Academic literature on the topic 'Impact of CSR practices'

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Journal articles on the topic "Impact of CSR practices"

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Ackers, Barry, and Neil Stuart Eccles. "Mandatory corporate social responsibility assurance practices." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 28, no. 4 (May 18, 2015): 515–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-12-2013-1554.

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Purpose – Despite its voluntary nature, the Johannesburg stock exchange (JSE) requires all listed companies to apply the King III principles, including providing independent CSR assurance. King III has accordingly made independent CSR assurance a de facto mandatory requirement, albeit on an “apply or explain” basis. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact mandatory corporate social responsibility (CSR) assurance practices in South Africa, within a King III context. Design/methodology/approach – To understand the impact of King III on South African CSR assurance practices, a longitudinal study covering reporting periods both before and after King III implementation. The first stage reviewed the annual reports of the 200 largest JSE-listed companies to establish the frequency of CSR assurance provision. The second stage involved performing a content analysis on the CSR assurance reports. Findings – King III is driving the institutionalisation of CSR assurance practices in South Africa, as evidenced by the growth in CSR assurance since the implementation of King III. The study also found that the audit profession’s dominance was being eroded by specialist CSR assurors providing higher levels of assurance, despite concerns about the rigour of their assurance methodologies. Voluntary CSR assurance practices have resulted in the inconsistent application of CSR assurance practices, impairing the ability of stakeholders to understand the nature and scope of CSR assurance engagements. It is argued that this deficiency may be overcome through the imposition of a mandatory CSR assurance regime. Originality/value – The pervasive impact of the King Code of Governance on South African organisations makes it appropriate to examine its impact on South African CSR assurance practices. As such, this paper represents one of the first studies to specifically consider the impact of a mandatory regulatory requirement for independent CSR assurance and suggests a future direction for global CSR assurance practices.
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Fofuh, Peter, and Olawumi Dele Awolusi. "Corporate Social Responsibility in Cameroon: Practices and Environmental Impact." Journal of Education and Vocational Research 12, no. 1(V) (November 16, 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jevr.v12i1(v).3205.

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The purpose of this study is to examine how CSR is practiced by local businesses and their influence on environmental protection and sustainable growth in Cameroon. Grounded on the stakeholder theory, a multi-method data collection tool was used to collect data for qualitative analysis. A thematic content analysis was approached was used in this study to examine the CSR practices of 20 local businesses in Cameroon. Findings from the study revealed that the concept of corporate social responsibility is relatively new and local corporations are not fully equipped to address the needs of their stakeholders. Also, environmental concerns and community issues were not areas of concern to companies when adopting CSR strategies. Additionally, government intervention to enforce existing laws and regulations on environmental and social issues was lacking. The study implies that by neglecting environmental concerns local businesses are endangering the environment and failing to plan for sustainable growth. Besides expanding knowledge about the level of CSR awareness and practice in Cameroon by exposing the limitations of local companies in adopting CSR and the laxity of the government in enforcing the relevant laws and legislation. It is recommended, that to plan for sustainable development and environmental protection, the government should be more proactive in upholding laws and regulations related to environmental protection and businesses, being more ethical in their daily practices. CSR policies should also be codified to encourage and compel businesses on the need for environmental protection by requesting businesses produce mandatory CSR disclosures.
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Bhuiyan, Faruk, Kevin Baird, and Rahat Munir. "The association between organisational culture, CSR practices and organisational performance in an emerging economy." Meditari Accountancy Research 28, no. 6 (April 20, 2020): 977–1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/medar-09-2019-0574.

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Purpose This study aims to investigate the influence of organisational culture, specifically O’Reilly et al.’s (1991) six dimensions of the organisational culture profile (respect for people, outcome orientation, team orientation, innovation, attention to detail and stability) on corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices and the subsequent impact of CSR practices on organisational performance from the context of an emerging economy. Design/methodology/approach The study used a survey of middle- and higher-level managers in Bangladeshi organisations to develop a seven-dimensional model of CSR practices and used structural equation modelling to analyse the developed hypotheses. Findings The findings provide evidence of the influence of the six different dimensions of organisational culture on the different dimensions of CSR practices. The findings highlight the diverse impacts (i.e. positive and negative) of CSR practices on organisational performance. The study also highlights the direct influence of organisational culture on both financial and non-financial performance. In particular, the outcome and team orientation culture are positively associated with non-financial and financial performance, respectively, while an innovative culture is negatively associated with both non-financial and financial performance. Practical implications The findings of the study provide practitioners, internal (i.e. the managers and business owners of both the local and multinational organisations) and external policy-makers, and foreign investors in an emerging economy with new insights into the role of an intra-organisational factor (i.e. organisational culture) in influencing the adoption of CSR practices and the subsequent impact of CSR practices on organisational performance. Originality/value Using the 52 guidelines of CSR practices provided by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, this study provides a unique empirical insight into the influence of organisational culture on CSR practices and the impact of CSR practices on organisational performance. The findings contribute to the limited CSR literature examining the influence of organisational culture on the adoption of CSR practices and its subsequent impact on organisational performance in an emerging economy.
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Xie, Linlin, Ting Xu, Yun Le, Qing Chen, Bo Xia, and Martin Skitmore. "Understanding the CSR Awareness of Large Construction Enterprises in China." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (November 25, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8866511.

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With the rapid growth of the construction industry in China in recent years, its impact on society and the environment is increasing, as well as the importance of corporate social responsibility (CSR). In order to understand the CSR awareness and CSR practices of Chinese domestic construction enterprises, this study conducted a comprehensive content analysis of the CSR reports of China’s leading 100 domestic construction enterprises. The results show that the Chinese construction industry’s CSR awareness is generally poor and CRS practices mainly involve corporate governance, environmental management, occupational health and development, economic responsibility, community development, and overseas responsibility. State-owned enterprises are more concerned with community responsibility, while private enterprises pay more attention to economic and employee development. These findings not only reveal the CSR awareness and CSR practices of Chinese domestic construction enterprises but also provide practical implications for construction enterprises in other countries to integrate CSR into their corporate governance system and strengthen their CSR practices.
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Šontaitė-Petkevičienė, Miglė. "CSR Reasons, Practices and Impact to Corporate Reputation." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 213 (December 2015): 503–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.441.

