in our vision for the advancement of research regarding biological effects of IR.

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Bakerenkov, A. S., V. S. Pershenkov, A. V. Solomatin, V. V. Belyakov, and V. V. Shurenkov. "Radiation Degradation Modeling of Bipolar Operational Amplifier Input Offset Voltage in LTSpice IV." Applied Mechanics and Materials 565 (June 2014): 138–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.565.138.

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Integrated circuits are used in electronic equipment of spaceships. Therefore, they are impacted by ionizing radiation during space mission. It leads to electronic equipment failures. At present operational amplifiers are base elements of analog electronic devices. Radiation impact leads to degradation of operational amplifiers input stages. Input bias current increasing and input offset voltage drifts are the results of ionizing radiation expose of operational amplifiers. Therefore, space application electronic equipment fails after accumulation of limit dose. It isn’t difficult to estimate radiation degradation of input bias currents of bipolar operational amplifiers, but estimation of dose dependence of input offset voltage drift is more complex issue. Schematic modeling technique based on Gummel–Poon transistor model for estimation of input offset voltage drift produced by space radiation impact was experimentally verified for LM324 operational amplifier and presented in this work. Radiation sensitive parameters of Gummel–Poon model were determined using 2N2907 bipolar pnp transistor.

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24

CRESSLER, JOHN D. "TOTAL-DOSE AND SINGLE-EVENT EFFECTS IN SILICON-GERMANIUM HETEROJUNCTION BIPOLAR TRANSISTORS." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 14, no. 02 (June 2004): 489–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156404002478.

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We present an overview of radiation effects in silicon-germanium heterojunction bipolar transistors ( SiGe HBT). We begin by reviewing SiGe HBTs, and then examine the impact of ionizing radiation on both the dc and ac performance of SiGe HBTs, the circuit-level impact of radiation-induced changes in the transistors, followed by single-event phenomena in SiGe HBT circuits. While ionizing radiation degrades both the dc and ac properties of SiGe HBTs, this degradation is remarkably minor, and is far better than that observed in even radiation-hardened conventional Si BJT technologies. This fact is particularly significant given that no intentional radiation hardening is needed to ensure this level of both device-level and circuit-level tolerance (typically multi-Mrad TID). SEU effects are pronounced in SiGe HBT circuits, as expected, but circuit-level mitigation schemes will likely be suitable to ensure adequate tolerance for many orbital missions. SiGe HBT technology thus offers many interesting possibilities for space-borne electronic systems.

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25

Wang, Hai-Qiang. "Evaluating the Cumulative Impact of Ionizing Radiation Exposure With Diagnostic Genetics." Annals of Laboratory Medicine 39, no. 4 (July 1, 2019): 417–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3343/alm.2019.39.4.417.

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26

Maxwell, Christopher A., Markus C. Fleisch, Sylvain V. Costes, Anna C. Erickson, Arnaud Boissière, Rishi Gupta, Shraddha A. Ravani, Bahram Parvin, and Mary Helen Barcellos-Hoff. "Targeted and Nontargeted Effects of Ionizing Radiation That Impact Genomic Instability." Cancer Research 68, no. 20 (October 15, 2008): 8304–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-1212.

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27

Sankaranarayanan, K. "Ionizing radiation, genetic risk estimation and molecular biology: impact and inferences." Trends in Genetics 9, no. 3 (March 1993): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9525(93)90228-a.

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Al-Jumayli, Mohammed, Stephen L. Brown, Indrin J. Chetty, Martine Extermann, and Benjamin Movsas. "The Biological Process of Aging and the Impact of Ionizing Radiation." Seminars in Radiation Oncology 32, no. 2 (April 2022): 172–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.semradonc.2021.11.011.

