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Soto, Masip Albert. "Development of efficient numerical models for the simulation of low velocity impact and compression after impact on composite structures." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/664503.
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Fiber reinforced composite materials are nowadays used in several industrial applications that pursue structural weight reduction to reduce fuel consumption. The stiffness-to-weight and strength-to-weight ratios of composite materials made them an excellent choice for aerospace applications. However, impact loads is one of the major design concerns of aeronautical structures made by laminate composite materials. It is especially the case of Low Velocity Impact (LVI) events that despite leading to barely visible impact damage can significantly reduce the mechanical performance of composite structures. Reliable numerical models can help in reducing the actual amount of physical tests that are time-consuming and costly. Nevertheless, impact simulations are computationally intensive and their application in large composite structures is limited. Furthermore, the numerical models require many parameters that affect their efficiency, accuracy, objectivity and robustness. The present thesis aims to define a clear and efficient methodology to build reliable numerical models for the LVI and Compression After Impact (CAI) simulation of composite structures that can be applied in challenging applications of scientific and industrial interest. Firstly, the present work describes a methodology to simulate LVI and CAI on composite laminates that is validated experimentally at the coupon level. The key definitions are discussed and especial attention is devoted to the definitions that affect the computational efficiency. Novel formulas, which are useful for optimum mesh discretization, are proposed to predict the cohesive zone length of composites undergoing delamination under pure fracture modes. A numerical benchmark of different finite element types and interaction technologies commonly used in the literature is performed to compare their computational performance and accuracy. Furthermore, criteria to efficiently define cohesive numerical parameters are proposed. Numerical simulations can help in the understanding of the damage sequence of polymer based composite laminates during an impact event, which can be a difficult task to perform experimentally when dealing with a large number of plies. The proposed methodology is applied to predict the LVI and CAI of thin ply fabric laminates, which is a computationally challenging case due the large number of plies and interfaces involved. The numerical results indicate that matrix cracking effects can be assumed negligible for the studied thin ply laminate while delamination and especially the fiber traction separation law shape are important for accurate predictions. Finally, the methodology is applied for the prediction of relatively large composite sub-components with the aim to show that the proposed methodology enables analyses at larger scales. It is demonstrated the potential of the methodology and employed techniques to address problems of industrial interest such as the strength prediction of both undamaged and damaged stiffened panelsEls materials compòsits són actualment utilitzats en diferents sectors industrials que busquen la reducció de pes estructural amb la finalitat de reduir el consum de combustible. La rigidesa i resistència que ofereixen en relació amb el seu pes els ha convertit en una excel·lent opció per aplicacions aeronàutiques. No obstant això, les càrregues a impacte són una de les principals preocupacions en el disseny d’estructures aeronàutiques fabricades amb laminats de material compòsit. És especialment el cas d’impactes a baixa velocitat que deixen dany difícil de detectar durant inspeccions visuals però que poden reduir significativament la resistència de l’estructura. L’ús de models numèrics fiables pot ajudar a reduir l’actual nombre d’assaigs experimentals que són costosos tant en temps com econòmicament. Tanmateix, l’aplicació de models numèrics en estructures de material compòsit de gran dimensió es veu limitada pel cost computacional que representen. A més, els models numèrics requereixen moltes definicions que afecten la seva eficiència, precisió, objectivitat i robustesa. La present tesi té com a objectiu desenvolupar una metodologia clara i eficient per realitzar prediccions fidedignes d’impacte a baixa velocitat i compressió després d’impacte en estructures de material compòsit que pugui ser aplicada en casos de rellevància científica i industrial. En primer lloc, es descriu una metodologia per a la simulació d’impacte a baixa velocitat i compressió després d’impacte en laminats de compòsit la qual és validada experimentalment a escala de proveta de laboratori. Les definicions més importants es discuteixen i es té especial atenció en aquelles que afecta l’eficiència computacional. Per una òptima discretització del model és desitjable conèixer la longitud de zona cohesiva. Noves fórmules per predir la longitud de zona cohesiva en delaminació es proposen per modes purs de fractura. Es realitza un estudi numèric comparatiu de diferents tecnologies d’element finit i d’interacció cohesiva típicament utilitzades en la literatura amb la finalitat de comparar la seva precisió i eficiència computacional. A més, es proposen criteris per definir paràmetres numèrics del model cohesiu que afecten el temps computacional. Els models numèrics poden ajudar a entendre la seqüència de dany durant esdeveniments d’impacte, els quals poden ser complicats d’analitzar experimentalment. La metodologia proposada s’aplica per predir la resposta a impacte i compressió després d’impacte en laminats de capes primes. És un cas que representa un repte computacional per l’elevat nombre de capes i interfases involucrades. Els resultats numèrics contrastats experimentalment indiquen que els efectes de trencament de matriu es poden obviar mentre que la delaminació i especialment la forma de la llei cohesiva de la fibra són de gran importància en les prediccions de laminats de capes primes. Finalment, la metodologia s’aplica per la predicció de sub-components rigiditzats de material compòsit amb la finalitat de mostrar que la metodologia permet anàlisis a escales majors. Es demostra el potencial de la metodologia i tècniques utilitzades per adreçar problemes d’interès industrial com és la predicció de la resistència d’un panell rigiditzat abans i després de ser danyat per un eventual impacte
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Garikayi, Francis Valentine. "Financing development or developing finance? A review of development impact evaluation systems used by development finance institutions in South Africa." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30361.
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The landscape of South African National Development Finance Institutions (DFIs) is comprised of twelve entities. Their institutional objectives range from supporting farmers, financing industrialisation, infrastructural development, and promoting financial inclusion. These DFI objectives fall under the umbrella of Private Sector Development (PSD) interventions. Literature established that the success of PSD is contingent on effective impact evaluation. Consequently, the main research question explored in this dissertation is: In what ways, and using what tools and systems, do South African DFIs measure the development impact of their investments? In support of the main question, two sub-questions were are also investigated. Firstly, whether impact evaluation systems provide credible, timely and relevant information. Secondly, whether impact evaluation systems support evidence-based decision making and learning. In response to these questions, a qualitative case study of six National DFIs was carried out. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with DFI staff members involved in impact evaluation. This was supported by secondary data from annual reports and organisational websites. It was established that, firstly, DFIs use non-uniform impact evaluation systems and tools to measure the impact of their investments. Secondly, the systems lack qualitative detail and focus on measuring outputs instead of outcomes. Thus, much emphasis is placed on monitoring instead of impact evaluation. This renders the impact evaluation systems and tools highly ineffective. Finally, whilst the avowed objective of DFIs is development, financial viability takes precedence when selecting projects. Therefore, an emerging conclusion was that systems in place do not support development impact evidence-based decision-making. These findings generated recommendations for changing the development impact evaluation tools and systems used by South African National DFIs. It is expected that recommended changes will maximise DFI socio-economic benefits.
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Ishac, Wadih. "Furthering national development through sport, the case of Qatar." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCH037/document.
