Relevant bibliographies by topics / Impact – Mathematical models

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Impact – Mathematical models'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Impact – Mathematical models"

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Zhuk, Tetyana. "Mathematical Models of Reinsurance." Mohyla Mathematical Journal 3 (January 29, 2021): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18523/2617-70803202031-37.

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Insurance provides financial security and protection of the independence of the insured person. Its principles are quite simple: insurance protects investments, life and property. You regularly pay a certain amount of money in exchange for a guarantee that in case of unforeseen circumstances (accident, illness, death, property damage) the insurance company will protect you in the form of financial compensation.Reinsurance, in turn, has a significant impact on ensuring the financial stability of the insurer. Because for each type of insurance there is a possibility of large and very large risks that one insurance company can not fully assume. In the case of a portfolio with very high risks, the company may limit their acceptance, or give part of the reinsurance. The choice of path depends entirely on the company’s policy and type of insurance.This paper considers the main types of reinsurance and their mathematical models. An analysis of the probability of bankruptcy and the optimal use of a particular type of reinsurance are provided.There are also some examples and main results of research on this topic. After all, today the insurance industry is actively gaining popularity both in Ukraine and around the world. Accordingly, with a lot of competition, every insurer wants to get the maximum profit with minimal e↵ort.
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Vol’nikov, Mikhail, and Vladimir Vasilevich Smogunov. "MODELS OF ROADWAY DEGRADATION PROCESSES." Automation and modeling in design and management 2022, no. 2 (June 22, 2022): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/2658-6436-2022-2-49-60.

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The issues of modelling the impact of influencing factors on the roadway degradation are considered. Constant external disturbances in the form of temperature, dynamic and other influences lead to the degradation of the heterostructures that make up the roadway. To clarify the causes and conditions under which the most intense roadway destruction occurs, theoretical and experimental studies are needed on physical and mathematical models that describe road heterostructures. The aim of the work is mathematical modelling of the impact of influencing factors on the roadway degradation. Mathematical models of description are proposed. Estimating the influence of the main external factors on the occurrence of the road heterostructure degradation and recommendations for taking into consideration external and internal influences that cause road degradation are presented. The article obtains technological parameters of the roadway, under which destruction does not occur. The presented mathematical models make it possible to adequately describe the impact of external and internal factors on the roadway, to study the dynamics of the occurring phenomena in the degradation process, to establish the degree of influence on the road heterostructures and the destruction nature.
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Tedeschi, Luís Orlindo, Danny Gene Fox, Roberto Daniel Sainz, Luís Gustavo Barioni, Sérgio Raposo de Medeiros, and Celso Boin. "Mathematical models in ruminant nutrition." Scientia Agricola 62, no. 1 (January 2005): 76–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162005000100015.

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Mathematical models can be used to improve performance, reduce cost of production, and reduce nutrient excretion by accounting for more of the variation in predicting requirements and feed utilization in each unique production situation. Mathematical models can be classified into five or more categories based on their nature and behavior. Determining the appropriate level of aggregation of equations is a major problem in formulating models. The most critical step is to describe the purpose of the model and then to determine the appropriate mix of empirical and mechanistic representations of physiological functions, given development and evaluation dataset availability, inputs typically available and the benefits versus the risks of use associated with increased sensitivity. We discussed five major feeding systems used around the world. They share common concepts of energy and nutrient requirement and supply by feeds, but differ in structure and application of the concepts. Animal models are used for a variety of purposes, including the simple description of observations, prediction of responses to management, and explanation of biological mechanisms. Depending upon the objectives, a number of different approaches may be used, including classical algebraic equations, predictive empirical relationships, and dynamic, mechanistic models. The latter offer the best opportunity to make full use of the growing body of knowledge regarding animal biology. Continuing development of these types of models and computer technology and software for their implementation holds great promise for improvements in the effectiveness with which fundamental knowledge of animal function can be applied to improve animal agriculture and reduce its impact on the environment.
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Waniewski, Jacek. "Mathematical Models for Peritoneal Transport Characteristics." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 19, no. 2_suppl (February 1999): 193–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089686089901902s32.

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Four mathematical models and for the description of peritoneal transport of fluid solutes are reviewed. The membrane model is usually applied for (1) separation of transport components, (2) formulation of the relationship between flow components and their driving forces, and (3) estimation of transport parameters. The three-pore model provides correct relationships between various transport parameters and demonstrates that the peritoneal membrane should be considered heteroporous. The extended threepore model discriminates between heteroporous capillary wall and tissue layer, which are assumed to be arranged in series; the model improves and modifies the results of the three-pore model. The distributed model includes all parameters involved in peritoneal transport and takes into account the real structure of the tissue with capillaries distributed at various distances from the surface of the tissue. How the distributed model may be applied for the evaluation of the possible impact of perfusion rate on peritoneal transport, as recently discussed for clinical and experimental studies, is demonstrated. The distributed model should provide theoretical bases for the application of other models as approximate and simplified descriptions of peritoneal transport. However, an unsolved problem is the theoretical description of bi-directional fluid transport, which includes ultrafiltration to the peritoneal cavity owing to the osmotic pressure of dialysis fluid and absorption out of the peritoneal cavity owing to hydrostatic pressure.
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Sonnergaard, J. M. "Impact of particle density and initial volume on mathematical compression models." European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 4 (October 2000): 307–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0928-0987(00)00119-6.

