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Academic literature on the topic 'Impact and priority'

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Published: 18 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Impact and priority"

Brown, S. W. "Impact on Priority Setting." Epilepsia 38 (November 1997): S70—S71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1157.1997.tb06134.x.

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Lester, C. "Priority setting with Health Inequality Impact Assessment." Public Health 115, no. 4 (July 2001): 272–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0033-3506(01)00458-9.

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A, Zapata Flórez. "Cognitive Priority over Ethical Priority in Artificial Intelligence: The Primordial Philosophical Analysis in Artificial Intelligence." Philosophy International Journal 5, no. 4 (October 10, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/phij-16000269.

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The general idea that we have of artificial intelligence (AI) consists of the belief that machines will be able to develop conscious thoughts such as those possessed by human beings, and, as computing advances, such thinking will also advance until intelligence to surpass the human being, with which the advancement of AI represents ethical risks in the future. In reality, such a belief hides a cognitive assumption, which assumes that computational engineering explains human intelligence through the mind-computer metaphor. According to this assumption, technology explains cognition, and philosophy, through ethics, reflects on the impact of said technology. However, in this article, I contradict such an assumption and defend that the philosophy in AI is not reduced to the ethics that is present after the use and impact of AI in the world. I intend to expose that a good ethics of AI is the one that reflects on the appropriate risks facing AI, and for this, philosophy, beforehand, must make a cognitive analysis about the possibilities that computing has to create intelligent machines, namely, whether or not the mindcomputer metaphor makes sense. My thesis consists in defending that the philosophical analysis about AI must be carried out both on a cognitive level and on an ethical level, but that the philosophical priority in the cognitive analysis over the ethical priority, since the ethical risks of AI depend of the possibilities of technology, and only the cognitive approach can account for this.

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Furth, Peter G., and Theo H. J. Muller. "Conditional Bus Priority at Signalized Intersections: Better Service with Less Traffic Disruption." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1731, no. 1 (January 2000): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1731-04.

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Conditional priority for buses at signalized intersections means that late buses are given priority and early buses are not. This scheme is a method of operational control that improves service quality by keeping buses on schedule. A conditional bus priority implementation in Eindhoven, the Netherlands, is described. Results show the strong improvement in schedule adherence compared with a no-priority situation. Traffic impacts at an intersection were studied for three scenarios—no priority, absolute priority, and conditional priority. Compared with no priority, absolute priority increased delays significantly while conditional priority had almost no impact.

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Mitchell, Janet B., and Fred Bentley. "Impact of Oregon’s Priority List on Medicaid Beneficiaries." Medical Care Research and Review 57, no. 2 (June 2000): 216–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107755870005700205.

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Howard, Patricia Kunz. "Making an Impact: Injury Prevention is a Priority." Journal of Emergency Nursing 45, no. 3 (May 2019): 237–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2019.03.002.

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Adnan, A. Z., M. E. Yusoff, and H. Hashim. "Analysis on the Impact of Renewable Energy to Power System Fault Level." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 11, no. 2 (August 1, 2018): 652. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v11.i2.pp652-657.

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Distributed Generation is generation of electricity from renewable energy resources, located closer to the customers or loads. Installation of Distributed Generation could improve voltage and power quality, mitigate voltage sags, minimize transmission system congestion, and provide more affordable capacity for utilizing renewable energy resources. However, high penetration of Distributed Generation to the existing national grid system may contribute several impacts including fault level, as well as the performance of power system protection. Monitoring of fault level is important in power system protection in order to sustain the health of power system networks. This paper investigates the impact of installing Distributed Generation to power system fault level. Three-phase symmetrical fault is simulated and analyzed for various sizes of distributed generation in IEEE 30 bus system using Power System Simulation for Engineering (PSS/E) software.<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><em><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: black;">Distributed Generation is generation of electricity from renewable energy resources, located closer to the customers or loads. Installation of Distributed Generation could improve voltage and power quality, mitigate voltage sags, minimize transmission system congestion, and provide more affordable capacity for utilizing renewable energy resources. However, high penetration of Distributed Generation to the existing national grid system may contribute several impacts including fault level, as well as the performance of power system protection. Monitoring of fault level is important in power system protection in order to sustain the health of power system networks. This paper investigates the impact of installing Distributed Generation to power system fault level. Three-phase symmetrical fault is simulated and analyzed for various sizes of distributed generation in IEEE 30 bus system using Power System Simulation for Engineering (PSS/E) software.</span></em></p>

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Gupta, Chetna, and Varun Gupta. "Software Change Impact Analysis." International Journal of Systems and Service-Oriented Engineering 5, no. 2 (April 2015): 44–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijssoe.2015040103.

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This paper presents an approach to prioritize program segments within the impact set computed using functional call graph to assist regression testing for test case prioritization. The presented technique will first categorize the type of impact propagation and then prioritize the impacted segments into higher and lower levels based on propagation categorization. This will help in saving maintenance cost and effort by allocating higher priority to those segments which are impacted more within the impacted set. Thus a software engineer can first run those test cases which cover segments with higher impacted priority to minimize regression test selection.

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Park, Sangjun, Kyoungho Ahn, and Hesham A. Rakha. "Environmental Impact of Freight Signal Priority with Connected Trucks." Sustainability 11, no. 23 (December 1, 2019): 6819. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11236819.