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Lorsque nous parlons de relations internationales, nous parlons généralement de diplomatie et d'investissement, Le sport peut être utilisé comme outil pour améliorer la diplomatie entre les pays, ainsi que pour développer les intérêts économiques et sociaux. De plus, le sport occupe une place importante dans le repositionnement de l'image d'une nation, tout en améliorant le processus d'intégration des jeunes générations dans le monde. L'un des principaux intérêts, du point de vue du gouvernement, est de créer un lien affectif positif avec la nation hôte de l’évènement sportif. Ce qu'on appelle le soft power. Le but de ce travail est d'explorer certaines des façons dont le sport est utilisé pour générer ce pouvoir, et comment il peut contribuer à générer du contrôle ou à provoquer de l'influence, en se concentrant sur l'État du Qatar. Ce travail est séparé en trois parties principales. Je présente d'abord le développement du sport et la manière dont les événements sportifs ont été utilisés par différents pays et régimes politiques, ainsi que l'impact généré. Deuxièmement, j'essaie de comprendre l'impact généré par l'investissement du Qatar dans l'équipe de football française du Paris Saint-Germain. Et troisièmement, en mesurant l'impact socio-psychologique généré par la jeune génération en organisant des événements sportifs internationaux, le cas du championnat du monde de handball 2015. Ce travail vise à clarifier comment un tel investissement est perçu comme une opportunité de développement au sein de la société, et d'améliorer la diplomatie. En se concentrant sur l'évolution dont le sport est utilisé comme un outil important dans le processus de socialisation des jeunes dans la société mondiale. Sur la base de mes recherches, le résultat de l'investissement dans le Paris Saint-Germain était une situation «gagnant-gagnant» entre la France et le Qatar sur le plan social, économique et politique. De plus, l'utilisation des événements sportifs a eu un impact émotionnel positif, faisant admirer aux résidents la vision du gouvernement. La jeune génération, quelle que soit sa nationalité, a une vision positive des efforts du gouvernement pour s'améliorer et se développer. La vision du gouvernement du Qatar était saillante pour la jeune génération au QatarWhen we mention international relations, we generally talk about diplomacy and investment, but there are other ways of promoting the interests of a government on the international stage. Sport can be used as tool to improve diplomacy between countries, as well as developing economic and social interests. Additionally, sport takes an important place in shaping the image of a nation, while it improves the integration process of young generations into the world. One of the main interests, from a government perspective, in the use of sport, is to generate a positive emotional connection to a host nation - what is known as soft power. The aim of this work is to explore some of the ways in which sport is used to generate this power, and how it can provide a type of control or influence. Specifically, it will focus on the State of Qatar. This work is separated to three main parts. First I present the development of sport and the way sport events were used by different countries and political regimes, and the impact generated. Second, I try to understand the impact generated from Qatar investment in the French football team Paris Saint-Germain. And third, I measured the socio-psychological impact generated on the young generation from hosting international sport events, as in the case of the Handball World championship 2015.This work sets to clarify how allowing such investment is perceived as an opportunity for development within the society, and to improve diplomacy. Additionally, focussing on the young generation allows me to study the evolution of how sport is an important tool in the process of socialization of young people into global society. Based on my research, I argue that the result of the Paris Saint-Germain investment was a "win-win" situation between France and Qatar on the social, economic, and political level. Also, using sport events generated positive emotional impact, making the residents admire the vision of the government. The young generation, regardless nationality has a positive view of government efforts to improve and develop itself - the Qatari government's vision was salient to the young generation in Qatar
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Ahammed, A. K. M. Rafique. "Development of environmental impact assessment in Bangladesh." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09enva285.pdf.
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Scheyvens, Henry 1965. "Evaluating aid : the developmental impact of Japan's official development assistance." Monash University, School of Political and Social Inquiry, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8632.
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Verš, Evelin. "Development of impact-induced hydrothermal system at Kärdla impact structure /." Tartu, Estonia : Tartu University Press, 2006. http://dspace.utlib.ee/dspace/bitstream/10062/187/1/verzevelin.pdf.
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Michel, Adrien. "Acoustic methods development for implants biomechanical stability assessment." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1163.
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Ce travail porte sur le comportement mécanique de la cupule acétabulaire de prothèse de hanche dans le milieu osseux. Un intérêt particulier est porté au développement d'une méthode d'analyse de signaux d'impacts visant à caractériser les propriétés biomécaniques de l'interface entre la cupule acétabulaire et l'os périacétabulaire. Dans un premier temps, l'insertion de la cupule par impacts reproductibles est étudiée expérimentalement. Il est démontré que les signaux de force des impacts sont sensibles aux conditions d'insertion de l'implant acétabulaire. Un modèle analytique empirique considérant une configuration poinçon plat est utilisé pour modéliser les conditions de contact entre l'os et l'implant. La stabilité de l'implant acétabulaire est ensuite évaluée dans différentes configurations osseuses. Une analyse des signaux d'impact permet d'estimer cette stabilité. Dans un deuxième temps, un marteau est instrumenté avec un capteur de force et utilisé pour enregistrer les signaux de force des impacts. La méthode d'analyse des signaux est adaptée et permet d'évaluer la stabilité primaire de l'implant acétabulaire. Pour permettre le transfert de l'approche vers une application clinique, une étude cadavérique est ensuite réalisée. Il est montré que la méthode est utile pour prévoir la stabilité primaire de la cupule acétabulaire dans des hanches cadavériques. Le troisième volet de cette thèse est composé d'études de simulation numérique pour mieux comprendre le comportement mécanique de la cupule acétabulaire. Un modèle est développé pour investiguer les procédés dynamiques ayant lieu lors de l'impaction de la cupule acétabulaire et pour estimer le potentiel de la méthode d'analyse d'impacts pour déterminer les conditions d'insertion de la cupule acétabulaire. Différentes conditions d'interférence et différentes vitesses d'impaction sont considérées. Il est montré que les signaux d'impacts sont sensibles à surface de contact entre l'os et l'implant. Un second modèle étudie l'influence des propriétés mécaniques de l'os périacétabulaire au comportement mécanique de la cupuleWhile hip arthroplasty has become a common surgical procedure, failures still happen due to inadequate mechanical behavior of the prosthesis. This work studies the behavior of the acetabular cup (AC) implant within bone tissue and develops an impact analysis method to assess its insertion conditions. In the first part, AC insertion within bovine bone tissue are performed using reproducible mass drops. The impact force signals are recorded and are shown to be sensitive to insertion conditions of the AC implant. An empirical analytical model considering a flat punch configuration to model the bone-implant contact conditions is used to understand the variations of the signals. The AC implant tangential stability is further evaluated for different bone cavity configurations. An impact signals analysis enables to assess the AC implant primary stability in vitro. In the second part, a hammeris instrumented with a force sensor and is used to record the impacts force signals. The impact signals analysis allows to evaluate the AC implant stability. In order to transfer the approach to a situation closer to the clinical application, tests are then realized with cadaveric hips. The method is found useful to predict the AC implant stability ex vivo. In the third part, finite element models are developed to improve the understanding of the AC implant mechanical behavior within bone tissue. A model investigates the dynamic processes occurring during the AC implant impaction. The impact signals analysis allows to evaluate the bone implant contact area. A second model studies the influence of the peri-implant anisotropic bone mechanical properties on the mechanical behavior of the AC implant. By coupling experimental and numerical approaches, this work provides new features concerning the mechanical processes responsible for the AC implant stability. Moreover, the feasibility of a medical device that could assess peroperatively the AC implant stability is proved
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SCARBOROUGH, DONNA RUSSELL. "CONSEQUENCES OF INTERRUPTING NORMAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGIC DEVELOPMENT: IMPACT ON PRE-SWALLOWING SKILLS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1014663977.
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Milosevic, Vedrana. "Women's impact on development in India." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Management and Economics, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-7121.
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India is the world’s largest democracy where 1 186 200 000 people live and almost half of these are women. So how does women’s situation effect India’s development. This essay focuses on secondary education, female labor force participation and active population growth and measures their affect on Human Development Index (HDI). The literature shows a positive effect of all explanatory variables on HDI. In other an effective resource allocation towards words women might be the key for India to reach higher living standards. It is indeed a question of effective resource allocation because women in India don’t enjoy the same freedoms and rights as men which will clearly effect the countries resource allocation and the HDI
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Ma, Yue 1971. "Software development for odour impact assessment." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80128.