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Pawlus, Witold, Hamid Reza Karimi, and Kjell Gunnar Robbersmyr. "Development of lumped-parameter mathematical models for a vehicle localized impact." Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 25, no. 7 (July 2011): 1737–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12206-011-0505-x.

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Martyniuk, Olesia, and Stepan Popina. "Mathematical models of unshadowing the wages." Herald of Ternopil National Economic University, no. 4(90) (December 12, 2018): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/visnyk2018.04.019.

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The article addresses a social and economic phenomenon of shadow economy, which is typical for many countries and may result in a macroeconomic imbalance. The latter hinders the sustainable growth of the economy and leads to state budget losses. Shadow economy is penetrating into almost all sectors of the national economy. As shown in the paper, a high level of shadow economy is a threat to the national economic security of the country and a cause of declining its competitiveness. The findings confirm that measuring the impact of some factors of shadow economy on the economic security of the country is quite difficult. However, there are some factors for which mathematical models can be built to describe a correlation between economic indicators and a certain factor of shadow economy. Since salary expenses constitute a significant portion of enterprise’s basic expenses, it is important to build mathematical models for calculating the correlation between shadow salaries and tax rates. Thus, the purpose of the article is to examine mathematical models of the correlation between official and shadow salaries and tax rates. The developed mathematical models demonstrate that a reduction of tax rates is followed by changes in a shadow part of salaries. The article describes a number of cases when there are no changes in salaries and tax revenues, as well as cases of pay increase. The analysis finally suggests ways to increase salaries and techniques to de-shadow salaries. The authors use general scientific methods of generalization, comparison, analysis, and the method of mathematical modeling.
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Zastempowski, Marcin, Andrzej Bochat, Lubomir Hujo, Juraj Jablonicky, and Maciej Janiec. "Impact of Cutting Units’ Design on Biomass Cutting Resistance." Acta Mechanica et Automatica 16, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 259–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ama-2022-0031.

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Abstract The paper presents mathematical models describing the moments of resistance to cutting on the cutting drum shafts in the biomass cutting process. The mathematical procedures described in the paper have been verified on a test stand developed and constructed by the authors, which reflects real conditions of the process of cutting plant material into pieces of specified lengths. Experimental verification proved that the developed mathematical models are adequate for drums of both cylindrical and conical constructions. The value of the average error did not exceed 13%. Following the mathematical elaboration and verification studies, the authors carried out calculations for machines currently available on the market that are equipped with drum cutting units. The calculations were carried out for the most commonly cut material, i.e. for maize, straw and green plant materials. The obtained results confirm the complexity of the problem arising from a wide range of numerical values of cutting resistance, which is contained in the range of 400–1,800 nm. The compiled database can be practically applied in the selection of machines for specific field works, and the mathematical models developed and verified in the study can be applied at the stage of designing new designs of cutting drums used in forage harvesters.
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Sommariva, Sara, Giacomo Caviglia, Gianmario Sambuceti, and Michele Piana. "Mathematical Models for FDG Kinetics in Cancer: A Review." Metabolites 11, no. 8 (August 6, 2021): 519. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo11080519.

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Compartmental analysis is the mathematical framework for the modelling of tracer kinetics in dynamical Positron Emission Tomography. This paper provides a review of how compartmental models are constructed and numerically optimized. Specific focus is given on the identifiability and sensitivity issues and on the impact of complex physiological conditions on the mathematical properties of the models.
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Chung, Chun Yen, Hung Yuan Chung, and Wen Tsai Sung. "Mathematical Models for the Dynamics Simulation of Tuberculosis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 418 (September 2013): 265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.418.265.

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In recent years, following malaria, tuberculosis, AIDS, Novel Influenza, and other infectious diseases, have an enormous impact on the entire globe, and directly and profoundly awaken the public, making them cognitive and alert regarding emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. For some countries or developing regions, tuberculosis is still very serious, however, the public is still unclear TB development and change a variety of factors, therefore, need a model theory of tuberculosis. In view of this, the global epidemic, scientists and statisticians hope to further develop a complete inspection and data acquisition system and is committed to the existing monitoring system, and through the establishment of mathematical models and the spread of infectious diseases dynamics of quantitative methods to facilitate the practical application and control of epidemics, trends and cost-benefit assessment, and help build disease prevention policies, evaluation and revision.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Impact – Mathematical models"

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Moore, Matthew Richard. "New mathematical models for splash dynamics." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c94ff7f2-296a-4f13-b04b-e9696eda9047.