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Tebini, Hajer, Bouchra M'Zali, Pascal Lang, and Blanca Perez-Gladish. "The Economic Impact of Environmentally Responsible Practices." Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management 23, no. 5 (September 17, 2015): 333–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/csr.1383.

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Vani Tanggamani, Azlan Amran, and T. Ramayah. "CSR Practices Disclosure’s Impact on Corporate Financial Performance and Market Performance: Evidence of Malaysian Public Listed Companies." International Journal of Business and Society 23, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 604–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/ijbs.4632.2022.

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Disclosure of CSR practices in public listed companies in Malaysia was made compulsory recently. Hence, its contribution to the firm performance based on financial and market indicators has often been questioned. This study explores using partial least square – structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM), the predictive accuracy and relevancy of CSR practices disclosure on corporate financial performance given by ROA and market performance given by Tobin’s Q. Using a sample size of 200 randomly selected public listed firms in Malaysia, the effect of CSR practices on corporate financial performance based on an accounting and market measures was determined. Findings of this study showed that CSR practices have a significant and positive impact on ROA and Tobin’s Q. Reputation mediates the relationship between CSR practices and ROA but not with Tobin’s Q. CSR practices and reputation could explain 52.9% of variance in ROA but only 6.3% of variance in Tobin’s Q. CSR practices have a large effect size on reputation and ROA but negligible effect size on Tobin’s Q. Thus, these findings imply that CSR practices can relate significantly to accounting-based but not market-based financial performance. Further studies to explore internal and external factors such as third-party assurance, industry type and other environmental factors as well as extending the timeline might provide more insights to understand how CSR practices can influence financial performance.
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Chen, Xiaoye, and Rong Huang. "The impact of diverse corporate social responsibility practices on consumer product evaluations." Journal of Product & Brand Management 27, no. 6 (September 17, 2018): 701–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpbm-01-2017-1390.

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Purpose This paper aims to investigate whether corporate social responsibility (CSR) efforts that are oriented toward shared value creation generate any perceptual advantages in terms of consumer product attributes evaluations compared with other types of CSR. The study also uncovers consumers’ pathways that channel the impacts of corporate associations on corporate and product evaluations and purchase intention. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a between-subjects experimental design. In all, 274 undergraduate students from a North American university participated in the 2 (low versus high corporate ability levels) × 4 (CSR types) study. The data were analyzed using the methodologies of path analysis and multiple group analysis in the context of structural equation modeling procedure. Findings The findings show that in the context of shared-value CSR, CSR image (i.e. consumer judgments on the moral aspect of the company) can spill over to product attributes evaluations, including perceptions of “product innovativeness” and “product social responsibility,” which, in turn, translate to purchase willingness. Meanwhile, perceived corporate trustworthiness mediates the effects of CSR image and corporate ability (CA) image on the overall corporate evaluation, which subsequently influences consumer product evaluation and purchase intention. Research limitations/implications The research provides direct evidence showing that companies have the potential to improve their corporate brand and, in turn, their product evaluations by putting a stronger emphasis on the social responsibility components of their image and placing this at the core of their strategic agenda. Importantly, a contribution to the literature by identifying differential effects of CA image versus CSR image on consumer perception of product innovativeness within different CSR categories is made. The limitations of the research are discussed, which include the usage of a fictitious company and brand and a convenience sample. Practical implications The study offers guidance to managers in regard to their choice of different CSR practices to fulfill their company’s product-related strategic goals. Originality/value The present study takes a critical stance to show that previous experimental work investigating the impact of CSR image on product evaluations relied predominantly on bipolar manipulations of CSR practices (bad versus good) rather than bringing many shades of CSR into consideration. By incorporating a wide array of CSR formats, especially value-creating CSR, current research generates potential implications based on differential effects of various CSR focuses, which have not been captured by previous studies.
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Karim, Sitara, Norlida Abdul Manab, and Rusmawati Binti Ismail. "The dynamic impact of board composition on CSR practices and their mutual effect on organizational returns." Journal of Asia Business Studies 14, no. 4 (December 20, 2019): 463–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jabs-07-2019-0214.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, it aims to investigate the dynamic impact of board composition (board size, board independence and board diversity) on independent corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices (marketplace, environment, community and workplace). Second, it tends to examine the mutual effect of board composition and CSR practices on organizational returns (return on assets and Tobin’s Q) of 631 Malaysian PLCs listed on Bursa Malaysia during 2006-2017. Design/methodology/approach The dynamic model (system GMM) provided by Arellano and Bond (1991) and Arellano and Bover (1995) is used for estimations that control for potential dynamic endogeneity, reverse causality, unobserved heterogeneity and simultaneity problems. Findings Findings reveal weak linkage between board composition and CSR practices where only board diversity is found to be positively linked to marketplace practices of CSR. Further, the mutual impact of board composition and CSR practices on organizational returns suggests board size be positive and board independence to be negative with Tobin’s Q. Board diversity is negative with ROA and positive with Tobin’s Q. Conversely, CSR practices indicate marketplace practices are positive and community practices are negative with Tobin’s Q, environment practices are insignificant with performance, whereas workplace practices are positive with ROA and negative with Tobin’s Q. Practical implications This research is practically considerable for Bursa Malaysia, Securities Commission Malaysia, policymakers, stakeholders, investors and managers. For academia, the theoretical linkages between agency theory, resource dependence theory, resource-based view and stakeholder theory are highlighted. Moreover, methodological underpinnings are also novel for academicians as well as for practitioners. Originality/value The paper uncovers multiple aspects: first, it elaborates the dynamic relationship between board composition and CSR practices; second, it examines the combined effect of board composition and CSR practices on company’s accounting and market gains; finally, the study controls for dynamic endogeneity that is the main econometric problem for CG-CSR-performance relationships.
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Ferreira, Pedro, and Elizabeth Real de Oliveira. "Does corporate social responsibility impact on employee engagement?" Journal of Workplace Learning 26, no. 3/4 (April 8, 2014): 232–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jwl-09-2013-0070.