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Odour impacts are the source of many complaints in communities and, as such, methods for odour impact assessment are needed. Such assessments would benefit from the development of parameters that could be used to quantify and reflect the magnitudes of odour impacts experience by the community. Therefore, numerous parameters that can be used to assess odour impacts have been proposed in this research. These parameters account for variations in odour concentration, probability of response, degree of annoyance and population density that clearly influence the degree of impact of an odorous emission on a community. Most of these parameters require the evaluation of areas enclosed within contours and volumes under contours and, as such, are calculation intensive. In order to simplify the calculation of these parameters, algorithms have been developed and implemented into a user-friendly interface called OdorImp. This software was tested by applying it to three sets of synthetic data and two sets of data arising from actual case-studies. Comparisons were made between the results from OdorImp and exact values derived from simple cases and other values calculated using a commercial contour-evaluation program. It was demonstrated that the algorithms implemented in OdorImp are accurate and can be used to reliably evaluate the proposed odour impact parameters.
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White, Howard. "The macroeconomic impact of development aid." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.279409.
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Gehring, Josh J. "Impact leadership : a leadership development series." Virtual Press, 2004. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1286600.
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The purpose of this project was to create a leadership development series for interscholastic and intercollegiate coaches that could be implemented into their athletic programs to help facilitate leadership growth within their players and team. The Impact Leadership Development Series contains four parts: 1) Part One: Responsibility, 2) Part Two: Role, 3) Part Three: Relationship, and 4) Part Four: Reach. Each part was designed for a specific grade level; Part One: Responsibility for the freshmen, Part Two: Role for the sophomores, Part Three: Relationship for the juniors and Part Four: Reach for the seniors.Although the Impact Leadership Development Series was not tested, the review committee felt that a series such as this had merit within interscholastic and intercollegiate athletics. One committee member noted that the series was a -'brilliant'' idea and the others agreed that if they were still involved in coaching they would implement a program of this nature.School of Physical Education
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Pepper, Nicholas. "Bound to Impact: a best practices guide to term sheets in African Impact Investing deals." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28983.
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This study focuses on the Impact Investing industry in sub-Saharan Africa through a comparative analysis of three industry-leading institutions' term sheets. A key output of this exploratory research is the development of a best practices guide to social and environmental covenants (clauses included in the term sheet). The researcher has compiled primary data through practitioner interviews; secondary data was compiled by analysing executed legal documents and templates. The process was conducted with academic rigour in order to categorise and compare specific information. Preliminary research involved the researcher exchanging with a DFI and two commercial Impact Investors. The DFI provides both equity and debt, whereas one of the commercial Investors specialises in private equity and the other in private debt. The institutions are industry agnostic. The study has the objective to test two linked null hypotheses: Impact Investors do not align their terms sheets to their values; and Impact Investors do not require that certain clauses be systematically included in order to protect their interests Through case studies, the research initially develops on the key elements of an equity term sheet and provides a fictitious debt term sheet as a reference. Equity and debt legal documents are compared and analysed independently. After having isolated and analysed social and environmental covenants, the researcher concludes that neither hypothesis can be rejected. Further research is recommended limiting the scope to a specific industry or a specific asset class. Understanding and comparing Development Finance Institutions' methods would be of value. A quantitative analysis would isolate the success factors and appropriate constraints on the legal documentation in order to maximise financial and social and environmental returns.
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Bullard, Daniel Peterson. "The impact of context manipulation on knowledge development in a balancing task." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1258741368.
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Bennett, Erin Elizabeth. "Examining Development Impact Measurement: A case of South African Impact Investors." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30354.
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Over the past decade impact investing has gained much traction as a lucrative category of investments that strive for positive social and environmental impact alongside financial gains. Measurement of the intended impacts is gaining importance as this field of investing grows, requiring increased focus on non-financial performance of investment portfolios by impact investors. Improved measurement practises allow impact investors to not only understand and manage the social and environmental impacts effected through conscious intentions, but also provides an opportunity to proliferate existing positive impact. This report provides empirical insight into the impact measurement techniques employed by South African public and private institutional impact investors, using data collected through over 20 semi-structured research interviews, as well as publicly available impact measurement methodologies. In addition, it contributes to a limited collection of impact data and research that is critical in evidencing the most effective impact investments. Growing this area of research aids in the decision-making of development finance capital allocation to the most impactful investments – particularly those significantly contributing to achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the National Development Plan (NDP). A single case-study method was employed in analysing the empirical findings of the primary data sample, with South Africa as the case analysed. The general inductive approach was applied in the analysis of primary and secondary data collected. Categorisations of the data were made using the code-to-theory model. Furthermore, the logic model was employed as a theoretical lens to study the context of the measurement frameworks utilised by participants. The study also investigates the level of transparency in measurement and reporting within South Africa’s growing impact investing industry, for knowledge-sharing and recognition of positive impact. The findings demonstrate that South African impact investors are less inclined to use internationally recognised impact measurement tools such as IRIS and GIIRS rating systems. They currently utilise customised metrics and indicators as well as ESG risk and opportunity identification in measuring and tracking their impact. It also provides evidence of the influence of funders in driving the impact objectives and measurement practises employed by impact investors. The findings further show that there is greater focus on the shorter-term outputs and outcomes of investments, and less consideration of long-term sustainable impact. Recommendations made to South African impact investors include clearly articulating impact goals through application of the theory of change and logic model frameworks, as well as selecting measurement metrics that align closely to the intended short, medium and long-term impact objectives.
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Scribner, Martin A. "A guide to using development impact fees in Indiana." Virtual Press, 2000. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1191719.
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This study has presented a comprehensive overview of the effective use of development impact fees in Indiana. After examining four communities currently using park impact fees, it was determined that these communities had been successful in shifting a portion of the burden of capital improvements required by new development from the public sector to the developers themselves. From these results, it was determined that the use of development impact fees is indeed a worthwhile endeavor in Indiana. Also, a decision tree was devised to aid community officials in deciding whether or not impact fees are appropriate for their community.Department of Urban Planning
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Parker, Shaunette Roberta Byers. "Impact of Positive Youth Development Services on Resilience Among Adjudicated Girls." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2571.
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Positive youth development (PYD) frameworks that guide PYD services suggest at-risk youth need to develop resiliency attitudes and resiliency skills in order to prevent long-term failure in their adult lives. This concept is based on multiple developmental theories that suggest increased levels of resiliency make it easier to navigate challenging situations. Adjudicated youth have faced a major setback in their short lives, yet they still have an opportunity to become successful and avoid additional jail time, if they are able to display a strong sense of resilience. Many youth development programs geared toward serving adjudicated youth, lack the appropriate structure and services to ensure youth are able to develop strong resiliency attitudes and skills. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of PYD services on the resiliency attitudes and skills of teenage girls at an all-girls Department of Juvenile Justice residential facility. Archival data from the Resiliency Attitudes and Skills Profile (RASP) were used. RASP identifies the following domains as indicators of resiliency attitudes and skills: humor, creativity, insight, initiative, independence, relationships, and values orientation. Multiple regression analysis showed that the longer residents are in the program, the better they scored on the relationships, insight, humor, and creativity domains. Since culture can have an impact on youth development, race and ethnicity were analyzed. Hispanic residents did better on the overall RASP and the values orientation, insight, initiative, and creativity domains. These findings may help youth development professionals understand the importance for troubled youth to remain in a developmental program for a longer time while engaging in activities geared toward increasing resiliency.
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Vera, Torrejón José Antonio, and Safra Paola Caicedo. "The Negative Environmental Impact and its Evaluation Before, During and After the Development of Productive Activities." Derecho & Sociedad, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/117083.