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In this thesis, we derive, extend and generalise various aspects of impact theory and splash dynamics. Our methods throughout will involve isolating small parameters in our models, which we can utilise using the language of matched asymptotics. In Chapter 1 we briefly motivate the field of impact theory and outline the structure of the thesis. In Chapter 2, we give a detailed review of classical small-deadrise water entry, Wagner theory, in both two and three dimensions, highlighting the key results that we will use in our extensions of the theory. We study oblique water entry in Chapter 3, in which we use a novel transformation to relate an oblique impact with its normal-impact counterpart. This allows us to derive a wide range of solutions to both two- and three-dimensional oblique impacts, as well as discuss the limitations and breakdown of Wagner theory. We return to vertical water-entry in Chapter 4, but introduce the air layer trapped between the impacting body and the liquid it is entering. We extend the classical theory to include this air layer and in the limit in which the density ratio between the air and liquid is sufficiently small, we derive the first-order correction to the Wagner solution due to the presence of the surrounding air. The model is presented in both two dimensions and axisymmetric geometries. In Chapter 5 we move away from Wagner theory and systematically derive a series of splash jet models in order to find possible mechanisms for phenomena seen in droplet impact and droplet spreading experiments. Our canonical model is a thin jet of liquid shot over a substrate with a thin air layer trapped between the jet and the substrate. We consider a variety of parameter regimes and investigate the stability of the jet in each regime. We then use this model as part of a growing-jet problem, in which we attempt to include effects due to the jet tip. In the final chapter we summarise the main results of the thesis and outline directions for future work.
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Banan, Roshan Aerospace Civil &amp Mechanical Engineering Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "An engineering approach to modelling ballistic impact on hybrid polymer laminates." Publisher:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. Information Technology & Electrical Engineering, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/44094.

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Hybrid polymer laminates of polycarbonate and PMMA have generated considerable interest among researchers as an alternative to traditional glass armours because of their potential for reduced cost and weight. Generally, the development of ballistic armour is carried out experimentally which is an expensive task in terms of time and cost. Numerical simulation provides a much greater facility to understand the phenomenon of ballistic impact and the effects of various parameters on the response to such impact. In addition it provides an easy means of comparing the impact performance of different materials as well as combination of materials forming hybrid laminates. The aim of this research was to develop a numerical modelling capability to simulate the ballistic response of hybrid polymer laminates, specifically polycarbonate and PMMA, using a commercially available finite element code LS-DYNA. The challenge was to work within the limitations of the material models and the failure algorithms available within LS-DYNA, and still try to reproduce the behaviour observed experimentally by previous researchers, initially on monolithic plates of polycarbonate and PMMA and then on hybrid laminates. The first part of the study focuses on a detailed literature survey on mechanical and dynamic characterisation of polycarbonate and PMMA as well as experimental and numerical studies previously conducted on ballistic behaviour of these materials as well as their combinations. The material properties of the polymers compiled from this literature survey were used as input for the selected LS-DYNA material model. Impact simulations were carried on monolithic and laminated media of polycarbonate and PMMA and where possible these were compared to experimental results. It was observed that the results agreed with the experimental data qualitatively. Quantitatively the results showed some discrepancies which were attributed to the limitations faced in simulating the exact test conditions numerically. Numerical simulations were carried out to study the effects of variations in laminate thickness and plate support diameters as well as to examine the influence of the bond between the layers. Finally the impact response of four different combinations of polycarbonate and PMMA are compared to each other for different laminate thicknesses.
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Nicholls, Rochelle Louise. "Mathematical modelling of bat-ball impact in baseball." University of Western Australia. School of Human Movement and Exercise Science, 2003. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2004.0016.

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[Formulae and special characters can only be approximated here. Please see the pdf version of the abstract for an accurate reproduction.] Ball-impact injuries in baseball, while relatively rare, have the potential to be catastrophic. These injuries are primarily attributed to impact by the ball after it has been hit, pitched or thrown. As the closest infielder to the hitter, the pitcher is at greatest risk of being struck by the batted ball. This thesis investigated the influence of bat and ball design on ball exit velocity (BEV) and the potential for impact injury to pitchers. Finite element analysis (FEA) was used to quantify the dynamics of bat-ball impact for bats of various moment of inertia and baseballs with different mechanical properties. The analysis was conducted using ANSYS/LSDYNA explicit dynamics software. To replicate a typical bat-ball impact in the field, the model required input of bat linear and angular velocity and orientation in three-dimensional (3-D) space, at the instant prior to impact. This data was obtained from 3-D kinematic analysis using two high-speed video cameras operating at 200 Hz. Seventeen high-performance batters used a wood bat and a metal bat of equal length and mass to hit baseballs thrown by a pitcher. Hitters developed significantly higher resultant linear velocity for both the proximal (38.3 ± 1.8 ms-1;) and distal (8.1 ± 1.8 ms-1) ends of the metal bat (compared with 36.4 ± 1.7 ms-1 and 6.9 ± 2.1 ms-1 respectively for the wood bat). They also achieved a significantly more “square” bat position just prior to impact with the ball (264.3 ± 9.1 deg compared with 251.5 ± 10.4 deg). These factors are important in transferring momentum to the batted ball. Mathematical description of the large-deformation material behaviour of the baseball was also required for this analysis. Previous research is limited to compression tests to 10 % of ball diameter, despite conjecture that during impact with the bat, the ball might deform to 50 % of its original diameter. Uniaxial quasi-static compression tests on seven models of baseballs investigated baseball behaviour during deformation to 50 % of ball diameter. The resulting force-displacement relationship was highly non-linear. Hence FEA was used to derive and verify a relationship to describe the time-dependent and elastic behaviour of the ball during the 1 ms period typical of bat-ball impact. The results of the bat-ball impact analysis indicated that for hits made at the point of maximum momentum transfer on the bat, the metal bat produced greater BEV than the wood bat (61.5 ms-1 and 50.9 ms-1 respectively). The higher BEV from the metal bat was attributed to greater pre-impact bat linear velocity, and bat orientation during impact. The more perpendicular horizontal orientation of the metal bat at the instant of impact resulted in a greater proportion of resultant BEV being directed in the global x-direction (toward the pitcher), compared with the wood bat. This indicates increasing bat moment of inertia (the relative mass of the bat barrel) may be a potential control strategy for BEV. BEV was also reduced for impacts using a baseball with values for instantaneous shear and relaxed modulii approximately 33 % less (9.9 % reduction in BEV for metal bat, 9.7 % for the wood bat).
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Wilson, Stephen K. "The mathematics of ship slamming." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:7bc325cf-e6a1-45d2-add2-100d9968354c.

