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Journal articles on the topic 'Immunopsychiatrie'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 November 2024

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1

Pandarakalam, James Paul. "Quantum, Brain, and Immunity Triangle in Mental Health and Neurosciences." NeuroQuantology 19, no. 8 (September 4, 2021): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/nq.2021.19.8.nq21124.

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Immunopsychiatry is a fledgling research field with great potential in the etiological research of psychotic disorders and can turn out to be helpful in finding novel treatment strategies and repurposing existing therapeutic agents. The clinical applications of Neuroquantology complement some of the etiological views of psychotic disorders that are evolving in immunopsychiatry. The pathogenesis of psychotic process may involve an underlying immune disturbance leading to neuro-quantological disorders. The cytokine storm that occurs due to COVID-19 and the resulting neurotoxic effects illustrate how an autoimmune reaction can potentially form psychotic symptoms through the mediation of the brain. Studying the interconnection between neurotransmission and immunity has significant relevance in the etiopathogenesis of psychiatric disorders. Immunopsychiatry alone may not be adequate to explain the development of psychotic symptoms, but Neuroquantology and immunopsychiatry complement each other in this endeavor. An expanded model of the brain–mind consciousness complex is required to understand the intricacies of psychotic symptomatology and contributions from Neuroquantology are highly enrichening. The claims of the practitioners of quantum immunotherapies need further exploration. Quantum-brain and immunity triangle can result in a huge paradigmatic shift in our understanding of psychiatric disorders and the evolving landscape of immunopsychiatry and clinical Neuroquantology warrant further promotion.

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2

Khandaker, G. M., R. Dantzer, and P. B. Jones. "Immunopsychiatry: important facts." Psychological Medicine 47, no. 13 (April 18, 2017): 2229–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291717000745.

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Accumulating evidence indicate a role for the immune system particularly inflammation and autoimmunity in the aetiology of major psychiatric disorders such as depression and schizophrenia. In this paper, we discuss some of the key advances in immunopsychiatry in order to highlight to psychiatrists and other health professionals how an increased understanding of this field might enhance our knowledge of illness mechanism and approaches to treatment. We present a brief overview of clinical research that link inflammation and autoimmunity with depression and psychosis, including potential role of inflammation in treatment response, current evidence for the effectiveness of immune-modulating treatment for depression and psychosis, and possible role of inflammation in common physical comorbidities for these disorders such as coronary heart disease and diabetes mellitus. Gaining a better understanding of the role of immune system could be paradigm changing for psychiatry. We need collaborations between clinicians and scientists to deliver high-quality translational research in order to fully realise the clinical potential of this exciting and rapidly expanding field.

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Pariante, Carmine M. "Psychoneuroimmunology or immunopsychiatry?" Lancet Psychiatry 2, no. 3 (March 2015): 197–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2215-0366(15)00042-5.

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Konsman, Jan. "Inflammation and Depression: A Nervous Plea for Psychiatry to Not Become Immune to Interpretation." Pharmaceuticals 12, no. 1 (February 14, 2019): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph12010029.

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The possibility that inflammation plays a causal role in major depression is an important claim in the emerging field of immunopsychiatry and has generated hope for new treatments. The aims of the present review are first to provide some historical background and to consider the evidence in favor of the claim that inflammation is causally involved in major depression. The second part discusses some of the possibilities allowed for by the use of broad ‘umbrella’ concepts, such as inflammation and stress, in terms of proposing new working hypotheses and potential mechanisms. The third part reviews proposed biomarkers of inflammation and depression and the final part addresses how elements discussed in the preceding sections are used in immunopsychiatry. The ‘umbrella’ concepts of inflammation and stress, as well as insufficiently-met criteria based inferences and reverse inferences are being used to some extent in immunopsychiatry. The field is therefore encouraged to specify concepts and constructs, as well as to consider potential alternative interpretations and explanations for findings obtained. The hope is that pointing out some of the potential problems will allow for a clearer picture of immunopsychiatry’s current strengths and limitations and help the field mature.

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5

Benedetti, Francesco. "Immunopsychiatry after COVID-19." Journal of Affective Disorders Reports 12 (April 2023): 100521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadr.2023.100521.