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Traffic signal priority is an operational technique employed for the smooth progression of a specific type of vehicle at signalized intersections. Transit signal priority is the most common type of traffic signal priority, and it has been researched extensively. Conversely, the impacts of freight signal priority (FSP) has not been widely investigated. Hence, this study aims to evaluate the energy and environmental impacts of FSP under connected vehicle environment by utilizing a simulation testbed developed for the multi-modal intelligent transportation signal system. The simulation platform consists of VISSIM microscopic traffic simulation software, a signal request messages distributor program, an RSE module, and an Econolite ASC/3 traffic controller emulator. The MOVES model was employed to estimate the vehicle fuel consumption and emissions. The simulation study revealed that the implementation of FSP significantly reduced the fuel consumption and emissions of connected trucks and general passenger cars; the network-wide fuel consumption was reduced by 11.8%, and the CO2, HC, CO, and NOX emissions by 11.8%, 28.3%, 24.8%, and 25.9%, respectively. However, the fuel consumption and emissions of the side-street vehicles increased substantially due to the reduced green signal times on the side streets, especially in the high truck composition scenario.

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Halvorsen, K., A. Slettebo, P. Nortvedt, R. Pedersen, M. Kirkevold, M. Nordhaug, and B. S. Brinchmann. "Priority dilemmas in dialysis: the impact of old age." Journal of Medical Ethics 34, no. 8 (August 1, 2008): 585–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jme.2007.022061.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Impact and priority"

Brodie, Lindsey. "Impact estimation : IT priority decisions." Thesis, Middlesex University, 2015. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/18408/.

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Given resource constraints, prioritization is a fundamental process within systems engineering to decide what to implement. However, there is little guidance about this process and existing IT prioritization methods have several problems, including failing to adequately cater for stakeholder value. In response to these issues, this research proposes an extension to an existing prioritization method, Impact Estimation (IE) to create Value Impact Estimation (VIE). VIE extends IE to cater for multiple stakeholder viewpoints and to move towards better capture of explicit stakeholder value. The use of metrics offers VIE the means of expressing stakeholder value that relates directly to real world data and so is informative to stakeholders and decision makers. Having been derived from prioritization factors found in the literature, stakeholder value has been developed into a multi-dimensional, composite concept, associated with other fundamental system concepts: objectives, requirements, designs, increment plans, increment deliverables and system contexts. VIE supports the prioritization process by showing where the stakeholder value resides for the proposed system changes. The prioritization method was proven to work by exposing it to three live projects, which served as case studies to this research. The use of the extended prioritization method was seen as very beneficial. Based on the three case studies, it is possible to say that the method produces two major benefits: the calculation of the stakeholder value to cost ratios (a form of ROI) and the system understanding gained through creating the VIE table.

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Rachmawati, Titi Sari Nurul. "Impact of Priority and Protected Areas on Deforestation in Brazilian Legal Amazon." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-232705.

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Legal Amazon, the Brazilian region where much of the global tropical forest is located, has suffered from rapid deforestation for decades, undermining the provision of ecosystem services and the conservation of biodiversity on local and global scales. In order to prevent deforestation, the Brazilian government has established priority and protected areas to ensure the preservation of high biodiversity areas and ecosystem services. This study analyses whether the establishment of priority and protected areas have an impact in preventing deforestation, thus promoting biodiversity and ecosystem services. Furthermore, this study also analyses the extent to which deforestation affects priority areas for biodiversity conservation. Deforestation datasets from 2001 to 2014 of the Legal Amazon was processed and analyzed. The total area and density of deforestation were compared across three categories of land: (1) protected priority areas, (2) unprotected priority areas, and (3) non-priority areas. Spatial methods of geoprocessing and the statistical method one-way ANOVA were used to analyse the deforestation trends. As a result, the deforestation density was found to be lowest inside protected areas than in unprotected areas and non-priority areas. This implied that land-use restrictions in protected areas had more impact compared to unprotected areas and non-priority areas. Furthermore, deforestation has been more intensive in regions of lower biodiversity importance. Despite this positive evaluation, substantial tracts of forest had been converted within regions of high biodiversity importance. Therefore, the regulation of priority and protected areas must be evaluated and improved in the future.
Den brasilianska regionen Legal Amazon, där mycket av den globala andelen av tropisk skog ligger, har drabbats av snabb avskogning i årtionden, vilket underminerar tillhandahållandet av ekosystemtjänster och bevarandet av den biologiska mångfalden både på lokal och global skala. För att förhindra avskogning har den brasilianska regeringen etablerat prioriterade och skyddade områden för att säkerställa bevarandet av områden med hög biologisk mångfald och ekosystemtjänster. Denna studie analyserar huruvida etableringen av prioriterade och skyddade områden påverkar förebyggandet av denna avskogning. Dessutom analyserar denna undersökning också hur omfattningen av avskogningen påverkar prioriterade områden för bevarande av biologisk mångfald. Avskogningsdata från 2001 till 2014 i Legal Amazon bearbetades och analyserades. Total areal och densitet av avskogningen jämfördes mellan tre kategorier av mark: (1) skyddade prioriterade områden, (2) oskyddade prioriterade områden och (3) icke prioriterade områden. Rumsliga metoder för bearbetning och den statistiska metoden envägs-ANOVA användes för att analysera avskogningstrenderna. Resultaten visar att avskogningstätheten var lägst inom skyddade områden jämfört med oskyddade områden och icke-prioriterade områden. Det innebär att markanvändningsbegränsningar i skyddade områden har haft större inverkan jämfört med oskyddade områden och icke prioriterade områden. Vidare har avskogningen varit mer intensiv i områden med lägre värden för biologisk mångfald. Trots denna positiva utvärdering hade ett betydande skogsområde omvandlats inom områden med höga värden för biologisk mångfald. Därför måste regleringen av prioriterade och skyddade områden utvärderas och förbättras i framtiden.

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Dionne, Francois. "Identifying disinvestment options to increase the impact of priority setting in health care organizations." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30116.

