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Haas, Trevor Neville. "Numerical (FEA) evaluation of crane end buffer impact forces." Thesis, Lilnk to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/633.
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Robertson, Erin Mhray. "Impact forces in female recreational runners track versus treadmill running /." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.
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Attumaly, Ashok Benjamin Basil. "A Wedge Impact Theory Used to Predict Bow Slamming Forces." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2013. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1721.
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The pressures and impact forces acting on a hull while experiencing bow wave slamming is analyzed using Vorus' Impact Theory. The theory extends the hydrodynamic analysis of planing hulls from simple wedges to irregular shapes using a Boundary Element Method. A Fortran-based code developed by the Author is used to analyze hullforms. Linear strip theory is used to extend the analysis over a three dimensional hull. Post-processing of output data gives hull pressure distributions at different time steps and is visually presentable.
Impact pressure, Impact force, Planing, Wave slamming, Bow impact, Vorus' theory, Boundary Element Method, Linear strip theory
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Arrhenius, Niklas B. "Ground Forces Impact on Release of Rotational Shot Put Technique." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4295.
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In the shot put throw, the primary power is generated in the form of ground reaction forces as a result of action of the lower extremities (Coh, Stuhec, & Supej, 2008). The purpose of this study was to determine how the ground reaction force and ground contact time during the delivery phase of rotational shot put relates to the predicted distance of the throw. This will allow us to determine the optimal approach of force application for maximum throwing distance (Linthorne, 2001). Eight male subjects were used in this study (age 23 ± 4 y; body mass 123 ± 14 kg; height 190 ± 4 cm; all right handed). Subjects threw three attempts in a custom-built shot put ring where two force plates were located where both feet were expected to land in the delivery. The throws were also filmed using two high-speed cameras at 120 frames/s. These videos gave us the speed, angle and height of release for predicting distance thrown. Results: Peak right leg force during delivery was correlated with throwing distance (R2 = 0.450, p = 0.001). Also, left leg ground time was significant with predicted throwing distance (R² = 0.516, p < 0.001). Because increased strength leads to greater throwing distances (Zaras et al., 2013) and peak right leg force was significant, it would be useful to perform proper strength training exercises that can increase a thrower's ability to increase the peak ground forces during a throw. If the thrower can produce greater peak force into the ground with the right leg during the delivery phase, this should cause the thrower to come off their left leg sooner, resulting in greater speed of release and thus distance thrown.
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MANGIATERRA, Marco. "Lubricants impact on cutting forces - Torque reduction in tapping process." Thesis, KTH, Industriell produktion, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-245178.
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Bearbetningsprocesser är en viktig del av tillverkningsindustrin. Dessa företag måste kontinuerligt förbättra sina processer och göra dem mer effektiva, minska de ekologiska fotavtrycken och driftskostnaderna. Syftet med denna rapport är att förbättra en rund brotschningsprocess för ett bilföretag. Brotschverktyget är tillverkat av solid HSS och belagt med TiN, som dras genom ett hål i arbetsstycket. På grund av att flera skärkanter fungerar samtidigt är skärkraften hög. Med skärverktygets lågavlastningsvinkel spelar smörjmedlet en kritisk roll i brotschningsprocessen. Arbetet studerar olika skärvätskor i ett laboratorium, genom att simulera påverkan av skärvätskor i en brotschningsprocess med tappningsoperationer under liknande förhållanden. Momentvärdena och beteendet av processen har studerats för de olika smörjmedlen. Studien visade att smörjmedlet har en stor påverkan på vridmoment och spånbildningen. Relationen mellan smörjviskositet och smörjningsförmåga studerades. Dessutom undersöktes sambandet mellan spånbildning och vridmomentbeteende, vilket visar vikten av spånens utrymningskapacitet. Processen har utförts genom att använda olika typer smörjmedel för att undersöka deras påverkan på skärkrafterna och hur de utvecklades under hela processen. Resultaten och den efterföljande analysen har visat att viskositeten har stort inflytande i processen. Viskositeten är omvänt proportionell mot vätskans kapacitet för att komma åt vissa kritiska områden, vilket ökar friktionskrafterna och genereringen av långa spån. Både spånstorleken och smörjmedlets förmåga att utrymma har starka influenser på processen.Machining processes are an important part of the manufacturing industry. Companies within the manufacturing industry are required to continuously improve their processes and make them more efficient, to reduce the ecological impact and operational costs. The aim of this thesis is to be able to improve a circular broaching process for an automotive company. The broaching tool is made from solid High-Speed Steel and TiN coated, which is pulled through a hole in the workpiece. Due to multiple cutting edges acting simultaneously, the cutting force is high. With a low relief angle of the cutting tool and low cutting speed, the lubricant plays a critical role in the broaching process. The thesis studies different cutting fluids in a laboratory, by simulating the impact of cutting fluids in a broaching process with tapping operations under similar conditions. The torques values and the behaviour of it during the process have been recorded for different lubricants. The lubricants were found to have a strong influence in the torque required and the chip formation. The relation between lubricant viscosity and lubrication performance was studied. In addition, the relation between chip formation and torque behaviour was explored, showing the importance of chip evacuation capacity. The process has been carried out by using different lubricants to examine the required cutting forces and how they evolved throughout the process. The results and the consecutive analysis have shown an influence of the viscosity in the process. The viscosity is inversely proportional to the capacity of the fluid to access certain critical areas, increasing the friction forces and the generation of long chips. Both the chip size and the ability of the lubricant to evacuate have strong influences on the process.
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Lee, Youngjae. "Effects of Fall Technique Training on Impact Forces when Falling from Standing." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/89931.
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As falls and fall-related injuries are a major cause of injuries, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether, and to what extent, the stage combat fall technique training could reduce the impact forces of falls from standing.
Twenty-six healthy young adults (14 males and 12 females) participated in our study, and were randomly assigned to either a training group or non-training (control) group. Both groups completed a pre-intervention and a post-intervention fall testing session, separated by two weeks, in which they performed naturalistic falls. The training group performed identical pre-intervention fall testing as the control group, and was then required to receive four 1-hour training sessions in the course of two weeks, led by a certified stage combat fall technique training instructor. The training group then completed a post-intervention fall testing session where they performed naturalistic falls and also falls using the fall technique they learned. Falls were induced in both forward and backward directions using a tether-release protocol. Differences between control and training groups at pre-training, and group differences in the change in dependent measures with training, were examined using Mann-Whitney U tests.
The results showed that, following stage-combat fall training, the training group exhibited 32% and 35% reduction in median impact forces for forward and backward falls respectively, while the control group exhibited 5% and 2% reductions (p = 0.002 and <0.001). In addition, the training group showed shorter backward fall duration as well as longer impact time, larger impulse, and longer or larger center-of-pressure based measures for both directions of falling than the control group. However, training was not associated with reduced impact force during the naturalistic falls of the training group.
To our knowledge, this was the first study to investigate the stage combat fall technique training and demonstrate its effectiveness as an intervention to reduce impact forces of falls, thereby exploring the potential to reduce the number of fall-related injuries. While these falls were induced from standing, whether these results would transfer to an unanticipated fall while walking due to a slip/trip remain to be explored.Master of Science
As falls and fall-related injuries are a major cause of injuries, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether, and to what extent, the stage combat fall technique training could reduce the impact forces of falls from standing. Twenty-six healthy young adults (14 males and 12 females) participated in our study, and were randomly assigned to either a training group or non-training (control) group. Both groups completed a pre-intervention and a post-intervention fall testing session, separated by two weeks, in which they performed naturalistic falls. The training group was required to receive four 1-hour training sessions in the two-week intervention period, led by a certified stage combat fall technique training instructor. The training group then completed a post-intervention fall testing session where they performed naturalistic falls and also falls using the fall technique they learned. The results showed that, following stage-combat fall training, the training group exhibited nearly a 1/3rd reduction in impact forces for both forward and backward falls, while the control group only exhibited 5% and 2% reductions respectively. Our analysis also showed that the training group achieved this reduction in impact force by increasing the impact time and spreading out their bodies more, to distribute the impact over a larger area. To our knowledge, this was the first study to investigate the stage combat fall technique training and demonstrate its effectiveness as an intervention to reduce impact forces of falls, thereby exploring the potential to reduce the number of fall-related injuries.
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Pang, Tao, and tony_pang@hotmail com. "Studies on Wheel/Rail Contact Impact Forces at Insulated Rail Joints." Central Queensland University. Centre for Railway Engineering, 2008. http://library-resources.cqu.edu.au./thesis/adt-QCQU/public/adt-QCQU20080410.154708.
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To investigate the wheel/rail contact impact forces at insulated rail joints (IRJs), a three-dimensional finite element model and strain gauged experiments are employed and reported in this thesis. The 3D wheel/rail contact-impact FE model adopts a two-stage analysis strategy in which the wheel-IRJ railhead contact is first established in the static analysis and the results transferred to dynamic analysis for impact simulations. The explicit FE method was employed in the dynamic analysis. The Lagrange Multiplier method and the Penalty method for contact constraint enforcement were adopted for the static and dynamic analyses respectively.
The wheel/rail contact-impact in the vicinity of the end post is exhibited via numerical examples from the FE modelling. The wheel/rail contact impact mechanism is investigated. The strain gauged experiments which consist of a lab test and a field test are reported. The signature of the strain time series from the field test demonstrates a plausible record of the dynamic responses due to the wheel/rail contact impact. By using the experimental data, both the static and the dynamic FE models are validated.
It is found that the stiffness discontinuity of the IRJ structure causes a running surface geometry discontinuity during the wheel passages which then causes the impact in the vicinity of the end post. Through a series of sensitivity studies of several IRJ design parameters, it is shown that the IRJ performance can be effectively improved with optimised design parameters.
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Preston, James Franklin. "Technology's impact on student understanding and retention of motion and forces." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Michigan State University. Interdepartmental Physical Science, 2008.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on July 28, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-89). Also issued in print.
