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Journal articles on the topic 'Immunopharmacological evaluation of Leaf'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 18 May 2024

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1

ElSheikh, Sawsan, Abd elAlim Abd-elAlim, Mohamed Moursi, Eman Ahmed, and Mohamed Helal. "Immunopharmacological Evaluation of Synbiotics and Enramycin in Broilers." Zagazig Veterinary Journal 47, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/zvjz.2019.6202.1015.

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2

Avoni, Ayyappa, Sravanthi Vemireddy, Shainy Sambyal, Syed Shafi, Imran Khan, Aarif Khan, and Halmuthur M. Sampath Kumar. "Synthesis and immunopharmacological evaluation of novel TLR7 agonistic triazole tethered imidazoquinolines." RSC Advances 13, no. 2 (2023): 1066–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ra06395f.

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3

Gmoshinsky, Ivan V., S. A. Khotimchenko, N. A. Riger, and D. B. Nikityuk. "Carbon nanotubes: mechanisms of the action, biological markers and evaluation of the (review of literature)." Hygiene and sanitation 96, no. 2 (March 27, 2019): 176–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2017-96-2-176-186.

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The article contains the review and analysis of data on the mechanisms of the toxic action of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the body and available results of CNT toxicological evaluation after inhalation and oral routes of the action. Identification of cellular and molecular mechanisms of CNTs toxicity allows to justify the list of the most sensitive biochemical toxicity markers that could be used for monitoring the occupational effects of CNTs and serve as a promising target for the corresponding pharmacological and immunopharmacological interventions aimed on specific prophylaxis and therapy of diseases caused by CNT. A considerable amount of experimental data obtained in vivo on inhalation animal models allows to establish the hygienic standardfor CNT in the air of the working area. As to safe levels of the oral route of CNT it needs further study for their reliable assessment. The search and selection of sources for the review was executed with the use of public databases, including (in order of relevance) PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and RISC, for the period from 2004 to 2017.

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4

Arisutha, S., P. Baredar, D. M. Deshpande, and S. Suresh. "Evaluation of Methane from Sisal Leaf Residue and Palash Leaf Litter." Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series E 95, no. 2 (November 30, 2014): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40034-014-0045-x.

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5

Bharathi, RajkishoreVijaya, Dharamaraj Padmavathi, and Lakshmi Susheela. "Pharmacognostical evaluation of Barringtonia acutangula leaf." International Journal of Ayurveda Research 2, no. 1 (2011): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0974-7788.83189.

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6

Clarke, C. K., and G. E. Borowski. "Evaluation of a leaf spring failure." Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention 5, no. 6 (December 2005): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1361/154770205x76303.

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7

Ankad, Gireesh M., Sandeep R. Pai, Vinayak Upadhya, Pramod J. Hurkadale, and Harsha V. Hegde. "Pharmacognostic evaluation of Achyranthes coynei: Leaf." Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 2, no. 1 (March 2015): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbas.2014.12.002.

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8

Burg, Patrik, and Pavel Zemánek. "The evaluation of leaf area by the grapewine." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 57, no. 5 (2009): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200957050065.

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The contribution deals with leaf area assesment of 9 grapevine varieties. The measurements were carried out by means of Leaf Area Metr CI-202 (scanner type). The results show, that the size of leaf area per vine is as foolow: 1,16–2,09 m2 during the prolongation growth stage, 1,49–3,20 m2 during flowering and 1,99–3,30 m2 during bunch and cane ripening. The quickest growth of leaf area is during phenological stage of flowering. The varieties Hibernal, Müller Thurgau, Sauvignon blanc, Saint Laurent, Zweigeltrebe have adequate proportion of leaf area and carry-over. On the contrary the varieties Ranfol bianco, Petit Riesling, André, Limberger have smaller leaf area. The results show option of applied working operations (defoliation, bunch thinning) at veraison.

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9

Kumawat, Bhupendra K., Devendra S. Rathore, Mahesh K. Gupta, and Tarachand . "Microscopical evaluation of leaf of Maytenus emarginata." Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research 4, no. 01 (March 31, 2016): 07–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.30750/ijpbr.4.1.2.

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Microscopical investigation was carried out on leaves of Maytenus emarginata (Willd.) Ding Hou belongs to family celastraceae, is an evergreen tree that tolerates various types of stresses of the desert, locally known as “Kankero” in Hindi, “Thorny staff tree” in English. Literature survey revealed that not much work has been done on this plant, especially on leaves. So we have taken its detailed microscopical studies to prove its appropriate identification. Microscopical study provide information that the lamina is dorsiventaral and 380µm thick. The Lamina is amphistomatic, the stomata being distributed both on the adaxial and abaxial sides. Calcium oxalate crystals of druses are fairly abundant in the mesophyll tissue. The stomata are cyclocytic type. The venation is densely reticulate. The terminations are either simple or more commonly forked into deuse clusters. Powder Microscopy show that the sclereids are fiber like in shape and size. The sclereids are 500 µm long and 30 µm thick. Long or short, cylindrical mesophyll cells are common with powder. They have dense tannin contents. The cells have thin wall and the cells are up to 200 µm long and 60 µm wide. Calciumoxlate druses are quite abundant in the power. They are spherical bodies with spiny surface. The druses are 30 µm in diameters. The above studies provide useful information in regard to its correct identity, evaluation and help to differentiate from the closely related other species of Maytenus Emarginata (Willd.)Ding Hou.