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Choices about what to fund and what not to fund are necessary in health care because claims on resources always exceed those available. Moreover, the choices faced by decision-makers are often between or amongst a wide range of difficult to compare programs or interventions. It is no surprise, then, that processes that inform those choices are of considerable interest. Yet, we know that existing priority setting processes have found limited practical use and when used, are rarely used to their full potential. The objective of the current research was to produce new knowledge that would facilitate the use of formal priority setting processes in decision-making on resource allocation in health care. Based on a detailed review of the literature, a decision was made to focus on one particular aspect of priority setting in health care that has long been recognized as a significant barrier to the successful implementation of priority setting processes: the identification of disinvestment options. Building on initial exploratory research, a proposed procedural change to the Program Budgeting and Marginal Analysis (PBMA) priority setting process was designed to address challenges in identifying disinvestment options. The proposed procedural change was then evaluated in a case study as part of a real-world priority setting exercise. The key finding of this research project was that adding a step -- that focused on the determination and communication of acceptable service reductions, at the outset of process implementation -- to the standard PBMA process, has the potential to assist in ‘disarming’ organizational incentives that have been found to work against the identification of disinvestment options. This key finding is of critical importance because without practical disinvestment options, priority setting processes are likely to have limited impact on decision-making and therefore limited practical appeal. Further, without formal, structured priority setting processes that actually work in practice, resource allocation decisions will continue to follow historical patterns, leading to incremental growth without explicit consideration of return on investment. As such, this study makes a novel contribution to the literature in an area that is highly relevant to the everyday challenges faced by health care decision-makers.

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De, Beer Lourens Retief. "Modelling the impact of priority infrastructure on the performance of the minibus taxi services in Southern Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/73278.

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The minibus taxi industry has grown from a modest provider of public transportation to the largest supplier to the urban public. Attempts have been made by government to regulate, integrate, and upgrade this sector but such efforts have been met with varying levels of success. Taxi drivers face immense pressure from passengers and the taxi industry to increase their performance which leads to hostile driving behaviour and often fatal accidents on the road. Transit priority measures, which are techniques used to reduce delays for buses or other forms of public transport on congested roads, have been used to advance the quality of service of buses and BRT vehicles but have not been extended to include the paratransit industry. The purpose of the study is to quantify the economic impact that these forms of infrastructure would have on minibus taxi operators, passengers, and other road users. The various forms of infrastructure were modelled to represent conditions in various parts of the city where frequent stops to load and offload passengers take place. Four alternative service options to the traditional curb-side stop were identified which included a queue-jumping lane, a queue-bypass lane, a single lane pre-signal strategy, and a dedicated minibus taxi lane. Five analytical models were developed, based on macroscopic traffic flow theory, using Excel, to gain a strategic understanding of how the benefits and costs of the infrastructure vary with different traffic conditions. It was observed that all the infrastructure alternatives result in a decrease in travel time, user cost, operating cost, and the total cost per trip for the minibus taxis. Pertaining to the car drivers, a decrease in travel time and total cost was observed because of the reduced delay due to taxi stops no longer impeding traffic. Environmentally, a reduction in harmful gas emissions was noted, particularly in the case of the minibus taxis. The single lane pre-signal strategy and the queue-jumping lane fared the best out of the five options with the lowest travel times and overall cost per hour, resulting in a decrease in total hourly cost of 56%, which consists of construction cost, user cost, and operating cost. A low-cost, commercially available drone was used to monitor the traffic behaviour of minibus taxis on a selected road segment in Pretoria in order to determine the applicability and suitability of the various infrastructure forms. It was observed that the drivers often try to cut corners and skip traffic to save time during peak traffic scenarios. In two cases driving patterns like the case modeled for the queue-jumping lane were displayed cutting time off the drivers’ trip. It was also observed that there is a shortage of infrastructure for minibus taxi operators to pick up and drop off passengers often resulting in them making informal stops that cause congestion. The time passengers save on their often-long travel distances would go a long way to redress the transportation injustices of the past. The monthly savings of over R32 000,00 per taxi driver in operating cost would serve as a subsidy to a public transportation industry currently operating unaided. It was concluded that implementing such significant changes in the public transport industry in South Africa would be equivalent to providing minibus taxi operators with much needed financial support.
Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2019.
Centre for Transport Development
Civil Engineering
MEng
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Casturi, Ramakrishna. "A Macroscopic Model for Evaluating the Impact of Emergency Vehicle Signla Preemption on Traffic." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32403.

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In the past, the study of Emergency Vehicle (EV) signal preemption has been mostly done using field studies. None of the simulation models that are currently commercially available have the capability to model the presence of EVs and simulate the traffic dynamics of the vehicles surrounding them. This study presents a macroscopic traffic model for examining the effect of signal preemption for EVs on traffic control measures, roadway capacity, and delays incurred to the vehicles on the side streets. The model is based on the cell transmission model, which is consistent with the hydrodynamic theory of traffic flow. A special component, in the form of a moving bottleneck that handles the traffic dynamics associated with the presence of EVs, was developed in the model. Several test scenarios were constructed to demonstrate the capabilities of the model for studying the impact of signal preemption on an arterial with multiple intersections under various traffic demand levels and varying frequencies of the arrival of EVs. Performance measures, such as average vehicle delay, maximum delay, and standard deviation of delay to traffic on all approaches, were obtained. An additional advantage of the model, apart from the capability to model EVs, is that the state-space equations used in the model can be easily incorporated into a mathematical programming problem. By coupling with a desired objective function, the model can be solved analytically. Optimal solutions can be generated to obtain insights into the development of traffic control strategies in the presence of EVs.
Master of Science

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HIGHLEY, THOMAS ALLEN. "ADVISORY CASE STUDY: IMPACT OF WEB BASED RESOURCES ON ADVISOR ACCEPTANCE AND PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1029524338.

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Metin, Huseyin. "Assessing Impacts Of The European Framework Programme On Turkish Participants: A Case Study On Fp6 Ist Priority." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612283/index.pdf.