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In the first part of the article, a theoretical and doctrinal development of the concept of environmental impact and its positive and negative side is proposed. Further, a comparison and theoretical differentiation between the environmental impact and environmental pollution is developed.In the second part of the article, the theoretical concepts are reflected on a practical level, developing the implications of negative environmental impact before, during and after the implementation of productive activities.En la primera parte del artículo se propone un desarrollo teórico – doctrinario del concepto de impacto ambiental y de su vertiente positiva y negativa. Asimismo, se desarrolla una comparación y diferenciación teórica del concepto impacto de ambiental negativo y de contaminación ambiental. En la segunda parte, se plasman los conceptos teóricos a nivel práctico, desarrollando así las implicancias de los impactos ambientales negativos antes,durante y después de la ejecución de actividades productivas.
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Ritzka, Martin Stefan. "Incorporation of Sustainable Development Concerns in Regulatory Impact Assessments." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-297575.
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Regulatory Impact Analyses (RIA) are carried out in order to determine how a project or regulation affects the economy, society and environment. Traditionally, RIAs are carried out through cost benefit assessments and by monetizing different variables in order to assist policymakers with their decision. The main disadvantage of it, is that highly relevant social and environmental factors are difficult to quantify, thus providing weak or "incomplete" support to policy-makers in their final decision and enabling long-term consequences. An option to improving RIAs, is by taking into account such factors with the introduction of Sustainable Development (SD) concerns early in the decision making process. This is a trend that has been gaining more momentum and support, especially in OECD and EU members. The shift towards the inclusion of such concerns at a regulatory and legislative level nonetheless still presents itself to be a challenge and has wide room for improvements. On this research, four different countries and the European Union are analyzed and compared, presenting their current RIA practices and how much they take into account sustainability concerns with the intent on showing where can they be improved and better included.
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Carniel, Beatriz de Faria. "Avaliação de impactos ambientais e sociais do uso da nanotecnologia na agricultura: uma proposta metodológica." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/7025.
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Previous issue date: 2013-06-17Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
Nanotechnology has been reported as a technology that will have further development in this century and agricultural nanotechnologies gain space with the discovery of its potential applications in the transport of substances, nanosensors, nanocapsules, among others. Many of these nanoproducts are already found in the market or in development, therefore, exposure to nanoparticles concerns the scientific community and policy makers. In this context, this project aims to develop a methodology for assessing the environmental and social impacts of nanotechnology use in agriculture. Given the complexity and scope of nanotechnology, impact indicators were formulated by reviewing specialized scientific literature. The indicators were conceptually validated in a remote consultation with experts of areas related to agricultural nanotechnology through a questionnaire formulated according to the Delphi technique. The Impactos AGNano method has the indicators as an essential basis for its development and has two stages of evaluation: Safety Assessment (preliminary assessment to obtain the Security Index) and Impact Assessment (for obtaining Impact Index). The method was validated in a presential consultation with experts of areas related to nanotechnology in agriculture.
A nanotecnologia tem sido reportada como a tecnologia que terá maior desenvolvimento neste século e as nanotecnologias agrícolas ganham espaço com a descoberta de suas potenciais aplicações no transporte de substâncias, nanossensores, nanocápsulas, entre outros. Muitos destes nanoprodutos já são encontrados no mercado ou em desenvolvimento, dessa forma, a exposição às nanopartículas utilizadas nessas tecnologias preocupa a comunidade científica e os legisladores. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo a criação de uma metodologia para a avaliação dos impactos ambientais e sociais do uso de nanotecnologias na agricultura. Dada a complexidade e abrangência da área nanotecnológica, indicadores de impacto foram formulados através de revisão de literatura especializada. Os indicadores foram validados conceitualmente em uma consulta remota a especialistas de áreas relacionadas à nanotecnologia agrícola por meio de questionário formulado de acordo com a técnica Delphi. O método Impactos AGNano foi desenvolvido utilizando os indicadores como base e possui duas etapas de avaliação: Avaliação de Segurança (avaliação preliminar para obtenção do Índice de Segurança) e Avaliação de Impacto (para obtenção do Índice de Impacto). O método foi validado em consulta presencial a especialistas de áreas relacionadas a nanotecnologia agrícola.
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Lung, Hon-kei William. "Environmental impact assessments and transport development in Hong Kong." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23339251.
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Crespo, Cuaresma Jesus, Olha Danylo, Steffen Fritz, Ian McCallum, Michael Obersteiner, Linda See, and Brian Walsh. "Economic Development and Forest Cover: Evidence from Satellite Data." SpringerNature, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep40678.
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Ongoing deforestation is a pressing, global environmental issue with direct impacts on climate
change, carbon emissions, and biodiversity. There is an intuitive link between economic development
and overexploitation of natural resources including forests, but this relationship has proven difficult
to establish empirically due to both inadequate data and convoluting geo-climactic factors. In this
analysis, we use satellite data on forest cover along national borders in order to study the determinants
of deforestation differences across countries. Controlling for trans-border geo-climactic differences, we
find that income per capita is the most robust determinant of differences in cross-border forest cover.
We show that the marginal effect of per capita income growth on forest cover is strongest at the earliest
stages of economic development, and weakens in more advanced economies, presenting some of
the strongest evidence to date for the existence of at least half of an environmental Kuznets curve for
deforestation.
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Buehren, N. "Essays in development economics : three impact evaluations." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1398305/.
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This thesis analyzes the impact of three distinct development initiatives on measures of socio-economic behavior and well-being. Although thematically di erent, all three chapters methodologically utilize similar microeconometric models to estimate impacts based on individual and household level panel data. The rst chapter examines the impact of the Empowerment and Livelihood for Adolescents programme in Uganda. The analysis nds that the programme improves female adolescents' HIV and pregnancy related knowledge, increases condom usage and decreases the probability of reported motherhood. Furthermore, the intervention raises the likelihood of being engaged in income generation especially in self-employment activities. The second chapter investigates the e ectiveness of increased access to credit through the One Million Baht Village Fund programme in Thailand. Naive estimates indicate that participants increase their expenditures and debt level but not income. Correcting for a possible self-selection bias uncovers extensive impact heterogeneity rendering the programme's e ectiveness inconclusive. The third chapter evaluates the impact of the Saving Mobilization programme in Uganda designed to promote the utilization of formal saving products. The analysis nds that the intervention is successful in increasing the usage of saving devices at semi-formal nancial institutions. The total amount of savings, however, remains una ected. Importantly, the analysis uncovers substantial impact heterogeneity. Illiterate individuals and individuals who experienced theft in the recent past are far more likely to save at formal institutions in response to project participation.
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Hanif, Mohammed Ahsan. "Western Fatwa Councils : their development and impact." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/2797/.
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This study examines Western fatwā councils and all of the different aspects related to them. It looks at their modus operandi, the way they operate, choose, research and discuss topics, issue fatwas and then disseminate those fatwas. The study also undertakes field research to determine the way in which general Muslims as well as imāms and Muslim lecturers view the councils. At the same time, the research also portrays the views of some of the members of the councils with regards to the councils. The thesis focuses on a number of issues; firstly it defines ‘Fiqh for Muslim Minorities’ and strongly endorses it as a justified branch of Islamic law. Secondly, it highlights the historical roots to fatwā councils and how have they developed over time, thereby showing that scholars have throughout Muslim history gathered to discuss and debate religious issues. It takes an in-depth look at Western fatwā councils, discussing their formation and main aims and objectives. The research goes into detail regarding their modus operandi and the way they function. Another element of the study is to analyse the edicts of Western fatwā councils and see to what extent they agree with one another, other worldwide fatwā councils as well as classical opinions of jurists on the same or similar issues. The research also commissions social research whereby the views of the general Muslim public as well as imams and Muslim preachers are gauged. This study finds that there is a great need for fatwā councils, particularly in the West and that they play a very important role for Muslims in Western societies. The issues they discuss and the edicts they issue often deal with important and pertinent topics. Western fatwā Councils have made great strides since their inception. At the same time the study finds that Western fatwā Councils fall short in having raised sufficient awareness about them and their work. Councils also fall short in allowing easy access to their work, the dissemination of their work and in connecting with Western Muslims in their languages.