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Loganovsky, K., P. Fedirko, K. Kuts, D. Marazziti, K. Antypchuk, I. Perchuk, T. Babenko, et al. "BRAIN AND EYE AS POTENTIAL TARGETS FOR IONIZING RADIATION IMPACT. Part І. THE CONSEQUENCES OF IRRADIATION OF THE PARTICIPANTS OF THE LIQUIDATION OF THE CHORNOBYL ACCIDENT." Проблеми радіаційної медицини та радіобіології = Problems of Radiation Medicine and Radiobiology 25 (2020): 90–129. http://dx.doi.org/10.33145/2304-8336-2020-25-90-129.

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Background.Exposure to ionizing radiation could affect the brain and eyes leading to cognitive and vision impairment, behavior disorders and performance decrement during professional irradiation at medical radiology, including interventional radiological procedures, long-term space flights, and radiation accidents. Objective. The objective was to analyze the current experimental, epidemiological, and clinical data on the radiation cerebro-ophthalmic effects. Materials and methods. In our analytical review peer-reviewed publications via the bibliographic and scientometric bases PubMed / MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and selected papers from the library catalog of NRCRM – the leading institution in the field of studying the medical effects of ionizing radiation – were used. Results. The probable radiation-induced cerebro-ophthalmic effects in human adults comprise radiation cataracts, radiation glaucoma, radiation-induced optic neuropathy, retinopathies, angiopathies as well as specific neurocognitive deficit in the various neuropsychiatric pathology including cerebrovascular pathology and neurodegenerative diseases. Specific attention is paid to the likely stochastic nature of many of those effects. Those prenatally and in childhood exposed are a particular target group with a higher risk for possible radiation effects and neurodegenerative diseases. Conclusions. The experimental, clinical, epidemiological, anatomical and pathophysiological rationale for visual system and central nervous system (CNS) radiosensitivity is given. The necessity for further international studies with adequate dosimetric support and the follow-up medical and biophysical monitoring of high radiation risk cohorts is justified. The first part of the study currently being published presents the results of the study of the effects of irradiation in the participants of emergency works at the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant (ChNPP). Key words: ionizing radiation, cerebroophthalmic effects, neurocognitive deficit, radiation accident, radiation cataracts, macular degeneration.

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Umeda, Hiroya, Masami Ouchi, Kimihiko Nakajima, Yuki Isobe, Shohei Aoyama, Yuichi Harikane, Yoshiaki Ono, and Akinori Matsumoto. "EMPRESS. VII. Ionizing Spectrum Shapes of Extremely Metal-poor Galaxies: Uncovering the Origins of Strong He ii and the Impact on Cosmic Reionization." Astrophysical Journal 930, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac602d.

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Abstract Strong high-ionization lines such as He ii of young galaxies are puzzling at high and low redshift. Although recent studies suggest the existence of nonthermal sources, whether their ionizing spectra can consistently explain multiple major emission lines remains a question. Here we derive the general shapes of the ionizing spectra for three local extremely metal-poor galaxies (EMPGs) that show strong He ii λ4686. We parameterize the ionizing spectra composed of a blackbody and power-law radiation mimicking various stellar and nonthermal sources. We use photoionization models for nebulae and determine seven parameters of the ionizing spectra and nebulae by Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods, carefully avoiding systematics of abundance ratios. We obtain the general shapes of ionizing spectra explaining ∼10 major emission lines within observational errors with smooth connections from observed X-ray and optical continua. We find that an ionizing spectrum of one EMPG has a blackbody-dominated shape, while the others have convex downward shapes at >13.6 eV, which indicate a diversity of the ionizing spectrum shapes. We confirm that the convex downward shapes are fundamentally different from ordinary stellar spectrum shapes, and that the spectrum shapes of these galaxies are generally explained by the combination of the stellar and ultraluminous X-ray sources. Comparisons with stellar synthesis models suggest that the diversity of the spectrum shapes arises from differences in the stellar age. If galaxies at z ≳ 6 are similar to the EMPGs, high-energy (>54.4 eV) photons of the nonstellar sources negligibly contribute to cosmic reionization due to relatively weak radiation.