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Dohy, Jennifer Marie. "The Impact of School Policing Practices on Student Behaviors in Ohio Public Schools." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1463267974.
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Wilcox, Sylvia Joan. "Ground Reaction Forces Generated by Twenty-eight Common Hatha Yoga Postures." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2306.
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Yoga adherents claim many benefits of the practice, including promotion of bone health and prevention of osteoporosis. However, few, if any, studies have investigated whether yoga enhances bone mineral density. Furthermore, none have identified force generation in yoga. The purpose of this study is to collect ground reaction force (GRF) data on a variety of common hatha yoga postures that would be practiced in fitness centers or private studios. Twelve female and eight male volunteers performed a sequence of 28 common hatha yoga postures while ground reaction force data were collected with an AMTI strain-gauge force plate. The sequence was repeated six times. Four variables were studied: the maximum vertical GRF, the mean vertical GRF, the maximum resultant GRF, and the mean resultant GRF. Univariate analysis was used to identify mean values and standard deviations for each of the four variables. Multivariate analysis revealed some variation due to gender but none due to age or weight. Means were similar across all poses and subjects, and standard deviations were small. This unique yoga sequence produced low impact forces in both upper and lower extremities. Further research is warranted to determine whether these forces are sufficient to promote osteogenesis or maintain current bone health in yoga practitioners.
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Piché, Steffanie. "Numerical Modeling of Tsunami Bore Attenuation and Extreme Hydrodynamic Impact Forces Using the SPH Method." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30456.
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Understanding the impact of coastal forests on the propagation of rapidly advancing onshore tsunami bores is difficult due to complexity of this phenomenon and the large amount of parameters which must be considered. The research presented in the thesis focuses on understanding the protective effect of the coastal forest on the forces generated by the tsunami and its ability to reduce the propagation and velocity of the incoming tsunami bore. Concern for this method of protecting the coast from tsunamis is based on the effectiveness of the forest and its ability to withstand the impact forces caused by both the bore and the debris carried along by it. The devastation caused by the tsunami has been investigated in recent examples such as the 2011 Tohoku Tsunami in Japan and the Indian Ocean Tsunami which occurred in 2004.
This research examines the reduction of the spatial extent of the tsunami bore inundation and runup due to the presence of the coastal forest, and attempts to quantify the impact forces induced by the tsunami bores and debris impact on the structures. This research work was performed using a numerical model based on the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method which is a single-phase three-dimensional model. The simulations performed in this study were separated into three sections. The first section focused on the reduction of the extent of the tsunami inundation and the magnitude of the bore velocity by the coastal forest. This section included the analysis of the hydrodynamic forces acting on the individual trees. The second section involved the numerical modeling of some of the physical laboratory experiments performed by researchers at the University of Ottawa, in cooperation with colleagues from the Ocean, Coastal and River Engineering Lab at the National Research Council, Ottawa, in an attempt to validate the movement and impact forces of floating driftwood on a column. The final section modeled the movement and impact of floating debris traveling through a large-scale model of a coastal forest.
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Olofson, Helena. "Rolling resistance during cornering - Impact of lateral forces for heavy-duty vehicles." Thesis, KTH, Optimeringslära och systemteori, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-177113.
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We consider first the single-track bicycle model and state relations between the tires’ lateral forces and the turning radius. From the tire model, a relation between the lateral forces and slip angles is obtained. The extra rolling resistance forces from cornering are by linear approximation obtained as a function of the slip angles. The bicycle model is validated against the Magic-formula tire model from Adams. The bicycle model is then applied on an optimization problem, where the optimal velocity for a track for some given test cases is determined such that the energy loss is as small as possible. Results are presented for how much fuel it is possible to save by driving with optimal velocity compared to fix average velocity. The optimization problem is applied to a specific laden truck.Vi betraktar först den enspåriga cykelmodellen och ställer upp samband mellan däckens sidokrafter och kurvradien. Genom däcksmodellen fås ett samband för hur sidokrafterna beror av slipvinklarna. De extra rullmotståndskrafterna för kurvor fås via linjär approximation som funktion av slipvinklarna. Cykelmodellen valideras mot en däcksmodell från Adams. Cykelmodellen tillämpas sedan på ett optimeringsproblem där den optimala hastigheten längs en bana för några givna testfall bestäms så att energiförlusten blir så liten som möjligt. Resultat presenteras för hur mycket bränsle det är möjligt att spara genom att köra med optimal hastighet jämfört med fix medelhastighet. Optimeringsproblemet tillämpas på en specifik lastad lastbil.
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Gruden, Gabriella. "The impact of haemodynamic forces on glomerular cells : relevance to diabetic nephropathy." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2005. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-impact-of-haemodynamic-forces-on-glomerular-cells--relevance-to-diabetic-nephropathy(ce003660-55d2-4c8a-abb5-c5daeab4dacd).html.
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Altoyan, Abdulaziz S. "Impact of oil and other economic forces on the Saudi stock market." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31113.
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The Saudi Arabian Stock Market went through several changes since the substantial increase of oil prices in 1973. This study firstly analyses the impact of oil revenue in developing the market and shaping its major characteristics. Secondly, it examines the effect of oil prices fluctuation and other macroeconomic variables as a determinant of stock return over the period between 1991 and 2000.;The main empirical findings indicate that the market risk premium is the most important factor in determining stock return. The influence of oil prices fluctuation over and above the market premium was explicit in firms belonging to subsidised sectors such as electricity and agriculture.;The impact of other economic variables varies among different firms listed in the market. Exchange rate has a significant effect on the banking firms while other variables have limited impact over and above the market on various companies, indicating that the effect of these variables are captured by market index. The results of empirical analysis become more explicit when replacing the market premium factor with market timing risk. In general, study suggests that under the current circumstances, the market premium is the most appropriate measure in determining the return in the Saudi Stock Market.
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Moyo, Doice. "Characterisation and optimisation of waterjet impact forces and energy parameters during hydroentanglement." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020134.
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Hydroentanglement is an important technique of bonding fibres to produce nonwovens using high velocity waterjets as the primary bonding tool. The work reported in this thesis addresses the gap in scientific knowledge and understanding, both theoretical and experimental, related to the impact forces and energy of the waterjets used in the hydroentanglement process. The current study focused on the impact forces and energy involved in, and the optimisation of, the hydroentanglement process. The results of the experimentally measured waterjet impact forces have been used to characterise the waterjets as well as to verify empirically the theoretical models currently available for explaining the mechanics of the hydroentanglement process. Since the process of supplying pressurised waterjets consumes a great deal of energy, the study of energy consumption and efficiency of the system has been critical. A method was proposed and used to determine the coefficients of velocity and water discharge of an industrial machine set-up, helping explain the mechanism of energy transfer during hydroentanglement and to concurrently optimise the process. Furthermore, a response surface experimental design was used to optimise the hydroentanglement of viscose and Polylactic acid (PLA) fibres into nonwovens. The selected Box-Behnken design, with four factors, namely the waterjet force, machine processing speed, input weight and fibre type, was employed to investigate the multivariate process factors and their interactive effects on physical and mechanical properties of nonwovens. Two sets of experiments, the later for validation, were performed to study the energy transfer efficiency. The results of the relative energy transfer to bond the fibrous web showed that it was possible to produce nonwovens using lower input energy without compromising the quality of the products. The optimum waterjet pressure and machine speed used to produce the Abstract nonwoven with the highest tensile strength for the least amount of energy supplied were identified.
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Fitzgerald, Meaghan (Meaghan E. ). "Forces and time delay due to impact with gates in ski racing." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/105708.
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Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2016.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 37).
In an effort to better understand impacts with gates during ski racing competition, on-snow measurements and observations were made of both standard gates and inflatable gates. These observations highlighted the importance of impact force and time. Two additional experiments were done to analyze these factors and compare their values for standard gates and inflatable gates. Gates were hit with a controlled weighted pendulum and force sensor to measure the impact force. To measure time, slow motion footage was taken of the gates clamped in a baseball pitching machine. The baseball's velocity was scaled to model the skier using conservation of energy principles. The footage was analyzed with position tracker software. Inflatable gates were found to have a lower mean impact force of 28.55 ± 5.89 N compared to the standard gate impact force of 44.55 ± 7.12 N. Although they exhibited lower impact force, the inflatable gates had a longer time to clear out of the skier travel path due to isolated bending in the small area of impact. The time for the tip of the inflatable gate to clear was 0.63 ± 0.1s compared to the 0.43 ± 0.03s it took for the tip of the standard gate to clear. From these results, it can be concluded that inflatable gates have a softer impact force, but require a modification in racing form in order to increase the impact area and thus decrease momentum and balance losses due to gate bending around extremities.
by Meaghan Fitzgerald.
S.B.
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Dafny, Leemore S. (Leemore Sharon). "The impact of market forces and public health insurance on inpatient care." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8653.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Economics, 2001.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 98-100).
This dissertation considers both private and public-sector influences on inpatient care, focusing first on the impact of strategic hospital behavior on entry into new procedure markets, and second on the effect of changes in Medicaid and Medicare on hospital care. Chapter 1, "Entry Deterrence in Hospital Procedure Markets: A Simple Model of Learning-by-Doing," investigates whether incumbent hospitals threatened by entry in profitable procedure markets take advantage of learning-by-doing in these markets to erect barriers to entry. By focusing on incumbent behavior following a positive shock to the profitability of a procedure, and comparing this behavior across markets with different levels of entry-deterrence incentives, I am able to detect limited evidence consistent with entry deterrence through learning-by-doing in three case studies: electrophysiological studies, liver transplants, and prostatectomy. Chapter 2, "Does Public Insurance Improve the Efficiency of Medical Care? Medicaid Expansions and Child Hospitalizations," addresses the relationship between health insurance availability and the nature and frequency of hospitalization. Together with co-author Jonathan Gruber, I find that the Medicaid expansions from 1983 to 1996 were associated with a 22% decline in "avoidable hospitalizations," hospitalizations that can potentially be averted by timely outpatient care. However, the increased insurance coverage had a larger, offsetting impact on other types of hospitalizations, yielding a 10% overall increase in child hospitalizations.
