Relevant bibliographies by topics / Impact of change

Academic literature on the topic 'Impact of change'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Impact of change"

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Gerstengarbe, Friedrich-Wilhelm, Fred Hattermann, and Peggy Gräfe. "German climate change impact study." Meteorologische Zeitschrift 24, no. 2 (April 13, 2015): 121–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/metz/2015/0666.

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SUN, XIAOBING, BIXIN LI, WANZHI WEN, and SAI ZHANG. "ANALYZING IMPACT RULES OF DIFFERENT CHANGE TYPES TO SUPPORT CHANGE IMPACT ANALYSIS." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 23, no. 03 (April 2013): 259–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194013500071.

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Software change impact analysis (CIA) is a key technique for identifying unpredicted and potential effects caused by changes made to software. Different changes have different ripple effects to other parts in the program, even some changes do not affect other entities in spite of some dependencies existing between these entities and the modified one. This induces imprecision if such a factor is neglected. This article proposes a static CIA technique which considers the impact rules of different change types to predict the change effects. Input of our CIA includes changed classes, class methods and class fields, and the output is composed of potentially affected classes, class methods, and class fields. Precision improvement of the CIA technique relies on three aspects: change types of a modified entity, dependencies between the modified entity and other entities, and a precise initial impact set (IIS), on which the final impact set (FIS) is computed. Experimental case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of our technique, and present its potential applications in software maintenance.
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Kumar, Kiran. "Impact of Climate Change on Human Health." Indian Journal of Applied Research 4, no. 1 (October 1, 2011): 309–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/jan2014/90.

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Ingole, Sangita P., and Aruna U. Kakde. "Global Warming and Climate Change: Impact on Biodiversity." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 5 (June 1, 2012): 288–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/may2013/96.

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Bertelsmeier, Cleo, Gloria M. Luque, and Franck Courchamp. "The impact of climate change changes over time." Biological Conservation 167 (November 2013): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2013.07.038.

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Khanh Dam, Hoa. "Predicting change impact in Web service ecosystems." International Journal of Web Information Systems 10, no. 3 (August 12, 2014): 275–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijwis-03-2014-0006.

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Purpose – The paper aims to address the issue of Web service providers facing a major issue of estimating the potential effects of changing a Web service to other services, especially in large ecosystems of Web services which have become more common nowadays. Web service providers make constant changes to their Web services to meet the ever-changing business requirements. Design/methodology/approach – The paper proposes an approach to predict change impact by mining a version history of a Web service ecosystem. The proposed approach extracts patterns of Web services that have been changed together from the version history by using association rule data mining techniques. The approach then uses this knowledge of co-changed patterns for predicting the impact of future changes based on the assumption that Web services which have been changed together frequently in the past will likely be changed together in future. Findings – An empirical validation based on the Amazon’s ecosystem of 46 Web services indicates the effectiveness of the proposed approach. After an initial change, the proposed approach can correctly predict up to 25 per cent of further Web services to be changed with the precision of up to 82 per cent. Originality/value – Traditional approaches to predict change impact in Web services tend to rely on having a dependency graph between Web services. However, in practice, building and maintaining inter-service dependencies that capture the precise semantics and behaviours of the Web services are challenging and costly. The proposed approach offers a novel alternative which only requires mining the existing version history of Web services.
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Smith, Sean. "Small Change, Big Impact." Theological Librarianship 12, no. 1 (April 24, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.31046/tl.v12i1.536.

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Library assessment at the BU School of Theology Library identified one glaring weakness of our institution: the lack of useable collaborative/group study space. Staff identified one particular spot: a beautiful, but rarely used conference room for group study space, down a forbidding administrative hallway, as a short-term bandage for this weakness. Despite its deficiencies, this short-term solution it has become a popular spot in the library. Patron visits to the library increased over 10% during the first couple of months of the Fall 2018 semester. In an era of tightening library budgets for small, academic, and Theological libraries, aggressive data-collection and creative re-imagining of space can pay big dividends.
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Gupta, Chetna, and Varun Gupta. "Software Change Impact Analysis." International Journal of Systems and Service-Oriented Engineering 5, no. 2 (April 2015): 44–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijssoe.2015040103.

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This paper presents an approach to prioritize program segments within the impact set computed using functional call graph to assist regression testing for test case prioritization. The presented technique will first categorize the type of impact propagation and then prioritize the impacted segments into higher and lower levels based on propagation categorization. This will help in saving maintenance cost and effort by allocating higher priority to those segments which are impacted more within the impacted set. Thus a software engineer can first run those test cases which cover segments with higher impacted priority to minimize regression test selection.
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Bruce, James P. "Impact of climate change." Nature 377, no. 6549 (October 1995): 472. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/377472a0.

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Sundaraman, N. "Impact of climate change." Nature 377, no. 6549 (October 1995): 472. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/377472b0.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Impact of change"

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Frahm, Jennifer Anne. "The Impact of Change Communication on Change Receptivity : Two Cases of Continuous Change." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2005. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16124/1/Jennifer_Frahm_Thesis.pdf.