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This thesis aims to assess impacts of European Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development (FP) on Turkish participants, focusing on Sixth Framework Programme (FP6) Information Society Technologies (IST) priority. A two-sided approach was employed while assessing impacts. First, DELPHI method was used to quantify and prioritise expectations of the decision makers in key stakeholders
second, a survey was designed to measure additionalities and the level of achievements of program participants. Scientific and technological impacts, economic impacts, institutional impacts and impacts on collaboration and sectoral knowledge were questioned as four main impact criteria. It is demonstrated in survey results that, significantly high levels of impacts were achieved in scientific and technological impacts and impacts on collaborations and development of sectoral knowledge. Nonetheless, economic impacts were noted to be lowest among all impact factors. Level of impacts were tested for different control factors including project instrument, organization type, project activity, project role and received grant. Project role was proved to be the most important control factor affecting the level of impact. It is presented in comparison of decision makers&rsquo
expectations and participants&rsquo
achievements that, decision makers&rsquo
expectations were mostly satisfied by participants except for economic impacts. Turkish participants in FP6 IST field had significant impacts in three out of four main impact factors. Moreover, decision makers expectations were highly satisfied except for economic impact factors. The results of this study, relying on the assessed impacts of FP6 IST field, support Turkey&rsquo
s participation in forthcoming FPs.

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Haywood, Danette. "Survey of Health Effects among Residents Adjacent to a National Priority List Site in Ssouthwest Virginia." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2003. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/852.

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The Saltville Waste Disposal Site is a National Priority List site used during the 77- year operation (1895–1972) of an electrolytic chlorine and caustic soda plant. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine disease prevalence among Saltville Medical Center (SMC) patients. Diseases associated with chronic exposures to mercury, arsenic, and lead were reviewed in patient records and these data were analyzed. Ratios of illness observed at the SMC were compared to health studies of similar environmental exposures and disease prevalence among residents of neighboring communities. Prevalence ratios were calculated for residents and non-residents of Saltville who were SMC patients. Saltville residence accounted for a higher risk of developing the targeted diseases (odds ratio=1.68, 95% confidence interval (1.54, 1.82)). Increased risk was among patients aged 31-45 years; with a history of smoking; and family history of the same disease.

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Silva, Ana Helena Soares da. "Identificação de riscos em sistema de cria em pecuária de corte." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/179148.

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O trabalho identificou e priorizou por impacto os principais riscos do sistema de cria em pecuária de corte, a partir da percepção de produtores rurais da microrregião da Campanha Meridional, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Para a priorização foram utilizados os métodos de análise qualitativa, matriz ranking, árvore de problema e processo de análise hierárquica (AHP). Com a identificação foram priorizados 45 riscos e classificados quanto a sua origem e natureza, organizados dentro de nove grupos de acordo com a orientação de consultores públicos e privados, acadêmicos e pela literatura. Os baixos índices reprodutivos e a lotação em excesso foram identificados como os riscos mais impactantes no retorno econômico da atividade de cria. Com relação à probabilidade de ocorrência as péssimas condições das estradas, a lotação em excesso e o desbalanço do fluxo de caixa da empresa rural foram identificados como riscos mais ocorrentes. A taxa de desmame (TD) obteve maior peso de importância na análise hierárquica, o que significa que os produtores avaliam a TD, em relações a outros riscos, como a mais influente no retorno econômico da atividade. A identificação e a priorização dos riscos auxiliam na tomada de decisão do produtor rural por apresentar a dimensão do impacto, probabilidade e dependência do risco no sistema, dessa forma contribui para ações futuras de mitigação ou exclusão dos riscos com finalidade de evitar ou minimizar as perdas produtivas e econômicas da produção.
The study identified and prioritized according to its impact the main risks for the cow-calf system in beef cattle production based on the observation of farmers in the region of the Southern Campanha, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. In order to prioritize, the methods of qualitative analysis were used, ranking matrix, problem tree and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Together with the identification, 45 risks were prioritized and classified according to their origin and nature, divided into nine groups by both the public and private experts, academic consultants’ opinion and literature. Low reproductive rates and high stocking rate were identified as the ones with higher impact over the economic results in the cow-calf system activity. The badly maintained roads, high stocking rate and the unbalance of the rural company cash flow were appointed as most probable risk factors. Weaning rate (WR) was the strongest factor in the hierarchical analysis, which means that producers evaluate the WR in relation to other risk factors as the most influential in the economical return of that activity. Identification and prioritization of risk factors help farmers to decide to present the impact range, probability and dependence of risk in the system, thus contributing to future mitigation actions or risk exclusion, in order to avoid or to minimize production and/or economical losses.

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Cornelissen, Evelyn Constance. "Implementing a rational priority setting approach in community care in the Interior Health Authority: assessing fit, evaluating implementation, and determining impact." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43394.

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Background: Priority setting approaches assist decision makers in choosing between various resource demands. One approach, Program Budgeting and Marginal Analysis (PBMA), supports decision makers to explicitly assess how resources can be used to maximize overall benefit from diverse service delivery options. Previous PBMA work establishes its efficacy (i.e., it can work) and also indicates that contextual factors complicate priority setting which can hamper PBMA effectiveness (i.e., whether it does actually work) in some settings. Methods: Using action research, researchers supported decision makers with implementing PBMA in a community care portfolio. Data were collected through semi-structured participant interviews (twenty pre-PBMA; twelve post year-1; nine post year-2), a pre-PBMA focus group (n=4), meeting attendance over three years, and document review. The interviews and focus group were transcribed. Data were analyzed using a constant comparison technique to explore PBMA effectiveness and implementation. Results: Fit emerged as a key theme in determining PBMA adoption and effectiveness. Here, fit refers to being of suitable quality and form to meet the end-users’ intended purposes and needs, and includes desirability, acceptability, and usability dimensions. Results confirm decision maker desire for rational approaches like PBMA. However, for several contextual reasons, most participants indicated that the timing and form in which PBMA was applied were not well-suited for this study. Their degree of acceptance of and buy-in to PBMA changed during the study: a leadership change, limited organizational commitment, and concerns with organizational capacity were key barriers to PBMA adoption. We found that adoption depended on contextual readiness and capacity, and that initial PBMA goals should include ensuring high-level commitment and moving toward more rational and evidence-informed decision making in general. Conclusions: These findings suggest that adding a contextual readiness/capacity assessment stage to PBMA, recognizing organizational complexity, and considering incremental PBMA adoption may help to improve PBMA’s effectiveness in some contexts. Based on these findings, tactics are suggested to more closely align PBMA with real-world priority setting practice. These suggestions may facilitate greater adoption, especially in contexts experiencing difficulty implementing PBMA. These insights may help in better understanding and working with priority setting conditions to advance evidence-informed decision making.