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Harley-McClaskey, Deborah. "Impact of Cocurricular Experience on Leadership Development." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2000. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4720.
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Merrell, Aaron Jake. "Development, Classification and Biomedical Applications of Nano Composite Piezoresponsive Foam." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7338.
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This dissertation focuses on the development of and applications for Nano-Composite Piezoresponsive Foam (NCPF). This self-sensing foam sensor technology was discovered through research in a sister technology, High Deflection Strain Gauges (HDSG), and was subsequently developed with some of the same base materials. Both technologies use nano and micro conductive additives to provide electrically responsive properties to materials which otherwise are insulative. NCPF sensors differ from HDSGs in that they provide a dual electrical response to dynamic and static loading, which is measured through an internally generated charge, or a change in resistance. This dissertation focuses on the development of the dynamic or piezoresponsive aspect of the NCPF sensors which tends to have more consistent electrical response over a larger number of cycles. The primary development goal was to produce a sensor that was accurate, while providing a consistent, repeatable response over multiple impacts. The hypothesized electric generation is attributed to a triboelectric interaction between the conductive additives and the polyurethane foam matrix. This hypothesis was validated by examining different conductive additives with varying loading levels and specific surface areas while accounting for other design considerations such as the electrode used to harvest the response. The results of this analysis support the triboelectric model and point to carbon or nickel-based additives for optimal performance. The NCPF response measured by digital signal acquisition devices is directly dependent upon its input impedance. Increased input capacitance has a negative effect on the signal, however, higher input resistance has a positive linear correlation to voltage. Other considerations that affect the electrical response include the temperature and humidity in which the sensor is used and result in a scaled electrical response.NCPF sensors are ideally suited for use in systems which benefit from impact energy attenuation while measuring the same. This work demonstrates how the NCPF sensors can be used to detect severity and location of impacts in systems with multiple sensors (football helmets), and those with one continuous sensor (carpets). When NCPF sensors were used in a football helmet the impact severity and location of impact was accurately identified. NCPF sensors provide the benefit of simplified design by replacing existing foam while providing a direct measure of the forces. Additional research was conducted on the changes in material properties, specifically how it affects the foam structure<'>s ability to absorb energy in quasi static loading scenarios. NCPF sensors are demonstrated as viable tool to measure many different biomechanical systems.
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Vaz, Greyce Maria Labre. "Alternativas de financiamento para o alcance dos ODS." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/21130.
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Mestrado em Desenvolvimento e Cooperação InternacionalO financiamento de projetos para alcance dos ODS tem sido maioritariamente conduzido por meio de APD dos países que integram o CAD-OCDE, e por algumas iniciativas de países em desenvolvimento, como a cooperação Sul-Sul. Cada país que compõe a OCDE se comprometeu em doar 0,7% do seu PIB anual para projetos que visam a redução da pobreza no mundo até 2030. Entretanto, com o não cumprimento desse compromisso e o objetivo de "não deixar ninguém para trás" faz com que a busca por novos atores para contribuir com esse objetivo se torne uma realidade. Nesse cenário, este trabalho apresentará alternativas disponíveis no mundo para viabilizar a redução da pobreza e desigualdade, por meio da participação/financiamento do setor privado a projetos que buscam a promoção de negócios que gerem impacto positivo na sociedade e meio ambiente.
The financing of projects to reach the SDGs has been mostly carried out through ODA from the countries that are part of the CAD-OECD, and by some initiatives of developing countries, as the South-South cooperation. Each country that makes up the OECD has committed to donate 0.7% of its annual GDP to projects that aim to reduce poverty in the world by 2030. However, with the non-fulfillment of this commitment and the objective of "leaving no one behind" makes the search for new actors to contribute to this goal become a reality. In this scenario, this work will present alternatives available in the world to enable the reduction of poverty and inequality, through the participation / financing of the private sector to projects that seek to promote businesses that generate a positive impact on society and the environment.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Clower, Martha Wolf. "The impact of sex-role development upon utilization of life review in males." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1056129028.
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Shelley, R. M. "Development of HDPE fuel tanks." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1987. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/11033.
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Plastics fuel tanks have been used successfully abroad ; metal counterparts are still predominant in this country plastics tanks have to satisfy stringent performance regulations : low temperature impact tests ; permeability ; and fire resistance. Blow moulded high density polyethylene (HDPE) fuel tanks have superior strength to mass ratio compared with metal equivalents (the density of steel is about 8000 kg/m3 compared with HDPE, which has a density of under 1000 kg/m3 ). HDPE will tend to drip in a fire situation, thus reducing explosion risk. HDPE is the chosen material because it possesses inherent properties suitable for the blow moulding process : it has a high viscosity at low stresses ; and is highly inert. Rotational moulded HDPE fuel tanks can also be considered. However, these are shown to have inferior properties when compared with blow moulded tanks ; attraction of rotational moulding is the cheapness of equipment. Petrol immersion was found to enhance impact properties of HDPE, although yield stresses were lowered slightly. The thickness distributions of blow moulded fuel tanks were found to vary ; this is because of the present difficulty of predicting parison behaviour with respect to time. Thickness is important because of impact strength and permeation considerations. Impact properties of fuel tanks were assessed ; peak force of impact was found to be heavily dependent on thickness (raised to the power 1.1) and temperature of mould in the blow moulding process (a low mould temperature led to inferior properties). Pinch-offs were found to be particularly detrimental to impact properties. Cooling behaviour was investigated. With the aid of a cooling model for blow mouldings, it was found that a warm mould (40·C) could be used with internal air circulation to obtain a cooling time the same as that with a cold mould and no air circulation. Thus optimising mechanical strength and maintaining economic viability. Welding of injection moulded fittings to the main blow moulded body of the fuel tank was found to be faulty, in all of the tanks examined ; many weld failures have been reported in use. This work determines optimum welding conditions for HDPE grades, these are Rigidex H060-45P and Lupolen 426l-A.
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Dean, Graeme Michael. "The Impact of Virtual Geographies: Video Gaming and Wayfinding." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2010. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/73238.
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GeographyM.A.
Success in spatial skills can be an indicator of success in mathematics and sciences. Wayfinding, the ability to purposefully navigate, is one such important spatial skill. Spatial skills can be developed in a number of ways, one of which may include playing video games. Research gathered from a survey and mapping exercise, indicates that though video games may not have a statistically significant impact on wayfinding, experience does. When properly utilized, video games could become part of that important spatial skill training experience.
Temple University--Theses
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Millington, Faith W. E. "The impact of remittances on GDP in CARICOM." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20084.
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This study investigates the relationship between remittances and economic growth in the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) from 1975 to 2013, where remittances are measured as a share of GDP and economic growth is measured by GDP per capita growth. Using multivariate linear regression analysis and the Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) the researcher tested the hypothesis that remittances have a positive relationship on GDP per capita growth within CARICOM. Additionally, the ability of financial development to influence the relationship between remittances and GDP per capita growth was also tested. In this study financial development was measured using the proxy variables of quasi money, M2 and banking credit to the private sector. The relationship between remittances and economic growth has been shown to vary across countries and regions. In this study it was found that remittances as a share of GDP growth do not have an overall statistically significant influence on GDP per capita growth but do effect GDP per capita growth through their interactions with inflation and banking credit to the private sector.
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Kapepula, Annie. "Communication and its impact on enterprise financial sustainability." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29001.