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10

Committee for Characteristics and D. "Evaluation on dynamic properties of leaf springs." Transactions of Japan Society of Spring Engineers, no. 35 (1990): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5346/trbane.1990.54.

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11

Yadav, Pramod, CR Harisha, and PK Prajapati. "Pharmacognostical and physicochemical evaluation of Agasti leaf." International Journal of Ayurveda Research 1, no. 4 (2010): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0974-7788.76787.

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12

WATANABE, Tadakazu, and Isamu YAMAGUCHI. "Evaluation of Wettability of Plant Leaf Surfaces." Journal of Pesticide Science 16, no. 3 (1991): 491–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.16.491.

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13

Chanda, Sumitra, Yogeshkumar Vaghasiya, and Rathish Nair. "Antibacterial evaluation ofSapindus emarginatusVahl leaf inin-vitroconditions." International Journal of Green Pharmacy 3, no. 2 (2009): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0973-8258.54913.

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14

Kumar, Dinesh, Jyoti Gupta, Sunil Kumar, Renu Arya, Tarun Kumar, and Ankit Gupta. "Pharmacognostic evaluation of Cayratia trifolia (Linn.) leaf." Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2, no. 1 (January 2012): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2221-1691(11)60180-9.

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15

Moore, M. T., R. E. Lizotte, and S. Smith. "Toxicity Evaluation of Diazinon Contaminated Leaf Litter." Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 78, no. 2 (February 2007): 168–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00128-007-9032-y.

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16

Sharma, Meenakshi, and SB Sharma. "Antioxidant evaluation of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts." International Journal of Biology Sciences 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 22–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33545/26649926.2020.v2.i1a.19.

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17

Prasad, N. V. V. S. Durga, S. L. Bhattiprolu, and V. Chenga Reddy. "Field Evaluation of Bt. Cotton Hybrids Against Leaf Hoppers and Alternaria Leaf Spot." International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 8, no. 4 (August 7, 2017): 561–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/ijbsm/2017.8.4.1700.

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18

Mostofi Sarkari, Mohammad Reza. "Modification and Performance Evaluation of Date Palm Leaf and Leaf-end Pruning Machine." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 1, no. 4 (July 27, 2018): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2016.1.4.179.

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Modification of date palm leaf and leaf-end pruning machine was carried out according to the following aspects: Considering the conventional pruning method, Geometric dimension of the usual garden tool (sickle) or local named Acfea, Morphological form of date palm tree, Designed machine dimension.In this study, the main aims were focused on: Agronomical specifications, - machine net weight, - on farm operation, - application efficiency. To design and develop this machine, a lightweight Hydro-motor as well as proper size frame, handle, proper, hydraulic control valve and a disk-type cutting blade were used. The machine is able to pruning the leaves and leaves-end with depth of up to 10 cm. In general, two changes were considered for on farm application: as a part of date palm service machine and /or a self-operating machine.In the first phase, because of the lack of enough space for bucket of machine to reach the date palm trunk, pruning operation can be perform from a distance from 1 to 2 meter from the main tree trunk; therefore, the designed machine was equipped with a 3-meter length boom so it can be controlled from the lifting cabin. In the second phase, for the trees that are not higher than 4 meters, the machine can be used as a self-operating machine by ladder.The machine was equipped with a short and convenient handle, which will help the pruner to reach the tree trunk for pruning the leaves and leaves’ end.The prototype pruning machine was installed to the tractor MF-285 and site conditions to test and evaluate performs the machine technical and ergonomically parameters was successful. Field operation of tractor mounted leaf and leaf-end pruning machine was performed in Date Palm and Tropical Fruits Research Institute. 95% of the confidence interval of pruning leaf and leaf-end were achieved between 8 to 14 s and 10 to 19 s, respectively. The total pruning time was gained between 9.9 to 13.8 min for each tree.

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19

Sakurai, Kazuhiko. "Leaf Size Recognition and Evaluation of Some Attelabid Weevils (2) Apoderus Balteatus." Behaviour 106, no. 3-4 (1988): 301–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853988x00304.

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AbstractA leaf choice experiment was conducted and the behaviour of the female weevil was observed before she commenced cutting. The female always performed a sequence of stereotype behaviours preceding cutting. The results of this study indicate that the female firstly decides the number of eggs to be laid in the cradle and then starts looking for a leaf suitable for that number of eggs. While the female is making a cradle, she measures and perceives for different purposes three different distances on the leaf (or something that represents each of them: 1) the length of the whole leaf, i.e. the criterion of adequacy of a leaf for a cradle, 2) the leaf width, i.e. the criterion of adequacy of a leaf for a two-egg cradle, and 3) about 1 cm along the main vein from the leaf base, i. e. the determinant of the cutting site. These three are probably measured while the female is performing the stereotype walking. Measuring both leaf length and leaf width amounts to predicting the shape and the size of the cradle.