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Books on the topic "Impact and priority"

Nichols, Stephen. The priority environmental concerns of Papua New Guinea. Apia, Samoa: SPREP, 2004.

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Ltd, Island Friends, South Pacific Regional Environment Programme., International Waters Project, Global Environment Facility, and Strategic Action Programme for the International Waters of the Pacific Small Island Developing States., eds. Cook Islands priority environmental problems (PEC) report: A review and assessment of the priority environmental concerns. Apia, Samoa: SPREP, 2004.

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Tim, Hope, and Great Britain. Home Office. Research and Planning Unit., eds. Housing, community and crime: The impact of the Priority Estates Project. London: H.M.S.O., 1993.

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International Comparative Risk Analysis Symposium (2nd 1994 Taipei, Taiwan). 2nd International Comparative Risk Analysis Symposium: Priority setting of environmental issues : proceedings of an international specialty conference. Pittsburgh, Pa: The Association, 1996.

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Koldaev, Viktor. Theoretical and methodological aspects of the use of information technologies in education. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1014651.

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The article summarizes the experience of implementing a personality-oriented approach to the formation of a structural and content model of the educational process at the university. The results of the introduction of information technologies and their services in the field of education are presented, as well as the impact of computerization on the quality of education in the framework of the modern educational paradigm. The priority directions of innovative educational strategies of the university are identified and a graph model of the individual educational route of the student is proposed in order to predict the state of the educational system and adopt optimal learning strategies. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For graduate students and university teachers in the design of variable models of training in any areas of training and specialties. It will be useful for advanced training on the problems of innovative educational strategies.

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A, Bonn Mark, ed. Visitor profiles, economic impacts, and recreational aesthetic values associated with eight priority Florida springs located in the St. Johns River Water Management District. [Palatka, Fla: St. Johns River Water Management District, 2004.

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Davison, Paul, Bryan Gray, Jesse Laffen, and Mike Rendel. Priority Sale: How to Connect Your Real Impact to Your Prospects' Top Priorities. Indie Books International, 2021.

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Giné, Xavier, Salma Khalid, and Mansuri Ghazala. The Impact of Social Mobilization on Health Service Delivery and Health Outcomes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198829591.003.0011.

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This chapter uses a randomized community development programme in rural Pakistan to assess the impact of citizen engagement on public service delivery and maternal and child health outcomes. The programme had a strong emphasis on organizing women, who also identified health services as a development priority at baseline. At midline, we find that the mobilization effort alone had a significant impact on the performance of village-based health providers. We detect economically large improvements in pregnancy and well-baby visits by female health workers, as well as increased utilization of pre- and post-natal care by pregnant women. In contrast, the quality of supra-village health services did not improve, underscoring the importance of community enforcement and monitoring capacity for improving service delivery.

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Ní Chaoimh, Eadaoin. The Legislative Priority Rule and the EU Internal Market for Goods. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192856210.001.0001.

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Abstract The process of integrating the internal market for goods is intrinsically bound up with the question of how to divide and exercise public power without undermining free movement. The founding Treaties allow for this debate to play out by both protecting the free movement of goods and allowing for national regulatory input. The EU legislator is also empowered to resolve persisting tensions in this field between diversity and centralization, market integration, and market regulation, and as regards the question of who decides. As guarantor of the rule of law, the European Court of Justice must pay heed to such legislative input in a manner that preserves both the principle of institutional balance and the hierarchy of norms. To do so, it often relies on the Legislative Priority Rule as its constitutional compass. Founded on the principles of pre-emption and the presumption of constitutionality, this Rule casts exhaustive EU (product) legislation as the Court’s sole norm of reference to resolve regulatory disputes, to the exclusion of Articles 34–36 TFEU. To avoid any resulting normative inversion, EU (product) legislation must be acknowledged as accommodating a more complex vertical distribution of power than what is often assumed. To this end, the book suggests replacing harmonization models with a new framework to improve the description of EU product legislation and the assessment of its impact, and to facilitate transparent and Treaty-compliant dispute resolution.

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Hemmelgarn, Anthony L., and Charles Glisson. Participatory-based versus Authority-based Human Service Organizations. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190455286.003.0012.

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This chapter introduces ARC’s principle of being participatory based. This principle requires the active, open participation of front-line staff, middle managers, and top administrators in decisions about practices and policies that affect the well-being of clients served by their organization. It counters the conflicting priority of prescribing change in a top-down manner without the benefit of the experience of those closest to service provision. The chapter explains how participatory-based organizations impact staff discretion, motivation, learning, and engagement with clients and reviews the empirical evidence that supports participatory-based approaches. This evidence includes research in social cognition and neuroscience. Case examples illustrate the positive impact of participatory approaches on service provider and client outcomes, outlining their influence through norms and expectations as well as underlying beliefs and assumptions.

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Book chapters on the topic "Impact and priority"

Hoffmann, Anita. "Career development skills a high priority for all." In Purpose & Impact, 53–58. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351048941-5.