(cont.) The effects on intensity of care once in the hospital are ambiguous, but the data show that more children were treated in for-profit facilities, and fewer in public institutions as a result of the expansions in Medicaid. Chapter 3, "Hospital Responses to Changes in Average Reimbursement Rates: An Assessment of a Natural Experiment," explores the effect of increased reimbursement to hospitals on billing practices (specifically, "upcoding") and intensity of care. Because the hospital industry is highly-regulated and predominantly not-for-profit, standard theories of firm behavior may not apply to hospitals, yielding ambiguous a priori predictions of hospital responses to reimbursement changes. My empirical analysis suggests that large increases in reimbursement for particular diagnoses were not met with increased spending on care for patients in those diagnoses. If upheld in future research, this finding has important implications for providers of health insurance, both public and private. Accounting for one-third of health expenditures, and over 4 percent of GDP overall, the hospital sector is critical both to healthcare and to the economy at large. Understanding hospital behavior will require additional investigation of competitive practices as well as public interventions.
by Leemore Sharon Dafny.
Ph.D.
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Nolan, Karen J. "The influence of variations in shoe midsole density on the impact force and kinematics of landing in female volleyball players." See Full Text at OhioLINK ETD Center (Requires Adobe Acrobat Reader for viewing), 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=toledo1083796438.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Toledo, 2004.Typescript. "A dissertation [submitted] as partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Doctor of Philosophy degree in Exercise Science." Bibliography: leaves 119-125.
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Miller, David Elston. "The fiscal blank check policy and its impact on Operation Iraqi Freedom." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2006. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion.exe/06Dec%5FMiller%5FDavid.pdf.
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Bodily, Kyle Gordon. "The Water Entry of Slender Axisymmetric Bodies: Forces, Trajectories and Acoustics." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4173.
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Free surface water entry of various objects has been studied using high-speed images and image processing techniques for decades. This thesis studies the forces, velocities, and trajectories of slender axisymmetric projectiles using an embedded inertial measurement unit (IMU). Three nose shapes (cone, ogive, and flat) were used in the study. Additionally, the projectiles were tested at vertical and oblique impact angles with different surface conditions. One-half of each projectile was coated down the centerline with a hydrophobic spray, creating a half hydrophobic, half hydrophilic case. The trajectory of this half-and-half case impacting vertically was compared to the trajectory of symmetrically coated projectiles impacting the free surface at oblique angles. The oblique impact cases showed significantly more final lateral displacement than the half-and-half case over the same depth. The amount of lateral displacement was also affected by the nose shape, with the cone nose shape achieving the largest lateral displacement for the oblique entry case. Instantaneous lift and drag coefficients were calculated using data from the IMU for the vertical, half-and-half, and oblique entry cases. Impact forces were calculated for each nose shape and the flat nose shape experienced impulsive forces between 25 N and 37 N when impacting vertically. The impact force for the flat nose decreased for the oblique entry case. Acoustic spectrograms showed that the sound produced during the water entry event predominately arises from the pinch-off for the cone and ogive nose shapes, with additional sound production from impact for the flat nose shape.
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Hove, Progress. "The impact of technological marketing on Porter's competitive forces model and SMEs' performance." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007120.
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It is commonly understood that the adoption and development of technological marketing capabilities by firms provides them with immense opportunities to transform their business practices and strategies, so as to strategically position themselves in the market and enhance firm performance. Nevertheless, little attention has, thus far, been given to the empirical investigation of the impact of adopting and developing the technological marketing on Porter‟s five competitive forces and firm performance of SMEs. The principal objective of this study was to fill this void by investigating the influence of the technological marketing on Porter‟s five competitive forces model (industry structure) of SMEs in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality. Secondarily, the study sought to determine the influence of technological marketing capability on firm performance of SMEs in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality; in order to ascertain whether or not the competitiveness of SMEs impacts on their firm performance; to determine whether or not SMEs adopt new and advanced technological capabilities when marketing their products/services and to examine whether or not SMEs adopt new and advanced technological capabilities in order to enhance their performance. The study employs a quantitative method in data collection. Sample data from 211 SME owners/managers in the retail and manufacturing sectors of Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality was collected for the final data analysis of this project. The sample data was analysed by performing a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using AMOS 7 Statistical Analysis software. The principal finding of this study reveals that technological marketing has no significant impact on Porter‟s five forces. In addition, the results showed that technological marketing capability has a positive and significant influence on firm performance. The findings also revealed that SMEs adopt new and advanced technologies when marketing their products and services. The conclusions and implications of the research findings are provided and recommendations are suggested. The researcher recommended non technological strategies for improving SMEs‟ competitiveness and the following technological strategies to boost performance: creating a customer-centric e-commerce strategy, embracing outsourcing, joining e-business community and integrating information management into new marketing technologies. Strategies were also recommended to the government as the policy maker. These include introducing e-business finance arrangement, marketing hubs for SMEs and promoting synergies between technology vendor companies and the small enterprises. The study tried to address marketing technologies‟ policy deficiencies on the side of both SMEs and the government.
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Despret, Ghislain Noël Henri. "Impact du vrillage sur les forces électromagnétiques dans l’entrefer : Applications aux machines asynchrones." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ECLI0003/document.
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La machine asynchrone est à ce jour la référence dans les moteurs de traction ferroviaire. De nombreuses contraintes dictées par des normes notamment au niveau du bruit acoustique poussent l’industrie à développer des moteurs plus silencieux. Le vrillage connu pour réduire les ondulations de couple semble apporter également une réelle solution afin de diminuer les vibrations et le bruit émis par la machine. C’est dans ce contexte que ce projet en collaboration avec Alstom-Transport situé à Ornans et le soutien de MEDEE (pôle régional sur la maitrise énergétique) est réalisé. Cette thèse se focalise plus particulièrement sur le calcul des forces électromagnétiques dans l’entrefer à l’origine des vibrations, du bruit et du couple. Des modèles analytiques et à éléments finis estimant les forces électromagnétiques et intégrant le vrillage sont présentés et confrontés à des mesures expérimentales de vibration, de bruit et de couple. Les modèles utilisés sont valables pour les machines asynchrones à cage d’écureuil mais sont facilement adaptables pour les machines synchrones. Ils permettent de comprendre l’origine des forces électromagnétiques responsables du bruit et de trouver des configurations de machines moins bruyantes en jouant sur divers paramètres tels que : le vrillage, mais aussi le nombre de paires de pôles, le nombre d’encoches au stator et au rotor, la forme des encoches, la distribution du bobinage, etcThe induction machine is the reference in railway traction motors. Numerous constraints dictated by standards, particularly regarding acoustic noise, are driving the industry to develop quieter engines. The skewing known to reduce torque ripples seems to also provide a real solution to reduce vibration and noise emitted by the machine. In this context, the project is realized in collaboration with Alstom-Transport located in Ornans with the support of MEDEE (regional pole on energy control). This thesis focuses on the calculation of magnetic forces in the air gap which originate vibration, noise and torque. Analytical and finite element models, which estimate electromagnetic forces and integrate skewing, are presented and compared with experimental measurements of vibration, noise and torque. The models used are valid for the squirrel-cage induction machines but are easily adaptable for synchronous machines. This allows one to understand the origin of the electromagnetic forces responsible for the noise, and to find configurations of less noisy machines. Various parameters such as skewing can be modified to reach this goal, as well as the number of pole pairs, the stator and rotor teeth number, the slot shape, the winding distribution, and so on
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Muller, Christopher Dustin. "Shear Forces, Floc Structure and their Impact on Anaerobic Digestion and Biosolids Stability." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28768.
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This study was conducted to address the controlling factors of biosolids stability as they relate to mesophilic anaerobic digestion, dewatering processes and digestion enhancement by wet sludge disintegration technologies. The working hypothesis of this study is that digestion performance; nuisance odor generation and the degree of digestion enhancement by wet sludge disintegration are directly related to anaerobic floc structure and its interaction with shearing forces. Mesophilic digestion was studied in two modes of operation, convention high rate and internal recycle mode to enhanced digestion using a wet sludge disintegration device. The internal recycle system operated on the premise that stabilized sludge would be removed from the digester disintegrated, either by mechanical shear or ultrasonic disintegration for this study, and returned it for to the digester further for further stabilization. Both benchscale and full-scale demonstrations found this mode of digestion enhancement to be effective for mechanical shear and ultrasonic disintegration.
It was also determined that volatile solids destruction in both conventional and enhanced mesophilic anaerobic digesters can be reasonably predicted by the concentration of cations in the sludge being treated. It was found that depending on the disintegration device used to enhance digestion performance was influenced by different cation associated fractions of the sludge floc.
Along with the improvement of digester performance, overall biosolids stability was investigated through of volatile organic sulfur emissions from dewatered biosolids. In doing so, a method to mimic high solids centrifugation in the laboratory was developed. The centrifugation method identified three major factors that contribute to the generation of odors from biosolids: shear, polymer dose, and cake dryness. The inclusion of shearings suggest that one means of reducing odors from biosolids generated by centrifugation is to use a shear enhanced digestion technology to degrade odor precursors, such as amino acids, within the digester prior to dewatering. Furthermore, the mechanical shearing within a digester is thought to be similar to that of mechanical shear enhanced digestion; therefore, the floc properties that control the digestion process would control observed odor generation.Ph. D.
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Tuchtan, Torrents Lucile. "Etude de la transmission des forces à l’extrémité céphalique suite à un impact facial." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0597.