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Purpose – Despite the claim that internal corporate social responsibility plays an important role, the understanding of this phenomenon has been neglected. This paper intends to contribute to fill this gap by looking into the relation between CSR and employee engagement. Design/methodology/approach – A survey research was conducted and three different groups of respondents were faced with three different CSR scenarios (general, internal, external) and respondents' employee engagement was measured. Findings – The results show that there are no statistically significant differences in levels of engagement between employees exposed to external and internal CSR practices. Nevertheless, employees exposed to internal CSR are more engaged than those exposed only to external CSR practices. Research limitations/implications – The use of scenarios, although a grounded approach, involves risks, including the difficulty of participants to put themselves in a fictional situation. Also, the scale used to measure employee engagement puts the emphasis on work rather than on the organisation. Practical implications – Although this study is not conclusive it raises the need for companies to look at their CSR strategy in a holistic approach, i.e. internal and external. Originality/value – This paper represents a contribution to understand CSR strategic status and the need to enlighten the impact that social responsible practices can have on employees' engagement.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Impact of CSR practices"

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Mihai, Eliza-Gabriela, and Jean-Paul Bakkenist. "The impact of external CSR practices on employees : Exploring the organizational activities that influence employee engagement within CSR." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-39718.

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Fundamentally the aim of corporate social responsibility (CSR) is to initiate social and/or environmental change. Because of the increased awareness of stakeholders and other public actors, it has become of any company’s interest to uphold their public image. The question remains whether companies undertake CSR activities for intrinsic moral reasons or to only uphold their reputation. Most research regarding CSR focuses on the influence of external factors (such as major stakeholders) and how different goals and opinions between these major actors reciprocate. One stakeholder within the sphere of CSR which has often been overlooked but has gained increased attention is the employee. So far, little attention has been paid to the people at work, like the human experience of the worker, thus questions remain regarding the influence of CSR activities on the identification, commitment, and satisfaction of employees.
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Långmark, Henrik. "The Role of Ethical Funds in Influencing Sustainable Business Practice." Thesis, Stockholm University, Interdisciplinary Environmental Research (CTM), 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-7180.

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Den snabbt växande etiska fondmarknaden är dels en respons på ökad efterfrågan från investerare, och dels en reaktion på ett ökat intresse och förståelse för miljö och etiska frågor från företagens sida. Denna studie diskuterar detta fält från företagens perspektiv. Ett flertal studier har lagt fram teorier om att socialt ansvarsfullt investerande [SRI] och etiska fonder specifikt, har potential att förändra företagens beteende. Denna uppsats placerar etiska fonder bland generella drivkrafter som har en effekt på dagens företag, och analyserar etiska fonder utifrån deras roll som en drivkraft när det gäller påverkan av företag som dessa investerar i. Från KPA Pensions etiska fondinnehav, deltog 19 företag i studien. Genom enkät och intervjuer har denna studie funnit att de etiska fonderna inte kan sägas vara en drivkraft när det gäller att påverka företagen gällande miljö och CSR frågor. Kunder, investerare och företagens egna, inre engagemang verkar vara de främsta aktörerna och drivkrafterna för att uppmuntra till arbete med dessa frågor. Enligt företagen själva, dock, finns det fortfarande positiva effekter som de etiska fonderna ger upphov till i form av positiv respons från kunder, ökad goodwill och ökade markandsandelar. En del av företagen menar att de inte har haft lika mycket kontakt med KPA Pension som de kanske hade velat, men känner att dialogen och samarbetet mellan dem och KPA Pension har varit och är värdefullt. Dessutom visar företagen tecken på förståelse att ett arbete med miljö och CSR- frågor är ett kontinuerligt sådant, och därför borde relationen mellan företagen och KPA Pension förbättras.

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Bailey, Melissa Catherine. "Understanding the impact of legislative changes on child car seating and restraint practices in regional Queensland." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2013. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/63524/1/Melissa_Bailey_Thesis.pdf.