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Nanda Karmaker, Kazi M. Maraz, Farhana Islam, Md. Marjanul Haque, Md. Razzak, M.Z.I. Mollah, M. R. I. Faruque, and Ruhul A. Khan. "Fundamental characteristics and application of radiation." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 7, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 064–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2021.7.1.0043.

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Radiation is the emission or transmission of energy as waves or particles through space or through a material medium which is able to penetrate various materials and is often categorized as either ionizing or non-ionizing depending on the energy of the radiated particles. Radiation processing can be defined as exposure of materials with high energy radiation to change their physical, chemical, or biological characteristics, to increase their usefulness, and safety purpose, or to reduce their harmful impact on the environment. Ionizing radiation is produced by radioactive decay, nuclear fission, and fusion, by extremely hot objects, and by particle accelerators. The radiation coming from the sun is due to the nuclear fusion; therefore, we are living in a natural radioactive world. Radioactive substances are common sources of ionized radiation that emit α, β, or γ radiation, consisting of helium nuclei, electrons or positrons, and photons, respectively. Alpha rays are the weakest form of radiation and can be stopped by paper. Beta rays are able to pass through paper but not through aluminum. Gamma rays are the strongest radiation. They are able to pass through paper and aluminum, but not through a thick block of lead or concrete. Alpha and beta radiation are the high energy subatomic particles where gamma radiation is a form of high energy electromagnetic waves. This review presents the fundamental introduction of radiation, the three types of radiation, and their applications.

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Kulcenty, Katarzyna Ida, Joanna Patrycja Wróblewska, and Wiktoria Maria Suchorska. "Response of neural stem cells to ionizing radiation." Letters in Oncology Science 15, no. 4 (January 7, 2019): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21641/los.15.4.115.

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Adult neurons are believed to be in a state of growth arrest. The generation of neurons is complete at the time of birth in most of the brain regions. However neurogenesis is present through life in the dentate gyrus of hippocampus and the lateral ventricles due to the presence of neural stem cells (NSC). This postnatal neurogenesis in hippocampus plays a critical role in cognitive development mainly in learning and memory functions. NSC are self-renewing, multipotent cells that generate the neurons and glia of the nervous system. Due to their high proliferation, NSC are highly sensitive to ionizing radiation. This review describes the current knowledge on impact of ionizing radiation on neural stem cells biology. Widening the knowledge of mechanisms involved in radiation-induced neurotoxicity at the level of NSC may help to overcome in the future the side effects occurring after anti-cancer therapies of the brain and help to protect and maintain neurogenesis.

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Bushmanov, A., A. Biryukov, E. Korovkina, A. Kretov, I. Vlasova, A. Lomteva, and A. Gugina. "Results of the Activities of Interdepartmental Expert Advice on Establishing Communication Diseases, Disabilities and Death with Impact Radiation Factors." Medical Radiology and radiation safety 66, no. 4 (September 13, 2021): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1024-6177-2021-66-4-58-61.

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One of the systems of expert councils that exist on the territory of the Russian Federation is the Interdepartmental Expert Council (IEC), where citizens can apply to establish the cause of the connection between illness, disability and death with exposure to ionizing radiation. The article discusses the normative documents and the legal framework governing the work of the IEC, to establish the causal relationship of diseases, disability and death of citizens exposed to radiation as a result of the Chernobyl disaster. The results of the activities of interdepartmental expert councils of the Russian Federation for 2010–2020 are presented. The categories of citizens who have the right to submit documents for an examination to establish the causal relationship of illness, disability and death as a result of exposure to ionizing radiation in the IEC have been determined.

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Smith, J. T., N. J. Willey, and J. T. Hancock. "Low dose ionizing radiation produces too few reactive oxygen species to directly affect antioxidant concentrations in cells." Biology Letters 8, no. 4 (April 11, 2012): 594–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2012.0150.