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Etablir le lien de causalité entre des violences physiques et le décès d’un individu est une problématique récurrente de la pratique médico-légale. Une grande partie des situations de violence ne pose pas de difficulté au médecin légiste. Toutefois, cette causalité n’est parfois que supposée sans démontrer le mécanisme lésionnel. Cette situation peut provenir de l’absence de traduction anatomique de ce mécanisme lésionnel, illustrée par des cas de décès secondaires à des impacts faciaux, observés à l’institut médico legal où seules des lésions histologiques étaient objectivées.Pour répondre à cette problématique, un premier modèle de tête a été réalisé afin d’étudier la transmission des forces au crâne à partir d’un impact mandibulaire. Nous avons observé une diminution des transmissions des efforts à la base du crâne ainsi que des contraintes de Von Mises au niveau du tronc cérébral notamment. Ce modèle a été amélioré par l’ajout d’un cou et de la moelle épinière cervicale afin d’étudier plus précisément les contraintes au niveau du tronc cérébral, lors d’impacts mandibulaires type uppercut ou antéro posterieur, des contraintes au niveau de la jonction cérébro spinale ainsi qu’une hyperextension de la moelle sont observées.Ces mécanismes lésionnels mettant en jeu des contraintes dans la zone des pédoncules cérébraux, sont en accord avec nos résultats de simulations numériques par éléments finis. Ce niveau de contrainte observé, très proche de la valeur seuil traduisant des lésions cérébrales, laisse présager de possibles lésions axonalesEstablishing the relationship between the death of an individual and a violent event is a common practice in forensic science. Many cases of death by violence are relatively obvious for the medical examiner. However, the process of identifying the causes of the death is sometimes solely without confirmation of the injury mechanisms. This situation may be the case when anatomical signs of the injury mechanisms are absent, illustrated by cases of death secondary to facial impact, observed at the Institut médico legal, where only histological lesions were objectified.To answer this problematic, a first finite element model of head was realized initially to study the forces transmission to the skull starting from a mandibular impact. We observed a decrease of the efforts transmissions at the skull base following a mandibular impact as well as constraints of Von Mises at the level of the brainstem in particular. This model was enhanced by the addition of a neck and cervical spinal cord to more accurately study brainstem strains, uppercut or anteroposterior mandibular impact, cerebral junction and hyperextension of the cord are observed.These lesional mechanisms involving stresses in the area of the cerebral peduncles, are in agreement with our results of numerical simulations by finite elements. This level of stress observed, very close to the threshold value reflecting brain lesions, suggests possible axonal lesions.Biological parameters are different in each individual, and by using digital modeling they can be modulated at will for a realistic approach of forensic applications
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Luckscheiter, Jochen. "Impact investing in South Africa: identifying the global and local forces shaping this emerging investment market." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29003.
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Triggered by the negative economic and social consequences of the 2008/09 global financial crisis, critical questions about how financial markets operate and how they benefit society have received renewed attention. In response to these questions, new investment strategies whose objectives go beyond pure financial return have emerged. Impact investing, a concept which closely co-exists with investment strategies such as socially responsible investing and responsible investing, is the latest attempt to combine financial return with a contribution to the sustainable development of society. Although still in the early days of its development, impact investing is a maturing field to the extent that it has developed into a global phenomenon with an emerging global support structure. While impact investing still occupies a tiny niche in South Africa's investment market, there is, at least compared to other developing countries on the African continent, a large community of South African impact investors who are looking to invest locally and beyond. This research investigates how far the understanding and practice of impact investing in South Africa is influenced by global efforts to build the field and to what extent context specific factors are shaping the way in which it is currently evolving. In other words, how both global convergence and local divergence mechanisms interplay to form what is the South African impact investing market. The research findings suggest that while the international movement towards the standardisation of impact investing practices has reached South Africa, context specific factors such as, among others, the social, racial and political legacy of apartheid and the existence of a sophisticated financial system are central to the way in which the field is taking shape.
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Ritchie, Stephen Harvey. "An investigation of the prevalence and impact of organisational learning in UK police forces." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/590.
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This research aims to inform the relevance of Organisational Learning (OL) to policing management practice by investigating its impact and prevalence in UK policing. In the prescriptive literature, OL is propounded as an important aspect of effective organisations that needs to be leveraged. The field of OL is found to be diverse, lacking empirical work, and in need of suitable research techniques. To focus the research, a specific example of OL is proposed in performance management (PM) practice. The PM literature shows the theoretical foundations for practice are underdeveloped. This research addresses this by combining these two fields. As a result, practical data is made available to support an examination of OL and a theoretical basis for PM is developed. In the absence of a suitable model to structure data collection, a new OL model of PM is derived from the literature. A Critical Realist position is adopted which aims to identify the nature of the phenomena underlying OL. Three case studies with UK Police Forces, which involved fifty-two interviewees, were undertaken during 2008. A pilot case study was undertaken in Scotland, with the follow-up case studies in England and Northern Ireland. The data from interviews is analysed in NVivo using a range of coding techniques. Using the results from these case studies, the provisional OL Model of PM is tested and developed further. PM practice is found to involve the creation of knowledge and the creation of action and the relationship to organisational purpose is highlighted. Six elements of the OL process are defined as Attention, Analysis, Advising, Adjusting, Affecting and Achieving. Dimensions influencing PM practice in the cases are identified. The outcomes of the research indicate relevance to policing management practice, as well as to the wider fields of PM practice and OL theory.
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Lee, Jee Hye Hwang Johye. "Luxury marketing the impact of motivations as psychological forces on attitudes toward luxury restaurants /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6075.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description,or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on August 19, 2009) Includes bibliographical references.
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Callaway, Anthony Leonard. "A century of child soldiers : a critical review of their impact on land forces." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2015. http://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-century-of-child-soldiers(2329fb60-b5fb-451a-976e-a128a7714ee0).html.
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As of today, it is estimated that there are approximately 300,000 children serving as part of regular armed forces, terrorist or armed groups in a variety of roles across the globe. The term child is here defined as a person under the age of 18 years. In recent years Western forces have had occasion to engage such persons. It has been forcefully argued that children having regard to their preponderance and utility, particularly when coupled with the development and miniaturisation of modern weaponry are uniquely adapted to the modern battlefield and insurgent roles. Whilst there is nothing new in the deployment of young people in warfare and combat roles, and which has a very long historical pedigree, it has been suggested that the very fact that a child is utilised to engage regular forces represents the very antithesis of what a soldier represents; particularly when considered from a Western perspective. In other words a ‘child soldier’ does not fit the cognitive framework of regular troops: their training, legal structures and ethical and cultural values. This thesis is an attempt to consider the extent to which Western regular forces regard their combat roles when called upon to engage children, and in particular, the extent, if at all, their combat efficiency is influenced as a consequence. The UK, US and Israel are the subject of consideration by means of targeted questionnaires directed to military personnel who have either engaged children or undergone training in this regard. By this approach it is intended to discover whether the fact of child engagement had any or any appreciable influence upon the manner in which such soldiers regarded the military contract upon which they may have been engaged or have been trained to apply. In addition to considering the approach of the modern soldier, part of the field work involved examination of current training regimes carried out by a two-day visit to the International Land Warfare Centre, Warminster where the themes of this thesis were examined and additionally by a further series of targeted interviews of senior officers responsible for the design of training programmes. In order to extend the data base and to provide a historical context, the experience of UK service personnel in the Second World War was made the subject of examination with particular reference to individual engagements with members of the Hitler Youth during the latter stages of that conflict. This required examination of the oral archive at the Imperial War Museum, London. The conclusion that was reached and which was in some ways counter-intuitive, was that notwithstanding the fact that soldiers did regard children as those in need of protection and nurturing, perhaps as a consequence of their education, cultural factors and common humanity, when deployed on the battlefield, however that is defined, a child is considered just as much a threat as any other enemy and is engaged accordingly.
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Logan, Suzanna Jean. "Ground Reaction Force Differences Between Running Shoes, Racing Flats, and Distance Spikes in Runners." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2007. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/925.
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To measure the differences in ground reaction forces between running shoes, racing flats, and distance spikes, twenty intercollegiate distance runners ran across a force plate at 6.7m/s (for males) and 5.74m/s (for females) in each of the three types of shoes. In order to control for differences in foot strike, only subjects who had a heel strike were included in the data analysis (N=16). Repeated-measures ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test (p<0.05) revealed loading rate and impact peak to be significantly increased in the flats and spikes compared to running shoes. Stiffness in spikes was significantly higher than in running shoes. Stance time in spikes and flats was decreased. These results can be used to better inform competitive runners, coaches, and trainers of the risks and performance benefits when determining the frequency and duration of the use of competitive footwear in training.
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Murphy, Marc Patrick Henry Joseph. "A psychophysical study to determine maximum acceptable hand impact forces during door trim installation, effects of hand posture and impact gloves." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0009/MQ52617.pdf.
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Andersdotter, Matilda, and Evelina Rosenlöf. "Correcting Societal Issues Through Business : A Multiple Case Study of Inhibiting Factors for Scaling Social Impact in Sweden." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-39599.
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Background: Considering increased global challenges and societal issues, more and more people are directing skepticism towards governments' and established businesses' abilities to fully address urgent social problems. Social entrepreneurship constitutes a new entrepreneurial movement where societal issues are addressed by a combination of market-based methods and social value creation. Social entrepreneurship generates social and sustainable benefits to society and has thus received growing attention from both researchers and policy makers around the world. Social enterprises may take on varies forms, ranging from non-profit organizations to commercially driven enterprises. To focus on sustainable business models, this thesis has delimited the study to solely focus on for-profit or hybrid organizations. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe what inhibiting factors Swedish social enterprises face in scaling processes. Scaling refers to the magnitude a social business maximizes its social impact, primarily, but not limited to, through organizational growth. Furthermore, the thesis aims at explaining how social forces co-shape preconditions and actor decisions connected to scaling. Method: To fulfil the purpose of the study, a qualitative research methodology was used. The empirical data was primarily collected through semi-structured interviews held with founders, COO’s and CEO’s from seven social enterprises in Sweden. To fully explain inhibiting factors of scaling, an abductive research approach was used with a combination of open and encouraging questions to promote discussion and develop theory. Conclusion: The empirical findings of the study revealed a total of 14 inhibiting factors for scaling social impact in Sweden. From the findings, a development of existent theory resulted in a model illustrating the relationship between inhibiting factors, social forces and scaling social impact.