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This study investigates the impact of value communication on financial sustainability of not for profits set up as small to medium scale enterprises. The major objective is to determine whether there is a significant impact on the financial sustainability if not for profits create a more aggressive approach and innovate way of communicating with financiers and donors on matters concerning their strategic plans and budgets. The four pillars of financial sustainability have been considered focusing mostly on Strategic and financial planning or budgeting. Measuring sustainability for a not for profit differs from that of a profit making enterprise in that measures such as return on capital employed would be meaningless since most not for profit have a low capital base and are not bottom-line focused. The independent variable has been identified as value communication of strategic and financial planning or budgeting with donors or potential funders while the dependent variable is financial sustainability defined as meeting current budgetary demands. Moderating and Intervening variables identified include ; global financial environment ,operating environment, policy position of donor funding states, donor funding policies, goals and objectives, structure of donor funding towards development programmes and projects and CEO charisma and communication attributes. The study followed a survey design, and employed Times Series as evaluative method for quantitative analysis. Analysis was based on primary data generated through a structured questionnaire administered on respondents. Respondents were employees in selected not for profit organizations working in the four key development services supporting the Millennium Development Goals and Sixth National Development Plan, namely Health, Education, Agriculture and Water and Sanitation in Zambia. Interviews were also conducted with various financiers and donors of the selected not for profit enterprises. Responses to research statements were scaled and converted to quantitative data via Likert scale developed for the study to enable segmentation of the data responses into dependent and independent variables based on communication and financial sustainability variables. This study will help not for profits create an innovative communication strategy so as not to risk losing funding to other competitors or new comers on the scene.
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Tanner, Diane Janet. "Environmental impact assessment and its role in regional development planning." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25057.
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This study documents strengths and weaknesses inherent in Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), as currently practiced at the federal level in Canada. Two case studies are examined—the Beaufort Sea hydrocarbon development and production Environmental Assessment and Review Process (EARP), and the West Coast offshore hydrocarbon exploration EIA (a joint federal/provincial review). By examining current strengths and weaknesses valuable lessons can be learned and utilized in adapting the role of EIA within wider planning processes. The major objective of this study is to determine how the West Coast EIA can contribute to a more considered approach to development planning in the West Coast region.
The study reviews relevant literature on planning and EIA to provide information on theoretical relationships between EIA and planning. This provided a basis for evaluating strengths and weaknesses of the Beaufort Sea EARP. The West Coast EIA was compared and contrasted to the Beaufort Sea EARP to determine what lessons had been learned from the latter review. Based on this evaluation, suggestions were made on ways in which the West Coast EIA, principally through the panel's recommendations, could contribute both to improvements in EARP, and to effective planning and management of West Coast offshore hydrocarbon resources.
Evaluation of the two case studies revealed that there are both strengths and weaknesses evident in EIA. Major strengths are the comprehensive scope of the reviews, public involvement, and, in the case of the Beaufort Sea EARP, the provision of intervenor funding, and, a unique opportunity to examine government's management capability.
Both EIAs are affected by similar external circumstances--the lack of a coordinated policy and planning framework, and outstanding native claims. The Beaufort Sea EARP panel failed to make the most of its opportunity to address the partial policy and planning vacuum. The West Coast EIA panel still has an opportunity to address the partial vacuum within which it is operating.
The Beaufort Sea EARP and West Coast EIA both examine preliminary project proposals associated with hydrocarbon activities. However, the Beaufort Sea EARP panel provided little guidance on how such preliminary EIAs should be handled in future, or recommendations on subsequent project specific EIA requirements. The thesis suggests ways in which the West Coast EIA can avoid repeating this deficiency.
There is a definite weakness in EARP procedure. As a one-shot approach, EARP focuses on the product (the Environmental Impact Statement) rather than on environmental management as an ongoing, continuous process. Thus, the Beaufort Sea EIA process ended after the panel submitted its Final Report, and it appears that the same will apply for the West Coast. EIA review. Consequently, there is no guarantee that management-oriented monitoring, which should be an integral part of EIA, will be undertaken. This study concludes that if the West Coast EIA is to make a valuable contribution to regional development planning the panel should more fully utilize the information it receives than previous panels have done. Moreover, it must clearly establish and document in its Final Report the major issues and concerns impeding orderly development of the region. How will these concerns interfere with hydrocarbon exploration and other resource uses? How can governments act to resolve these outstanding issues? This requires going beyond merely documenting future data and research requirements to a consideration of the policy, planning and institutional requirements for rational development of West Coast resources.
I suggest several major issues deserving of focused attention: lack of a coordinated regional planning framework; project need assessment; jurisdictional dispute; outstanding native claims; future project specific EIA requirements; community involvement in future assessments; monitoring; intervenor funding; and compensation. The panel, of course, may uncover other issues and concerns.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
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MacDonald, Ann. "The impact of the B.C. enterprise development centres on local economic development." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26871.
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The thesis identifies several characteristics intrinsic to a process of local economic development. Intended as a proactive
and endogenous process, local economic development seeks to reduce a region's reliance on exported primary resources and external economies. Strategies intended to encourage the process frequently address two factors: how capital leakages can be decreased and how the value of exports can be increased.
The thesis addresses two variables in local economic development. One is the role of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurial ventures facilitate new technologies and services, provide competition to existing companies and create new jobs which are locally based and owner-operated.
A second variable is the twofold role played by education and the colleges in particular in facilitating the establishment of an environment which is conducive to entrepreneurship. As learning institutions, the colleges have an important role to play in the promotion of attitudes and values required to encourage entrepreneurial ventures. A second role is to identify and address regional economic development opportunities.
Informational barriers, in the form of poor access to business educational services, restrict the numbers of entrepreneurial ventures in the province and contribute to high numbers of business failures. A college-based enterprise development centre is introduced in the thesis as a novel way to overcome these barriers and address the needs of the entrepreneur and the small business owner/operator. In their association with the colleges, these centres could also serve to promote attitudes and values which make entrepreneurship and self-employment a feasible option in the minds of college students.
The thesis identifies three particular objectives for a college-based enterprise development centre: to deliver highly responsive and flexible educational services to the small business sector; to establish a close and interactive relationship between the college and the small business sector in order to encourage experiential learning and enhanced levels of entrepreneurship among the students, and to identify and facilitate the training for local economic development opportunities.
These objectives are contained in a model EDC which is used as a yardstick to evaluate eight enterprise development centres established by the colleges in B.C. via the Local Economic Development and Renewal Fund (LERD). Four particular areas of interest constitute the basis of the evaluation: the extent to which the centres are engaged in a process which contributes to local economic development and the creation of new wealth; the flexible delivery of educational services to the small business sector; the promotion of entrepreneurship; and the integration of the centres with their respective colleges.
The most dominant impact of the B.C. enterprise development centres appears to be in the delivery of educational services to the small business sector. The centres provide one-to-one counselling and business services in a way which is flexible and responsive to the needs of the small business sector. They are also actively promoting entrepreneurship in that they have helped to establish support and professional networks for new entrepreneurs. Two primary weaknesses of the existing B.C. structure are the reactive nature of the centres' activities and their weak and poorly integrated links to the colleges.
Two overall conclusions are drawn. One, as few regional policies appear to be in place to encourage the formulation of a regional strategy, the thesis concludes that the LERD fund is not reflective of renewed support for regional planning and development in the province. Also, there is little evidence to suggest that a decentralization effort intended to create more local autonomy and control over the colleges is occurring. A second conclusion is that the colleges are not being restructured in order that they may become more pro-actively involved in a process of local economic development.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
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Piper, Jacqueline Melissa. "Cumulative effects assessment in the UK : progress and potential." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325474.
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Pinho, Paulo Manuel Neto da Costa. "Planning and control for environmental policy : a study in Portugal." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282798.
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Mayawala, Divyam. "Analysis of the impact of agricultural sector on economic growth." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 93 p, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1459902411&sid=12&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Harper, Richard Eugene. "Development of novel synthetic turf infill materials." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54346.