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de Abreu, Murilo S., Ana C. V. V. Giacomini, Rodrigo Zanandrea, Bruna E. dos Santos, Rafael Genario, Gabriel G. de Oliveira, Ashton J. Friend, Tamara G. Amstislavskaya, and Allan V. Kalueff. "Psychoneuroimmunology and immunopsychiatry of zebrafish." Psychoneuroendocrinology 92 (June 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.03.014.

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7

Halaris, Angelos. "WPA section's status and actual developments in psychiatric immunology/immunopsychiatry perspectives on a new era: Immunopsychiatry." Journal of Affective Disorders Reports 14 (December 2023): 100665. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadr.2023.100665.

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The Lancet Psychiatry. "Mind and antibody: the return of immunopsychiatry." Lancet Psychiatry 2, no. 3 (March 2015): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2215-0366(15)00057-7.

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9

Marques, Frederico Moraes Cardoso, Antônio Egídio Nardi, Antonio L. Teixeira, and Leonardo Caixeta. "Immunopsychiatry: an update on autoimmune encephalitis for neuropsychiatrists." Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics 22, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 155–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14737175.2022.2038136.

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10

Leboyer, Marion, José Oliveira, Ryad Tamouza, and Laurent Groc. "Is it time for immunopsychiatry in psychotic disorders?" Psychopharmacology 233, no. 9 (March 18, 2016): 1651–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00213-016-4266-1.

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11

Al-Diwani, Adam, Toby Pillinger, and Belinda Lennox. "Immunopsychiatry in 2021: premise to promise, and back again." Lancet Psychiatry 9, no. 1 (January 2022): 11–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2215-0366(21)00466-1.

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12

De Picker, L. J. "The future of immunopsychiatry: Three milestones to clinical innovation." Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health 16 (October 2021): 100314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100314.

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13

Horn, Sarah R., Sara J. Weston, and Philip A. Fisher. "Identifying causal role of COVID-19 in immunopsychiatry models." Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 88 (August 2020): 6–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.066.

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14

Benedetti, Francesco, and Benedetta Vai. "New biomarkers in mood disorders: Insights from immunopsychiatry and neuroimaging." European Neuropsychopharmacology 69 (April 2023): 56–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2023.01.003.

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15

Güngör, Ekin S., and Onur Durmaz. "A case of psoriasis following clozapine treatment: Considerations for immunopsychiatry." Indian Journal of Psychiatry 66, no. 4 (April 2024): 407–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_53_24.

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16

Pariante, Carmine M. "The year of immunopsychiatry: A special issue that foresaw the future." Psychoneuroendocrinology 103 (May 2019): 49–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.01.002.

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17

Hansen, Niels. "NMDAR autoantibodies in psychiatric disease - An immunopsychiatric continuum and potential predisposition for disease pathogenesis." Journal of Translational Autoimmunity 5 (2022): 100165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtauto.2022.100165.

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18

Penninx, Brenda W. J. H. "Psychiatric symptoms and cognitive impairment in “Long COVID ”: the relevance of immunopsychiatry." World Psychiatry 20, no. 3 (September 9, 2021): 357–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wps.20913.

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19

Moriarity, Daniel P. "Building a replicable and clinically-impactful immunopsychiatry: Methods, phenotyping, and theory integration." Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health 16 (October 2021): 100288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100288.

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20

De Picker, Livia. "Trauma-informed immunopsychiatry: the moderating role of early life adversity on inflammatory responses." Psychoneuroendocrinology 160 (February 2024): 106727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106727.

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21

Dantzer, Robert. "Can Immunopsychiatry Help in Understanding the Basis of Sex Differences in Major Depressive Disorder?" Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging 4, no. 7 (July 2019): 606–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.04.011.

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22

Hansen, Niels, Kristin Rentzsch, Sina Hirschel, Claudia Bartels, Jens Wiltfang, and Berend Malchow. "Long-Term Course of Neural Autoantibody-Associated Psychiatric Disorders: Retrospective Data from a Specifically Immunopsychiatric Outpatient Clinic." Antibodies 12, no. 2 (May 8, 2023): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antib12020034.