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Idowu, Ifeolu Mobolaji. "Numerical evaluation (FEA) of end stop impact forces for a crane fitted with hydraulic buffers." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5399.
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Thesis (MScEng (Civil Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: End stop impact forces are horizontal longitudinal forces imposed by the crane on the end stops. Both the previous South African loading code SABS 0160:1989 and the current South African loading code SANS 10160 , classify end stop impact force as an accidental load case , hence they are not expected to occur within the expected lifetime when the guide lines for crane operation are strictly adhered to. In the estimation of end stop impact force, the previous South African loading code SABS 0160:1989 gives two guidelines for estimating the end stop impact force. The first guideline is simplistic in its approach and it’s based on the assumption that the crane and its supporting structure act as rigid bodies; hence calculation is based on rigid body mechanics. Literature reviewed reveals that this is not correct. The second guideline is more explicit in its approach as it takes into account the crane speed, resilience of the buffers and resilience of the end stops. The current South African loading code, SANS 10160 gives a better representation of the dynamics of the crane movement. However, the dynamic factor recommended for the estimation of end stop impact force is empirical in nature and thus lacks adequate scientific backing. One of the purposes of this research was to investigate the influence of the stiffness of the crane bridge on the end stop impact force. This was achieved by conducting a series of FEA simulations on the double bridge EOHTC fitted with elastomeric buffers. For this set of simulations, the effect of each influencing parameter on the end stop impact force was investigated, and the maximum end stop impact force was obtained using a constraint optimization technique. From the results obtained, comparison was then made with the existing maximum end stop impact force for a single bridge EOHTC fitted with elastomeric buffers. Another purpose of this research was to investigate the end stop impact force for an electric overhead travelling cranes (EOHTC) fitted with hydraulic buffers taking into account the dynamics involved in the movement of the EOHTC. This was achieved by a series of experimental and numerical investigation. The numerical investigation was conducted using an existing numerical model of an EOHTC which captures the crane and its supporting structure as a coupled system. Finite element analysis (FEA) impact force histories obtained were calibrated to the base experimental impact force histories. Thereafter, a series of FEA simulations were conducted by changing the parameters which have a substantial effect on the end stop impact forces. This yielded various maximum impact peaks for various parameters. The maximum impact force was then mathematical obtained from the FEA impact force histories for a given level of reliability using a constraint optimization technique. Also, codified end stop impact forces were calculated for the SABS 0160:1989 and SANS 10160-6:2010. From the results obtained, comparison was made between the codified end stop impact force and the maximum impact force obtained from the constraint optimization technique.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Ent buffer impak kragte is horisontale kragte wat deur die kraan op die entbuffers aangewend word. Beide die Suid Afrikaanse las kode SABS 0160:1989 en die voorgestelde Suid Afrikaanse las kode SANS 10160, klasifisseer die entbuffer impak kragte as ‘n ongeluks las geval, dus word die kragte nie verwag tydens die verwagte leeftyd van die kraan wanneer die riglyne van die kraan prosedures streng gevolg word nie. Volgens die Suid-Afrikaanse las kode SABS 0160:1989 word daar twee riglyne voorgestel om die entbuffer kragte te bepaal. Die eerste riglyn is ‘n eenvoudige riglyn en word gebaseer op die aaname dat die kraan en die ondersteunende struktuur as ‘n starre ligame reageer en dus word die kragte bereken deur star ligaam meganika, alhoewel, uit die literatuur word dit bewys as inkorrek. Die tweede riglyn is ‘n meer implisiete benadering aangesien dit die kraan snelheid, elastisiteit van die buffers sowel as die elastisiteit van die end stoppe in ag neem. SANS 10160-6:2019 gee ‘n beter benadering van die dinamiese beweging van die kraan. Die voorgestelde dinamiese faktor waarmee die ent_buffer_kragte bereken word, is empiries van natuur . Een van die doelstellings vir die navorsings projek was om te bepaal wat die invloed van die kraan brug se styfheid op die entbuffer kragte is. ‘n Aantal Eindige Element Analise (FEA) simulasies is uitgevoer op ‘n dubbel brug elektriese aangedrewe oorhoofse kraan met elastomeriese buffers. Van die stel FEA simulasies kan die invloed van elke parameter op die entbuffer impak_kragte bepaal word. Die maksimum entbuffer impak_kragte is bepaal met behulp van ‘n beperking optimiserings tegniek. Vanaf hierdie resultate is ‘n vergelyking gemaak met die bestaande maksimum ent_buffer impak_kragte vir ‘n enkel brug elektriese oorhoofse aangdrewe kraan met elastomeriese buffers. ‘n Tweede doel rede vir die navorsing was om te bepaal wat die ent buffer impak_kragte op ‘n elektriese aangedrewe oorhoofse kraan met hidrouliese buffers is. Dit is bepaal deur ‘n aantal eksperimentele en numeriese toetse uit te voer. Die numeriese toetse is uitgevoer deur gebruik te maak van ‘n huidige numeriese model van ‘n elektriese aangedrewe oorhoofse kraan wat die kraan en die ondersteunende struktuur as ‘n. Die Eindige Element Analise impak_kragte is gekalibreer teen die eksperimenteel bepaalde impak- kragte. Daarna is ‘n reeks Eindige Element Analise simulasies uitgevoer en sodoende die parameters te verander wat die mees beduidende invloed op die end stop impak_kragte het. Dit het verskeie impak_krag pieke vir verskillende parameters meegebring. Die maksimum impak kragte is bepaal van die impak kragte van die Eindige Element Analise vir ‘n gegewe vlak van betroubaarheid deur gebruik te maak van die beperking optimiserings tegniek. Daarmee saam is die gekodifiseerde ent buffer impak kragte bereken volgen SABS 0160:1989 en die SANS 10160- 6:2010. Vanaf hierdie resultate is ‘n vergelyking gemaak tussen die gekodifiseerde entbuffer impak_kragte en die maksimum impak_kragte wat bepaal is deur die (beperking optimiserings tegniek).
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James, Aricatt John, and Devarajan Velmurugan. "Determination of stresses and forces acting on a Granulator knife by using FE simulation." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH. Forskningsmiljö Produktutveckling - Simulering och optimering, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-28297.
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Recycling of plastics always plays an important role in keeping our environment better and safe. With the rise in usage of plastics and industrialization, the need for recycling the plastics has become a big business and is getting bigger. This thesis work was done for a company called Rapid Granulator AB, which works with the recycling of plastics as a big trade in Sweden. Like all the industries across the globe are trying to be economical in every way, Rapid Granulator AB wanted to develop an economical design of their high quality granulating knife. For achieving the economical design, they wanted to study the behaviour of the rotating knife during the process of producing plastic granules. The granulator cutting process was simulated and numerical analysis was done on the rotating knife of a plastic granulator machine by using the finite element code ABAQUS with 3D stress elements to find out the critical stresses and forces acting on the rotating knife. The bolt preload was applied by Abaqus/Standard, and the results of implicit analysis were imported to Abaqus/Explicit for the impact analysis where the flow of stresses on the rotating knife during the impact with materials were simulated and studied. The study was done on knife models of different thickness to see if the thickness of the current knife model can be reduced. Analysis were done also on a knife model assembly with a double sided cutting edge knife to see if the knife model can be used to its full extent. The simulation models and analysis results were given to the company to develop a more economical knife model.
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Lucchesi, David. "Effets des forces non-gravitationnelles sur les satellites LAGEOS : impact sur la détermination de l'effet Lense-Thirring." Nice, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NICE5691.
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Le sujet de la thèse présentée porte sur l’étude des forces non gravitationnelles agissantes sur les satellites LAGEOS. Ces forces engendrent des perturbations sur les éléments orbitaux de la trajectoire. Il faut les modéliser en fonction de l’environnement spatial. Il est alors possible d’analyser les variations observées des éléments orbitaux. L’intérêt du travail est très général et concerne toutes les applications des satellites Lageos à la géodynamique et à la détermination de l’effet Lense-Thirring prévue par la Relativité générale qui a été mis en évidence très récemment et pour la première fois à partir de l’analyse des trajectoires des LAGEOS. Dans ce travail, nous avons analysé les effets perturbateurs dus aux forces non-gravitationnelles suivantes : i) pression de radiation solaire directe ii) pression de radiation due à l’albédo terrestre iii) poussée thermique Yarkovsky d’origine solaire iv) poussée thermique Rubincam d’origine terrestre, v) effet de poussée engendrée par une asymétrie du coefficient de réflectivité optique de la surface du satellite. Nos études ont été centrées sur les éléments orbitaux suivants, a) variations des composantes du vecteur excitation de l’excentricité, b) variations de l’argument du périgée, c) variations de l’inclinaison, d) variations de l’ascension droite du nœud ascendant. Ces variations ont été calculées par des intégrations numériques et par des méthodes analytiques sur une durée de 7ans. Nous avons ainsi analysé 4,7 années de données de LAGEOS II pour estimer les paramètres de l’effet Yarkovsky et de l’effet lié a l’asymétrie du coefficient de réflectivité. Puis nous avons pu calculer l’erreur possible dans la détermination de l’effet Lense-Thirring induite par différentes forces perturbatrices sur cette durée de 7 ansThis Ph. D. Thesis has been concentrated upon the study of the non-gravitational perturbative effects on LAGEOS satellites orbit and on the influence of these perturbations with regard to the geodynamical applications and to the Lense-Thirring effect determination. Indeed, laser ranging from Earth bound stations of these passive satellites has allowed the first direct measurement of the relativistic precession of the satellite orbital plane due to the Earth angular momentum, the so called Lense-Thirring effect. In this work we have investigated the perturbative effects due to the following non-conservative forces: i) direct solar radiation pressure, ii) Earth albedo radiation pressure, iii) solar Yarkovsky thermal thrust, iv) Earth Rubincam thermal thrust and v) anisotropic reflectivity of the satellite hemispheres. Our studies and analyses have been focused on the subsequent elements of the satellites orbit: a) eccentricity vector excitations components, b) argument of perigee rate, c) inclination rate and d) node rate. These studies have been performed both analytically and numerically, integrating the satellites orbits over a 7 years period. We have been particularly interested to LAGEOS II orbit analysis, and indeed these studies are new for several of the cited elements in the case of LAGEOS II. We have analysed 4. 7 years of LAGEOS II perigee and node residuals with respect to a reference orbit and we estimated from their fit the satellite parameters characteristic of the Yarkovsky effect and of the anisotropic reflectivity. The results obtained are totally new for LAGEOS II. Then we have estimated how the uncertainties of these non-gravitational effects influence the measurement of the Lense-Thirring effect. Finally we have given – over a 7-year period – the error budget estimate for the Lense-Thirring effect measurement due to different perturbations
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Olivero, Lara Humberto Jose. "Quantifying the Ergonomic Impact on Healthcare Workers Using a Needle-free Injector Device." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4739.