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20

Mhanna, M. A. "Evaluation of new mathematical models for estimation of single olive leaves area." Agricultural Science and Technology 12, no. 2 (June 2020): 144–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/ast.2020.02.024.

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Abstract. The study was conducted on “Khoderi” olive cultivar planted in Jableh Region-Latakia province, Syria in 2017 in order to evaluate some mathematical models adapted for olive single leaf area estimation. Leaf samples were taken from the middle of one-year branches. Actual areas of the leaves were measured using Adobe Photoshop CS5. Leaf dimensions (length and width) were measured accurately. Coefficients of determination were estimated for the relation between leaf dimensions and the actual area. The best coefficient of determination was between the natural logarithm of the product (leaf length × leaf width) and the natural logarithm of leaf area (R2= 0.962). Linear regression equation of the mentioned relation was fitted and evaluated. The accuracy of the new model (A=e0.9509ln LW – 0.2867) was compared to other models commonly used for olive single leaf area estimation. The comparison showed no significant differences between leaf area obtained by the new model and the actual leaf area values (p=0.01), whereas significant differences were found for the other models. The new model showed the lowest Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and high efficiency in estimating olive leaf area of “Khoderi” cultivar in two different environments; the same results were obtained for olive cultivar “Picholine” the French. We recommend the new model for olive single leaf area estimation.

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21

Aim, Steven R., and Roger N. Williams. "Insecticide Evaluation for Popillia Japonica Control on Grapes, 1987." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 13, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/13.1.66.

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Abstract Test insecticides were applied to 21-yr-old Concord grapevines planted 2.7 by 2.4 m. A randomized complete block experimental design with 4 replicates (2 vines/replicate) was used for evaluation. Applications were made on 10 and 26 Jun and 3 Aug with a hand-held C02 sprayer and a 9505-E-TeeJet nozzle at 45 psi (3.2 kg/cm2). Japanese beetle damage to leaves was evaluated by rating 20 leaves per replicate. Ratings were as follows: 1, no damage; 2, <50% of leaf area marked by feeding; 3, >50% of leaf area marked by feeding; 4, >50% of leaf area marked by feeding plus <50% of leaf area totally removed; and 5, >50% of leaf area totally removed.

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22

Izekor, Ehiorobo, and James O. Garner. "208 Physiological and Anatomical Evaluation of Chilling-tolerant Sweetpotato Genotypes." HortScience 35, no. 3 (June 2000): 427A—427. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.427a.

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Selected physiological and anatomical characteristics of four chilling-tolerant sweetpotato genotypes were evaluated. Although the genotypes were considered highly tolerant to chilling, it was proposed that differences in their mechanism for tolerance existed. A genotype temperature interaction for chlorophyll fluorescence ratio was observed when the plants were exposed to 5 °C. Genotype differences were found for electrolyte leakage and peroxidase activity. There were no differences found for fatty acid percentage composition of the glycolipid or the phospholipid fraction from leaf samples. There were no differences in diffusive resistance and transpiration rate among the genotypes; however, stomata density, leaf shrinkage, and specific leaf weight differed among the genotypes. Differences were also found among the genotypes for percent leaf dry weight, leaf thickness, and cellular structure of the leaf. It was concluded that the basis or mechanism for chilling tolerance was not the same for the four genotypes tested; therefore, combining traits for tolerance could lead to higher tolerance levels.

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23

Podgaetskiy, M. A., and S. N. Evdokimenko. "Evaluation of raspberry drought tolerance." Horticulture and viticulture, no. 2 (May 6, 2024): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31676/0235-2591-2024-2-13-21.

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Physiological parameters of drought tolerance of fi ve raspberry varieties (‘Meteor’, ‘Gusar’, ‘Lavina’, ‘Patricija’, and ‘Ulyabka’) and seven selected raspberry forms (4-122-2, 6-125-3, 1-76-1, 6-125-4, 2-83-21, 1-76-25, 2-90-3) were investigated. Experiments were conducted in 2022–2023 at the Kokinsky experimental station of the Federal Horticultural Center for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery (Bryansk Oblast) and at the Center for Collective Use of Bryansk State Agrarian University. Drought tolerance was assessed based on the indices of total leaf water content, water defi cit, and water-retaining capacity in the phenophases of budding (May) and fruiting (July). The analysis showed that within one vegetation period, the total leaf water content and water-retaining capacity decreased from the phase of budding to that of fruiting, compared to water defi cit, which showed an inverse trend. The water-retaining capacity of the studied varieties was found to be higher in a drier season than in a moderatelyhumid year. A signifi cant variability among genotypes was observed in terms of water regime. During the fruiting phase, the total leaf water content decreased to an average level in all the studied genotypes (less than 70.0 %), except for the ‘Gusar’ and ‘Lavina’ varieties which demonstrated lower levels (less than 60.0 %). Forms outperforming in a number of leaf water regime parameters were identifi ed. Thus, the ‘Meteor’ variety, although showing high values of water content in the budding phenophase, was characterized by low water losses after 6-hour wilting (less than 30.0 %) and a leaf water defi cit (less than 10.0 %). Water defi cit in the ‘Ulyabka’ variety, as well as 6-125-4 and 2-90-3 selected forms, exceeded 10.0 % in the fruiting phenophase, corresponding to the average level of drought tolerance. The 2-83-21 form showed a reduced water-retaining capacity in the fruiting phenophase (water losses exceeded 30.0 %).