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Cui, Shiliang, Zhongbin Wang, and Luyi Yang. "In-Queue Priority Purchase." In Innovative Priority Mechanisms in Service Operations, 119–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30841-3_7.

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AbstractThe extant priority-purchasing literature has restricted attention to the case where the only epoch for customers to purchase priority is upon arrival, and if customers choose not to upgrade when they arrive, they cannot do so later during their wait. A natural alternative is to let customers pay and upgrade to priority at any time during their stay in the queue, even if they choose not to do so initially. For instance, visitors to the London Eye could purchase a fast-track ticket at any point in their waiting process. Likewise, USCIS could allow a petitioner to file a request of expedited processing at any time after submission, not just at the moment of submission. If in-queue priority purchase is enabled, an immediate follow-up design question is whether to let customers in the regular line upgrade all at once (i.e., simultaneously) or one at a time (i.e., sequentially). In light of these considerations, this chapter examines the following two questions regarding in-queue priority purchase: (1) how will customers behave if they can upgrade to priority at any time during their wait in the queue? (2) how will rules on the specific timing of priority upgrade (i.e., simultaneous vs. sequential) impact customer behavior? This chapter is primarily based on Wang et al. (Queueing Syst 97:343–381, 2021) where interested readers can find proofs of the findings shown in this chapter.

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Lazin, Fred, and Yehuda Gradus. "Priority Conflicts in a New University: The Case of Ben Gurion University of the Negev." In The Policy Impact of Universities in Developing Regions, 235–44. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-08879-9_17.

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Phillips, Ken. "How to implement the eight priority disciplines in strategic evaluation for better programs, more funding, expanded programs, and more engaged employees." In Trust, Impact, and Fundraising for Nonprofits, 160–78. New York: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003335207-17.

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Grace, Delia, Ekta Patel, and Thomas Fitz Randolph. "Tsetse and trypanosomiasis control in West Africa, Uganda and Ethiopia: ILRI's role in the field." In The impact of the International Livestock Research Institute, 148–63. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789241853.0148.

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Abstract This book chapter was to tackle the mission of International Laboratory for Research on Animal Disease (ILRAD): discuss AAT and East Coast fever. As a result, a large body of research on AAT was conducted over 30 years: genetics, breeding and immunology research. This chapter reviews the earlier field work of ILRAD followed by that of International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) after 1994 in East and West Africa, including the engagement of those institutions with regional and global initiatives. Looking to the future, AAT is likely to remain a priority constraint for African livestock. We now have approaches that are highly effective at reducing the impact of AAT, either singly or in combination. We also understand better the challenges of adoption of even economically attractive strategies and how the changing dynamics of AAT may lead to future opportunities for optimized control.

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Götz, Linde, Maximilian Heigermoser, and Tinoush Jamali Jaghdani. "Chapter 4: Russia’s Food Security and Impact on Agri-Food Trade." In Palgrave Advances in Bioeconomy: Economics and Policies, 115–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77451-6_5.

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AbstractRussia’s food policy has been defined by the quest for food security for more than a decade, which in the Russian context includes import protectionism, self-sufficiency, and import substitution, marked by the adoption of Food Security Doctrines in 2010 and 2020. This chapter first investigates the impact of food security policy on domestic production. Food security policy has combined with an increase in state support for domestic production, leading to notable increases in output and self-sufficiency for selected commodities. The chapter also examines the impact of food security on agri-food exports, which have become a priority since 2018. Although Russia has become a leading exporter of wheat, the influence of food security is seen by the introduction of export quotas on grain starting in 2020. Despite protectionism, Russia has not withdrawn from the international food market but rather is an active and significant player as both food importer and exporter.

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Van Velthoven, Jeroen, Benny Van Houdt, and Chris Blondia. "The Impact of Buffer Finiteness on the Loss Rate in a Priority Queueing System." In Formal Methods and Stochastic Models for Performance Evaluation, 211–25. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11777830_15.

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Arena, M., G. Azzone, V. M. Urbano, P. Secchi, A. Torti, and S. Vantini. "Development of a functional priority index for assessing the impact of a bridge closure." In Bridge Safety, Maintenance, Management, Life-Cycle, Resilience and Sustainability, 1817–22. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003322641-225.

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Palúch, Ján, Milan Veterník, and Alica Kalašová. "Impact of Public Transport Priority on Traffic in Chosen Part of the City of Martin." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 3–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93710-6_1.

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Gaur, Abhinav, Sunith Bandaru, Vineet Khare, Rahul Chougule, and Kalyanmoy Deb. "Identification and Impact Assessment of High-Priority Field Failures in Passenger Vehicles Using Evolutionary Optimization." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 111–22. India: Springer India, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1038-2_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Impact and priority"

Xu, Liulin, Bao Liu, and Bao Liu. "The Exsistences and the Expressions of Limit Impact Priority and Limit Absolute Priority." In The International Symposium on the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Creative Decisions Foundation, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.13033/isahp.y1988.080.

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Krishnamoorthy, A., Viswanath C. Narayanan, and Srinivas R. Chakravarthy. "The impact of priority generations in a multi-priority queueing system — A simulation approach." In 2009 Winter Simulation Conference - (WSC 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wsc.2009.5429269.

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Vazan, Pavel, Zuzana Cervenanska, Janette Kotianova, and Gabriela Krizanova. "The impact of selected priority rules on production goals." In 2019 20th International Carpathian Control Conference (ICCC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/carpathiancc.2019.8765924.

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Al-Doski, Lava, and Seshadri Mohan. "Impact of dynamic priority scheme on IP Multimedia Subsystem." In 2014 8th Annual IEEE Systems Conference (SysCon). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/syscon.2014.6819265.