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Communication is inextricably linked with the process of organisational change (Lewis, 1999). However, managers report that communication of organisational change is challenging, particularly with the advent of continuously changing organisations (Buchanan, Claydon & Doyle, 1999). Continuously changing organisations are those that seek to be more flexible, more innovative and more responsive to the dynamic external environment. One of the problems associated with continuous change is the resultant impact of successive downsizings, re-engineering efforts and culture changes on employee receptivity to change. Despite the unquestioning adoption of continuous change efforts (Zorn, Christensen, & Cheney, 1999) there is a paucity of research on communication during this type of change. This thesis addresses this knowledge gap by situating the research within a continuous change context. The primary research question is 'how do change communication models impact on employee receptivity to change within a continuous change context', and this question considers issues pertaining to how accurately previous change communication models reflect and explain what occurs within change processes. This topic is examined within two case-study organisations through the use of multiple methods. The analysis occurs through an interpretive framework and utilises Langley's (1999) alternate templates as a strategy to manage the process based research. A model of change communication during continuous change is presented, with the central constructs of the model being monologic change communication, dialogic change communication and the background talk of change. Further, Van de Ven and Poole's (1995) Process Theories of Change are extended to consider the sequencing of the three constructs. The findings suggest that the sequencing of the dominant change communication models is informed by an alignment of individual communication competences and change communication expectations.
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Frahm, Jennifer Anne. "The Impact of Change Communication on Change Receptivity : Two Cases of Continuous Change." Queensland University of Technology, 2005. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16124/.

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Communication is inextricably linked with the process of organisational change (Lewis, 1999). However, managers report that communication of organisational change is challenging, particularly with the advent of continuously changing organisations (Buchanan, Claydon & Doyle, 1999). Continuously changing organisations are those that seek to be more flexible, more innovative and more responsive to the dynamic external environment. One of the problems associated with continuous change is the resultant impact of successive downsizings, re-engineering efforts and culture changes on employee receptivity to change. Despite the unquestioning adoption of continuous change efforts (Zorn, Christensen, & Cheney, 1999) there is a paucity of research on communication during this type of change. This thesis addresses this knowledge gap by situating the research within a continuous change context. The primary research question is 'how do change communication models impact on employee receptivity to change within a continuous change context', and this question considers issues pertaining to how accurately previous change communication models reflect and explain what occurs within change processes. This topic is examined within two case-study organisations through the use of multiple methods. The analysis occurs through an interpretive framework and utilises Langley's (1999) alternate templates as a strategy to manage the process based research. A model of change communication during continuous change is presented, with the central constructs of the model being monologic change communication, dialogic change communication and the background talk of change. Further, Van de Ven and Poole's (1995) Process Theories of Change are extended to consider the sequencing of the three constructs. The findings suggest that the sequencing of the dominant change communication models is informed by an alignment of individual communication competences and change communication expectations.
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Islam, Muhammad Saiful. "Modelling the impact of climate change on health." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2014. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/8yqvv/modelling-the-impact-of-climate-change-on-health.

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The main objective of this thesis is to develop a robust statistical model by accounting the non-linear relationships between hospital admissions due to lower respiratory (LR) disease and factors of climate and pollution, and their delayed effects on hospital admissions. This study also evaluates whether the model fits can be improved by considering the non-linearity of the data, delayed effect of the significant factors, and thus calculate threshold levels of the significant climate and pollution factors for emergency LR hospital admissions. For the first time three unique administrative datasets were merged: Hospital Episode Statistics, Met office observational data for climate factors, and data from London Air Quality Network. The results of the final GLM, showed that daily temperature, rain, wind speed, sun hours, relative humidity, and PM10 significantly affected the LR emergency hospital admissions. Then, we developed a Distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) model considering the significant climate and pollution factors. Time and ‘day of the week’ was incorporated as linear terms in the final model. Higher temperatures around ≥270C a quicker effect of 0-2 days lag but lower temperatures (≤00C) had delayed effects of 5-25 days lag. Humidity showed a strong immediate effect (0-3 days) of the low relative humidity at around ≤40% and a moderate effect for higher humidity (≥80%) with lag period of 0-2 days. Higher PM10 around ≥70-μg/m3 has both shorter (0-3 days) and longer lag effects (15-20 days) but the latter one is stronger comparatively. A strong effect of wind speed around ≥25 knots showed longer lag period of 8-15 days. There is a moderate effect for a shorter lag period of 0-3 days for lower wind speed (approximately 2 knots). We also notice a stronger effect of sun hours around ≥14 hours having a longer lag period of 15-20 days and moderate effect between 1-2 hours of 5-12 days lag. Similarly, higher amount of rain (≥30mm) has stronger effects, especially for the shorter lag of 0-2 days and longer lag of 7- 10 days. So far, very little research has been carried out on DLNM model in such research area and setting. This PhD research will contribute to the quantitative assessment of delayed and non-linear lag effects of climate and pollutants for the Greater London region. The methodology could easily be replicated on other disease categories and regions and not limited to LR admissions. The findings may provide useful information for the development and implementation of public health policies to reduce and prevent the impact of climate change on health problems.
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Holsten, Anne. "Climate change vulnerability assessments in the regional context." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2013. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2013/6683/.