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24

Shi, Huajin, Jian Zhong, Yilin Liang, Peng Zhang, Liuyu Guo, Chen Wang, Yuchao Tang, Yufan Lu, and Ming Sun. "Aphid Resistance Evaluation and Constitutive Resistance Analysis of Eighteen Lilies." Insects 14, no. 12 (December 8, 2023): 936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects14120936.

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Lilies (Lilium spp.) are famous bulb flowers worldwide, with high ornamental value. Aphid damage has seriously constrained the development of the lily industry. In this study, the aphid resistance of 16 lily cultivars and 2 wild lily species was characterized in the field and greenhouse. Leaf color parameters, stomatal density and size, thickness of leaf layers, leaf waxy content, and leaf water content were determined to explore the constitutive resistance of lilies. The results show that there was a significant positive correlation between the number of aphids in the field and in the greenhouse (p ≤ 0.05, r = 0.47). This indicated that the level of aphid infestation in both the field and the greenhouse is generally consistent across different types of lily plants. Among these 18 lilies, ‘Palazzo’, ‘Nymph’, ‘Cameleon’ and L. lancifolium were resistant to A. gossypii, while ‘Black Beauty’ and ‘Magnefique’ had poor resistance. The correlation analysis results showed that the number of aphids was negatively correlated with leaf abaxial surface a*, stomatal size, water content, and thickness of leaf palisade tissue and positively correlated with leaf distal axial surface b*, C*, and waxy content. Among them, the correlation between the number of aphids and the thickness of leaf palisade tissue reached a significant level (p ≤ 0.05, r = −0.521). This indicated that the thickness of the palisade tissue of lily leaves might be an important factor influencing the proliferation of aphids. This study not only screened out aphid-resistant lilies but also established a crucial research foundation for the targeted breeding and molecular breeding of lilies with aphid resistance.

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25

Bhat, Mohammad Rafiq, S. Manimegalai, V. Ulaganathan, P. Mangammal, p. Priyadharshini, and P. Radha. "Evaluation of mulberry (Morus sp) accessions for morphological, growth and yield traits." Agriculture Association of Textile Chemical and Critical Reviews Journal 11, no. 3 (May 2023): 328–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.58321/aatccreview.2023.11.03.328.

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Evaluation of forty mulberry accessions for morphological, growth and yield parameters was carried out during the year 2021-2022 at the Department of Sericulture, Forest College and Research Institute, Mettupalayam.Qualitative traits such as growth nature, leaf surface, leaf lobation, leaf color and leaf wrinkles showed distinct variations in the present study. Among the forty accessions, the highest number of shoots/ plant was recorded in MI-0845 (27.40) and the highest shoot length was recorded in ME-0247 (230.70cm).The highest Internodal length was recorded in MI-0715 (8.39cm), the maximum number of leaves per plant was recorded in MI- 0145 (584.00) and the maximum leaf area was recorded in MI-0477 (321.51cm 2 ). Specific leaf area was maximum in MI-0615 (282.50 cm 2 /g) and a maximum number of leaves per branch were recorded in MI-0817 (55.80). The maximum 100 leaf weight was recorded in MI-0828 (673.40g) and leaf dry weight was significantly high in MI-0477 (88.71 g/plant). Phenotypic correlation between a number of shoots per plant showed a significantly positive correlation with specific leaf area and number of leaves per plant. Shoot length exhibited a significantly positive correlation with internodal length, number of leaves per plant had significantly positive correlation with specific leaf area. A significant and positive correlation between growth and yield traits can be utilized for mulberry leaf yield improvement. Based on the cluster analysis, 40 mulberry accessions were grouped into seven clusters. Among the clusters, cluster I and V exhibited maximum variability. The variability existing in the forty mulberry accessions provides opportunities for breeders to select specific donors for genetic improvement.

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26

Sulthana, ShaikAyesha, SriSrinivas Maloo, and Vellanki Bhasker. "FORMULATION AND QUALITY EVALUATION OF COOKIES FROM DRUMSTICK LEAF POWDER AND CAULIFLOWER LEAF POWDER." International Journal of Advanced Research 6, no. 4 (April 30, 2018): 168–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/6841.

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27

MASUDA, Kaito, Tomoya UI, Ayumi HIRAOKA, Hiroshi NAKASHIMA, Juro MIYASAKA, Katsuaki OHDOI, and Ryozo NOGUCHI. "Evaluation of Leaf Contours of the Leaf Lettuce “Greenwave” Using an Elliptic Fourier Descriptor." Environment Control in Biology 61, no. 2 (April 1, 2023): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2525/ecb.61.17.