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Mitigation of health and heat-build-up issues related to black, granulated crumb rubber infill (GCRI) in synthetic turf fields (STF) while maintaining acceptable impact absorption properties was the central goal of this study. The first step was establishing a STF baseline performance of GCRI samples that originated from several sources while elucidating the synergistic parameters between infill and turf that promulgate acceptable impact performance. Based on the knowledge base built on the GCRI-STF standard, three polymeric waste streams selected for their benign chemical contents, non-black colors and competitive low costs were evaluated as alternate turf infill materials: post-consumer carpet broadloom (PCCB), post-consumer carpet tile (PCCT) and recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) drink bottles. For ground PCCB carcass (the base on the carpet construction remaining after the face fibers were removed), the heterogeneous composition of unconfined fine particles and remaining short fibers prevented sufficient material integration to allow sufficient impact energy absorption. The ground PET homogeneous particles alone lacked sufficient impact absorption capabilities, and their synergistic interactions with the turf blade yarns were not sufficient to meet specified levels of impact performance. Only the PCCT infill crumb possessed a heterogeneous structure that effectively filled the STF to yield sufficient impact cushioning comparable to standard GCRI. In conclusion, PCCT was shown to be a technically-viable candidate for GCRI infill replacement, warranting further development to bring it into closer cost competitiveness to GCRI and ensure long-term wear and weathering performance in synthetic turf.
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Clements, Rebecca Louise. "A social and environmental impact assessment that examines the impacts that have resulted from the construction and operation of the Channel Tunnel." Thesis, University of Canterbury. National Centre for Research on Europe, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/924.
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This thesis examines the social and environmental impacts that have resulted from the construction and operation of the Channel Tunnel. Nord-Pas de Calais, Kent, France, Britain and Europe were all affected through the establishment of the Channel Tunnel. Three sections make up the body of this thesis: i. context and theory ii. social, environmental and economic impacts associated with the construction and operation of the tunnel iii. acknowledgement of the impacts that this development has had on the European Union. This study draws from an extensive body of literature in identifying and examining the issues that preceded and followed this development. The social and environmental impacts associated with public opposition, environmental impacts, land possession, soil disposal, environmental disturbance, water pollution, noise disturbance, energy consumption, water contamination, fire safety and asylum seekers remain the principal discussion points identifiable throughout this piece. These issues are largely concentrated on the areas of Nord-Pas de Calais and Kent, although they are infiltrating the wider European Union in a number of ways. The social and environmental impact assessments conducted prior to the construction of the of the Channel Tunnel proved to be tools that helped ensure that the bodies driving the development were made accountable for the impacts that arose. These processes also facilitated public involvement through public consultation in the development of social and environmental impact assessment. Early identification and recognition of the social and environmental issues identified by these reports led to a more comprehensive approach to project design, construction and operation.
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Klein, Jolie. "Impact of learning centers on preschoolers' social development /." Staten Island, N.Y. : [s.n.], 2005. http://library.wagner.edu/theses/education/2005/thesis_edu_2005_klein_impac.pdf.
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Yang, Kwan-Ho. "Development of impact testing procedure at elevated temperature /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7038.
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Gavilan, Sjöström Oliver. "Entrepreneurial Ventures : And their impact on economic development." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-36594.
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The impact that the small business sector has on the economy is well known and has been extensively studied. In 2008, 46% of the Swedish workforce in the private sector were employed by small businesses, the small businesses where also accountable for 42% of GDP, these are just some arguments in behalf of the impact that they have on the Swedish economy. Reviewing theories of entrepreneurship this paper asks if maybe a disproportionate part of the impact dealt by the small business sector comes from the entrepreneurial ventures that operate within that same sector. Because small businesses and entrepreneurial ventures in the small business sector find themselves in an overlap they are often confused with each other. Many studies fail to differentiate between these to organizational structures and therefore the impact on the economy dealt by entrepreneurial ventures is joined with the impact that is dealt by small businesses. With a qualitative approach, the use of two case studies and discussing theories developed by scholars in the field, this paper identifies an entrepreneurial venture that operates within the small business sector and compares it to an ordinary non-entrepreneurial small business that operates within that same sector. With the use of further theories it also identifies which of the two organisations that has the greatest impact on economic development. The results lead to the conclusion that a differentiation between entrepreneurial ventures and ordinary small businesses needs do be done so that political efforts, academic research and literature in the field can be reallocated towards entrepreneurial ventures and the field of entrepreneurship as a whole. The paper also gives suggestions for further research with the use of a quantitative approach and greater sample size so that results can be generalized.
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DiBiase, Deborah. "Formative Assessment Professional Development| Impact on Teacher Practice." Thesis, Johnson & Wales University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3621976.
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With increasing demands on student achievement as set forth by the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) (2001), teachers are the catalyst for improving their students' performance (Marzano, 2000). Existing studies on the use of formative assessment as a process by which teachers elicit information of their students' progress and use that information to inform their instruction have shown promising results in student achievement gains (Wiliam & Thompson, 2007). Extensive teacher professional development is needed, however, to instill a change in teacher practice needed to successfully employ formative assessment resulting in improved student achievement (Trumbull & Lash, 2013; Wiley & Heritage, 2010).
The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between Linking Learning and Assessment professional development (including online training modules and communities of practice) as well as other forms of professional development on formative assessment and resulting self-perceived teacher practice, and what aspects of the professional development teachers found meaningful in improving their practice.
This study utilized a mixed-methods design. A questionnaire was administered to middle level educators (N=82) throughout the state followed by a focus group interview (N=5). Quantitative data analysis consisted of descriptive statistics, correlations, Anova, and t-tests. Qualitative data were obtained through open-ended questions and the focus group. Content analysis was conducted to analyze the qualitative data obtained through the focus group interview and the open-ended questions on the questionnaire.
A major finding of this study is that most teachers are in the early stages of implementing the formative assessment process and have begun to realize the power of formative assessment. Those who have had ongoing and intensive training have begun to see meaningful changes in their practice. Professional development found to be most meaningful to teachers includes: collaboration, active learning opportunities and coherence. In addition, teachers expressed the need for professional development to be differentiated to meet their individual needs.
The results of this study may serve to inform teachers, administrators, districts and state departments of education when developing and implementing professional development in general as well as professional development on formative assessment.
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Phippen, Andrew David. "Component technologies and their impact upon software development." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1723.
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Software development is beset with problems relating to development productivity, resulting in projects delivered late and over budget. While the term software engineering was first introduced in the late sixties, its current state reflects no other engineering discipline. Component-orientation has been proposed as a technique to address the problems of development productivity and much industrial literature extols the benefits of a component-oriented approach to software development. This research programme assesses the use of component technologies within industrial software development. From this assessment, consideration is given to how organisations can best adopt such techniques. Initial work focuses upon the nature of component-orientation, drawing from the considerable body of industrial literature in the area. Conventional wisdom regarding componentorientation is identified from the review. Academic literature relevant to the research programme focuses upon knowledge regarding the assessment of software technologies and models for the adoption of emergent technologies. The method pays particular attention to literature concerning practitioner focussed research, in particular case studies. The application of the case study method is demonstrated. The study of two industrial software development projects enables an examination of specific propositions related to the effect of using component technologies. Each case study is presented, and the impact of component-orientation is each case is demonstrated. Theories regarding the impact of component technologies upon software development are drawn from case study results. These theories are validated through a survey of practitioners. This enabled further examination of experience in component-based development and also understanding how developers learn about the techniques. A strategy for the transfer of research findings into organisational knowledge focuses upon the packaging of previous experience in the use of component-orientation in such a way that it was usable by other developers. This strategy returns to adoption theories in light of the research findings and identifies a pattern-based approach as the most suitable for the research aims. A pattern language, placed in the context of the research programme, is developed from this strategy. Research demonstrates that component-orientation undoubtedly does affect the development process, and it is necessary to challenge conventional wisdom regarding their use. While component-orientation provides the mechanisms for increased productivity in software development, these benefits cannot be exploited without a sound knowledge base around the domain.