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Background: Autoantibody-associated psychiatric disorders are a new terrain that is currently underrepresented considering immunopsychiatry’s potential importance for therapeutic aspects. The aim of our research was thus to present initial pilot data on the long-term clinical course of our patients in an outpatient clinic specializing in autoantibody-associated psychiatric disorders. Methods: Thirty-seven patients were examined clinically in our outpatient clinic at regular intervals over a 1.5-year period. We collected clinical data on their demographics, psychopathology, and cognition, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) data as well as the status of neural autoantibodies in blood and/or serum. Results: Our main finding was that affective, psychotic, and cognitive symptoms did not change significantly over the 1.5-year period, thus revealing no progression. We divided the entire cohort of autoantibody-positive patients (n = 32) into subgroups consisting of patients with dementia (n = 14), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n = 7), psychotic disorders (n = 6), and a CSF profile of Alzheimer’s disease (n = 6). Relying on established classification schemes, we identified the following percentages in our autoantibody-positive cohort: 28% with autoimmune encephalitis, 15% with autoimmune psychosis, and 63% with autoimmune psychiatric syndromes. Discussion: These initial pilot results suggest that autoantibody-associated diseases do not show a significantly progressive course in the long-term and are often characterized by impaired verbal memory recall when cognitive impairment progresses to dementia. These initial data need to be verified in larger cohorts. We believe that this pilot study underscores the importance of promoting such a specialized outpatient clinic to better characterize various aspects of autoantibody-mediated psychiatric disorders.

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23

Pariante, Carmine M. "Did Spider-Man Work in the NESDA Cohort? In Immunopsychiatry, With Great Power Comes Great Responsibility." Biological Psychiatry 85, no. 10 (May 2019): 787–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.03.980.

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24

Schalbetter, Sina-Maria, Kara Dawson, Flavia Müller, Joseph Scarborough, Ulrike Weber-Stadlbauer, Andranik Ivanov, Daniele Mattei, Juliet Richetto, Tina Notter, and Urs Meyer. "T179. WHEN TOO LITTLE IS TOO MUCH: TEMPORARY PREFRONTAL MICROGLIA DEFICIENCY DURING ADOLESCENCE IMPAIRS ADULT BRAIN FUNCTIONS." Schizophrenia Bulletin 46, Supplement_1 (April 2020): S299—S300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaa029.739.

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Abstract Background Aberrant activity of microglia, the primary innate immune cells of the brain parenchyma, may play a role in the etiology and pathophysiology of schizophrenia and related disorders. While current immunopsychiatric research indicates that microglial hyperactivity may contribute to psychotic illness in some cases, the diametrical opposite (i.e. microglial hypoactivity) may be pathologically and therapeutically relevant for others. The latter hypothesis, however, remains largely unexplored and thus warrants investigation. Methods We aimed at developing a model system in mice, in which the short- and long-term effects of selective, temporary and local depletion of microglia can be studied experimentally. This model system is based on intracerebral injection of clodronate disodium salt (CDS) into selected brain areas of interest. The behavioral and cognitive effects of temporary microglia depletion in the adolescent medial frontal cortex (mPFC) were assessed after full microglia recovery in adulthood. In addition, genome-wide transcriptional profiling was conducted during the peak of microglia depletion and after full microglia recovery in the mPFC. Results We show that a single intracerebral injection of CDS is a suitable and efficient approach to selectively deplete microglia without affecting astrocytes and neurons in-vivo, leading to a robust (~ 80% depletion) but temporary (~ 1 week) microglia deficiency in selected brain areas of interest. Using this model, we further demonstrate that CDS injection into mPFC during late adolescence (6 weeks of age) causes numerous mPFC-related cognitive dysfunctions in adulthood, that is, when microglial cells have been fully restored again. The spectrum of cognitive deficits included impairments in social recognition memory, temporal order memory and extinction of conditioned fear responses. These deficits emerged similarly in male and female animals and were paralleled by a permanent transcriptional dysregulation of genes relevant for synaptic refinement and stability. Intriguingly, CDS injections into the mPFC during early adolescence (4 weeks of age) or adulthood (12 weeks of age) did not induce similar cognitive dysfunctions in adulthood. Discussion Taken together, the present data demonstrate that temporary prefrontal microglia deficiency during adolescence leads to permanent cognitive impairments in adulthood. Our findings further highlight that distinct adolescent stages of cortical maturation show a differing sensitivity towards the long-term cognitive effects of temporary microglia hypoactivity.