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Adapting sectors to new conditions under climate change requires an understanding of regional vulnerabilities. Conceptually, vulnerability is defined as a function of sensitivity and exposure, which determine climate impacts, and adaptive capacity of a system. Vulnerability assessments for quantifying these components have become a key tool within the climate change field. However, there is a disagreement on how to make the concept operational in studies from a scientific perspective. This conflict leads to many still unsolved challenges, especially regarding the quantification and aggregation of the components and their suitable level of complexity. This thesis therefore aims at advancing the scientific foundation of such studies by translating the concept of vulnerability into a systematic assessment structure. This includes all components and implies that for each considered impact (e.g. flash floods) a clear sensitive entity is defined (e.g. settlements) and related to a direction of change for a specific climatic stimulus (e.g. increasing impact due to increasing days with heavy precipitation). Regarding the challenging aggregation procedure, two alternative methods allowing a cross-sectoral overview are introduced and their advantages and disadvantages discussed. This assessment structure is subsequently exemplified for municipalities of the German state North Rhine-Westphalia via an indicator-based deductive approach using information from literature. It can be transferred also to other regions. As for many relevant sectors, suitable indicators to express the vulnerability components are lacking, new quantification methods are developed and applied in this thesis, for example for the forestry and health sector. A lack of empirical data on relevant thresholds is evident, for example which climatic changes would cause significant impacts. Consequently, the multi-sectoral study could only provide relative measures for each municipality, in relation to the region. To fill this gap, an exemplary sectoral study was carried out on windthrow impacts in forests to provide an absolute quantification of the present and future impact. This is achieved by formulating an empirical relation between the forest characteristics and damage based on data from a past storm event. The resulting measure indicating the sensitivity is then combined with wind conditions. Multi-sectoral vulnerability assessments require considerable resources, which often hinders the implementation. Thus, in a next step, the potential for reducing the complexity is explored. To predict forest fire occurrence, numerous meteorological indices are available, spanning over a range of complexity. Comparing their performance, the single variable relative humidity outperforms complex indicators for most German states in explaining the monthly fire pattern. This is the case albeit it is itself an input factor in most indices. Thus, this meteorological factor alone is well suited to evaluate forest fire danger in many Germany regions and allows a resource-efficient assessment. Similarly, the complexity of methods is assessed regarding the application of the ecohydrological model SWIM to the German region of Brandenburg. The inter-annual soil moisture levels simulated by this model can only poorly be represented by simpler statistical approach using the same input data. However, on a decadal time horizon, the statistical approach shows a good performance and a strong dominance of the soil characteristic field capacity. This points to a possibility to reduce the input factors for predicting long-term averages, but the results are restricted by a lack of empirical data on soil water for validation. The presented assessments of vulnerability and its components have shown that they are still a challenging scientific undertaking. Following the applied terminology, many problems arise when implementing it for regional studies. Advances in addressing shortcomings of previous studies have been made by constructing a new systematic structure for characterizing and aggregating vulnerability components. For this, multiple approaches were presented, but they have specific advantages and disadvantages, which should also be carefully considered in future studies. There is a potential to simplify some methods, but more systematic assessments on this are needed. Overall, this thesis strengthened the use of vulnerability assessments as a tool to support adaptation by enhancing their scientific basis.
Die Anpassung von Sektoren an veränderte klimatische Bedingungen erfordert ein Verständnis von regionalen Vulnerabilitäten. Vulnerabilität ist als Funktion von Sensitivität und Exposition, welche potentielle Auswirkungen des Klimawandels darstellen, und der Anpassungsfähigkeit von Systemen definiert. Vulnerabilitätsstudien, die diese Komponenten quantifizieren, sind zu einem wichtigen Werkzeug in der Klimawissenschaft geworden. Allerdings besteht von der wissenschaftlichen Perspektive aus gesehen Uneinigkeit darüber, wie diese Definition in Studien umgesetzt werden soll. Ausdiesem Konflikt ergeben sich viele Herausforderungen, vor allem bezüglich der Quantifizierung und Aggregierung der einzelnen Komponenten und deren angemessenen Komplexitätsniveaus. Die vorliegende Dissertation hat daher zum Ziel die Anwendbarkeit des Vulnerabilitätskonzepts voranzubringen, indem es in eine systematische Struktur übersetzt wird. Dies beinhaltet alle Komponenten und schlägt für jede Klimaauswirkung (z.B. Sturzfluten) eine Beschreibung des vulnerablen Systems vor (z.B. Siedlungen), welches direkt mit einer bestimmten Richtung eines relevanten klimatischen Stimulus in Verbindung gebracht wird (z.B. stärkere Auswirkungen bei Zunahme der Starkregentage). Bezüglich der herausfordernden Prozedur der Aggregierung werden zwei alternative Methoden, die einen sektorübergreifenden Überblick ermöglichen, vorgestellt und deren Vor- und Nachteile diskutiert. Anschließend wird die entwickelte Struktur einer Vulnerabilitätsstudie mittels eines indikatorbasierten und deduktiven Ansatzes beispielhaft für Gemeinden in Nordrhein-Westfalen in Deutschland angewandt. Eine Übertragbarkeit auf andere Regionen ist dennoch möglich. Die Quantifizierung für die Gemeinden stützt sich dabei auf Informationen aus der Literatur. Da für viele Sektoren keine geeigneten Indikatoren vorhanden waren, werden in dieser Arbeit neue Indikatoren entwickelt und angewandt, beispielsweise für den Forst- oder Gesundheitssektor. Allerdings stellen fehlende empirische Daten bezüglich relevanter Schwellenwerte eine Lücke dar, beispielsweise welche Stärke von Klimaänderungen eine signifikante Auswirkung hervorruft. Dies führt dazu, dass die Studie nur relative Aussagen zum Grad der Vulnerabilität jeder Gemeinde im Vergleich zum Rest des Bundeslandes machen kann. Um diese Lücke zu füllen, wird für den Forstsektor beispielhaft die heutige und zukünftige Sturmwurfgefahr von Wäldern berechnet. Zu diesem Zweck werden die Eigenschaften der Wälder mit empirischen Schadensdaten eines vergangenen Sturmereignisses in Verbindung gebracht. Der sich daraus ergebende Sensitivitätswert wird anschließend mit den Windverhältnissen verknüpft. Sektorübergreifende Vulnerabilitätsstudien erfordern beträchtliche Ressourcen, was oft deren Anwendbarkeit erschwert. In einem nächsten Schritt wird daher das Potential einer Vereinfachung der Komplexität anhand zweier sektoraler Beispiele untersucht. Um das Auftreten von Waldbränden vorherzusagen, stehen zahlreiche meteorologische Indices zur Verfügung, welche eine Spannbreite unterschiedlicher Komplexitäten aufweisen. Bezüglich der Anzahl monatlicher Waldbrände weist die relative Luftfeuchtigkeit für die meisten deutschen Bundesländer eine bessere Vorhersagekraft als komplexere Indices auf. Dies ist er Fall, obgleich sie selbst als Eingangsvariable für die komplexeren Indices verwendet wird. Mit Hilfe dieses einzelnen meteorologischen Faktors kann also die Waldbrandgefahr in deutschen Region ausreichend genau ausgedrückt werden, was die Ressourceneffizienz von Studien erhöht. Die Methodenkomplexität wird auf ähnliche Weise hinsichtlich der Anwendung des ökohydrologischen Modells SWIM für die Region Brandenburg untersucht. Die interannuellen Bodenwasserwerte, welche durch dieses Modell simuliert werden, können nur unzureichend durch ein einfacheres statistisches Modell, welches auf denselben Eingangsdaten aufbaut, abgebildet werden. Innerhalb eines Zeithorizonts von Jahrzehnten, kann der statistische Ansatz jedoch das Bodenwasser zufriedenstellend abbilden und zeigt eine Dominanz der Bodeneigenschaft Feldkapazität. Dies deutet darauf hin, dass die Komplexität im Hinblick auf die Anzahl der Eingangsvariablen für langfristige Berechnungen reduziert werden kann. Allerdings sind die Aussagen durch fehlende beobachtete Bodenwasserwerte zur Validierung beschränkt. Die vorliegenden Studien zur Vulnerabilität und ihren Komponenten haben gezeigt, dass eine Anwendung noch immer wissenschaftlich herausfordernd ist. Folgt man der hier verwendeten Vulnerabilitätsdefinition, treten zahlreiche Probleme bei der Implementierung in regionalen Studien auf. Mit dieser Dissertation wurden Fortschritte bezüglich der aufgezeigten Lücken bisheriger Studien erzielt, indem eine systematische Struktur für die Beschreibung und Aggregierung von Vulnerabilitätskomponenten erarbeitet wurde. Hierfür wurden mehrere Ansätze diskutiert, die jedoch Vor- und Nachteile besitzen. Diese sollten vor der Anwendung von zukünftigen Studien daher ebenfalls sorgfältig abgewogen werden. Darüber hinaus hat sich gezeigt, dass ein Potential besteht einige Ansätze zu vereinfachen, jedoch sind hierfür weitere Untersuchungen nötig. Insgesamt konnte die Dissertation die Anwendung von Vulnerabilitätsstudien als Werkzeug zur Unterstützung von Anpassungsmaßnahmen stärken.
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Hindmarch, Helen Louise. "Design change management : developing a software application to support the evaluation of construction design changes." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/design-change-management-developing-a-software-application-to-support-the-evaluation-of-construction-design-changes(f84cf1fc-8d6f-447a-83be-75edf482ebdb).html.