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28

Sreedevi, P., K. Vijayalakshmi, and R. Venkateswari. "PHYTOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF PUNICA GRANATUM L. LEAF EXTRACT." International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research 9, no. 4 (July 14, 2017): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2017v9i4.1159.

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Objective: This study was conducted to assess the phytochemical constituents in Punica granatum L. Leaf extracts (PGLE) using standard methods.Methods: The leaf powder was extracted using solvents namely aqueous, hydroalcohol, ethanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane. Qualitative and Quantitative phytochemical screenings of PGLE were assessed by standard methods.Results: All the leaf extracts were positive for a wide range of bio-active compounds except n-hexane. The result has showed that the maximum amount of total phenols (394.16 mg/g DW of extract), total tannins (210.5 mg/g DW of extract), flavanoids (147.4 mg/g DW of extract) and total triterpenoids (112 mg/g DW of extract) were noted in ethanolic extract of P. granatum leaf (EPGL). The biological assay revealed that relevant amount of carbohydrate, protein, lipid and alkaloid in EPGL.Conclusion: The findings of this study concluded that the EPGL had potential bioactive substances that may be used as pharmaceutical ingredients for formulation of new or prospective potent drug to cure wide range of metabolic diseases.

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29

Reshi, Nissar Ahmad, Sudarahana Mysore Shankarsingh, and Girish Hodiyala Vasanaika. "EVALUATION OF HEPATOPROTECTIVE POTENTIAL OF LEAF AND LEAF CALLUS EXTRACTS OF ANISOCHILUS CARNOSUS (L) WALL." International Journal of Phytomedicine 10, no. 3 (November 19, 2018): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.5138/09750185.2143.

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<p>The study was carried out to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of leaf and leaf callus extracts of <em>Anisochilus carnosus</em> (L) Wall. against alcohol induced toxicity using HepG2 cell line. Leaf explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog solid medium supplemented with different growth regulators. Prior to the determination of hepatoprotective property leaf and leaf callus extracts were subjected to the toxic dose study. The degree of hepatoprotection of extracts was determined by measuring cell viability percentage by MTT assay. The preliminary phytochemical analysis of leaf and leaf callus was carried out by qualitative analysis. Maximum percentage of callus formation (98%) was obtained in MS medium fortified with 3 mg/l 2,4-D. HepG2 cells were pretreated with the different concentrations (below toxic dose) of leaf and leaf callus extracts for 72 hours followed by alcohol intoxication. Results revealed that ethanolic leaf extract pretreated HepG2 cells show 94% cell viability compared to the standard silymarin pretreated HepG2 cells which showed 81% cell viability. Leaf callus extracts also exhibited significant hepatoprotective activity where ethanolic callus extract pretreated HepG2 cells showed 86% viability after intoxication with alcohol. Results revealed that HepG2 cell viability percentage is dose dependent. Phytochemical studies revealed the presence of different secondary metabolites in leaf and leaf callus extracts. The bio-efficacy study confirms the presence of secondary metabolites of hepatoprotective nature in leaf and leaf callus of <em>A. carnosus.</em></p>

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30

Boyhan, George E., Reid L. Torrance, Ronald H. Blackley, M. Jefferson Cook, and C. Randell Hill. "EVALUATION OF FERTILITY PRACTICES FOR VIDALIA ONIONS." HortScience 40, no. 3 (June 2005): 885e—886. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.3.885e.

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Fertilizer rates of N, P, K were evaluated over 4 years (2000–03) as were different sources of experimental and commercial fertilizers. The highest total yields and yields of jumbos (≥7.6 cm) occurred with nitrogen rates of 140–168 kg·ha–1. Neither phosphorus nor potassium rates had an affect on total yield. Phosphorus rates of 0-147 kg·ha–1 and potassium rates of 0–177 kg·ha–1 were evaluated. Increasing nitrogen fertilizer resulted in increasing leaf tissue nitrogen, but did not affect P, K, Ca, or S. Increasing phosphorus fertilizer increased leaf tissue phosphorus only slightly (p = 0.060) with no affect on other leaf nutrient levels. Increasing potassium fertilizer did affect leaf tissue potassium 2 out of 4 years with none of the other leaf nutrient levels affected. Several fertilizers were also evaluated including an experimental fortified peat (10%N), calcium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, diammonium phosphate, 5–10–15 (56 kg·ha–1 N), 18-6-8 liquid, 14–0–12 8%S liquid, 19–8–19 slow-release at rates of 140 and 168 kg·ha–1 nitrogen. All were used to supply 168 kg·ha–1 nitrogen unless noted otherwise. P and K were supplied according to soil test recommendations unless they were part of the fertilizer formulation. There were no differences between the different fertilizer sources for total yield and differences in jumbo yields only occurred one year out of three years of testing and for medium (≥5.1 and <7.6 cm) yields there were differences two years out of three years of testing.

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31

Patel, Mariyan R., Hiteksha S. Panchal, and Ajay K. Saluja. "PHARMACOGNOSTIC AND PHYTOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF CARYOTA URENS LEAF." International Research Journal of Pharmacy 6, no. 10 (October 20, 2015): 736–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2230-8407.0610143.