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25

Hao, Fengyi, Wanqiu Tan, Li Jiang, Ling Zhang, Xinling Zhao, Yiran Zou, Yirong Hu, et al. "Do psychiatric patients experience more psychiatric symptoms during COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown? A case-control study with service and research implications for immunopsychiatry." Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 87 (July 2020): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.069.

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26

Nicholson, Tim. "Sensorimotor features in Autism." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 94, no. 12 (November 15, 2023): e2.38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2023-bnpa.7.

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Tim Nicholson is a Reader in Neuropsychiatry at the Institute of Psychiatry Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London where he leads the Neuropsychiatry Research and Education Group. He is an Honorary Consultant Neuropsychiatrist at the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust where he currently runs a Long COVID clinic focusing on neuropsychiatric complications.His clinical work and research covers the full spectrum of neuropsychiatry, but with a particular interest in Functional Neurological Disorder (FND) and immunopsychiatry. More recently he has focused on both the acute and chronic neuropsychiatric sequelae of COVID-19 including leading the psychiatry reporting system of the Coronerve surveillance study, the neuropsychiatry working group of the COVID-CNS project and the PC-COS study developing a Core Outcome Set for Long COVID. At the start of the pandemic he set up a weekly JNNP blog to rapidly collate and summarise the rapidly emerging data on the neuropsychiatric complications of COVID that has developed into Neuropsychiatry.net – a dynamic and expanding group of clinicians and scientists of all levels and backgrounds interested in neuropsychiatry research and education specialising in online distributed teamwork producing large and high impact systematic reviews and meta-analyses as well as increasing education activities such as a trainee led online journal club.He also has a particular interest in psychopharmacology and wrote 6 editions of the practical prescribing guide Pocket Prescriber. He co-edits the specialist version of this book (Pocket Prescriber Psychiatry, Rogers et al) produced in collaboration with the British Association of Psychopharmacology, the 2ndedition of which is scheduled to be published later this year. He is on the executive committee of the RCPsych Neuropsychiatry Faculty, the BNPA, Chair of the MSc in Clinical Neuropsychiatry at the IoPPN and a council member of the Fellowship of Postgraduate Medicine.AbstractA wide range of complex sensorimotor features are a common yet relatively overlooked aspect of autistic spectrum disorders (ASD). Most clinical and research attention is understandably on social and cognitive function in ASD. I will give an overview of what we know about these sensorimotor features in terms of the range of clinical features and the potential mechanisms underlying them. I will argue that these features deserve more research attention which could not only lead to a greater understanding and better management of the full range of distressing and disabling symptoms experienced by people with ASD, but also potentially provide insights into both broader brain function and dysfunction and the aetiology and management of disorders with which ASD may overlap and/or commonly co-occur with including functional as well as organic disorders.

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27

"This Issue: Immunopsychiatry." Psychiatric Annals 42, no. 9 (September 1, 2012): 314–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/00485713-20120906-03.

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28

Moriarity, Daniel P., and George M. Slavich. "Toward a dynamic immunopsychiatry." Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, February 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2024.02.011.

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29

Hansen, Niels. "Immunopsychiatry – Innovative Technology to Characterize Disease Activity in Autoantibody-Associated Psychiatric Diseases." Frontiers in Immunology 13 (May 23, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.867229.