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It is widely accepted that design changes, occurring during construction projects, can account for a significant proportion of the engineering design consultant’s total cost. Projects with multidisciplinary, distributed and virtual project teams, working on technically challenging problems, make the impact of design changes increasingly difficult to predict. Existing guidance suggests ‘best practice’ protocols for recording, reporting and communicating design changes. However, best practice protocols do not provide guidance for predicting the impact in terms of project cost and duration. Impact assessments are essential in the decision to implement changes and subsequently being in a position to justify fee claims to clients. Decisions in the construction process are normally based on experience and professional knowledge of practitioners, such as architects, engineers, project managers and contractors. There is evidence, however, that, in design management, sharing of professional knowledge tends to be tacit and socially constructed (where team members draw on their own experience and the experience of those around them). Although practitioner experience and intuition is invaluable in determining the impact of a design change, this research is based on the position that a more structured process is required. It is argued that a software based approach, to better inform practitioners’ existing knowledge, is required to improve the quality and accuracy of impact assessments. The current practice for managing and assessing change was examined through studying the operations of the case study organisation, undertaking a literature review and conducting interviews with representatives from organisations in other industries. A new project management tool was then developed which provides support for practitioners to make better-informed impact assessments. This is achieved through providing: (a) a process map to visualise rework, (b) instant access to previous similar impact assessments and (c) an embedded, standardised method for knowledge sharing. The concept for this tool was developed by combining appropriate techniques and tools found in the design management and knowledge management literature. Users are further encouraged to use the software tool through a system to automate the updating of Microsoft Project schedules, thus eliminating time currently spent scheduling rework. The validation and verification stages consisted of formal interviews with potential users and preliminary user testing. Regular feedback on the support tool was obtained from a wide range of peers and potential users and this was then used to develop its functionality. Positive feedback has included comments about the concept of the tool, user-friendliness and need for implementation.
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Jönsson, Per. "Exploring process aspects of change impact analysis /." Karlskrona : Department of Systems and Software Engineering School of Engineering, Blekinge Institute of Technology, 2007. http://www.bth.se/fou/forskinfo.nsf/allfirst2/64340a1fa4907a74c125738c0046601a?OpenDocument.