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Road crashes contribute to a significant amount of child mortality and morbidity in Australia. In fact, passenger injuries contribute to the majority of child crash road trauma. A number of factors contribute to child injury and death in motor vehicles, including inappropriate seating position, inappropriate choice of restraint, and incorrect installation and use of child restraints. Prior to March 2010, child restraint legislation in Queensland only required children twelve months and younger to be seated in a properly adjusted and fastened child restraint. This legislation left older infants and young children potentially suboptimally protected. From March 2010, new legislation specified seating position and type of child restraint required, depending on the age of the child. This research was underpinned by the Health Belief Model (HBM), which explores health related behaviour, behaviour change, environmental factors influencing behaviour change (including legislative changes) and is flexible enough to be used in relation to parents' health practices for their children, rather than parent health directly. This thesis investigates the extent to which the changes to child restraint legislation have led parents in regional areas of Queensland to use appropriate restraint practices for their children and determines the extent to which the constructs of the HBM, parental perceptions, barriers and environmental factors contribute to the appropriateness of child seating and restraint use. Study One included three sets of observations taken in two regional cities of Queensland prior to the legislative amendment, during an educative period of six months, and after the enactment of the legislation. Each child's seating position and restraint type were recorded. Results showed that the proportion of children observed occupying the front seat decreased by 15.6 per cent with the announcement the legislation. There was no decrease in front seat use at the enactment of the legislation. The proportion of children observed using dedicated child restraints increased by 8.8 per cent with the announcement of the legislation when there was one child in the vehicle. Further, there was a 10.1 per cent increase in the proportion of children observed using a seat belt that fit with the announcement when there was one child in the vehicle and with the enactment of the legislation regardless of the number of children in the vehicle (21.8 per cent for one child, 39.7 per cent for two children and 40.2 per cent for three or more children). Study Two comprised initial intercept interviews, later followed up by telephone, with parents with children aged eight years and younger at the announcement and telephone interviews at the enactment of the legislation in one regional city in Queensland. Parents reported their child restraint practices, and opinions, knowledge and understanding of the requirements of the new legislation. Parent responses were analysed in terms of the constructs in the HBM. When asked which seating position their child 'usually' used, parents reported child front seat use was nil (0.0 per cent) and did not change with the enactment of the legislative amendment. However, when parents were asked whether they allowed children to use the front seat at some point within the six months prior to the interview, reported child front seat use was 7 (5.4 per cent) children at T2 and 10 (9.6 per cent) at T3. Reported use of age-appropriate child restraints did not increase with the enactment of the legislation (p = 0.77, ns). Parents reported restraint practices were classed as either appropriate or inappropriate. Parents who reported appropriate restraint practices were those whose children were sitting in optimal restraints and seating positions for their age according to the requirements of the legislation. Parents who reported inappropriate restraint practices were those who had one or more children who were suboptimally restrained or seated for their age according to the requirements of the legislation. Neither parents' perceptions about their susceptibility of being in a crash nor the likelihood of severity of child injury if involved in a crash yielded significant differences in the appropriateness of reported parent restraint practices over time with the enactment of the legislation. A trend in the data suggested parents perceived a benefit to using appropriate restraint practices was to avoid fines and demerit points. Over 75 per cent of parents who agreed that child restraints provide better protection for children than an adult seat belt reported appropriately seating and restraining their children (2 (1) = 8.093, p<.05). The self-efficacy measure regarding parents' confidence in installing a child restraint showed a significant association with appropriate parental restraint practices (2 (1) = 7.036, p<.05). Results suggested that some parents may have misinterpreted the announcement of the legislative amendment as the announcement of the enforcement of the legislation instead. Some parents who correctly reported details of the legislation did not report appropriate child restraint practices. This finding shows that parents' knowledge of the legislative amendment does not necessarily have an impact on their behaviour to appropriately seat and restrain children. The results of these studies have important implications for road safety and the prevention of road-related injury and death to children in Queensland. Firstly, parents reported feeling unsure of how to install restraints, which suggests that there may be children travelling in restraints that have not been installed correctly, putting them at risk. Interventions to alert and encourage parents to seek advice when unsure about the correct installation of child restraints could be considered. Secondly, some parents in this study although they were using the most appropriate restraint for their children, reported using a type that was not the most appropriate restraint for the child's age according to the legislation. This suggests that intervention may be effective in helping parents make a more accurate choice of the most appropriate type of restraint to use with children, especially as the child ages and child restraint requirements change. Further research could be conducted to ascertain the most effective methods of informing and motivating parents to use the most appropriate restraints and seating positions for their children, as these results show a concerning disparity between reported restraint practices and those that were observed.
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Woodhouse, Shawn. "Faculty perceptions of the impact of affirmative action on employment practices in the University of Missouri System /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9951136.

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Forslind, Maja. "Finding the Dollar Language : Drivers and rationales for monetising corporate environmental and social impacts– practices in counting the true value of business operation from ecosystem services perspective." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Stockholm Resilience Centre, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-85855.

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The thesis explores how monetisation of corporate externalities, can be carried out in order to provide investors, policy makers and consumers with accurate pictures of the true costs and benefits of business operations from a resilience and ecosystem services perspective. By drawing conclusions from company cases, and previous research – methods, drivers and monetary values of impacts such as carbon dioxide, water usage, pollutants and land use are analysed. The findings reflect opportunities that open up with monetisation, in terms of tools for guidance and support in internal corporate decision making, by making the actual impacts visualised and understandable. Findings from company cases, show that monetisation of corporate effects has potential to contribute to visualising impacts – and add knowledge that may close information gaps internally as well as externally. It can guide and facilitate strategic choices at corporate level. It may also have a role in bridging information asymmetries in the picture of a firm’s operation, to consumers and investors. Monetising effects may facilitate identification of risks arising from ecosystem services dependencies, visualising the actual impacts by, assed costs in losses in ecosystems’ production (yields e.g.) caused by corporate harm.Providing relevant information to policy makers, on obstacles and where regulative incentives are needed, and investors and consumers with guidance, monetisation of impacts potentially can play a part in bridging market information gaps toward better incentive structures and possibly facilitating effective market transformation in favor of sustainable production and consumption patterns.
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Öberseder, Magdalena, Bodo B. Schlegelmilch, and Patrick E. Murphy. "CSR Practices and Consumer Perceptions." Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.02.005.

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Researchers and companies are paying increasing attention to corporate social responsibility (CSR) programs and the reaction to them by consumers. But despite such corporate efforts and an expanding literature exploring consumers' response to CSR, it remains unclear how consumers perceive CSR and which "Gestalt" consumers have in mind when considering CSR. Moreover, academics and managers lack a tool for measuring consumers' perceptions of CSR. This research explores consumers' perceptions of CSR and develops a measurement model for them. Based on qualitative data from interviews with managers and consumers, a conceptualization of consumers' perceptions of CSR is developed. Subsequently, this model is tested and validated on three large quantitative data sets. The conceptualization and the measurement scale help companies assess consumers' perceptions of CSR relative to their performance. They also enable managers to identify shortcomings in CSR engagement and/or communication. Finally, the paper discusses implications for marketing practice and future research. (authors' abstract)
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Carson, Jo Ann Simon. "Impact of integrating cardiovascular nutrition in an ambulatory care rotation on the knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy and patient care practices of fourth year medical students /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3004227.

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Shatnawi, Ahmad Amin. "The impact of board CSR orientation on CSR strategy, CSR, and earnings management." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/211254/1/Ahmad_Shatnawi_Thesis.pdf.