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Motivated by the motion of a ship in a heavy sea, a mathematical model for the vertical impact of a two-dimensional solid body onto a half-space of quiescent, inviscid, incompressible fluid is formulated. No solutions to the full problem are known, but in the case when the impacting body has small deadrise angle (meaning that the angle between the tangent to the profile and the horizontal is everywhere small) a uniformly valid solution is obtained by using the method of matched asymptotic expansions. The pressure on the body is calculated and is in fair agreement with experimental results. The model is generalised for more complicated impacts and the justifications for the model are discussed. The method is extended to three-dimensional bodies with small deadrise angle and solutions are obtained in some special cases. A variations! formulation of the leading order outer problem is derived, which gives information about the solution and leads to an fixed domain scheme for calculating solutions numerically. A partial linear stability analysis of the outer problem is given which indicates that entry problems are stable but exit problems are unstable to small perturbations. A mathematical model for the effect of a cushioning air layer between the body and the fluid is presented and analysed both numerically and in appropriate asymptotic limits. Finally, the limitations of the models are discussed and directions for future work indicated.
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Modarres, Najafabadi Seyed Ali. "Dynamics modelling and analysis of impact in multibody systems." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115886.

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In this thesis, we discuss a novel approach to the dynamics modelling and analysis of impact in unilaterally constrained multibody systems. This approach is based on an analysis of energy absorption and restitution during impact, using a decomposition technique, which decouples the kinetic energy associated with the spaces of admissible and constrained motions of unilateral contacts. This is done based on the decomposition of the tangent space of the configuration manifold at the pre-impact instant. The decomposition of the kinetic energy can provide a picture of how the energy absorption and dissipation during impact is related to the variation of the generalized velocities and the configuration of multibody systems.
Further, based on the above analysis approach, we introduce a new interpretation of the energetic coefficient of restitution, specially applicable to contact involving multibody systems. This interpretation generalizes the concept of the energetic coefficient of restitution and allows for consideration of simultaneous multiple-point contact scenarios. Moreover, based on the concept of the generalized energetic coefficient of restitution, the contact modes and the post-impact state of planar single-point impact are determined. Further, the problem of simultaneous multiple-point impact is considered, where it is shown that our approach can also be advantageous to characterize the dynamics of interaction in such systems.
The use and applicability of the approach reported are further investigated by conducting an experimental study on a robotic testbed. The open architecture of the testbed allows us to perform various contact experiments, such as single- and multiple-point impact scenarios, with different pre-impact configurations and velocities. The kinematic and dynamic models of the system have been developed and implemented for real-time analysis. It is shown that impact between multibody systems is considerably affected by not only the local dynamics characteristics of the interacting bodies, but also the (global) configuration of the interacting multibody systems. The reported results suggest that the material presented herein offers a useful means to characterize impact in complex systems.
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Lepage, Thomas. "The impact of variable evolutionary rates on phylogenetic inference : a Bayesian approach." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103264.

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In this dissertation, we explore the effect of variable evolutionary rates on phylogenetic inference. In the first half of the thesis are introduced the biological fundamentals and the statistical framework that will be used throughout the thesis. The basic concepts in phylogenetics and an overview of Bayesian inference are presented in Chapter 1. In Chapter 2, we survey the models that are already used for rate variation. We argue that the CIR process---a diffusion process widely used in finance---is the best suited for applications in phylogenetics, for both mathematical and computational reasons. Chapter 3 shows how evolutionary rate models are incorporated to DNA substitution models. We derive the general formulae for transition probabilities of substitutions when the rate is a continuous-time Markov chain, a diffusion process or a jump process (a diffusion process with discrete jumps).
The second half of the thesis is dedicated to applications of variable evolutionary rate models in two different contexts. In Chapter 4, we use the CIR process to model heterotachy, an evolutionary hypothesis according to which positions of an alignment may evolve at rates that vary with time differently from site to site. A comparison the CIR process with the covarion---a widely-used heterotachous model---on two different data sets allows us to conclude that the CIR provides a significantly better fit. Our approach, based on a Bayesian mixture model, enables us to determine the level of heterotachy at each site. Finally, the impact of variable evolutionary rates on divergence time estimation is explored in Chapter 5.
Several models, including the CIR process are compared on three data sets. We find that autocorrelated models (including the CIR) provide the best fits.
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Baggaley, Rebecca Frances. "The impact of antiretroviral use in resource-poor settings : insights from mathematical models." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11778.