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Keith, Sally. "Impact of environmental change on ecological communities." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 2010. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/17118/.

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The impacts of environmental change on ecological communities are poorly understood relative to impacts on species. Impacts on inter-community (beta-) diversity are particularly neglected. As a result, our ability to forecast the impacts of environmental change on communities, and on individual species constrained by those communities, is seriously limited. However, as conservation efforts increasingly emphasise broad-scale approaches in terms of multi-species coverage and spatial scale, it is imperative that understanding ofbiodiversity change at these scales is enhanced so that conservation can be based on appropriate scientific evidence. Within this thesis I aimed to conduct multi-species analyses over multi-decada1 temporal scales at the spatial meso-sca1e to improve our understanding of such issues in both terrestrial and marine ecosystems. I discussed my findings in the theoretical context of G1easonian and C1ementsian views of species distributions (i.e. limitations to individualistic species responses) and their impact at the community scale. The temporal extent provided the opportunity to empirically test emerging concepts, including non-analogous communities, biotic homogenization, metacommunities and climate tracking responses at an appropriate meso-sca1e. Although no evidence for nonanalogous communities was found, biotic homogenization was supported and appeared to be caused by increased nitrogen and decreased light availability. An intertidal assemblage also converged but appeared to be driven by a reduced sea surface temperature gradient. Woodland plant metacommunity structure was demonstrated to be C1ementsian for woodland plants despite experiencing biodiversity loss. Hydrodynamic features were demonstrated to act as meso-sca1e dispersal barriers that limited intertidal invertebrates in tracking of climate (sea surface temperature) over the last 20 years. These barriers appear to alter when modelled under a scenario of sea level rise. Overall, results suggest that species are responding individualistically but that these responses are bounded by extrinsic constraints.
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LANGELLA, VALENTINA. "SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT: THE MEASUREMENT OF CHANGE." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/6047.