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Background: Jet injectors are advantageous over needle injectors by eliminating sharps hazards. The Government Accountability Office estimates 29% preventable sharp injuries with an estimated direct cost of more than $500 million out of the CDC's reported incidence of 385,000 needle stick injuries per year among US hospital healthcare workers. Yet the forces required to set and trigger devices using spring mechanisms for medication delivery have not been explored. This laboratory experiment measured forces exerted by healthcare workers (HCWs) using a particular jet injector approved by FDA in 2011.
Objectives: In order to quantify the ergonomic impact on HCWs using a needle-free injector, the first objective was to evaluate the dynamic forces required to activate the trigger injector button and the reset station for the injector, with their respective means, for each of the parameters studied. The second objective was to compare these forces to those required to use four previously analyzed retractable intramuscular syringes with needles. Finally, the third objective was to assess potential psychophysics ergonomic impact on HCWs with use of these devices to formulate future design changes and recommendations for manufacturers and HCWs, respectively.
Methods: This laboratory experiment was conducted through a multi-disciplinary team approach. It included a total of 136 trials (10 validation trials, 116 experimental trials and 10 padded trials for soft tissue simulation), which were conducted using the PharmaJetTM Injector. A force gauge and a load cell were integrated into the triggering setup and reset station, correspondingly, enabling force measurements to be obtained directly from the human-machine interfaces. These force data allowed for observations of force profiles in time by the healthcare worker as researcher while preparing for and administering injections. Data collection used three software applications for force conversions and data manipulation. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and analytical results by using ANOVA for the trigger injector & reset station with multiple comparison tests for parametric and non-parametric distributions, respectively.
Results: The descriptive results indicated an average force for triggering the injector in the 116 trials was 15.92 lbs. (70.8 N) with a range of 9.77-26.46 lbs. (43.46-117.69 N). The measured forces for the reset station ranged from 5.35-82.78 lbs. (5.35-368.22 N) with an average of 25.32 lbs. (112.62 N) (SD 12.36). Spurious findings presented with tensile forces to fill the syringes resulting in hand strain in the first metacarpal joint after repetitive pinprick motion. The analytical results showed an ANOVA for trigger injector with a parametric-normal distribution with an F (2,133) Ratio 10.0472, p- value (F) 0.0001<0.05, showing statistical significance and with a Tukey's comparison test showing a significant difference in between the means of the padded trials vs. the validation & experimental trial groups. The ANOVA for the reset station showed a Kruskal Wallis H-statistic of 0.2568, p-value (H) 0.8795>0.05 presenting NO statistical significance with a Dunn's comparison test confirming NO difference in between the medians or mean ranks of all three groups.
Conclusions: Triggering the injector and resetting the station required considerable effort in comparison to activating 4 retractable intramuscular syringes with needles from our previous studies, the range of mean forces were 3.63-17 lbs (16.19-77.53 N) for those syringes with the trigger injector maximum voluntary force of 71 N being above the recommend 56.6 N.The jet injector required more force per effort than 2 (4.4x) syringes & similar to other 2 syringes (0.9x) previously tested when considering the compression forces related with the trigger injector. Additional vector forces (displacement & gripping of reset station) could increase the cumulative effort affecting different musculoskeletal components when the whole components of the procedure are taken into account.
Suggestions for the manufacturer regarding design changes to facilitate HCWs' use of this device are warranted, since some of the summation forces during the 12 mini-steps could be avoided to achieve a higher efficiency. This information may be useful for health care facilities when choosing devices to protect their workers from ergonomic injuries.
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Chiarenza, Antonio. "Professions, legitimacy and change : the impact of political and economic forces on a large city library system in Britain." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30733.
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The aim of this research is to investigate developments in public librarianship in a period of fundamental change which took place in the first half of the nineties. Within the framework of the sociological approach to the study of occupations, an attempt is made to understand how the profession responded to changed circumstances due to external political and economic pressures. The general hypothesis is that the librarian's process of adaptation to new cultural and technological conditions has, in the last decade, undergone rapid acceleration because of political reforms and economic constraints which seemed to have the potential to undermine the distinctive identity of the profession. Financial pressure, government reforms, emphasis on accountability, competition, cost-effectiveness and consumer choice reshaped the internal organisations of library work and questioned the principle governing quality of library service. The conflict between the economic criteria for the established of the aims and objectives of the library service and the statutory duty to provide a "comprehensive and effective" service to the public created a feeling of uncertainty and lack of confidence in those who had to carry out those tasks. The librarians' traditional orientation to service, their qualifications and competence seemed no longer sufficient to ensure either user satisfaction or public benefit. The purpose of this research is to draw a picture, from the testimonies of professional librarians, manager librarians, politicians and administrators, of how public librarianship has changed its internal organisation, its relationship with the public and its professional practice and culture. The focus of analysis can be grouped into the following areas of investigation: the organisational context, the working context and finally the institutional context where the legitimacy of the librarian's status and competence is brought into question.
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Castro, Ricardo Borges de. "The impact of the European Union on the guardianship role of the Turkish armed forces : from democratization to desecularization?" Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.547738.
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Bitsini, Nkosinathi. "Investigating the impact of institutional forces on the operations of an organisation-implemented ERP system in a developing country." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23658.
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In response to the pressure of the ever-changing and dynamic global market, enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems have become the cornerstone for organisations of all sizes to compete internationally. However, implementing organisations in developing countries doesn't enjoy the same benefits as implementing organisations from developed countries, because ERP systems general originate from developed countries and these do not necessarily fit the requirements of implementing organisations in developing countries owing to the different business practices, legal and government regulations. ERP systems are built on institutional models, procedures and forces that set the rules of rationale and these forces serve to bind implementing organisations to fundamental choices about how organisational operations and processes should be organised. Limited studies have been done on the impact of institutional forces on implementing organisations from developing countries, particularly in South Africa, yet these organisations continue to invest huge amounts of their financial resources in ERP systems. Until implementing organisations understand the impact of institutional forces on their operations, misalignment will continue to deny realisation of the full benefits of these systems. This study aimed at exploring the institutional forces and their impact on the operations of the implementing organisation within the South African context. A qualitative research approach was undertaken from an interpretive epistemological position. A single case study was conducted at Organisation X. Organisation X is a public sector organisation formed in 1999 and implemented an ERP system in 2006. Thirty employees participated in the study and the data were analysed using the thematic analysis qualitative technique. The selected participants only include those who joined the Organisation X before the implementation of the ERP system because they have a broad general knowledge of the ERP and have undergone the experience during this time. These include executive managers, senior managers and support staff. Major themes from the data illustrate that implementing organisations from the public sector resort to modifying the ERP because they operate in highly regulated environments. These themes also demonstrate that economic differences, sector requirements, organisational culture, IT infrastructure and operational differences are the institutional forces that affect the implementation and use of software packages. The findings reveal that ERP-embedded institutional forces have a negative impact on the implementing organisational structures, bring changes to the process controls and procedures of the implementing organisation, affect the reporting structure of the organisation, create additional roles and responsibilities, bring undesirable changes to organisational culture and increase organisational spending in IT infrastructure. Institutional forces also have positive impact on implementing organisation operations, including improved availability, accessibility, accuracy and reliability of the information and, lastly, thus improve the effectiveness and efficiency of operations. The findings of this study help to build a body of knowledge on ERP misalignment for organisations planning to implement or adopt ERP systems. This study alerts implementing organisations of the need to systemically review regulations and national rules together with industry best practices prior to deployment.
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Friedrich, Christian [Verfasser], Reiner [Akademischer Betreuer] Quick, and Dirk [Akademischer Betreuer] Schiereck. "Corporate Misconduct and the Impact of Market Forces, Regulatory Change, and Auditor-Provided Services / Christian Friedrich ; Reiner Quick, Dirk Schiereck." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1228537488/34.
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Aravindababu, Sumanth Ram. "Investigation of sources of wheel-rail impact force deviation through dynamic simulations." Thesis, KTH, Fordonsdynamik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-302783.