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It has been hypothesized that radiation-induced oxidative stress is the mechanism for a wide range of negative impacts on biota living in radioactively contaminated areas around Chernobyl. The present study tests this hypothesis mechanistically, for the first time, by modelling the impacts of radiolysis products within the cell resulting from radiations (low linear energy transfer β and γ), and dose rates appropriate to current contamination types and densities in the Chernobyl exclusion zone and at Fukushima. At 417 µGy h −1 (illustrative of the most contaminated areas at Chernobyl), generation of radiolysis products did not significantly impact cellular concentrations of reactive oxygen species, or cellular redox potential. This study does not support the hypothesis that direct oxidizing stress is a mechanism for damage to organisms exposed to chronic radiation at dose rates typical of contaminated environments.

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Pesic-Brdjanin, Tatjana. "Spice modeling of ionizing radiation effects in CMOS devices." Facta universitatis - series: Electronics and Energetics 30, no. 2 (2017): 161–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuee1702161p.

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Electric characteristics of devices in advanced CMOS technologies change over the time because of the impact of the ionizing radiation effects. Device aging is caused by cumulative contribution of generation of defects in the gate oxide and/or at the interface silicon-oxide. The concentration of these defects is time and bias-dependent values. Existing models include these effects through constant shift of voltage threshold. A method for including ionizing radiation effects in Spice models of MOS transistor and FinFET, based on an auxiliary diode circuit using for derivation of values of surface potential, that also calculates the correction time-dependent voltage due to concentration of trapped charges, is shown in this paper.

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Belli, Mauro, and Maria Antonella Tabocchini. "Ionizing Radiation-Induced Epigenetic Modifications and Their Relevance to Radiation Protection." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 17 (August 20, 2020): 5993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21175993.

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The present system of radiation protection assumes that exposure at low doses and/or low dose-rates leads to health risks linearly related to the dose. They are evaluated by a combination of epidemiological data and radiobiological models. The latter imply that radiation induces deleterious effects via genetic mutation caused by DNA damage with a linear dose-dependence. This picture is challenged by the observation of radiation-induced epigenetic effects (changes in gene expression without altering the DNA sequence) and of non-linear responses, such as non-targeted and adaptive responses, that in turn can be controlled by gene expression networks. Here, we review important aspects of the biological response to ionizing radiation in which epigenetic mechanisms are, or could be, involved, focusing on the possible implications to the low dose issue in radiation protection. We examine in particular radiation-induced cancer, non-cancer diseases and transgenerational (hereditary) effects. We conclude that more realistic models of radiation-induced cancer should include epigenetic contribution, particularly in the initiation and progression phases, while the impact on hereditary risk evaluation is expected to be low. Epigenetic effects are also relevant in the dispute about possible “beneficial” effects at low dose and/or low dose-rate exposures, including those given by the natural background radiation.

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Baghdoyan, Sandrine, Jérôme Lamartine, David Castel, Amandine Pitaval, Yoann Roupioz, Noreli Franco, Mariela Duarte, Michèle T. Martin, and Xavier Gidrol. "Id2Reverses Cell Cycle Arrest Induced by γ-Irradiation in Human HaCaT Keratinocytes." Journal of Biological Chemistry 280, no. 16 (February 3, 2005): 15836–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m414216200.

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Id2 plays a key role in epithelial cells, regulating differentiation, the cell cycle, and proliferation. Because human skin constantly renews itself and is the first target of irradiation, it is of primary interest to evaluate whether such a gene may be regulated in keratinocytes exposed to ionizing radiation. We show here thatId2is induced in response to γ-irradiation and have investigated the consequence of this regulation on cell fate. Using RNA interference, we observed that Id2 extinction significantly reduces cell growth in human keratinocytes through the control of the G1-S transition of the cell cycle. We have investigated whether the impact of Id2 on the cell cycle may have a physiological role on the cell's ability to cope with radiative stress. Indeed, when Id2 is down-regulated through interfering RNA, cells are more sensitive to irradiation. Conversely, when Id2 is overexpressed, this somehow protects the cell. We propose that Id2 favors reentering the cell cycle after radiation-induced cell cycle arrest to permit the recovery of keratinocytes exposed to ionizing radiation.