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Bloom, Emily. "The impact of imaginary companions on social development." Lynchburg, Va. : Liberty University, 2008. http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu.
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Bozeman, Marci L. "The impact of service-learning on cognitive development." Thesis, This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-02132009-171324/.
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White, Deborah H. "The Impact of Cocurricular Experience on Leadership Development." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1998. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2992.
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This study investigated the impact of cocurricular activities on leadership development. College graduates recognized as community leaders were selected from three communities in Georgia, Kentucky, and Tennessee. Through survey and interview techniques, the leaders were asked to reflect on high school and college experiences that led to their development as leaders. The study included a focus on differences in experiences of male and female leaders. Developmental influences such as family, mentors, global experience, and the cocurricular activities engaged in during high school and college were explored. Title IX had no impact on increased opportunities for women in this group of participants, as only two female participants were in college in 1972. Results of the study include the importance of mentors, the strength of high school teachers and cocurricular activities, and the weak influence of college cocurricular activities. High school activities most frequently reported to have influenced leadership development include student government, group music experiences, athletics, and church youth groups. College activities with the most impact include resident hall living and internships. Gender differences in experiences include women's lack of identified community mentors and the importance of a college internship experience for women. Opportunities for men's participation in sports in high school and college as well as their descriptions of community mentors provided different learning experiences for men. Recommendations include a call to higher education to develop a more comprehensive and integrated approach to leadership education. Teaching mentoring skills to future K-12 education professionals as well as college faculty and administrators is recommended to higher education. Student Affairs preparation programs have a role to play in training future professionals how to plan meaningful leadership learning opportunities for students on campus and through distance education. Applying the best practices in experiential education will move college cocurricular activities to a higher level in achieving student learning outcomes. Accreditation bodies are also called to include such criteria in the evaluation of leadership education programs. The community leaders in this study offered leadership development advice to college students including becoming lifelong experiential learners, giving back to community, and preparing broadly for the future.
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Mathis, Kaitlyn A. "Impact of reduced calcium during development in snakes." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/331.
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In squamate reptiles, the evolutionary transition from oviparity to viviparity is accompanied by loss of the calcareous outer eggshell, which suggests significant implications for the role of calcium during embryonic development (Packard et al., 1977). An experiment was designed to evaluate the impact of reduced calcium availability during development in the oviparous corn snake, Pantherophis guttatus (Stewart and Ecay, 2013). Results from that study showed significant decreases in the mass and length of hatchling corn snakes when the outer calcareous eggshell layer was removed during development. In vertebrates, variation in total body length reflects skeletal differences---primarily differences in the number or sizes of vertebrae and/or differences in length of the skull. Skeletal components obviously are affected by the availability of calcium during development. My study was designed to determine the anatomical and developmental bases for the smaller size observed in hatchling snakes subjected to reduction of eggshell calcium during embryonic development.
My hypotheses were, as follows: 1) Differences in mass reflected differences in overall length of hatchlings; 2) Differences in length resulted from decreased size of vertebrae---rather than decreased number---and/or decreased length of skulls in hatchlings with reduced calcium. Hatchlings were prepared for skeletal analysis via clearing-and-staining. Vertebrae of each hatchling were counted and size measurements obtained for separate spinal regions (cervical, thoracic, and caudal). Results demonstrate a significant treatment effect on size of vertebrae in the thoracic and anterior caudal regions, as well as length of the skull. These findings suggest that reduced developmental calcium, comparable to the condition in viviparous species, impacts ossification and growth of skeletal elements in late development.
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FLORES, ANA LUIZA SILVA DE ALVAREZ. "THE FISCAL REGIME IMPACT ON SUBSALT RESERVES DEVELOPMENT." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2010. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=15821@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROA adoção de regimes fiscais em diversas indústrias vem sendo tema de discussões no meio acadêmico há diversos anos. Apesar de não se chegar a uma conclusão sobre qual regime é o mais eficiente, existe um consenso geral de que os regimes fiscais devem ser, tanto quanto possível, neutros. Ou seja, não devem impactar o nível de investimento e a atividade econômica devido à sua aplicação. A questão se torna ainda mais complexa quando a indústria analisada é a de exploração e produção de petróleo, na medida em que se trata de uma commodity essencial para garantir a segurança e autonomia nacional e, no caso da maior parte das reservas, com acesso restrito. No Brasil, durante anos a indústria de petróleo sequer foi capaz de garantir a autosuficiência de óleo do país. Mas recentemente, com a descoberta do mega campo de Tupi na região do pré-sal, teve início uma nova era na indústria petrolífera do país. Além do potencial de crescimento da produção de óleo nacional, surgem diversas questões quanto ao marco regulatório a ser adotado, já que sob o ponto de vista do governo, o objetivo do marco regulatório deve ser atrair investimentos e capturar o retorno econômico máximo de suas reservas. Sob as atuais circunstâncias, é provável que o governo queira aumentar sua participação sobre a produção das reservas da região do pré-sal, entretanto é preciso analisar com cuidado os reais benefícios de se adotar uma política mais restritiva frente aos pesados investimentos que serão necessários para desenvolver as reservas desta região. Este trabalho analisa cinco regimes fiscais atualmente em vigor em diferentes países, além do atual marco regulatório brasileiro, com o objetivo de avaliar como o país poderá reter o maior benefício econômico possível, através da análise de diferentes cargas tributárias, seu peso sobre a atratividade dos investimentos e o desincentivo às empresas explorarem de forma ótima as reservas das quais adquirem concessão.
The adoption of tax systems in different industries has been a discussion subject in academic circles for several years. Although a conclusion hasn’t been reached yet about which system is more efficient, there is a consensus that tax systems should be neutral. In other words, the level of investment and the economic activity shouldn’t be affected by its application. The issue becomes even more complex when the industry being analyzed is upstream, to the extent that it is a commodity essential to ensure national security and autonomy, which usually has restricted access. In Brazil, for several years the oil industry wasn’t even able to guarantee domestic oil self sufficiency, but recently, with the discovery of huge Tupi field in the subsalt region, a new era began in the country s oil industry. Besides the enormous potential to increase production of domestic oil, there are several issues regarding the regulatory framework that should be adopted, since the government’s goal for the regulatory framework should be to attract investment and capture the maximum economic return of its reserves. Under current circumstances, it’s very likely that the government will consider increasing its share of the production from the subsalt region. However, the real benefits of adopting a more restrictive policy should be carefully analyzed, as heavy investments will be needed to develop the reserves in this region. This paper analyzes five tax systems currently adopted in different countries, besides the current regulatory framework in Brazil, aiming to evaluate how the country can retain the maximum economic benefit possible, through the analysis of different tax rates, its impact on investment attractiveness and the disincentive of private investment in acquiring concession of great reserves.
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Kunieda, Yoichiro. "Development of an impact assessment tool for demolition." Thesis, University of Bath, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.715294.
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Currently in the field of demolition, which generates most of the waste in the construction industry, the treatment of waste largely relies on landfill or degraded recycling, which leads to significant consumption of natural resource and energy and a shortage of landfill site. In order to improve the inefficiency of demolition waste recovery, “to suggest improvements in the environmental impact of the demolition industry in UK” was set as the aim of the present research. After the identification of few opportunities for communication between demolishers and constructers in the current social system, a collaboration support system between these two stakeholders called ‘Demolition Project Mapping’ (DPM) system was suggested. In the system, the impact evaluation tool developed in the 4D-CAD software is applied to the demolition project simulation. This tool allows the users to dynamically simulate the impact of project planning which can be designed in the tool. In the pilot study, the simulation result shows the large potential to reduce the impact (e.g. 28% for the cost) by the tool application.