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Chang, Hung-Jui, Jen-Hsiang Chuang, Yang-Chih Fu, Tsan-Sheng Hsu, Chi-Wen Hsueh, Shu-Chen Tsai, and Da-Wei Wang. "The Impact of Household Structures on Pandemic Influenza Vaccination Priority." In 5th International Conference on Simulation and Modeling Methodologies, Technologies and Applications. SCITEPRESS - Science and and Technology Publications, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0005539204820487.

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Li, Ke-ping, Yu-pu Dong, and Hong-bo Qian. "Impact Analysis of Countdown Device on Transit Priority Signal Control." In Ninth International Conference of Chinese Transportation Professionals (ICCTP). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41064(358)113.

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Zhou, Yicheng, She Jinhua, Chongqing Kang, and Yosuke Nakanishi. "Determining Maintenance Priority for Transmission Lines Based on System Impact Index." In 2020 International Conference on Smart Grids and Energy Systems (SGES). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sges51519.2020.00017.

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Abdelhalim, Awad, and Montasir Abbas. "Impact Assessment of a Cooperative Bus-Holding Transit Signal Priority Strategy." In 2018 21st International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2018.8569831.

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Sogin, Samuel L., Christopher P. L. Barkan, Yung-Cheng Lai, and Mohd Rapik Saat. "Impact of Passenger Trains in Double Track Networks." In 2012 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2012-74135.

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North American freight railroads are expected to experience increasing capacity constraints across their networks. To help plan for this increased traffic, railroads use simulation software to analyze the benefits of capacity expansion projects. Simultaneous operation of heterogeneous traffic further increases delay relative to additional homogenous traffic. Additional passenger trains can cause more delays to freight trains than additional freight trains. Rail Traffic Controller (RTC) was used to run simulations with varying mixes of unit freight and passenger trains operating at various speeds on a double track configuration. Basic assumptions on the relative difference in priority between train types lead to drastically different results on the impact of adding higher priority trains. This assumption dictates whether the track in the opposing direction should be used for overtake maneuvers. Also, higher speed differentials between train types can result in higher delays as faster trains catch up to slower trains more quickly. These analyses will help planners improve their understanding of the tradeoff in capacity due to operation of different types of trains at different priorities and speeds.

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"THE IMPACT OF PREEMPTIVE PRIORITY IN GPRS ON TCP PERFORMANCE: A MEASUREMENT STUDY." In Special Session on TCP and MAC Protocols in Wireless and Wired Networks. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0001404804300436.

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Reports on the topic "Impact and priority"

Huq, Aurin. Impact of Covid-19 on Migration in Bangladesh. Institute of Development Studies, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/clear.2022.001.

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This research briefing summarises priority areas for future research and key stakeholders with whom to engage, as identified in the scoping paper "Impact of Covid-19 on Migration in Bangladesh" by Rakib Hossain, Afsana Binte Khaleque and Sakib Mahmood from the BRAC Institute of Governance and Development (BIGD). The scoping paper and this briefing were commissioned for the Covid-19 Learning, Evidence and Research Programme in Bangladesh (CLEAR). CLEAR aims to build a consortium of research partners to deliver policy-relevant research and evidence for Bangladesh to support the Covid-19 response and inform preparation for future shocks.

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Huq, Aurin. Violence Against Women in Bangladesh and the Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic. Institute of Development Studies, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/clear.2022.004.

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This Research Briefing summarises priority areas for future research and key stakeholders with whom to engage, as identified in the scoping paper "Violence Against Women in Bangladesh and the Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic" by Maheen Sultan, Pragyna Mahpara and Fariha Tasnin from the BRAC Institute of Governance and Development (BIGD). The scoping paper and this briefing were commissioned for the Covid-19 Learning, Evidence and Research Programme in Bangladesh (CLEAR). CLEAR aims to build a consortium of research partners to deliver policy-relevant research and evidence for Bangladesh to support the Covid-19 response and inform preparation for future shocks.

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Huq, Aurin. The Impact of Covid-19 on the Education of School Children in Bangladesh. Institute of Development Studies, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/clear.2022.003.

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This Research Briefing summarises priority areas for future research and key stakeholders with whom to engage, as identified in the scoping paper "The Impact of Covid-19 on the Education of Primary and Secondary School Children in Bangladesh" by Marjan Hossain and Dr Khandker Wahedur Rahman from the BRAC Institute of Governance and Development (BIGD). The scoping paper and this briefing were commissioned for the Covid-19 Learning, Evidence and Research Programme in Bangladesh (CLEAR). CLEAR aims to build a consortium of research partners to deliver policy-relevant research and evidence for Bangladesh to support the Covid-19 response and inform preparation for future shocks.

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López Bóo, Florencia, and Nicolás Ajzenman. 10 Lessons About Behavioral Economics for Policy Making in the Social Sector. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008045.

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Behavioral Economics is the science of evaluating psychological, cognitive, emotional, cultural and social factors and their impact on economic decisions. Enhancing our knowledge on Behavioral Sciences and their impact on public policies is a priority. The present document explores this intersection and offers 10 lessons for policy making in the social sector.

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Huq, Aurin. The Impact of Covid-19 on Labour Rights and Working Conditions in Four Selected Sectors. Institute of Development Studies, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/clear.2022.006.

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This research briefing summarises priority areas for future research as well as key stakeholders with whom to engage, as identified in the scoping paper "Impact of Covid-19 on Labour Rights and Working Conditions in Four Selected Sectors" by Mirza M. Hassan, Syeda Salina Aziz, Raeesa Rahemin, Insiya Khan and Rafsanul Hoque from the BRAC Institute of Governance and Development (BIGD). The scoping paper and this briefing were commissioned for the Covid-19 Learning, Evidence and Research Programme in Bangladesh (CLEAR). CLEAR aims to build a consortium of research partners to deliver policy-relevant research and evidence for Bangladesh to support the Covid-19 response and inform preparation for future shocks.