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Jaura, Ondrej, Simon C. O. Glover, Katharina M. J. Wollenberg, Ralf S. Klessen, Sam Geen, and Lionel Haemmerlé. "Trapping of H ii regions in Population III star formation." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 512, no. 1 (February 22, 2022): 116–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac487.

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ABSTRACT Radiative feedback from massive Population III (Pop III) stars in the form of ionizing and photodissociating photons is widely believed to play a central role in shutting off accretion on to these stars. Understanding whether and how this occurs is vital for predicting the final masses reached by these stars and the form of the Pop III stellar initial mass function. To help us better understand the impact of UV radiation from massive Pop III stars on the gas surrounding them, we carry out high-resolution simulations of the formation and early evolution of these stars, using the arepo moving-mesh code coupled with the innovative radiative transfer module sprai. Contrary to most previous results, we find that the ionizing radiation from these stars is trapped in the dense accretion disc surrounding them. Consequently, the inclusion of radiative feedback has no significant impact on either the number or the total mass of protostars formed during the 20 kyr period that we simulate. We show that the reason that we obtain qualitatively different results from previous studies of Pop III stellar feedback lies in how the radiation is injected into the simulation. H ii region trapping only occurs if the photons are injected on scales smaller than the local scale height of the accretion disc, a criterion not fulfilled in previous 3D simulations of this process. Finally, we speculate as to whether outflows driven by the magnetic field or by Lyman-α radiation pressure may be able to clear enough gas away from the star to allow the H ii region to escape from the disc.

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Rawashdeh, Mohammad, Charbel Saade, Ali Ibnian, Ziad Bataineh, Dana S. Al Mousa, Patrick Brennan, Feda Al-Tamimi, Maryam Al-Husari, Rula AbuTaimai, and Mark Mcentee. "Referral Physicians’ Knowledge of Radiation Dose: A Cross-sectional Study." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 8, E (October 19, 2020): 582–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.4727.

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AIM: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the knowledge of referring physicians of general practitioners, residents, and medical specialists in Jordan and the Middle East on radiation dose and its impact on vulnerable patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Institutional Review Board approved this study before data collection. A cross-sectional study employed questionnaire that was distributed to respondents (n = 293) of general practitioners, residents, specialists, and therapists. The questionnaire consisted of 29 questions. Nine questions concerned with demographics and the remaining 20 questions were divided into five sections: Radiation dose, ionizing radiation, pediatric radiation, pregnant women radiation, and radiation risks. The mean score was computed out of 20. Chi-squared test of independence was utilized to analyze each question. To compare the responses between the demographic variables groups, Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests were used. RESULTS: Out of the 293 respondents, 128 (43.7%) were aware of radiation. The average score of the questionnaire was 9.5 out of 20 (47.5%). Within each section, the level of knowledge varied. Physicians had the highest level of knowledge in radiation risk (85.7%) followed by ionizing radiation (62.1%). The questionnaire revealed lower levels of knowledge in the areas of pediatric radiation, pregnant women radiation, and radiation dose. The percentages of respondents, (with fair to good level of knowledge), were 47.1%, 34.5%, and 24.6%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The results of this study were consistent with previous studies that demonstrated a poor level of general knowledge in referring physicians regarding radiation dose, ionizing radiation, pediatric radiation, pregnant women radiation, and radiation risks.

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Mir, Seyed Mostafa, Esmaeil Samadian, Sahar Alijanpour, Alireza Khoshbin Khoshnazar, Hamid Haghighatfard, and Seyed Hossein Sadeghi. "Impact of Ionizing Radiation on the Expression of CDC25A Phosphatase (in vivo)." Medical Laboratory Journal 10, no. 5 (September 1, 2016): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18869/acadpub.mlj.10.5.22.