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Tutte le organizzazioni hanno un impatto che riguarda l'economia, la società e l'ambiente naturale. Gli studi accademici di diversi filoni di ricerca (ad business and society studies, accounting, strategic management) propongono diverse definizioni di "impatto sociale" (Latane, 1981; Burdge & Vanclay, 1996;. Emerson et al, 2000;. Clark et al, 2004 ). Tutte queste definizioni descrivono, in modo più o meno esplicito, il concetto di "cambiamento", essendo basati sulla “teoria del cambiamento” (Weiss, 1972; Anderson, 2004) - vale a dire, il cambiamento che un'organizzazione può produrre nel modo di vivere delle persone, nella cultura, personale nelle aspirazioni, ma anche rispetto alla comunità, ai sistemi politici, l'ambiente, la salute e il benessere. La misurazione dell’impatto sociale conduce l'organizzazione a considerare i cambiamenti prodotti sugli stakeholders come risultato di una serie di rapporti causa-effetto proposteidalla teoria del cambiamento. L'obiettivo della misurazione dell’impatto sociale è quindi di capire, in termini sociali, ambientali ed economici, i cambiamenti che si sono verificati nella vita delle parti interessate, a causa di attività di organizzazioni, al fine di comunicarlo (Nicholls et al, 2009). Nonostante il crescente interesse sulla misurazione dell'impatto sociale, la produzione accademica sull'argomento è ancora scarsa. La presente tesi contribuisce alla discussione in corso, concentrandosi sulla teoria, i concetti e strumenti per misurare l'impatto sociale. In particolare, due contesti di analisi sono presi in considerazione: la finanza etica e l'educazione all'imprenditorialità. La tesi si compone di tre articoli. La prima ricerca vuole fornire una revisione della letteratura sul tema della misurazione dell'impatto sociale nel contesto della finanza etica, il secondo articolo è una ricerca-azione su una metodologia per misurare l'impatto sociale delle banche etiche sviluppata attraverso lo studio del caso estremo di Banca Popolare Etica, e la terza ricerca riguarda il contesto della formazione imprenditoriale e mira a studiare l'impatto di un programma MBA sugli antecedenti dell’intenzione all'imprenditorialità di studenti in Ghana. Più in dettaglio, il primo documento è intitolato " Review of impact assessment methodologies for ethical finance ". Questo documento fornisce una rassegna completa della letteratura sulla misurazione dell'impatto sociale nelle banche etiche. In particolare, si discute l'approccio delle banche etiche all’impatto sociale e alla misurazione dell'impatto sociale considerando diversi studi e analisi, poi proponendo un elenco di indicatori e outcomes da utilizzare per evidenziare l'impatto sociale delle attività delle banche etiche. Si segnalano, inoltre, alcune lacune nella letteratura che abbiamo posto come questioni aperte per la ricerca futura. La ricerca è stata portata avanti con due partner: la Fédération Européenne des Banques et Ethiques Alternative (FEBEA) e l’Institute of Social banks (ISB). Il titolo della seconda ricerca è: " Measurement of social impact in financial institutions: the case of Banca Popolare Etica ". Si tratta di una ricerca-azione su una metodologia per misurare l'impatto sociale delle banche etiche, fondata sul caso di studio di Banca Popolare Etica. Usiamo un set di dati composto da 1.385 organizzazioni e 1324 individui, beneficiari dei finanziamenti, per studiare la misurazione dell'impatto sociale dei progetti finanziati. Integrando in un unico processo di valutazione (sia quantitative che qualitative) diverse metodologie generalmente utilizzate singolarmente per la misurazione di impatto sociale (Social Return on Investment (SROI), Impact Reporting Investment Standards (IRIS) e storytelling), il caso mostra come i limiti tradizionali di metodologie per misurare l'impatto sociale possono essere superati. Il terzo e ultimo studio è intitolato " Does entrepreneurial education impact on antecedents of entrepreneurial intention? An analysis of an Entrepreneurship MBA in Ghana". Questo studio ha lo scopo di analizzare gli effetti di un programma di educazione all'imprenditorialità, sugli antecedenti dell'intenzione imprenditoriale di studenti in un paese in via di sviluppo. Lo studio analizza i risultati di una ricerca di impatto eseguita con partecipanti di uno specifico programma di formazione all'imprenditorialità: il "E4impact MBA", tenuto dal l'Istituto Cattolico di Business and Technology - CIBT in Accra, Ghana. Il metodo misto impiegato, era un approccio esplicativo (Creswell, Plano Clark et al, 2003), con un disegno quasi-sperimentale (Cohen e Manion, 1989) con test pre e post e misure di cambiamento auto-percepito. Abbiamo valutato i cambiamenti nelle caratteristiche psicologiche imprenditoriali (Need for achievement, Self-efficacy, Locus of control; Risk taking propensity; Tolerance for ambiguity) e competenze e conoscenze personali (Creatività, Conoscenza, Flessibilità, Networking e analisi) sul modello esteso della Teoria del Comportamento Pianificato. L'analisi mostra che il programma di educazione all'imprenditorialità ha un forte impatto sugli antecedenti psicologici e cognitivi delle intenzioni imprenditoriali. Quindi, la partecipazione al programma di educazione all'imprenditorialità può influenzare positivamente le intenzioni imprenditoriali degli studenti e il controllo comportamentale percepito sostenendo l'idea che le università hanno un ruolo fondamentale nel plasmare e promuovere le intenzioni imprenditoriali e le abilità attraverso programmi di formazione all'imprenditorialità.
All organizations have impacts that affect economy, society and the natural environment. Academics from different streams of research (i.e. business and society studies, accounting, strategic management) propose several definitions of “social impact” (Latané, 1981; Burdge & Vanclay, 1996; Emerson et al., 2000; Clark et al., 2004). All these definitions describe, more or less explicitly, the concept of “change”, being each one based on the Theory of Change (Weiss, 1972; Anderson, 2004) – i.e., the change that an organization can produce in people’s way of life, culture, personal and property rights, fears and aspirations, but also with respect to community, political systems, environment, health and wellbeing. The measurement of social impact leads the organization to consider the changes on stakeholders as a result of the set of cause-effect relations proposed by the theory of change. The objective of social impact measurement thus is to understand, in social, environmental and economic terms, changes that have occurred in stakeholders’ lives because of organizations activities, in order to communicate it (Nicholls et al, 2009). Despite a growing interest on social impact measurement, academic production in the topic is still scarce. The present Ph.D. thesis contributes to the ongoing discussion by focusing on the theory, concepts and tools to measure social impact. In particular, two context of analysis are at issue: ethical finance and entrepreneurship education. The work consists of three papers. The first research wants to provide a review of the literature on the issue of measuring the social impact in the context of ethical finance, the second paper is an action research on a methodology for measuring the social impact of ethical banks developed through the extreme case study of Banca Popolare Etica, and the third research concerns the context of entrepreneurial education and aims at studying the impact of an MBA program on the antecedents of entrepreneurship intention of students in Ghana. More in details, the first paper is entitled “Review of impact assessment methodologies for ethical finance”. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the literature on measuring the social impact in ethical banks. Specifically, we discuss the approach of ethical banks to social impact and social impact measurement considering several studies and frameworks of analysis, then proposing a list of indicators and outcomes to be used to highlight the social impact of ethical banks’ activities. We also point out some gaps in the literature that we left as questions open for future research. The research was carried on with two partners: the Fédération Européenne des Banques Ethiques et Alternatives (FEBEA) and the Institute of Social banks (ISB). The title of the second paper is: “Measurement of social impact in financial institutions: the case of Banca Popolare Etica”. This is an action research on a methodology for measuring the social impact of ethical banks, grounded on the case study of Banca Popolare Etica. We use a dataset of 1,385 organizations and 1,324 individuals, recipients of funding, to study the measurement of the social impact of the projects funded. Integrating in a single assessment process (both quantitative and qualitative) various methodologies generally singularly used for the measurement of social impact (Social Return on Investment (SROI), Impact Reporting Investment Standards (IRIS) and storytelling), the case shows how the traditional limitations of methodologies to measure social impact can be overcome. The third and last study is entitled “Does entrepreneurial education impact on antecedents of entrepreneurial intention? An analysis of an Entrepreneurship MBA in Ghana”. This study has the aim to analyze the effects of an entrepreneurship education program, on the antecedents of entrepreneurial intention of students in a developing country. The study analyzes the results of an impact research conducted with participants to a specific entrepreneurship education program: the “E4impact MBA”, held by the Catholic Institute of Business and Technology – CIBT in Accra, Ghana. The mixed method design employed, was an explanatory approach (Creswell, Plano Clark et al., 2003) with a quasi-experimental design (Cohen and Manion, 1989) featuring both pre-post tests and self-perceived change measures. We assessed changes in entrepreneurial psychological characteristics (Need for achievement, Self-efficacy, Locus of control; Risk taking propensity; Tolerance for ambiguity) and personal skills and knowlwdge (Creativity, Knowledge, Flexibility, Networking and Analysis) following the extended model of the Theory of Planned Behaviour. The analysis shows that the entrepreneurship education program has a strong impact on psychological and cognitive antecedents of entrepreneurial intentions. That is, participation in entrepreneurship education program can positively influence students’ entrepreneurial intentions and perceived behavioral control supporting the idea that universities have a key role in shaping and fostering entrepreneurial intentions and abilities through entrepreneurship education program.
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Berggren, Karolina. "Urban drainage and climate change : impact assessment." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Arkitektur och vatten, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-25792.