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32

ratna, Naga, C. T. Ramachandra, Ambrish Ganachari, R. S. Roopa, Sunil Shirwal, and M. P. Amitkumar. "Performance Evaluation of Aloe vera Leaf Slicing Machine." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 6, no. 8 (August 10, 2017): 3754–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.608.453.

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33

Acharya, Rabinarayan, RidhhishH Padiya, CR Harisha, EshaD Patel, and VinayJ Shukla. "Microbial evaluation of Limnophila rugosa Roth. (Merr) leaf." AYU (An International Quarterly Journal of Research in Ayurveda) 35, no. 2 (2014): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0974-8520.146259.

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Krishnan, N., S. Ramanathan, S. Sasidharan, V. Murugaiyah, and S. M. Mansor. "Antimicrobial Activity Evaluation of Cassia spectabilis Leaf Extracts." International Journal of Pharmacology 6, no. 4 (June 15, 2010): 510–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijp.2010.510.514.

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KUMAR, SHRAWAN, M. R. DABBAS, and PRITI TIWARI. "Evaluation chemicals against cercospora leaf spot of okra." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT PROTECTION 8, no. 2 (October 15, 2015): 384–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijpp/8.2/384-388.

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Baranov, S. G., I. E. Zykov, D. D. Kuznetsova, A. M. Antsyshkina, and L. V. Fedorova. "Evaluation of shape and asymmetry in rye leaf." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 548 (September 2, 2020): 032001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/548/3/032001.

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Mmbaga, Margaret T., Mee-Sook Kim, Lucas Mackasmiel, and Yonghao Li. "Evaluation ofHydrangea macrophyllafor Resistance to Leaf-Spot Diseases." Journal of Phytopathology 160, no. 2 (December 10, 2011): 88–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.2011.01862.x.

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38

Sakina, M. R., P. C. Dandiya, M. E. Hamdard, and A. Hameed. "Preliminary psychopharmacological evaluation of Ocimum sanctum leaf extract." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 28, no. 2 (February 1990): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(90)90023-m.

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39

Li, Shang-Hui, Pei Hi Zheng, I. Chih Chiang, Yu Ting Su, Syue Sheng Lin, and Chen-Zong Ho. "The Development and Evaluation of Fig Leaf Syrup." Proceedings of International Conference on Artificial Life and Robotics 25 (January 13, 2020): 357–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5954/icarob.2020.pos7-1.

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Tamás, János, József Zsembeli, and Péter Riczu. "Evaluation of water balance in apple and pear trees." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. I (October 5, 2010): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/i/8421.

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A significant proportion of the aboveground green and dry weight of the plant constitutes the foliage. The canopy is an important factorof plant growth. On one hand the canopy absorbs the solar energy, which is necessary for the photosynthesis, on the other hand accumulatesthe absorbed nutrients by the roots, and the most of the water-loss happens through the foliages. The determination of the full canopy is notan easy target. In our research we developed a measurement method to determine the leaf area. With the parameters of the examined tree(leaf length and maximum width) and the data of ADC AM 100 leaf area scanner we determined the k-value, with which we can easily andfast evaluate the leaf surface. Furthermore we defined from the water balance of compensation lysimeters the cumulative transpiration offruit trees and the efficiency of water use of trees.

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Gowthami, D., K. Giridhar, S. Surya Kumari, D. R. Salomi Suneetha, and S. Vamshi Krishna. "Evaluation of Turmeric Genotypes for Quality." Environment and Ecology 41, no. 3B (August 2023): 1810–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.60151/envec/lczu7924.

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Fifty four genotypes of turmeric were evaluated for quality characteristics. Highest leaf protein content was recorded in Duggirala Red (236.2 mg/g), highest total phenols in leaf recorded in IC-211641(29.66 mg GAE /g), highest protein content in rhizomes is observed in the genotype CL-5 (80.21 mg/g), maximum total phenol content recorded in rhizome NDH-96 (30.61 mg/g), highest Oleoresin content recorded in TP-161 (10%), highest curcumin content in leaves and rhizomes in Megha (38.67 mg/g and 48.1 mg/g).

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Sankhyan, Hari, S. Bhat, Rajan Bawa, and S. S. Sharma. "Evaluation of Morphometric Parameters in seed orchard of Grewia Optiva Drummond in Himachal Pradesh." Indian Journal of Forestry 34, no. 2 (June 1, 2011): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2011-5g586b.

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Established open pollinated seedling seed orchard of Grewia optiva Drummond (60 families) established at main campus of Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan during July 2000 was evaluated for various morphometric parameters as per standard methodology, viz., height, diameter, current years’ leaf production, leaf area, fresh leaf weight, leaf dry weight, total fresh leaf biomass and leaf dry matter contents. Growth parameters among the different genotypes showed a wide range of variation. The means of the morphometric parameters of different families of Grewia optiva recorded a maximum mean height (6.75 m), diameter (8.88 cm), leaf dry matter content (59.40%), estimated number of leaves (2230.30) fresh weight of leaves (81.33 g/100 leaves), dry weight of leaves (44.56 g/100 leaves), leaf area (68.10 cm2) and total green biomass (1760.74 g). Studies concluded that differences are due to genetic factors. The identified families on the basis of morphometric traits can be used for long term breeding programmes to achieve significant gains from diverse populations.