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Haid, S., S. Walch, D. Seifried, R. Wünsch, F. Dinnbier, and T. Naab. "SILCC-Zoom: The early impact of ionizing radiation on forming molecular clouds." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 482, no. 3 (October 30, 2018): 4062–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty2938.

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Sacerdot, Christine, G�raldine Mercier, Anne-Laure Todeschini, Marie Dutreix, Mathias Springer, and Pascale Lesage. "Impact of ionizing radiation on the life cycle ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae Ty1 retrotransposon." Yeast 22, no. 6 (2005): 441–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.1222.

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Dallas, Lorna J., Miranda Keith-Roach, Brett P. Lyons, and Awadhesh N. Jha. "Assessing the Impact of Ionizing Radiation on Aquatic Invertebrates: A Critical Review." Radiation Research 177, no. 5 (May 2012): 693–716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1667/rr2687.1.

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Kozyukov, Aleksandr, Pavel Chubunov, Konstantin Zolnikov, Tatyana Skvortsova, and I. Zhuravleva. "Analysis of potential ECB effects from AI CP exposure." Modeling of systems and processes 14, no. 2 (July 26, 2021): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2219-0767-2021-14-2-80-86.

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The nature of the effect of radiation on a solid depends on the type, kinetic energy, mass and charge of the particles that make up this radiation, as well as on the mass, atomic number and density of the material. The article deals with the issues related to the physical models of the impact of ionizing radiation from outer space on the components of spacecraft equipment.

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Rajkowski, Tomasz, Frédéric Saigné, and Pierre-Xiao Wang. "Radiation Qualification by Means of the System-Level Testing: Opportunities and Limitations." Electronics 11, no. 3 (January 27, 2022): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11030378.

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System-level radiation testing of electronics is evaluated, based on test examples of the System-in-Package (SiP) module irradiations. Total ionizing dose and single event effects tests are analyzed to better understand the opportunities and limitations of the system-level approach in the context of the radiation qualification of electronics. Impact on the SiP product development is discussed.

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Mei, Xionge, Rosemarie ten Cate, Caspar M. van Leeuwen, Hans M. Rodermond, Lidewij de Leeuw, Dionysia Dimitrakopoulou, Lukas J. A. Stalpers, et al. "Radiosensitization by Hyperthermia: The Effects of Temperature, Sequence, and Time Interval in Cervical Cell Lines." Cancers 12, no. 3 (March 3, 2020): 582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12030582.

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Cervical cancers are almost exclusively caused by an infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV). When patients suffering from cervical cancer have contraindications for chemoradiotherapy, radiotherapy combined with hyperthermia is a good treatment option. Radiation-induced DNA breaks can be repaired by nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) or homologous recombination (HR). Hyperthermia can temporarily inactivate homologous recombination. Therefore, combining radiotherapy with hyperthermia can result in the persistence of more fatal radiation-induced DNA breaks. However, there is no consensus on the optimal sequence of radiotherapy and hyperthermia and the optimal time interval between these modalities. Moreover, the temperature of hyperthermia and HPV-type may also be important in radiosensitization by hyperthermia. In this study we thoroughly investigated the impact of different temperatures (37–42 °C), and the sequence of and time interval (0 up to 4 h) between ionizing radiation and hyperthermia on HPV16+: SiHa, Caski; HPV18+: HeLa, C4I; and HPV−: C33A, HT3 cervical cancer cell lines. Our results demonstrate that a short time interval between treatments caused more unrepaired DNA damages and more cell kill, especially at higher temperatures. Although hyperthermia before ionizing radiation may result in slightly more DNA damage, the sequence between hyperthermia and ionizing radiation yielded similar effects on cell survival.