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Movahedi-Lankarani, Hamid. "Canonical equations of motion and estimation of parameters in the analysis of impact problems." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184490.

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The transient dynamic analysis of constrained mechanical systems may require the solution of a mixed set of algebraic and differential equations of motion. The usual formulation of these equations is expressed in terms of the accelerations of the system components. A canonical form of the equations of motion in terms of the system velocities and the time derivative of the system momenta may be used instead. This is a natural form of the equations in which all the state variables are explicitly expressed, and have the same physical importance. The numerical solution obtained from the canonical equations shows more accuracy and stability, specifically for systems with large and fluctuating forces. For the mechanical systems that undergo an impact, the usual numerical solution of the equations of motion is not valid. Two different methods of analysis of impact problems are presented. In one method, the variations of the impulsive force during the contact period are directly added to the vector of forces in the canonical equations of motion. In the second method, based on the assumption of instantaneous nature of impact, a set of momentum balance-impulse equations is derived by explicitly integrating the canonical equations. These equations are solved at the time of impact for the jump in the system momenta right after impact. Necessary parameters are evaluated for the performance of the two methods of analysis. These parameters include the maximum relative indentation, the maximum contact force, and the coefficient of restitution. The parameters are determined for the collision between two bodies in a system with any general geometric or material properties. The influence of friction modeling in the magnitude and the direction of the total force at the contact surfaces is discussed. The dynamics of a vehicle collision is studied in order to illustrate the efficiency of obtaining a solution to the canonical equations, the simplicity of solving the momentum balance-impulse equations.
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Njagarah, Hatson John Boscoh. "Modelling water-borne infections : the impact of hygiene, metapopulation movements and the biological control of cholera." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95972.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Water-borne infections have been a menace in many countries around the globe, claiming millions of lives. Cholera in particular has spread to all continents and now on its seventh epidemic. Although control measures have been continually developed through sanitation, vaccination and rehydration, the infection still devastates populations whenever there is an outbreak. In this research work, mathematical models for cholera transmission dynamics with focus on the impact of sanitation and hygiene, metapopulation spread, optimal control and biological control using a bacteriophage specific for pathogenic Vibrio cholerae are constructed and analysed. Vital analyses for the models are precisely given as well as numerical results depicting long term behaviour and the evolution of populations over time. The results of our analysis indicate that; improved sanitation and hand-hygiene are vital in reducing cholera infections; the spread of disease across metapopulations characterised by exchange of individuals and no cross community infection is associated with synchronous fluctuation of populations in both adjacent communities; during control of cholera, the control measures/efforts ought to be optimal especially at the beginning of the epidemic where the outbreak is often explosive in nature; and biological control if well implemented would avert many potential infections by lowering the concentration of pathogenic vibrios in the aquatic environment to values lower than the infectious dose.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Water-infeksies is ’n bedreiging in baie lande regoor die wêreld en eis miljoene lewens. Cholera in die besonder, het op sy sewende epidemie na alle kontinente versprei. Hoewel beheermaatreëls voortdurend ontwikkel word deur middel van higiëne, inentings en rehidrasie, vernietig die infeksie steeds bevolkings wanneer daar ’n uitbraak voorkom. In hierdie navorsingswerk, word wiskundige modelle vir cholera-oordrag dinamika met die fokus op die impak van higiëne, metabevolking verspreiding, optimale beheer en biologiese beheer met behulp van ’n bakteriofaag spesifiek vir patogene Vibrio cholerae gebou en ontleed. Noodsaaklike ontledings vir die modelle is gegee sowel as numeriese resultate wat die langtermyn gedrag uitbeeld en die ontwikkeling van die bevolking oor tyd. Die resultate van ons ontleding dui daarop dat; verbeterde higiëne is noodsaaklik in die vermindering van cholera infeksies; die verspreiding van die siekte oor metapopulaties gekenmerk deur die uitruil van individue en geen kruis gemeenskap infeksie wat verband houmet sinchrone skommeling van bevolkings in beide aangrensende gemeenskappe; tydens die beheer van cholera,behoort die beheermaatreëls/pogings optimaal te wees veral aan die begin van die epidemie waar die uitbreking dikwels plofbaar in die natuur is; en biologiese beheer, indien dit goed geïmplementeer word, kan baie potensiële infeksies voorkom deur ’n vermindering in die konsentrasie van patogene vibrio in die water tot waardes laer as die aansteeklike dosis.
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Shepard, William Steve Jr. "The impact of attached feature scales and spatial distributions on the response of structural-acoustic systems." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/18911.