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Due to the increase in demand on freight transportation it becomes necessary to avoid delays to ensure that the goods reach its destination on time. The main factors causing disturbances in the traffic on the mainline is the breakdown of vehicles mainly due to damaged wheels. The damaged wheels are identified through the wheel-rail impact force measurements provided by the wheel impact load detectors (WILD). This calls for the optimal schedule of maintenance of wheelsets and wagons in general. During the maintenance, the officials manually check for defective wheels and the exchange of wheelsets is performed based on the type of damage. The classification of wheel damages plays a vital role in providing ease of damage identification and insights to deduce a strategy for wheelset exchange. In this study, an attempt to classify the damaged wheelsets is done by analysing the wheel-rail impact force data from the wayside detectors. The data from the detectors are acquired from PredgeAB, a Luleå based startup pioneering in providing decision support on optimal maintenance schedules and predictive maintenance of rail wheels. Through their detection and prediction solutions it was observed that of all the wheels marked as damaged by the detectors 10% were undamaged. The source of the deviation in the impact force readings could help Predge make better estimations in damage detection and prediction. In this study, the sources contributing to the deviation is studied using multi-body simulations in GENSYS. A new method for modelling wheel damage is developed to overcome the shortcomings of the software. The findings of this study can then be used appropriately to make classifications of wheel damages.På grund av den ökade efterfrågan på godstransporter är det nödvändigt attundvika förseningar för att säkerställa att varorna når sin destination i tid. Deviktigaste faktorerna som orsakar störningar i trafiken på huvudlinjen är stopp ispår av fordon, främst på grund av skadade hjul. De skadade hjulen identifierasmed hjälp av mätningar av slagkraft mellan hjul och spår som tillhandahållsav hjulbelastningsdetektorer (WILD). Detta kräver ett optimerat schema förunderhåll av hjulsatser och vagnar i allmänhet. Under underhållet kontrollerartjänstemännen manuellt för defekta hjul och utbytet av hjulsatser utförs baserat på typen av skada. Klassificeringen av hjulskador spelar en viktig roll närdet gäller att underlätta identifiering av skador och ge insikt för att bedöma enstrategi för hjulbyte. I den här studien görs ett försök att klassificera de skadade hjulsatserna genom att analysera data från slagkraften mellan spår ochhjul från detektorer. Uppgifterna från detektorerna hämtas från PredgeAB, enLuleå-baserad uppstartsbolag som är pionjärer för att ge beslutsstöd om optimala underhållsscheman och prediktivt underhåll av järnvägshjul. Genom sinadetekterings- och prediktiva lösningar observerades att 10% av alla hjul märktasom skadade av detektorerna var oskadade. Källan till avvikelsen i slagkraftavläsningarna kan hjälpa Predge att göra bättre uppskattningar när det gällerupptäckning och förutsägelse av skador. I den här studien studeras de källorsom bidrar till avvikelsen med simuleringar av flera kroppar i GENSYS. En nymetod för modellering av hjulskador har utvecklats för att övervinna programvarans brister. Resultaten av denna studie skulle kunna användas på lämpligtsätt för att göra klassificeringar av hjulskador.
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Horsten, Sharon. "The impact of competition on the product-market strategies of entities in the pharmaceutical industry / Sharon Horsten." Thesis, North-West University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/549.
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There can be little doubt that competition in the pharmaceutical industry has increased considerably over
the past few years. Growth in the pharmaceutical industry in South Africa has been affected adversely in
recent years by the increased competition from generic drug manufacturers. As soon as a drug comes off
patent, competitors are ready with generic copies, resulting in price drops. Pharmaceutical companies are
therefore forced to continually evaluate their existing strategies, to ensure that their financial performance
remains at the desired level.
This study aims to determine the importance that entities in the pharmaceutical industry attach to
competition during the strategy-formulation process. The study will also attempt to provide an
understanding of how entities have adapted their product-market strategies, as identified by Ansoff, over
the past five years. As an ancillary objective, this research aims to determine whether the level of
competition in the industry has adversely affected the financial performance of the entities competing
within the industry.
Entities within the pharmaceutical industry consider the level of competition in the industry to be very
high, and, accordingly, it is one of the major factors that they consider when determining which product market
strategy to adopt. Because of this, the product-market strategies adopted by entities in the
pharmaceutical industry have changed substantially over the past five years. No strategy is, however,
dominant.
Over the past five years, most of the entities in the pharmaceutical industry have displayed improved
profitability, risk and cash flow-ratios, as well as growth in revenue, net profit and net asset value. This
improvement in financial performance is despite an increased level of competition. It can therefore be
concluded that the level of competition in the pharmaceutical industry is not reflected directly in the
overall financial performance of companies in the industry.Thesis (M.Com. (Management Accounting))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.
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Bretz, David A. "A computer simulation approach to the study of effects of deck surface compliance on initial impact impulse forces in human gait." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2000. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA378301.
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Thesis (M.S. in Mechanical Engineering) Naval Postgraduate School, March 2000.Thesis advisor(s): Kwon, Young W.; McGhee, Robert B. "March 2000." Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-82). Also available online.
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Malmström, Martin, and Henrik Orre. "The driving forces on the Swedish compressed natural gas market and the impact on OKQ8's strategy : A qualitative study." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-127163.
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This paper aims to examine how the driving forces of the Swedish CNG market have impacted OKQ8’s strategies. This has been conducted through the four drivers’ coercive-, market-, resource- and social drivers. The papers conclusion is that all drivers impact on OKQ8’s strategy but that coercive drivers have the most significant impact on the CNG market and OKQ8’s strategy. OKQ8’s decision to establish a cooperation together with E.ON was smart decision since they minimized their own ambiguity in this market that depends on governmental policies and incentives.
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Bomo, Jérémy. "Impact des forces de tension sur le phénotype hépatocytaire in vitro : caractérisation de la matrice de collagène dans la fibrose hépatique par microscopie SHG." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S163/document.
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La fibrose hépatique est un problème de santé publique. Cette pathologie est caractérisée par une accumulation excessive de matrice extracellulaire, composée principalement de collagène, augmentant la rigidité du foie. Environ 90% des hépatocarcinomes se développent sur un foie fibrotique / cirrhotique, laissant présager une relation entre la rigidité tissulaire et le développement tumoral. Pour étudier le rôle des forces exercées par la matrice extracellulaire sur le phénotype des cellules hépatiques, nous avons développé un modèle de culture 3D de cellules hépatiques dans des gels de collagène de rigidités variables. Dans ces conditions, les cellules hépatiques présentent une forte prolifération et un maintien de la différenciation dans les matrices les plus rigides. En parallèle, les cellules hépatiques transformées peuvent modifier la matrice de collagène pour former des signatures de collagène TACS (Tumor Associated Collagen Signatures). Une analyse des voies de signalisation impliquées dans la formation des TACS 3 nous a permis de déterminer 2 voies indispensables pour ces mécanismes: MEK/ERK et MLCK. Le bon maintien des fonctions différenciées et de biotransformation des cellules hépatiques font des cultures 3D en gel de collagène un excellent modèle pour des applications en biotechnologie. Nous avons également développé une technique de quantification standardisée et automatisée du collagène, dans un modèle murin de fibrose hépatique, par utilisation de la microscopie SHG, qui permet de détecter de faibles variations de quantité de collagène. Cette technique permet également de caractériser qualitativement, après analyse d'images, le collagène et de renforcer la discrimination entre les différents stades fibrotiques. La caractérisation des cross-links de collagène, par cette approche, est actuellement en cours d'étude et permettrait d'appréhender les capacités de réversionLiver fibrosis is a real public health problem. This pathology is characterized by an excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix, mainly composed of collagen, increasing liver rigidity. Approximately 90% of hepatocellular carcinomas develop from a fibrotic/cirrhotic liver, suggesting a relationship between tissue rigidity and tumor development. To investigate the role of stiffness on the hepatic phenotype, we have developed a 3D culture model of collagen gels of varying stiffness. Our results show a better survival, an increase of proliferation and differentiation of liver cells in rigid matrices. In addition, the cells are able to modify the collagen matrix and to form collagen signatures TACS (Tumor Associated Collagen Signatures). An analysis of the signaling pathways involved in the formation of TACS 3 allowed us to determine that 2 pathways are important for these mechanisms: MEK/ERK and MLCK. The high level of differentiated functions and biotransformation of the hepatic cells make 3D collagen cultures an excellent model for applications in biotechnology. Using the SHG microscopy, we have also developed a standardized and automated quantification of collagen to detect small amount of collagen in a mouse liver fibrosis model. This technique allows us to characterize qualitatively the collagen and to strengthen the discrimination between fibrotic scores. The characterization of the collagen cross-links by this approach is under study and would allow to study the reversion capacity
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Lokmanis, Arnis. "From independence to alliance : NATO impact on Latvian Security environment in the Post Cold War era /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Dec%5FLokmanis.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, Dec. 2004.Thesis Advisor(s): Mikhail Tsypkin, Hans-Eberhard Peters. Includes bibliographical references (p. 57-58). Also available online.
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Viero, Fernanda Todeschini. "Análise cinética do soco no karatê em postura natural e avançada." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2011. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/237.
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The main objective of this study was to analyze the kinetic characteristics of the punch in karate in natural stance and advanced where the proposed specific objectives were to verify the strength values (component orthogonal to the fixed target) generated by karate straight punch during the impact on fixed target; measuring ground reaction forces in three orthogonal directions: vertical (z), antero-posterior (y) and medio-lateral (x); compare the peak force of the punch normalized by body weight between the natural posture and stance; and compare the percentage of body weight at the time of peak force of the punch between the natural posture and stance. The study included nine practitioners of Traditional Shotokan Karate, male, graduated from the first dan, and over the age of eighteen years, all invited to participate voluntarily in the study. For the collection of ground reaction forces were used two force platforms AMTI model OR6-GT and the analysis of the punch device was developed with a fixed target instrumented. Data collection was divided into two stages, the first was rated the straight punch in front stance and the second was evaluated in a natural posture. We collected data from participants, the anthropometric characteristics taken after heating the same individual adjusted to the pre-determined position, on the force platforms in front of the column, where your equipment with the target fixed for the execution of instrumented punches average level. The kinetic parameters analyzed were interpreted with the aid of a software routine in scilab-5.3.3 (INRA, France). To present the data we used descriptive statistics. Additionally, we used the paired t-test for detecting differences in performance parameters between the punch and natural stance. All tests were carried out using SPSS 17.0 software (SPSS, USA) at a significance level of 5%. The results showed that the absolute values of impact found in this independent study confirm the stance taken karate as the art of teaching the final blow. In terms of ground reaction forces in three orthogonal directions (z, y, x), results were obtained with the forces in the orthogonal directions z and y, being that on the other hand for ortogonal direction x, the same one was rejected ahead of the necessity for a more accurate analysis. As for comparisons were obtained significant results (p <0.05) for the intensities of punches between the advanced and natural postures and non-significant results (p> 0.05) for the percentage weights at the moment of peak force between the punch advanced postures and natural. Finally, it was stressed that it seems the hip rotation is so important in the efficiency of the blow given that you can make a relationship between the intensity obtained from the impact of the blow and magnitude of the binary system generated by the actions of the feet.