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Using an international sample, this thesis examines the impact of board CSR orientation, a specific form of board-level governance, on CSR strategy, CSR performance, CSR disclosures, and earnings management. It also examines the impact of CSR strategy on CSR performance and CSR disclosures, a topic that is not yet explored. The findings support the arguments in the literature that board CSR orientation has a positive impact on CSR-related strategy, performance, and disclosures, and it reduces earnings management behaviour. The result also supports the suggestion that CSR strategies are a determinant of having a superior CSR performance and CSR disclosures.
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NIKYAR, SADAF. "The Impact of CSR on Investors’ Behaviour." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-226310.

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Nikyar, Sadaf, and Nardos Tewolde. "The Impact of CSR on Investors’ Behaviour." Thesis, KTH, Industriell Management, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-208967.

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There has been an increased attention to sustainability in the society which has affected bothconsumers’ and investors’ behaviour. Consequently, companies are pressured to include CSR intheir businesses. Further, the media is quick to report when companies are acting sociallyirresponsible. For this reason it is of interest to investigate whether these news reports affectinvestors. One way to examine this is to study the stock price during such events. In addition, ithas been shown that women tend to value sustainability higher than men when consuming goodsand services. Hence, it is relevant to study if this trend is shown in their investment attitudes aswell. The method in this study consists of an event study which has been used to investigate theimpact of CSR events on stock prices of Swedish listed companies. In addition, a survey wasconducted to examine the attitudes towards CSR among Swedish private investors.The average two-day CAR for negative events was -0.18 percent, which suggests an existingeffect of negative CSR events on stock prices of listed Swedish companies belonging to OMX30.The findings in the survey showed that there is a great interest in CSR among Swedish investors.Further, a larger proportion include CSR in their investment decision compared to those who donot. Our findings showed that there exist differences in attitudes towards CSR within differentcategories of investors such as gender, age and trading habits. A larger proportion of femalerespondents have a greater interest in CSR and include CSR aspects in their investmentdecisions compared to males. A greater amount of female participants believe that a company'sCSR performance is at least as important as its financial one compared to males. Further, asignificant smaller proportion of investors between 18-24 years include CSR aspects when theymake investment decisions compared to those between 55-64 years. Our results suggest that themain underlying reason for respondents to include CSR was risk mitigation for the ones who trademore often and moral concerns for those who trade less often. Lastly, a larger proportion of thosewho trade less frequently believe that a company's CSR performance is at least as important asits financial one, compared to those who trade more frequently.
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Books on the topic "Impact of CSR practices"

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Choquette, Mary. Emerging practices in CSR management. Ottawa: Conference Board of Canada, 2002.

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Ray, Nilanjan, and Abhijeet Bag. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Practices. Boca Raton: Apple Academic Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003146414.

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Mehta, Foram. Assessing impact of mandatory CSR on food industry. Ahmedabad: Indian Institute of Management, 2014.

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Indonesia, PT Visi Sinergi. The best practices of CSR & environmental program in Indonesia. 2nd ed. Bekasi]: Visi Sinergi Indonesia, 2011.

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Ouédraogo, Alidou. Multinational's CSR practices in developing countries: An international perspective. Hauppauge, New York: Nova Science Publisher's, Inc., 2015.

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NHS Executive. Information Management Group. The impact on GP practices. [Leeds]: IMG, NHS Executive, 1995.

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NHS Executive. Information Management Group. The impact on GP practices. [Leeds]: IMG, NHS Executive, 1996.

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Group, NHS Executive Information Management. The impact on GP practices. [Leeds]: IMG, NHS Executive, 1994.

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Zainal, Rabin Ibnu. Best practices: Corporate social responsibility (CSR) : sebuah pengalaman membangun multistakeholder engagement bagi penerapan CSR di Kabupaten Muba, Sumatera Selatan. [Palembang]: Badan Penerbit Fakultas Ekonomi Unsri didukung oleh Partnership for Governance Reform in Indonesia, Uni Eropa, dan P3EM FE Unsri, 2006.

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Forest management: Technology, practices and impact. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Impact of CSR practices"

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Dhameja, Nand L., and Ferhat Mohsin. "Corporate Social Responsibility: Impact and Outcome Approach, Emerging Challenges." In Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Practices, 217–34. Boca Raton: Apple Academic Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003146414-12.

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Alawadi, Asma, Nada Kakabadse, and Nadeem Khan. "Impact of Board Diversity on CSR Practices." In Encyclopedia of Business and Professional Ethics, 1–6. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23514-1_1274-1.

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Bag, Abhijeet, and Chandrani Dutta. "Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on Education in India: An Analysis of Post Companies Act, 2013 Era." In Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Practices, 147–62. Boca Raton: Apple Academic Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003146414-8.

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Wassie, Adera S., and Noah M. Pauline. "Effectiveness of existing climate smart agricultural practices in Tehuledere district, north-eastern Ethiopia." In Climate change impacts and sustainability: ecosystems of Tanzania, 180–93. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242966.0180.

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Abstract This study sought to understand the effectiveness of existing climate smart agricultural (CSA) practices used by smallholder farmers in Tehuledere District, north-eastern Ethiopia, using empirical data collected over 3 months in 2016. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected from primary and secondary sources, including historical climatic records and perceptions, indicatiors of climate change, impacts and responses. The study employed focus group discussions and a household questionnaire survey during data collection. Findings reveal that the majority of participants are aware of climate change and variability. The indicators of climate change include drought, off-season rainfall, too little and/or too much rainfall, and high temperature. The impact of climate variability observed by participants include: (i) decreasing crop yields and livestock production; (ii) increasing pests and disease; and (iii) decreasing water quantity and quality. The adaptation measures embraced to mitigate negative climate change effects include: (i) changing crop varieties; (ii) integrating livestock and crop production; and (iii) soil and water conservation practices. As far as CSA practices were found to be viable and effective response measures, support from innovative polices and strategies should be emphasized so as to address the barriers and bring about widespread adoption.
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Fawole, B. E., and S. A. Aderinoye-Abdulwahab. "Farmers’ Adoption of Climate Smart Practices for Increased Productivity in Nigeria." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 495–508. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_227.