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Al-Qaddo, Syria Mahmoud Ahmad. Shabak Women in the Nineveh Plain: The Impact of Intersectional Discrimination on their Daily Lives. Institute of Development Studies, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/creid.2022.008.

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This CREID Policy Briefing provides recommendations to address the discrimination and marginalisation faced by the Shabak community in the Nineveh Plains in Iraq. Shabak women in Iraq live within a tribal, religious and patriarchal society. Priority is given to men in terms of education, employment, public life, personal freedom and inheritance. This means that, while all Shabak people have suffered from years of conflict and marginalisation as a religious minority group, women and girls face particular forms of intersectional discrimination. Today more Shabak women go to school and university, and participate in political processes, but these developments have not been consistent or comprehensive for all Shabak women.

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Woldeyohanes, Tesfaye, Karl Hughes, Kai Mausch, and Judith Oduol. Adoption of improved grains legumes and dryland cereals crop varieties: A synthesis of evidence. World Agroforestry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp21022.pdf.

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Like other crop improvement programs, a key prerequisite for the CGIAR Research Program on Grain Legumes and Dryland Cereals (CRP GLDC) to generate large-scale impact is large-scale adoption. Hence, evidencing the breadth and depth of such adoption is both of intrinsic interest and important for estimating downstream impacts, such as improved food and nutritional security, income, resilience, and soil health. While various GLDC adoption studies have been undertaken, a recent effort to systematically review these studies and synthesize the results is lacking. We undertook such a review, identifying 69 studies and 35 independent country crop combinations (CCCs). To generate aggregated and updated estimates of GLDC improved varietal adoption, we devised and applied a procedure to estimate national cropping areas under such varieties and, in turn, the number of adopting households. Estimates derived from household surveys and expert opinion solicitation are treated with higher and lower levels of confidence, respectively. As of 2019, we estimate from higher confidence studies that improved GLDC crops were cultivated on 15.37 million hectares of land by 17.64 million households in CRP GLDC’s 13 priority countries. With the inclusion of lower confidence studies, these numbers increase to 32 and 44.64 million, respectively. We are further confident that the program exceeded its adoption target of 8.9 million newly adopting households from 2011, particularly when likely spillovers vis-à-vis non-surveyed areas, non-priority countries, and non-priority crops in priority countries are considered.

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Hernández, Manuel, Máximo Torero, Miguel Robles, César Falconi, and Eduardo Maruyama. A Framework for Sustainable Food Security for Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009050.

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This Technical Note presents a framework for food security in LAC that takes into consideration the key drivers and external factors behind food security. This framework for food security policy interventions will guide policymakers and analysts in answering the following questions: i) Which are the top priority interventions needed to provide a more focused approach to food security aimed specifically at dealing with the issues that are impeding LAC's capacity to reduce the impacts of the food crisis on its population and at helping to solve the food crisis, given the region's comparative advantages in agriculture; ii) What is the net impact of policy interventions across households in the region, taking into consideration environment and climate change, water management, trade liberalization, and domestic food prices; and iii) How does a specific policy intervention compare to other policy interventions with respect to net impact on food security, other positive impacts, and net intervention costs?

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Bailey, Jed, Paola Carvajal, Javier García Fernández, Christiaan Gischler, Carlos Henriquez, and Livia Minoja. Building a More Resilient and Low-Carbon Caribbean - Report 3: Impact of Subsidized Financing to Support Resilient Buildings in the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003854.

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The Caribbean islands are among the 25 most-vulnerable nations in terms of disasters per-capita or land area, and climate change is only expected to intensify these vulnerabilities. The loss caused by climate events drags the ability of the Caribbean countries to invest in infrastructure and social programs, contributing to slower productivity growth, poorer health outcomes, and lower standards of living. Within this context, building resiliency should become a priority for the Caribbean countries. The series “Building a more resilient and low-carbon Caribbean”, focuses on improving the resiliency, sustainability and decarbonization of the construction industry in the Caribbean. The results show that increasing building resiliency is economically viable for the high-risk islands of the Caribbean, generating long term savings and increasing the infrastructure preparedness to the impacts of CC.

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Short, Samuel, Bernhard Strauss, and Pantea Lotfian. Emerging technologies that will impact on the UK Food System. Food Standards Agency, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.srf852.

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Rapid technological innovation is reshaping the UK food system in many ways. FSA needs to stay abreast of these changes and develop regulatory responses to ensure novel technologies do not compromise food safety and public health. This report presents a rapid evidence assessment of the emerging technologies considered most likely to have a material impact on the UK food system and food safety over the coming decade. Six technology fields were identified and their implications for industry, consumers, food safety and the regulatory framework explored. These fields are: Food Production and Processing (indoor farming, 3D food printing, food side and byproduct use, novel non-thermal processing, and novel pesticides); Novel Sources of Protein, such as insects (for human consumption, and animal feedstock); Synthetic Biology (including lab-grown meat and proteins); Genomics Applications along the value chain (for food safety applications, and personal “nutrigenomics”); Novel Packaging (active, smart, biodegradable, edible, and reusable solutions); and, Digital Technologies in the food sector (supporting analysis, decision making and traceability). The report identifies priority areas for regulatory engagement, and three major areas of emerging technology that are likely to have broad impact across the entire food industry. These areas are synthetic biology, novel food packaging technologies, and digital technologies. FSA will need to take a proactive approach to regulation, based on frequent monitoring and rapid feedback, to manage the challenges these technologies present, and balance increasing technological push and commercial pressures with broader human health and sustainability requirements. It is recommended FSA consider expanding in-house expertise and long-term ties with experts in relevant fields to support policymaking. Recognising the convergence of increasingly sophisticated science and technology applications, alongside wider systemic risks to the environment, human health and society, it is recommended that FSA adopt a complex systems perspective to future food safety regulation, including its wider impact on public health. Finally, the increasing pace of technological

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