O principal objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as características cinéticas do soco no Karatê em postura natural e avançada onde os objetivos específicos propostos foram verificar os valores de força (componente ortogonal ao alvo fixo) gerados pelo soco direto do karatê durante o impacto no alvo fixo; medir forças de reação do solo nas três direções ortogonais: vertical (z), ântero-posterior (y) e médio lateral (x); comparar o pico de força do soco normalizado pelo peso corporal entre a postura natural e a postura avançada; e comparar o percentual do peso corporal no momento de pico de força do soco entre a postura natural e a postura avançada. Participaram deste estudo nove praticantes de Karatê Shotokan Tradicional, do sexo masculino, graduados a partir do 1o dan, e com idade superior a dezoito anos, todos convidados a participar voluntariamente do estudo. Para as coletas das forças de reação do solo foram utilizadas duas plataformas de força AMTI modelo OR6-GT e para a análise do soco foi desenvolvido um dispositivo com o alvo fixo instrumentado. A coleta de dados foi dividida em duas etapas, na primeira foi avaliado o soco direto na postura avançada e na segunda foi avaliado na postura natural. Foram coletados os dados dos participantes, tomadas as características antropométricas e após aquecimento individual, o mesmo ajustou-se à posição pré-estabelecida nas plataformas de força em frente à coluna, onde se encontrava o aparato com o alvo fixo instrumentado para a execução dos socos a nível médio. Os parâmetros cinéticos analisados foram interpretados com auxílio de uma rotina no software Scilab-5.3.3 (INRA, França). Para apresentar os dados foi utilizada a estatística descritiva. Adicionalmente, foi utilizado o teste t pareado para verificar diferenças nos parâmetros da execução do soco entre a postura avançada e natural. Todos os testes foram realizados com auxílio do software SPSS 17.0 (SPSS, EUA) a um nível de significância de 5%. Pelos resultados verificou-se que para os valores absolutos de impacto encontrados neste estudo independente da postura adotada confirmam o karatê como sendo a arte da doutrina do golpe definitivo. No que tange às forças de reação do solo nas três direções ortogonais (z, y, x), respostas foram obtidas para as forças nas direções ortogonais z e y, sendo que em contrapartida para a direção ortogonal x, a mesma foi desprezada diante da necessidade de uma análise mais acurada. Quanto às comparações se obtiveram resultados significativos (p<0,05) para as intensidades dos socos entre as posturas avançada e natural e resultados não significativos (p>0,05) para os pesos percentuais durante o momento de pico de força do soco entre as posturas avançada e natural. Por fim, destacou-se que ao que parece o giro do quadril tem tanta importância na eficiência do golpe haja vista que se pode fazer uma relação entre a intensidade obtida através do impacto do golpe e magnitude do sistema binário gerado pelas ações dos pés.
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Soumbo, Marvine. "Adsorption des protéines sur les surfaces de couches minces de silice seules ou additivées de nanoparticules d'argent : impact sur les forces d'adhésion de Candida albicans." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30258.
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Dans de nombreux secteurs, l'adhésion microbienne sur les surfaces est la source de multiples impacts négatifs. Cette étape est considérée comme préliminaire au développement de biofilm et peut être influencée par la présence d'un film conditionnant engendré par l'adsorption des protéines sur la surface. Ainsi, les stratégies visant une intervention au moment de la phase initiale d'adhésion représentent une approche appropriée pour prévenir la bio-contamination des surfaces et nécessitent une compréhension à l'échelle moléculaire. Dans ce contexte, les matériaux nanocomposites à base de nanoparticules d'argents (AgNPs) et de silice (SiO2) apparaissent comme des outils pertinents. Ce travail de thèse porte sur l'utilisation de substrats nanocomposites possédant une monocouche d'AgNPs exposées à leurs surfaces ou enterrées dans une matrice de SiO2plasma à une distance contrôlée de quelques nanomètres de la surface afin d'explorer, d'une part l'adhésion de protéines modèles (Sérum Albumine Bovine, DsRed et Fibronectine) et leurs changements conformationnels et d'autre part, la cinétique de détachement de la levure Candida albicans dans les différentes conditions. Les AgNPs sont bien connues pour leurs activités antimicrobiennes et présentent de plus, des propriétés optiques permettant de détecter des signatures moléculaires à leurs proximités. Suite à l'application de la spectroscopie Raman exaltée de surface en utilisant les couches nanocomposites à base d'AgNPs, la détection de trois conformations de la DsRed (protéine fluorescente rouge) adsorbée et déshydratée sur les substrats plasmoniques a été possible. Les résultats obtenus montrent que les changements conformationnels des protéines avec une forte cohérence interne sont réversibles. En parallèle, nous avons évalué la dynamique d'organisation et le comportement de la SAB, de la Fn et de la DsRed en contact avec des couches minces de silice ou additivées d'AgNPs. Les mesures des angles de contact des gouttelettes de différentes concentrations protéiques ont montré une interaction hydrophile croissante avec la SiO2th thermique. L'hydrophobicité de surface est modifiée pour les substrats nanocomposites. L'épaisseur et les propriétés optiques des couches protéiques adsorbées ont été évaluées par ellipsométrie spectroscopique. En fonction de la concentration de protéines dans solution les résultats montrent l'évolution d'une monocouche protéique non continue et non dense vers une monocouche plus compacte et plus complexe pour des concentrations élevées.[...]Microbial adhesion on solid surfaces is the source of multiple negative impacts in many areas. This step is considered prior to biofilm formation. It might be influenced by the presence of a conditioning layer generated after protein adsorption on the surface. Thus, strategies to act during the initial phase of microbial adhesion represent an appropriate approach to prevent bio-contamination of solid surfaces. However, they require understanding of the underlying mechanisms at the molecular level. In this context, nanocomposite materials based on silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and silica (SiO2) appear as relevant tools. This thesis focuses on the use of nanocomposite thin layers containing a plan of AgNPs exposed on their surfaces or buried in a SiO2plasma matrix at a controlled distance of a few nanometers from the surface in order to explore, on the one hand, the adhesion of model proteins (Bovine Serum Albumin, DsRed and Fibronectin) and their conformational changes and secondly, the kinetics of detachment of the yeast Candida albicans under the different conditions. AgNPs are well known for their antimicrobial activities but also for their optical properties allowing detection of molecular signatures at their proximities. Following the application of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy using AgNP-based nanocomposite layers, the detection of three conformations of DsRed (red fluorescent protein) adsorbed and dehydrated on plasmonic substrates was achieved. The obtained results show that the conformational changes of proteins with a strong internal coherence are reversible. In parallel, we have evaluated the dynamics of the organization and behavior of BSA, Fn and DsRed in contact with thin silica layers or silica layers containing AgNPs. Contact angle measurements of droplets of different protein concentrations showed increasing hydrophilic interaction with thermal SiO2th. For the nanocomposite layers, the surface hydrophobicity is modified. The thickness and optical properties of the adsorbed protein layers were evaluated by spectroscopic ellipsometry. Depending on the protein concentration in solution the results show the evolution of a non-continuous and non-dense protein monolayer to a more compact and complex monolayer at high concentrations. [...]
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Yu, Tsung-Chi Max. "The impact of US-China relations on Taiwan's military spending (1966-1992)." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2002. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3100/.
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Previous research has shown that Taiwan's military spending is affected either by China's military buildup or the US's military pipeline. This study investigates whether it is also true an ongoing US-China relationship has dynamic effects. Three major findings are obtained from the statistical analyses. First and foremost, the level of US-China conflict has a contemporaneous positive effect on Taiwan's military spending. Second, the analyses also indicate that the volatility of US-China relations has negative effects on Taiwan's military spending. This finding suggests that instability in US-China relations will prompt Taiwan to decrease its military spending due to a higher amount of perceived security on the one hand, and Taiwan wants to avoid further provoking China on the other. Third, analyses indicate that an error correction model fares better than a simple budgetary incremental model in explaining the re-equilibrating effects of GNP growth on Taiwan's military spending. Overall, the results demonstrate the interplay of domestic and international constraints and may help to predict what will be the expected military spending when Taiwan's economy changes. I suggest that Taiwan's military spending is likely to be influenced by US-China relations as well as by foreign investment and domestic economic constraints as long as the United States policy toward the Taiwan problem remains unchanged.
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States, Eliza. "A Discussion of the Impact of Political and Economic Forces on Equitable Access to Potable Water in Ecuador and Recommendations for Improvement through Better Watershed Management." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pitzer_theses/52.
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This thesis will address the impact of political and economic forces on the equitable access to fresh water in Ecuador. Demographic factors such as the rural-to-urban migration and the political and economic forces have strongly influenced the debate over the privatization of the provision of potable water and sanitation services. Within the context of Ecuador, two different approaches by the largest cities, Quito and Guayaquil, are analyzed; in Guayaquil, the services were privatized, while in Quito, the public utility was corporatized, remaining under public control. It concludes arguing that in the face of political instability and a lack of regulatory enforcement, neither public nor private provision adequately supplies marginalized communities with water and sanitation services. Watershed management is therefore crucial to maintaining a sound city water-management plan. Its flexibility and openness to innovative alliances between various stakeholders creates great potential for this approach.
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Shackelford, Philip Clayton. "On the Wings of the Wind: The United States Air Force Security Service and Its Impact on Signals Intelligence in the Cold War." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1399284818.
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