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According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007), the global mean temperature has increased by 0,7 °C during the last 100 years and, as a consequence, the hydrological cycle has intensified with, for example, more intense rainfall events. As urban drainage systems have been developed over a long period of time and design criteria are based upon climatic characteristics, these changes will affect the systems and the city accordingly.The overall objective of this thesis is to increase the knowledge about urban drainage in a changing climate. In more detail, the objective is to investigate how climate change may affect urban drainage systems, and also to suggest methods for these investigations.The thesis consists of four papers. The first paper concentrates on the Delta change method for adaptation of rainfall data from climate models for urban hydrology use. The second paper is an impact assessment with urban drainage model simulation of a study area in the south of Sweden. The third paper is also an impact study, from a cause and effect approach, where the whole urban water is included. Finally, the fourth paper contains a strategy and suggestions about tools to use for assessing impacts on urban drainage systems due to climate change. The suggested tools are urban drainage model simulations, Geographical Information Systems (GIS), and risk analysis methods.The Delta change approach is feasible for handling the differences in spatial and temporal resolution between climate model data and the needs for urban drainage model simulations, as the method is relatively simple and the temporal resolution of observed rainfall series is preserved. In the study area with separated storm water system, the model simulations show that the number of surface floods as well as the geographical distribution of the floods increases in the future time periods (2011-2040, 2041-2070, and 2071-2100). Future precipitation will also increase both the flooding frequency and the duration of floods; therefore, the need to handle future situations in urban drainage systems and to have a well-planned strategy to cope with future conditions is evident. The overall impacts on urban drainage systems due to increased precipitation may, for example, be an increased number of basement floods, surface floods, problems with property and road drainage, and also increased amount of infiltration into pipes and combined sewer overflows (CSOs). The knowledge gained from this thesis, and the strategy suggested, can be used as a starting point for impact studies on urban drainage systems. Since most impacts concern several different disciplines and a multifunctional understanding, the studies should also be performed in cooperation with parties concerned.
Godkänd; 2007; 20071010 (karober)
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Hu, Xiaolong. "Impact of climate change on power systems." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/impact-of-climate-change-on-power-systems(2132a62f-afa2-4d91-8381-5ec8643b97b4).html.

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The global mean surface temperature rise was observed in the past century and proved the warming of the earth climate system. Global warming is believed to continue into the next decades due to unprecedented increases in greenhouse gas emissions. As a consequence of global warming, extreme weather scenarios are also expected to occur more frequently. In such a context, it is of vital importance to assess the impacts of climate change on the operational performance of power systems. This thesis investigates the impacts of climate change on the operational performance of power systems. The future climate is simulated based on emission scenarios and is then used as an input to the thermal models of power system components to assess their ratings and ageing, and further the reliability of the system. This research contributes to a number of areas in power system research. In the literature review, the risks that climate change may cause to power systems are identified. The models used for the simulation of future climate are firstly introduced. The weather variables that can be simulated from the models include air temperature, solar radiation, wind speed and direction, soil moisture and soil temperature. Among the models, the one for soil temperature is originally developed in this thesis. Following this, the component thermal models of overhead line, cable and transformer, from different standards are compared and selected. After that, the sensitivity of component ratings to individual weather variables is investigated, as a preliminary study for the later research in this thesis. Then, the impacts of climate change on component ratings (including both static and dynamic rating) are comprehensively and probabilistically assessed. The assessment results indicate the reduction of component ratings due to climate change. The impacts of climate change on system reliability is further examined on the IEEE Reliability Test System. Results demonstrate and quantify the reduction of both component ratings and system reliability, and prove that the dynamic rating can be used to mitigate the reduction. Finally, the preliminary exploration of transformer ageing is carried out and shows an increased ageing rate due to air temperature rises.
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Books on the topic "Impact of change"

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Bohner, Shawn A. Software change impact analysis. Los Alamitos, Calif: IEEE Computer Society Press, 1996.

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Clarke, Hazel. The impact of climate change. Nairobi, Kenya: United Nations Environment Programme, 1993.

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Wright, Stephen G. Impact of change: New opportunities. London: Continuing Nurse Education Programme, 1996.

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Sundaresan, J. Climate change impact on ecosystem. Jodhpur: Scientific Publishers, 2013.

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Batini, Nicoletta. The global impact of demographic change. [Washington, D.C.]: International Monetary Fund, Research Dept., 2006.

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O'Brien, James Jerome. Construction change orders: Impact, avoidance, documentation. New York: McGraw Hill, 1998.

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Cumine, P. Climate change and environmental impact assessment. Oxford: Oxford Brookes University, 2000.

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Violanti, John M. Police retirement: The impact of change. Springfield, Ill., U.S.A: C.C. Thomas, 1992.

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Panneerselvam, Balamurugan, Chaitanya Baliram Pande, Kirubakaran Muniraj, Anand Balasubramanian, and Nagavinothini Ravichandran, eds. Climate Change Impact on Groundwater Resources. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04707-7.

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United States Geological Survey. USGS global change research. [Reston, Va.]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Impact of change"

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Channer, Philip, and Tina Hope. "Managing Change." In Emotional Impact, 10–17. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230508842_3.