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Books on the topic "Impact – Mathematical models"

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Canadian Environmental Assessment Research Council., ed. Selected mathematical models in environmental impact assessment in Canada. Hull, Québec: Canadian Environmental Assessment Research Council, 1986.

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1957-, Kämäri J., ed. Impact models to assess regional acidification. Dordrecht [Netherlands]: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1990.

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Bloom, Nick. The impact of uncertainty shocks. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2007.

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Eindhoven, Technische Universiteit, ed. Mathematical head-neck models for acceleration impacts: Proefschrift. [Eindhoven: Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, 1996.

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Squire, Lyn. The impact of labor market regulations. Washington, DC: World Bank, 1995.

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Nolan, Michael A. Absence durations: The impact of censoringby weekends. (Hull): Department of Economics, University of Hull, 1995.

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Nolan, Michael A. Spell durations: The impact of independent censoring. St. Andrews: St. Salvator's College, 1996.

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Kubursi, A. A. Community development impact model: An overview. Sault Ste. Marie, Ont: Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service-Sault Ste. Marie, Great Lake Forestry Centre, 1995.

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1937-, Shen Jinwei, and Song Jingzheng 1945-, eds. Chuan bo bo lang zai he: Ship wave loads. Beijing: Guo fang gong ye chu ban she, 2007.

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Bovenberg, Ary Lans. Optimal environmental taxation in the presence of other taxes: General equilibrium analyses. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Impact – Mathematical models"

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Åkerstedt, Torbjörn. "Using Mathematical Models to Predict Sleepiness." In Sleepiness and Human Impact Assessment, 63–69. Milano: Springer Milan, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-5388-5_5.

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Idà, Monica, and Cécile Ellia. "Visual Impact and Mathematical Learning." In Applications of Mathematics in Models, Artificial Neural Networks and Arts, 537–45. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8581-8_23.

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de Hoog, Frank R., and Robert S. Anderssen. "Simple Mathematical Models for Complex Industrial Processes." In The Impact of Applications on Mathematics, 289–99. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54907-9_23.

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Martins, J. A. C., and L. Trabucho. "A Mathematical Formulation for as Generalized Hertz Impact Problem." In Mathematical Models for Phase Change Problems, 337–56. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-9148-6_17.

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Griebel, Michael, and Margrit Klitz. "Simulation of Droplet Impact with Dynamic Contact Angle Boundary Conditions." In Singular Phenomena and Scaling in Mathematical Models, 297–325. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00786-1_13.

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Sand, Paal. "The Use of Impact Tables in Policy Applications of Input-Output Models." In Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, 27–44. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-22033-7_3.

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Andreev, Nikolay. "Mathematical Models of Price Impact and Optimal Portfolio Management in Illiquid Markets." In Financial Econometrics and Empirical Market Microstructure, 1–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09946-0_1.

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Takato, Setsuo, Naoki Hamaguchi, and Haiduke Sarafian. "Generating Data of Mathematical Figures for 3D Printers with KETpic and Educational Impact of the Printed Models." In Mathematical Software – ICMS 2014, 629–34. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44199-2_94.

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Castillo-Chavez, Carlos, and Wenzhang Huang. "Age-Structured Core Group Model and its Impact on STD Dynamics." In Mathematical Approaches for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases: Models, Methods, and Theory, 261–73. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0065-6_15.

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Caminade, Cyril. "How to model the impact of climate change on vector-borne diseases?" In Climate, ticks and disease, 26–31. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249637.0004.

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Abstract This expert opinion provides an overview of mathematical models that have been used to assess the impact of climate change on ticks and tick-borne diseases, ways forward in terms of improving models for the recent context and broad guidelines for conducting future climate change risk assessment.
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Conference papers on the topic "Impact – Mathematical models"

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Marshall, Rob, and Paul F. Altamore. "Mathematical Model Methodology to Compare Different Occupant Models in Frontal Impact." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/amd-25443.

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Abstract Restraint system and vehicle design rely heavily on the use of Anthropomorphic Test Devices and mathematical models of ATD’s to provide information about human occupant response in impact conditions. Recent advances in ATD’s take years to get through the prototyping and evaluation stages before they can be widely used. The recent advances in ATD development will not benefit the testing of many vehicles for quite some time. The development of mathematical models of new ATD’s that are not yet available for widespread use, as well as mathematical models of humans can provide more information about human occupant responses to engineers. This study develops a method to utilize these mathematical models in combination with a highly detailed vehicle model to gain more understanding of how human occupants will behave in a frontal impact.
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Pawlus, W., J. E. Nielsen, H. R. Karimi, and K. G. Robbersmyr. "Further results on mathematical models of vehicle localized impact." In 2010 3rd International Symposium on Systems and Control in Aeronautics and Astronautics (ISSCAA 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isscaa.2010.5634041.

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Hopkins, Roisin, and Tim Gordon. "Occupant Kinematics in Impact Tests Using Retro-Fitted Mathematical Models." In International Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/930890.

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Marshall, Rob, Paul Altamore, Wei-Pin Wu, and Jan A. Griffioen. "A Comparison of Mathematical Neck Models for Rear Impact Occupant Simulation." In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-0957.