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AbstractIn a bid to reinforce the efforts of agricultural professionals within the domain of climate change studies and with particular emphasis on rural farmers in Nigeria, this chapter explores the mechanics for adoption of climate smart agricultural practices among rural farmers for an increased agricultural productivity. Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) is paramount to the success of farming activities today in the face of the menace of the impact of climate change. Climate Smart Agricultural Practice (CSAP) is one of the major keys that agricultural development approaches aimed at; to sustainably increase productivity and resilience, while also reducing the effects; as well as removing emissions of greenhouse gases. It is pertinent to note that most of the CSAPs adopted by the rural farmers in this study are conservation agriculture, use of organic manure, crop diversification, use of wetland (Fadama), planting of drought tolerant crops, relocation from climate risk zones, prayers for God’s intervention, and improvement on farmers’ management skills. This study divulged and showcased the import of CSAP in boosting agricultural yield and also highlights the bottlenecks inhibiting agricultural farming practices such as lack of practical understanding of the approach, inadequate data and information, lack of suitable tools at local and national levels, supportive and enabling policy frameworks, and socioeconomic constraints at the farm level. The study concluded by recommending an aggressive awareness and mobilization campaign to boost the adoption of CSAPs in Nigeria.
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Moran, Chris, Mary McCarthy, Claire O’Neill, Shadi Hashem, and Oliver Moore. "Necessity Breeds Ingenuity: Exploring the Sustainable Food Practices of Members of a Community Supported Agriculture (CSA): An Abstract." In Celebrating the Past and Future of Marketing and Discovery with Social Impact, 593–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95346-1_197.

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Fijałkowska, Justyna, and Małgorzata Macuda. "CSR Reporting Practices in Poland." In Corporate Social Responsibility in Poland, 195–212. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00440-8_13.

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Ogbechie, Chris, and Dimitrios N. Koufopoulos. "Corporate Governance Practices in Nigeria." In CSR, Sustainability, Ethics & Governance, 373–94. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-44955-0_15.

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Del Baldo, Mara. "Case Studies and Best Practices." In CSR, Sustainability, Ethics & Governance, 277–307. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50918-1_6.

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Msosa, Steven Kayambazinthu, and Jeevarathnam P. Govender. "Environmental Impact and CSR Responsibilities." In Opportunities and Pitfalls of Corporate Social Responsibility, 151–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17102-5_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Impact of CSR practices"

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Aziz, Nazirah, Azizah Abdullah, and Noor Ayuernie Ibrahim. "The impact of board profiles and CSR practices towards firms' accounting return: Top MSWG ranked companies." In 2011 IEEE Colloquium on Humanities, Science and Engineering (CHUSER). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/chuser.2011.6163810.

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"Analyzing the impact of CSR practices in enhancing the supply chain performance: A case study of tyre industry." In 2017 International Conference on Advances in Mechanical, Industrial, Automation and Management Systems (AMIAMS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/amiams.2017.8069184.

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Ramli, Mona Fairuz, Muhammad Aizat Md Sin, Ahmad Shabudin Arifin, and Abdul Ghafur Hanafi. "STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF CSR AND SOCIAL MEDIA ENGAGEMENT ON TOURIST DESTINATION BRAND LOYALTY IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT NATURE-BASED TOURISM." In GLOBAL TOURISM CONFERENCE 2021. PENERBIT UMT, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46754/gtc.2021.11.028.

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This study aims to investigate the relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and social media engagement on destination brand loyalty. These concepts are not fully understood, especially in the context of sustainable development of nature-based tourism, which makes managing the negative impact on the environment more challenging. The study developed a parsimonious model to investigate the interrelationship between CSR and destination loyalty by incorporating social media engagement as a mediating variable to study the impact mechanism of tourists’ CSR activities on tourists’ destination brand loyalty in a nature-based tourism context. The data used was collected from 240 inbound and outbound tourists that visited a well-known marine park site in Malaysia. In addition, a Partial Least Square (PLS) based structural equation modelling (SEM) technique was utilized to analyse the data. The result showed that CSR and social media engagement had an influence over destination brand loyalty. These results suggest some practical implications for destination operators designing CSR activities as a strategic technique for ensuring sustainable success.
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NANAYAKKARA, N. B., Y. G. SANDANAYAKE, and B. J. EKANAYAKE. "AN INVESTIGATION ON CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATIONS IN DISASTER IN SRI LANKA." In 13th International Research Conference - FARU 2020. Faculty of Architecture Research Unit (FARU), University of Moratuwa, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/faru.2020.22.

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Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a concept, which is broadly determined as ensuring the efficacy of the organisation in integrating social and environmental considerations into organisational operations. In Sri Lankan context, a great enthusiasm can be seen among organisations to engage in CSR initiatives. Having considered the importance and impact, the study aims to investigate the importance of CSR initiatives by construction organisations in disasters in Sri Lanka. Thus, a mixed method research approach was followed as the methodology of this study. Findings are based on semi-structured interviews held with construction industry professionals. Findings of this study revealed that the implementation of CSR initiatives is more important during a disaster situation in the aspects of both affected party and aiding party. Moreover, construction organisations implement CSR during disaster situations by considering it as a mandatory responsibility of an organisation. Further, most of the construction organisations engage in CSR implementation during natural disaster situations. In practice all the construction organisations tend to engage in reactive initiatives. More importantly, it is revealed that both the organisational work force and society are benefitted through CSR implementation in disaster situations.
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RAIMI, Lukman, Mirela PANAIT, and Eglantina HYSA. "UNETHICAL ISSUE OF CORPORATE SOCIAL IRRESPONSIBILITY OF ENERGY COMPANIES IN EMERGING MARKETS." In Proceedings of The Third International Scientific Conference “Happiness and Contemporary Society”. SPOLOM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31108/7.2022.35.