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Background Anti-neural autoantibody-associated psychiatric disease is a novel field in immunopsychiatry that has been attracting attention thanks to its potentially positive therapeutic outcome and distinct prognosis compared with non-organic psychiatric disease. This review aims to describe recent novel technological developments for improving diagnostics in the field of autoantibody-related psychiatric disease.MethodsWe screened for relevant articles in PubMed for this narrative article. We focused on research methods such as neuroimaging, immune cells and inflammation markers, and molecular biomarkers in human biofluids like serum and cerebrospinal fluid and plasma proteomics.ResultsWe introduce several novel methods for investigating autoinflammation with the aim of optimizing therapies for autoantibody-associated psychiatric disease. We describe measuring the translocator protein 18kDa in activated microglia via positron emission tomography imaging, brain volumetric assessment, flow cell cytometry of cerebrospinal fluid and blood, and blood biological probes as well as psychopathological cues to help us gain insights into diagnosing inflammation and brain damage better in psychiatric patients presenting a suspected autoimmune etiology.ConclusionOur short methodological review provides an overview of recent developments in the field of autoantibody-related immunopsychiatry. More research is needed to prove their usefulness in diagnosing and treating autoantibody-associated psychiatric disease and its subtypes.

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30

Cunningham, Janet L., Gunnel Nordmark, David Fällmar, Simon Cervenka, Maike Gallwitz, Roland Säll, Peter T. Schmidt, et al. "Experiences in Implementing Immunopsychiatry in Real Life." Journal of Affective Disorders Reports, May 2023, 100597. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadr.2023.100597.

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31

Pandarakalam, James Paul. ""Certain Immunity Challenges of Covid-19; Neurotoxic Effects and Immunopsychiatry"." Gerontology & Geriatrics Studies 6, no. 5 (May 11, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.31031/ggs.2021.06.000650.

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32

Pandarakalam, James Paul. "Certain Immunity Challenges of Covid-19; Neurotoxic Effects and Immunopsychiatry." Gerontology & Geriatrics Studies 7, no. 1 (May 25, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.31031/ggs.2021.07.000651.

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33

Moriarity, Daniel P., and George M. Slavich. "The future is dynamic: A call for intensive longitudinal data in immunopsychiatry." Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2023.06.002.

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De Picker, Livia J., and Benno C. M. Haarman. "Applicability, potential and limitations of TSPO PET imaging as a clinical immunopsychiatry biomarker." European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, March 18, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00259-021-05308-0.

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35

von Mücke-Heim, Iven-Alex, and Jan M. Deussing. "The P2X7 receptor in mood disorders: Emerging target in immunopsychiatry, from bench to bedside." Neuropharmacology, December 2022, 109366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109366.

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36

Pandarakalam, James, and James Pandarakalam. "Analysis of an Epidemiological Anomaly of COVID-19: Transcultural and Immunological Psychiatry." Clinical Microbiology and Research, February 10, 2021, 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/j.cmr.2021.01.01.

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Evidence exists for an epidemiological trend of transmission concentrations of COVID-19 within migrant communities from tropical weather conditions. Minority groups are over-represented in hospitalisations and deaths from the virus, and it appears that the observed anomaly may be due to multifactorial causes. Underactive immune responses in cooler temperatures and diminished synthesis of vitamin D, both of which are associated with genetic factors among ethnic minority groups, could help to explain the higher incidence of COVID-19 among ethnic minority communities. Neither factor is specific to a migrant community but common to general populations. The overstatement of contributory genetic factors runs the risk of racial stigmatisation. If environmental factors are given their due importance, individuals belonging to ethnic minorities may try to adopt new ways to combat the pandemic, while overemphasising racial factors would only leave them helpless. The renewed interest of psychiatrists in immunology would support the emerging field of immunopsychiatry. COVID-19 is environmentally sensitive, and all medical specialities, including the mental health profession, should contribute their wisdom to defeating or making a truce with the viral phenomenon.

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37

Moriarity, Daniel P., Summer Mengelkoch, and George M. Slavich. "Incorporating causal inference perspectives into psychoneuroimmunology: A simulation study highlighting concerns about controlling for adiposity in immunopsychiatry." Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2023.06.022.

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38

Jones, Brett D. M., Zafiris J. Daskalakis, Andre F. Carvalho, Rebecca Strawbridge, Allan H. Young, Benoit H. Mulsant, and M. Ishrat Husain. "Inflammation as a treatment target in mood disorders: review." BJPsych Open 6, no. 4 (June 5, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2020.43.