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Abstract Occupant injury in automobile rear-end collisions is becoming one of the most costly and aggravating traffic safety problems. Designing seat and head restraints to help limit injury associated with rear-end impact can become more efficient by using new mathematical modeling techniques. Using the facet surface modeling technique in MADYMO a model is developed that captures the interaction between occupants and seat/head restraints with a high degree of geometric accuracy while maintaining efficient computer run times. One such model is validated using a prototype seat/head restraint and the TRID (TNO Rear Impact Dummy), both using facet surface techniques. From this model a study is done to compare the results of the TRID model and the results from a Hybrid III model with the results from a Human neck model. This study is performed in several different head restraint positions.
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Ahmad, Nurhafizah, Ahmad Zia Ul-Saufie, Siti Asmah Mohamed, Hasfazilah Ahmat, and Mohd Fahmi Zahari. "The impact of class absenteeism on student’s academic performance using regression models." In PROCEEDING OF THE 25TH NATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES (SKSM25): Mathematical Sciences as the Core of Intellectual Excellence. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5041712.

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Careme, L. M. M. "Thoraco-Abdominal Impact Tolerance Levels in Side Impact Accidents - Collection of Field Data and Mathematical Models." In SAE International Congress and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/890385.

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Hu, Wenping, Shengyao Jiang, and Xingtuan Yang. "Review of Mathematical Models for Pebble Dynamics." In 16th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone16-48278.

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Pebble-bed nuclear reactor technology, with a reactor core typically composed of spherical pebbles draining very slowly in a continuous refueling process, is currently being revived around the world. But the dense slow pebble flow in the reactor, which has an important impact on reactor physics, is still poorly understood. Under such circumstance, this article studies mathematical models which are potential to research the pebbles motion in the pebble-bed reactor, including void model, spot model and DEM model. The fundamental principles of these models are introduced, the success and deficiency of each model is briefly analyzed. Theoretically, it’s expected that spot model and DEM model may be more practical to apply on studying the pebble dynamics. Though, spot model still needs to be refined based on further experimentation, and more research is necessary to solve the problem of huge computational time in order to make the DEM model simulation technique a really practical notion.
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Khachay, Andrey. "Mathematical models of active acoustic impact on diffusion in reservoirs with oil hierarchic inclusions." In 29TH RUSSIAN CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICAL MODELLING IN NATURAL SCIENCES. AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0060442.

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Afrizal, Irfan Mufti, and Jarnawi Afghani Dachlan. "The impact of mathematical models of teaching materials on square and rectangle concepts to improve students’ mathematical connection ability and mathematical disposition in middle school." In MATHEMATICS, SCIENCE, AND COMPUTER SCIENCE EDUCATION (MSCEIS 2016): Proceedings of the 3rd International Seminar on Mathematics, Science, and Computer Science Education. Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4983948.

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Elmarakbi, Ahmed M. "Development of Mathematical Models for Evaluating Child Occupant Impact Dynamics and Intrusions of the Vehicle Structure." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-67169.

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Two mathematical models are developed and analyzed in this paper to predict the dynamic response in vehicle crashes. The first model is developed to capture the front-end intrusion of the vehicle structure in frontal collision. The second model is proposed to define the interaction between the child occupant and vehicle passenger compartment and to predict the acceleration injuries during a sudden impulse load. In these mathematical models, the bumper and vehicle body are defined by lumped masses and longitudinal rails of the front-end structure are defined by plastic springs. Moreover, the child occupants are considered as lumped masses, connected to the child seat and vehicle body masses by means of restraint systems. The occupant restraint characteristics of seat belt are represented by stiffness and damping elements. To obtain the dynamic response of the occupant, the equations of motion of the vehicle impact system in both full and offset scenarios are developed and analytically solved using Incremental Harmonic Balance Method (IHBM). The injury criteria, child’s acceleration and vehicle’s font-end deformation, are used to interpret the results. It is demonstrated from the simulations that the dynamic response and injury criteria are easily captured and analyzed. It is also shown that the mathematical models are flexible, useful in optimization studies and it can be used at initial design stage.
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Reports on the topic "Impact – Mathematical models"

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Tucker-Blackmon, Angelicque. Engagement in Engineering Pathways “E-PATH” An Initiative to Retain Non-Traditional Students in Engineering Year Three Summative External Evaluation Report. Innovative Learning Center, LLC, July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.52012/tyob9090.