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Kalaignan, Kalaichelvi, D. Sambasiva Rao, J. Prabhaharan, and R. Durai Singh. "Comparative Evaluation of Photosynthetic Efficiency among Leaf Orientation of Castor (Ricinus communis) and Redgram (Cajanus cajan)." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 13, no. 2 (February 10, 2024): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2024.1302.007.

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In castor (Ricinus communis), top leaf adjacent to spike (flag leaf) was observed with higher photosynthetic rate (19.17 µ mol/m2 /Sec) followed by middle leaf (13.81) and bottom leaf (13.82) and young leaf (6.32). This showed the translocation of source to the sink. Transpiration rate is in the range of 5.57 m mol/m2 /Sec. Stomatal conductance also not much varied with top, middle, bottom and young leaf. Redgram (Cajanus cajan) was reported with a Photosynthetic rate was same as castor (19.86). Transpiration rate (6.48) and stomatal conductance of 0.53 mol /sec which is slightly lesser than castor. Young leaf expressed very less physiological activity photosynthesis of 1.79, Transpiration rate of 1.43 and very less stomatal conductance (0.08) than top leaf and lower leaf.

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Thakur, I. "Performance of Different Clones of Morus alba for Morphometric Traits in a Clonal Evaluation Trial." Indian Journal of Forestry 39, no. 4 (January 12, 2016): 345–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2016-33bww8.

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Variation among different traits along with their correlation were studied in twenty seven clones of Morus alba . The significant differences were found among clones with respect to various morphometric traits. Moderate phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV), genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), heritability and genetic gain were recorded for green leaf yield, ramet height, leaf length, leaf width and basal diameter indicating that these characters can be more reliable for effective selection in future. Ramet height showed positive and significant correlation with basal diameter (0.5287), leaf length (0.4671), number of branches (0.6043), and green leaf yield (0.6893). Basal diameter, leaf length and leaf width also exhibited positive and significant correlation with green leaf yield i.e. 0.4705, 0.5714, 0.4813, respectively. Hence, these correlations can be useful in the indirect selection of the species.

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II Ujah, JI Ugochukwu, and UB Alozieuwa. "An evaluation of phytochemical and biopesticidal composition of scent leaf." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 17, no. 1 (October 30, 2021): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2021.17.1.0281.

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Phytochemicals are therapeutic while biopesticides are naturally occurring forms pesticides which are eco-friendly. The phytochemicals as well biopesticidal contents of scent leaf were investigated. The result indicated that glycosides and alkaloids not detectable, phenols and terpenoids least present, flavonoids and saponins moderately present while steroids and tannins were high in abundance.The result as investigated showed that scent leaf extract contains various secondary metabolites in the following concentrations, saponins (0.130 ± 0.361 mg/g), tannins (0.133 ± 0.365 mg/g), flavonoid (0.033 ± 182 mg/g) steroid (0.005 ± 0.071 mg/g), terpenoid (0.071 ± 0.266 mg/g) as well as oxalic acid which is the biopesticidal content. Owing to the phytochemicals and biopesticide in this leaf, scent leaf could be used both therapeutically and as a biopesticide.

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Reshi, Nissar Ahmad. "EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL POTENTIAL OF LEAF AND LEAF DERIVED CALLUS EXTRACTS OF ORTHOSIPHON ARISTATUS (BLUME) MIQ." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 5 (May 1, 2017): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i5.17231.

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ABSTRACT: Objective: To evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of chloroform, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, methanol, ethanol and aqueous extracts of leaf and leaf derived callus of Orthosiphon aristatus against Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtiltis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterobater aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, and Klebseilla pneumoniae. Methods: The leaf segments were cut into small pieces of size 1-2 sq. cm and were cultured on Murashige and Skoog solid medium supplemented with different auxins alone and in combination. Antibacterial efficacy was performed by disc diffusion method followed my MIC determination by two fold serial dilution method. Leaf and leaf callus extracts were subjected to the qualitative phytochemical analysis. Results: Maximum callus formation percentage was obtained from the leaf segments cultured on MS medium supplemented with 2, 4-D (2 mg/l). Ethanolic leaf extract showed maximum inhibition activity with 28 mm zone of inhibition against P. mirabilis with MIC value of 0.32 mg/ml. Out of the callus extracts, ethanolic callus extract showed the maximum bio-efficacy against S. aureus with 26 mm zone of inhibition and MIC value of 0.64 mg/ml. Results revealed that both leaf and leaf derived callus are effective against Gram positive and Gram negative test bacteria.Conclusion: The bioefficacy study confirms the strong antibacterial potential of leaf and leaf derived callus of O. aristatus.Keywords: Leaf, Leaf callus, Antibacterial efficacy, Orthosiphon aristatus.