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Milroy, James. "When is a sound change?" In Social Dialectology, 209–21. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/impact.16.15mil.

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Levasseur, Annie. "Climate Change." In Life Cycle Impact Assessment, 39–50. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9744-3_3.

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Milroy, Lesley. "Social and linguistic dimensions of phonological change." In Social Dialectology, 155–71. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/impact.16.12mil.

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Stahl, Erwin, and Paul Garte. "Impact Investing Practice Report: Impact Analysis and Impact Reporting at BonVenture." In Theories of Change, 169–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52275-9_12.

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Maclagan, Margaret, and Elizabeth Gordon. "Variation and sound change in New Zealand English." In Social Dialectology, 69–80. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/impact.16.07mac.

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Reubold, Ulrich, and Jonathan Harrington. "Disassociating the effects of age from phonetic change." In Language Development, 9–38. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/impact.37.02reu.

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Abdul Malak, Dania, Katriona McGlade, Diana Pascual, and Eduard Pla. "Impact Assessment." In Adapting to Climate Change, 13–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51680-6_3.

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Falsarone, Alessia. "Culture and Climate Change." In The Impact Challenge, 81–94. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003212225-7.

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Nevalainen, Terttu. "Age-related variation and language change in Early Modern English." In Language Development, 129–46. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/impact.37.07nev.

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Conference papers on the topic "Impact of change"

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Audefroy, J. F. "Climate change adaptation strategies in Mexico." In ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT 2016. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/eid160171.

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German, Daniel M., Gregorio Robles, and Ahmed E. Hassan. "Change Impact Graphs: Determining the Impact of Prior Code Changes." In 2008 Eighth IEEE International Working Conference on Source Code Analysis and Manipulation (SCAM 2008). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/scam.2008.33.

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"Climate impact on plant and insect phenology in Austria I." In Global Change Programme. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/climphens1.

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BUORO, ALVARO BUENO, EDUARDO CESAR COUTINHO, and DANIEL SPECHT. "EVALUATING POLICY IMPACT OF LARGE WATER RESERVOIRS UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE." In ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT 2018. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/eid180131.

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Ater, P. I., and G. C. Aye. "Economic impact of climate change on Nigerian maize sector: a Ricardian analysis." In ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT 2012. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/eid120211.

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VIDERAS, MARTA, SERGIO G. MELGAR, ANTONIO S. CORDERO, and JOSÉ MANUEL ANDÚJAR MÁRQUEZ. "FUTURE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON BUILDINGS’ ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN SUBTROPICAL CLIMATES." In ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT 2020. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/eid200121.

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Diaz, Jessica, Jennifer Perez, Juan Garbajosa, and Agustin Yague. "Change-Impact Driven Agile Architecting." In 2013 46th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hicss.2013.127.

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Ferenček, Aljaž. "Impact Assesment of Open Government Data." In Digital Support from Crisis to Progressive Change. University of Maribor Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-485-9.56.

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Public sector organizations produce and process increasing amounts of data and the number of research and initiatives on open data is also increasing. Defining the true value of OGD is challenging without knowing how it impacts society and its economy. While the analysis of the economic benefits of open data is one way to describe the effect of government openness, the impact of open data is measured also in social and political context. Feedback mechanisms that are currently used are mostly surveys, while the number of OGD use cases is increasing. This paper proposes a preliminary model for research on assessing impact areas of OGD in an automated manner by using text mining techniques on existing use cases.
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Hanam, Quinn, Ali Mesbah, and Reid Holmes. "Aiding Code Change Understanding with Semantic Change Impact Analysis." In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance and Evolution (ICSME). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsme.2019.00031.

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Edwards, Phil, and Matt Francey. "Organisational Change in Urban Stormwater Quality Management Programs." In International Low Impact Development Conference 2008. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41009(333)52.

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Reports on the topic "Impact of change"

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Turner, M. (Landscape-ecological impact of climatic change). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5167676.

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Benson, Vivienne. Recipes for Impact: Feed, Thinking, Nourish, Change. Institute of Development Studies and The Impact Initiative, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35648/20.500.12413/11781/ii369.

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This booklet profiles a selection of research funded by the ESRC-FCDO Strategic Partnership and the impact they have achieved. While these stories only show a snapshot of the research, they all highlight the multiple, unique and sometimes surprising paths to achieving impact.
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E., Pramova, Chazarin F., Locatelli B., and Hoppe M. Climate change impact chains in tropical coastal areas. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.17528/cifor/005179.

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Joyce, Linda A., and Richard Birdsey. The impact of climate change on America's forests. Ft. Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rmrs-gtr-59.

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Danielle Salcido, Danielle Salcido. How Will Global Climate Change Impact Tropical Communities? Experiment, December 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/1814.

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Weyrauch, Vanesa, and Gala Díaz Langou. Sound expectations: from impact evaluations to policy change. International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie), May 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.23846/wp0012.

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Williams, Iván, and Diego Alburez-Gutierrez. Mortality change and its impact on child survival. Rostock: Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/mpidr-wp-2021-001.

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Research Institute (IFPRI), International Food Policy. Climate change: Impact on agriculture and costs of adaptation. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/0896295354.

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Pindyck, Robert. Modeling the Impact of Warming in Climate Change Economics. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w15692.

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Pathak, D., and P. K. Mool. Climate Change Impacts on Hazards in the Eastern Himalayas; Climate Change Impact and Vulnerability in the Eastern Himalayas - Technical Report 5. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.519.

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