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Morgan, William F., and Marianne B. Sowa. "Non-targeted effects induced by ionizing radiation: Mechanisms and potential impact on radiation induced health effects." Cancer Letters 356, no. 1 (January 2015): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2013.09.009.

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Rao, Ina P., Maria J. A. Armelin, and Nelida L. del Mastro. "Impact of ionizing radiation on cake from Brazilian macadamia nut (Macadamia integrifolia) after oil extraction." Radiation Physics and Chemistry 172 (July 2020): 108813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.108813.

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Vives i Batlle, J., G. Biermans, D. Copplestone, A. Kryshev, A. Melintescu, C. Mothersill, T. Sazykina, C. Seymour, K. Smith, and M. D. Wood. "Towards an ecological modelling approach for assessing ionizing radiation impact on wildlife populations." Journal of Radiological Protection 42, no. 2 (April 25, 2022): 020507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6498/ac5dd0.

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Abstract The emphasis of the international system of radiological protection of the environment is to protect populations of flora and fauna. Throughout the MODARIA programmes, the United Nations’ International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has facilitated knowledge sharing, data gathering and model development on the effect of radiation on wildlife. We present a summary of the achievements of MODARIA I and II on wildlife dose effect modelling, extending to a new sensitivity analysis and model development to incorporate other stressors. We reviewed evidence on historical doses and transgenerational effects on wildlife from radioactively contaminated areas. We also evaluated chemical population modelling approaches, discussing similarities and differences between chemical and radiological impact assessment in wildlife. We developed population modelling methodologies by sourcing life history and radiosensitivity data and evaluating the available models, leading to the formulation of an ecosystem-based mathematical approach. This resulted in an ecologically relevant conceptual population model, which we used to produce advice on the evaluation of risk criteria used in the radiological protection of the environment and a proposed modelling extension for chemicals. This work seeks to inform stakeholder dialogue on factors influencing wildlife population responses to radiation, including discussions on the ecological relevance of current environmental protection criteria. The area of assessment of radiation effects in wildlife is still developing with underlying data and models continuing to be improved. IAEA’s ongoing support to facilitate the sharing of new knowledge, models and approaches to Member States is highlighted, and we give suggestions for future developments in this regard.

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Vives i Batlle, J., G. Biermans, D. Copplestone, A. Kryshev, A. Melintescu, C. Mothersill, T. Sazykina, C. Seymour, K. Smith, and M. D. Wood. "Towards an ecological modelling approach for assessing ionizing radiation impact on wildlife populations." Journal of Radiological Protection 42, no. 2 (April 25, 2022): 020507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6498/ac5dd0.

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Abstract The emphasis of the international system of radiological protection of the environment is to protect populations of flora and fauna. Throughout the MODARIA programmes, the United Nations’ International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has facilitated knowledge sharing, data gathering and model development on the effect of radiation on wildlife. We present a summary of the achievements of MODARIA I and II on wildlife dose effect modelling, extending to a new sensitivity analysis and model development to incorporate other stressors. We reviewed evidence on historical doses and transgenerational effects on wildlife from radioactively contaminated areas. We also evaluated chemical population modelling approaches, discussing similarities and differences between chemical and radiological impact assessment in wildlife. We developed population modelling methodologies by sourcing life history and radiosensitivity data and evaluating the available models, leading to the formulation of an ecosystem-based mathematical approach. This resulted in an ecologically relevant conceptual population model, which we used to produce advice on the evaluation of risk criteria used in the radiological protection of the environment and a proposed modelling extension for chemicals. This work seeks to inform stakeholder dialogue on factors influencing wildlife population responses to radiation, including discussions on the ecological relevance of current environmental protection criteria. The area of assessment of radiation effects in wildlife is still developing with underlying data and models continuing to be improved. IAEA’s ongoing support to facilitate the sharing of new knowledge, models and approaches to Member States is highlighted, and we give suggestions for future developments in this regard.

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