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Nouri, Leila, Abdorreza Mohammadi Nafchi, and A. A. Karim. "Mechanical and Sensory Evaluation of Noodles Incorporated with Betel Leaf Extract." International Journal of Food Engineering 11, no. 2 (April 1, 2015): 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijfe-2014-0183.

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Abstract Noodles promote health as a source of essential nutrients and fiber. This study evaluated the effects of incorporating various levels of betel leaf extract on the quality and sensory acceptability of Hokkien noodles. Hokkien noodles incorporated with betel leaf extract (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% based on flour weight) were prepared from wheat flour with a moisture content of 14%. The hardness, elongation, adhesiveness, color, and sensory evaluation of the noodles were then determined. Results clearly show that the incorporation of betel leaf extract at various levels led to the structural modification of the noodles and to a soft product compare to the control. However, the product scores in all sensory attributes were higher than the control scores. The sample was incorporated 15% betel leaf extract had the best acceptance quality wherein the beneficial effects of betel leaf polyphenols can be utilized.

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Raveena, Arvind Malik, R. P. S. Dalal, Vikas Kumar Sharma, and Divya. "Evaluation of Different Gerbera Varieties for Vegetative Growth under Protected Environment." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 36, no. 3 (February 6, 2024): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i34406.

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The vegetative growth of gerbera varieties (Szogun, Kormoran, Salsa and Feliks) was studied at Agri-Tourism Centre, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during the year 2019-20 under different growing conditions. Among the varieties Szogan recorded maximum plant spread (74.95 cm) and leaf length (37.38 cm). Whereas, Salsa showed maximum number of leaves per plant (21.47), plant height (32.73 cm) and leaf width (14.68). While, comparing growing conditions plants grown under polyhouse produced maximum plant spread (68.55 cm), number of leaves (22.67), leaf length (35.85 cm) and leaf width (13.68 cm), whereas, maximum plant height (30.11 cm) was recorded in plants grown under shade net followed by polyhouse (29.08 cm).

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Sorg, Jonathan, Satinder Singh, and Richard Lewis. "Optimal Rewards versus Leaf-Evaluation Heuristics in Planning Agents." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 25, no. 1 (August 4, 2011): 465–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v25i1.7931.

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Planning agents often lack the computational resources needed to build full planning trees for their environments. Agent designers commonly overcome this finite-horizon approximation by applying an evaluation function at the leaf-states of the planning tree. Recent work has proposed an alternative approach for overcoming computational constraints on agent design: modify the reward function. In this work, we compare this reward design approach to the common leaf-evaluation heuristic approach for improving planning agents. We show that in many agents, the reward design approach strictly subsumes the leaf-evaluation approach, i.e., there exists a reward function for every leaf-evaluation heuristic that leads to equivalent behavior, but the converse is not true. We demonstrate that this generality leads to improved performance when an agent makes approximations in addition to the finite-horizon approximation. As part of our contribution, we extend PGRD, an online reward design algorithm, to develop reward design algorithms for Sparse Sampling and UCT, two algorithms capable of planning in large state spaces.

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Ubani CD, Ogwo Elisha Uko, Chris Akunne Wariso, and Amah Akuma Kalu. "Evaluation of the nutrient composition and hepatotoxic potential of Thaumatococcus danielli." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 18, no. 3 (March 30, 2022): 011–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2022.18.3.0051.

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The aim of this work was to evaluate the nutritional and hepatotoxic potential of leaf of T. danielli. Freshly harvested leaves of T. danielli was dried at room temperature, ground to fine powder. 500 g of powdered plant sample was soaked in 2 litres of 70% methanol for 72 hrs. The resulting extract was filtered and filtrate concentrated. Twenty adult male albino rats were divided into 4 groups of 5 rats per group. · Group I: Normal control was fed with only normal rat diet and water ad libitum. · Group II: Rats were administered with 200 mg/kg b.w of extract of T.danielli leaf orally. · Group III: Rats were administered with 400 mg/kg b.w of methanol extract of T.danielli leaf orally. · Group IV: Rats were administered with 600 mg/kg b.w of methanol extract of T.danielli leaf orally. Nutrient composition of the leaf of T. danielli was determined using standard procedures. The proximate analysis on the leaf of the said plant revealed the presence of moisture, ash, fat, protein, fibre and carbohydrate with fat being more abundant (17.30±1.28%) than every other components and carbohydrate the least abundant (8.29±0.20%). However, analysis on the mineral composition, revealed the presence of calcium, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, sodium and iron. While calcium (7.20±0.23 g/ 100 g) was reportedly the most abundant of all elements, sodium was the least (0.40±0.03 g/ 100g). Evaluation of the vitamin composition of the leaf of T. danielli revealed the presence of vitamins A, B1, B3, B5, B6 and B12. B12 was the most abundant (8.32±0.42 g/ 100g) of the vitamins. The activity of serum hepatomarkers evaluated was not significantly (P>0.05) different from that reported on the control following oral administration of aqueous extract of T. danielli. In conclusion, the leaf of T. danielli contains vital nutrients and has no hepatotoxic effect.

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