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The summative external evaluation report described the program's impact on faculty and students participating in recitation sessions and active teaching professional development sessions over two years. Student persistence and retention in engineering courses continue to be a challenge in undergraduate education, especially for students underrepresented in engineering disciplines. The program's goal was to use peer-facilitated instruction in core engineering courses known to have high attrition rates to retain underrepresented students, especially women, in engineering to diversify and broaden engineering participation. Knowledge generated around using peer-facilitated instruction at two-year colleges can improve underrepresented students' success and participation in engineering across a broad range of institutions. Students in the program participated in peer-facilitated recitation sessions linked to fundamental engineering courses, such as engineering analysis, statics, and dynamics. These courses have the highest failure rate among women and underrepresented minority students. As a mixed-methods evaluation study, student engagement was measured as students' comfort with asking questions, collaboration with peers, and applying mathematics concepts. SPSS was used to analyze pre-and post-surveys for statistical significance. Qualitative data were collected through classroom observations and focus group sessions with recitation leaders. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with faculty members and students to understand their experiences in the program. Findings revealed that women students had marginalization and intimidation perceptions primarily from courses with significantly more men than women. However, they shared numerous strategies that could support them towards success through the engineering pathway. Women and underrepresented students perceived that they did not have a network of peers and faculty as role models to identify within engineering disciplines. The recitation sessions had a positive social impact on Hispanic women. As opportunities to collaborate increased, Hispanic womens' social engagement was expected to increase. This social engagement level has already been predicted to increase women students' persistence and retention in engineering and result in them not leaving the engineering pathway. An analysis of quantitative survey data from students in the three engineering courses revealed a significant effect of race and ethnicity for comfort in asking questions in class, collaborating with peers outside the classroom, and applying mathematical concepts. Further examination of this effect for comfort with asking questions in class revealed that comfort asking questions was driven by one or two extreme post-test scores of Asian students. A follow-up ANOVA for this item revealed that Asian women reported feeling excluded in the classroom. However, it was difficult to determine whether these differences are stable given the small sample size for students identifying as Asian. Furthermore, gender differences were significant for comfort in communicating with professors and peers. Overall, women reported less comfort communicating with their professors than men. Results from student metrics will inform faculty professional development efforts to increase faculty support and maximize student engagement, persistence, and retention in engineering courses at community colleges. Summative results from this project could inform the national STEM community about recitation support to further improve undergraduate engineering learning and educational research.
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Shabelnyk, Tetiana V., Serhii V. Krivenko, Nataliia Yu Rotanova, Oksana F. Diachenko, Iryna B. Tymofieieva, and Arnold E. Kiv. Integration of chatbots into the system of professional training of Masters. [б. в.], June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4439.

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The article presents and describes innovative technologies of training in the professional training of Masters. For high-quality training of students of technical specialties, it becomes necessary to rethink the purpose, results of studying and means of teaching professional disciplines in modern educational conditions. The experience of implementing the chatbot tool in teaching the discipline “Mathematical modeling of socio-economic systems” in the educational and professional program 124 System Analysis is described. The characteristics of the generalized structure of the chatbot information system for investment analysis are presented and given: input information, information processing system, output information, which creates a closed cycle (system) of direct and feedback interaction. The information processing system is represented by accounting and analytical data management blocks. The investment analysis chatbot will help masters of the specialty system analysis to manage the investment process efficiently based on making the right decisions, understanding investment analysis in the extensive structure of financial management and optimizing risks in these systems using a working mobile application. Also, the chatbot will allow you to systematically assess the disadvantages and advantages of investment projects or the direction of activity of a system analyst, while increasing interest in performing practical tasks. A set of software for developing a chatbot integrated into training is installed: Kotlin programming, a library for network interaction Retrofit, receiving and transmitting data, linking processes using the HTTP API. Based on the results of the study, it is noted that the impact of integrating a chatbot into the training of Masters ensures the development of their professional activities, which gives them the opportunity to be competent specialists and contributes to the organization of high-quality training.
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Perdigão, Rui A. P. Beyond Quantum Security with Emerging Pathways in Information Physics and Complexity. Synergistic Manifolds, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46337/220602.

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Information security and associated vulnerabilities have long been a pressing challenge, from the fundamental scientific backstage to the frontline across the most diverse sectors of society. At the tip of the iceberg of this problem, the citizens immediately feel that the reservation of privacy and the degradation of the quality and security of the information and communication on which they depend for the day-to-day activities, already of crucial relevance, are at stake. Naturally though, the challenges do not end there. There is a whole infrastructure for storing information, processing and communication, whose security and reliability depend on key sectors gearing modern society – such as emergency communication systems (medical, civil and environmental protection, among others), transportation and geographic information, the financial communications systems at the backbone of day-to-day transactions, the information and telecommunications systems in general. And crucially the entire defence ecosystem that in essence is a stalwart in preventing our civilisation to self-annihilate in full fulfilment of the second principle of thermodynamics. The relevance of the problem further encompasses the preservation of crucial values such as the right to information, security and integrity of democratic processes, internal administration, justice, defence and sovereignty, ranging from the well-being of the citizen to the security of the nation and beyond. In the present communication, we take a look at how to scientifically and technically empower society to address these challenges, with the hope and pragmatism enabled by our emerging pathways in information physics and complexity. Edging beyond classical and quantum frontiers and their vulnerabilities to unveil new principles, methodologies and technologies at the core of the next generation system dynamic intelligence and security. To illustrate the concepts and tools, rather than going down the road of engineered systems that we can ultimately control, we take aim at the bewildering complexity of nature, deciphering new secrets in the mathematical codex underlying its complex coevolutionary phenomena that so heavily impact our lives, and ultimately bringing out novel insights, methods and technologies that propel information physics and security beyond quantum frontiers.
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