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Background Mood disorders, i.e. major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorders, are leading sources of disability worldwide. Currently available treatments do not yield remission in approximately a third of patients with a mood disorder. This is in part because these treatments do not target a specific core pathology underlying these heterogeneous disorders. In recent years, abnormal inflammatory processes have been identified as putative pathophysiological mechanisms and treatment targets in mood disorders, particularly among individuals with treatment-resistant conditions. Aims In this selective review, we aimed to summarise recent advances in the field of immunopsychiatry, including emerging pathophysiological models and findings from treatment ttrials of immunomodulatory agents for both MDD and bipolar disorders. Method We performed a literature review by searching Medline for clinical trials of immunomodulating agents as monotherapy or adjunctive treatments in MDD and bipolar disorders. Included studies are randomised controlled trials (RCTs), cluster RCTs or cross-over trials of immunomodulating agents that had an active comparator or a placebo-arm. Results Current evidence shows an association between inflammation and mood symptoms. However, there is conflicting evidence on whether this link is causal. Conclusions Future studies should focus on identifying specific neurobiological underpinnings for the putative causal association between an activated inflammatory response and mood disorders. Results of these studies are needed before further treatment trials of immunomodulatory agents can be justified.

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Melamed, Isaac, Shamma Rahman, Heather Pein, Melinda Heffron, Jennifer Frankovich, Huub Kreuwel, and Elizabeth D. Mellins. "IVIG response in pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome correlates with reduction in pro-inflammatory monocytes and neuropsychiatric measures." Frontiers in Immunology 15 (October 3, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1383973.

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IntroductionPediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS) is characterized by abrupt onset of obsessive-compulsive disorder or eating restriction along with the abrupt onset of other co-occurring symptoms (tics, behavioral and cognitive regression, etc.). PANS is thought to be a post-infectious immunopsychiatric disorder, although as with most post-infectious disorders, it is challenging to establish a causal relationship with proposed infectious triggers. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) can modulate inflammation and support the elimination of infection and has been used for treatment of many post-infectious inflammatory disorders and autoimmune conditions. The aim of the study is to explore the pro-inflammatory state in PANS before and after administration of IVIG.MethodsChildren with moderate-to-severe PANS received six infusions of IVIG (Octagam 5%, Octapharma) every 3 weeks with post treatment follow-up. Blood samples and psychiatric measures were obtained at Visits 1 (pre-treatment), 7 and 8 (4 and 11 weeks after last infusion, respectively). Myeloid cell activation was assessed via flow cytometry.ResultsAll ten patients included in the study were male, White, with mean age 12.4 years (range 6–16). Statistically significant improvements following IVIG treatment were demonstrated in all psychometric assessments and parent questionnaires including CY-BOCS (obsessive compulsive scale), YGTSS (tic scale) and a parent PANS rating scale (for all scales p<0.001). The fraction of pro-inflammatory monocytes and dendritic cells decreased from pre-IVIG treatment levels. The proportional reductions were not compensated by increases in total white blood cells; pro-inflammatory monocytes post-IVIG were decreased as a proportion of CD14+ myeloid cells and in absolute number.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that active PANS is associated with a pro-inflammatory state. This pro-inflammatory profile and psychometric scores improved following IVIG treatment. Future work will aim to further elucidate the roles of innate and adaptive immune responses in PANS and the regulatory mechanism(s) of IVIG in PANS treatment.

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Mac Giollabhui, N., S. Foster, C. A. Lowry, D. Mischoulon, C. Raison, and M. Nyer. "Interleukin-6 receptor antagonists in immunopsychiatry: can they lead to increased interleukin-6 in the central nervous system (CNS) and worsening psychiatric symptoms?" Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2022.04.009.

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41

Da Cruz Morais, Lidiane, and Ana Karolina Marques Moriel Tavares. "Letter to editor about the article “Do psychiatric patients experience more psychiatric symptoms during COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown? A case-control study with service and research implications for immunopsychiatry” (Hao et al., 2020)." Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.12.015.

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