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There are media hype and allegations on the unethical conduct of energy companies flagging CRS in emerging markets. The purpose of this study is to affirm or refute the allegations of the unethical issue of CSR among energy companies in emerging markets. The exploratory nature of the study makes a qualitative research method (an interpretivist research paradigm) preferable. Specifically, pieces of information were sourced from scholarly articles, energy reports, and web resources on the CSR of energy companies in five emerging markets. At the end of the rigorous critical review of the literature (CLR), it was found that energy companies in the seven emerging markets have CSR policies, programs and projects designed to support host communities. Second, these energy companies heavily contribute to environmental degradation and pollution in their countries through gas glaring and other carbon emission footprints. Third, the energy companies flagged CSI as CSR to cover their unethical conduct, negative environmental impacts and carbon omission footprints. In practical terms, the insight on CSI is consistent with previous empirical studies that stated that energy companies flagged social actions to cover environmental pollution and carbon omission footprints in emerging markets. Key words: CSR, Unethical Issue, Corporate Social Irresponsibility (CSI) of energy companies, emerging markets
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Nur, Triasesiarta. "The Impact of Sustainability Practices on Stock Return: The Relationship Between Firm Value, CSR Disclosure, Firm Size and Profitability Evidence from Indonesia Publics Firms Listed on (SRI)-KEHATI Index." In 1st International Conference on Sustainable Management and Innovation, ICoSMI 2020, 14-16 September 2020, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. EAI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.14-9-2020.2304483.

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RUSU, Daniel. "PERFORMANCE AND CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN SMEs." In International Management Conference. Editura ASE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/imc/2021/03.20.

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To date, most business management research has focused on large companies and has not taken into account the factor related to the size of companies. Much research in recent decades has studied the causal relationships with implications and antecedents of CSR application, debated definitions, and considered their scope and content. This study wants to analyze, in the contexts of SMEs, the theoretical frame of reference, the consequences as well as the antecedents of CSR in order to provide future empirical studies, a starting point. The results highlight aspects related to the possible impact in the context of SMEs of CSR, barriers, language, terminology, background and the recommended theoretical framework. The analysis of the scientific output that is indexed in the international Scopus database on the topic of “corporate social performance and corporate social responsibility” in SMEs is the main objective of this study. Social responsibility actions represent, within large corporations, a natural practice, which is obvious, observed in the literature. Given this aspect, there is a totally different reality in the case of small and medium enterprises, primarily due to their high heterogeneity. Starting from this objective, we identified a number of 324 articles on this topic, following a bibliometric analysis. The majority of studies being qualitative studies, there is a certain concentration of scientific production in the last 18 years (2002-2020).
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Martinez, Eloy, David Tyrell, and John Zolock. "Rail-Car Impact Tests With Steel Coil: Car Crush." In IEEE/ASME 2003 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/rtd2003-1656.

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Two grade-crossing impact tests were conducted in June 2002 at the Federal Railroad Administration’s (FRA’s) Transportation Technology Center in Pueblo, Colorado as part of the FRA’s research into passenger equipment crashworthiness. In both of these tests a cab car moving at approximately 14 mph impacted a standing coil of steel supported by a frangible table. The coil was positioned such that the left-side corner post of the cab car sustained the brunt of the impact. The cars were instrumented to measure the accelerations of the carbody, the displacements of the suspensions, the displacements of the corner posts, and the strains in selected structural members. The coil was instrumented to measure its three-dimensional acceleration, including yaw, pitch, and roll. On-board and wayside high-speed film and video cameras were used to record the impact. On June 4, 2002 a cab car compliant with general industry practice circa 1999 was tested and on June 7, 2002 a cab car compliant with current FRA regulations and American Public Transportation Association (APTA) Standards and Recommended Practices for Rail Passenger Equipment was tested. The tests themselves were conducted in response to a recommendation from the APTA Passenger Rail Equipment Safety Standards (PRESS) Committee to measure the crashworthiness performance of alternative cab car end structures. During the test of the 1990’s design, the corner post failed, eliminating the survival space for the operator. During the test of the state-of-the-art design cab car, the corner post remained attached and deformed less than 9 inches, preserving space for the operator. Prior to the test, crush analyses were conducted to determine the force/crush characteristics of the two end structure designs, as well as their modes of deformation. Collision dynamics analyses were also conducted to determine the extent of crush and the gross motion of the car and coil. This paper describes the analysis of the crush behaviors of the two different end structure designs. A companion paper describes the results of the collision dynamics analyses. The crush of the cars was analyzed using detailed finite-element models. The impact end of each car was modeled, including approximately 1/4 of the length of the car. The back end of the cab car model was fixed, and its end structure was impacted by an initially moving cylinder with the same mass and dimensions as the steel coil used in the tests. Prior to the tests, runs were made with the models with and without material failure. This approach allowed calculation of an upper bound and a lower bound on the force/crush characteristics. The pre-test predictions of the analysis of the state-of-the art car including material failure very closely match the results of the test for the force/crush characteristic, strains at the measured locations, the geometry of the deformed structure, and the locations and extent of material failure. The pre-test predictions of the analysis of the 1990’s design also closely match the test measurements, however, the extent of material failure predicted was slightly less than observed in the test; failure of the corner post was predicted to occur at a speed of a 1.6 mph (approximately 10%) greater than the test speed. A more sophisticated implementation of the material failure modeling helped bring the model results into very close agreement with the test measurements.
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Dewi, Rivanti Santiara. "CSR Reporting Practices, CSR Disclosure, and The Cost of Equity Capital." In Journal of Contemporary Accounting and Economics Symposium 2018 on Special Session for Indonesian Study. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007017304920498.

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Turoń, Katarzyna, and Andrzej Kubik. "TRANSPORT POLICIES AND BUSINESS PRACTICES DURING COVID-19 AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE MANAGEMENT OF NEW TRANSPORT MOBILITY SYSTEMS – INTRODUCTORY PART." In 12th International Scientific Conference „Business and Management 2022“. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2022.890.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound effect on global economies. Transport was a particular sector of the economy that was particularly exposed to the spread of the virus. This has led to many changes in the manage-ment and the implementation of various types of business practices in the new mobility companies during the pan-demic and post-pandemic periods. The work aimed to analyze the policies in the field of transport in pandemic times and the practices implemented and provided by enterprises in the field of new mobility, including companies sharing vehicles, e.g., car-sharing, bike-sharing, scooter-sharing, and ride-sharing. Furthermore, the article was used to indi-cate the changes that have occurred in the management of new mobility enterprises in companies operating in Asia, Europe, and America. The work is based on secondary data research and own research. The developed results indicate which operators made the most changes and which continents proposed the most changes to transport policies. The article supports the development of both new policies for the post-pandemic period and new business practices for companies in the new mobility services industry.
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Reports on the topic "Impact of CSR practices"

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Leslie, Jean. 360-degree feedback: Best practices to ensure impact. Center for Creative Leadership, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.35613/ccl.2011.2020.

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Cole, David N. Low-impact recreational practices for wilderness and backcountry. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/int-gtr-265.

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Ginder, Whitney, and Sang-Eun Byun. Labor-Related CSR Communication: The Impact of Claim Types on Perceived Credibility, Skepticism, and Brand Trust. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, November 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-168.

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Kang, Jiyun, Woo Jin Choi, and Tiffani Slaten. Felt Betrayed or Resisted? The Impact of Pre-Crisis CSR Reputation on Consumer Reactions to Brand Crises. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University. Library, January 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa.8234.

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Smith, Kathleen R. Developing High Impact Practices (HIPs) in University Internship Courses. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University. Library, January 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa.8824.

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Black, Sandra, and Lisa Lynch. How to Compete: The Impact of Workplace Practices and Information Technology on Productivity. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6120.

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Iyer, Ruhil, and Léa Pare Toe. Impact of Climate Hazards on Rural Sanitation and Hygiene Practices in Burkina Faso. The Sanitation Learning Hub, Institute of Development Studies, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2022.016.

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Despite climate change being a major concern for the sanitation sector, rural sanitation remains neglected in the wider discussions of climate impacts on WASH services. Also, the voices of vulnerable individuals, households, and communities who are experiencing the effects of climate change in relation to sanitation issues are missing. The aim of the case study was to expand the evidence base on climate impacts on rural sanitation and hygiene practices and programmes in Burkina Faso and on practical adaptations to increase resilience and ensure communities are better able to maintain improved sanitation behaviours during and after times of climate stress. There was a focus on the social dimensions of impacts, exploring vulnerabilities and behavioural aspects of sanitation access and use. Additionally, the research identified the impacts climate change is already having on current programming efforts in rural settings.
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Islam, Muhammad Azizul, Pamela Abbott, Shamima Haque, and Fiona Gooch. Impact of Global Clothing Retailers' Unfair Practices on Bangladeshi Suppliers During Covid-19. University of Aberdeen, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.57064/2164/19814.

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Based on a survey of 1,000 Bangladeshi factories/suppliers1 producing clothes for global fashion brands and retailers, this research highlights reports of unfair trading practices encountered by manufacturers during Covid-19. Suppliers reported that retailers/brands cancelled orders, refused to pay for goods dispatched/in-process and demanded a reduction in price for orders already placed before March 2020. Since then, they further pressured the suppliers to reduce prices. Suppliers reported that in December 2021, despite the rising costs of inputs and the additional costs of Covid-19 mitigation measures, 70% of brands/retailers were still buying garments at similar prices to those in March 2020 from at least some of their suppliers. More than 50% of factories reported at least one of the following four unfair practices by brands/ retailers: cancellation of orders, price reduction, refusal to pay for goods dispatched/in production and delaying payment of invoices. Such unfair trading practices impacted suppliers’ employment practices resulting in worker turnover, loss of jobs and lower wages. Importantly, one in five factories reported that they had struggled to pay the Bangladeshi legal minimum wages since the factories had reopened following the March and April 2020 lockdown. We recommend countries with large consumer markets where global retailers and brands sell their clothes legislate to curb unfair purchasing practices by outlawing them and appointing an adjudicator or a fashion watchdog. This would ensure that buyers/retailers cannot dump disproportionate and inappropriate risks onto their suppliers and that retailers and brands conform to the norms of fair commercial practices.
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Clement, Timothy, and Brett Vaughan. Evaluation of a mobile learning platform for clinical supervision. University of Melbourne, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46580/124369.

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Context: This report details a formative evaluation of the Clinical Supervision Online (CSO) course, a fee-paying, fully online ‘light touch’ program of study for clinical supervisors offered by the Melbourne Medical School, which was developed in conjunction with the University’s Mobile Learning Unit. The course requires between six to ten hours of self-directed study and is designed for any clinicians who teach. Methods: Evaluation of the course was guided by Rossi, Lipsey and Freeman’s (2004) approach to program evaluation, addressing the need for the course, its design, implementation, impact, and return on investment. Data were collected through interviews with key informants, document analysis, an embedded student survey, learning analytics data, financial data, and an audit against ‘best practice’ standards for online course design. Findings: The findings suggest that course development was driven by both a financial imperative and genuine concern to meet training needs of clinical supervisors. Two hundred and four students enrolled on the course in its first 18 months. This has been enough to cover its developmental costs. In relation to 64 quality standards for online course design, the level of performance was rated as ‘meets’ for 44 items; ‘exceeds’ for one item; ‘developing for 13 items’; and, ‘non-existent’ for six items. An additional 33 items were identified as ‘not applicable’ for the ‘light touch’ course design. Significance: From a learning design perspective there is much to like about the CSO course and the outcome of assessing it against the standards for ‘best practice’ online course design suggests that an evolutionary approach - making incremental changes - could improve the course whilst retaining its existing ‘light touch’ format. The CSO course on its own is unlikely to realise the depth of achievement implied in the course aims and learning outcomes. The CSO course may best be seen as an entrée into the art of clinical supervision.
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Franziska, Junker, van Tongeren Frank, and Komorowska Joanna. Impact of Animal Disease Outbreaks and Alternative Control Practices on Agricultural Markets and Trade. Paris: OECD Publishing, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/222658358641.

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