Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Immunologie du Cancer'
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Molina, Oscar Eduardo. "Paysage immunologique du cancer de la prostate." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69053.
Full textProstate cancer is the most common cancer and the third leading cause of death from cancer among Canadian men. According to Cancer Canada, in 2020 23 300 men will be diagnosed and 4 200 men will die from prostate cancer. Prostate cancer is one of the rarest cancers to have a slow evolution. However, there is a considerable variation in disease recurrence, treatment response and disease-specific death between individuals showing similar clinico-pathological characteristics. There is therefore a great need for the development of more precise predictive tools for the evolution and the classification of the disease. In recent years, there is a growing evidence suggesting that a comprehensive analysis of tumor-infiltrating immune cells could help to predict cancer progression. We therefore hypothesized that the study of immune cell infiltration in the prostate cancer microenvironment in patients treated by radical prostatectomy can predict the evolution of the disease. We used two techniques to analyze the immune context in prostate cancer. First, we profiled the immune microenvironment of the prostate cancer by immunohistochemistry. By focusing not only on the type, but also the quantity and the localization of immune-infiltrating cells in the various compartments of the tumor microenvironment. Our experiments showed that antigen-presenting cells infiltrating the center of the tumor does not predict the evolution of prostate cancer. On the other hand, infiltration into the normal-like peritumoral epithelium and the tumor margin are associated with the evolutions of the disease either by increasing the risks of progressing to biochemical recurrence for high infiltration by immature CD209+ dendritic cells in the tumor margin and higher risks of lethal PCa for high infiltration by CD163+ M2 macrophages in the tumor margin and normal-like peritumoral epithelium. Or by reducing the risks of definitive androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) or lethal PCa for a high infiltration by mature CD83+ dendritic cells in the normal-like peritumoral epithelium and the tumor margin. Subsequently, our analyzes showed that the predictive value of lymphocyte infiltration is mainly concentrated in the tumor center, as demonstrated by the increased risks of biochemical recurrence by intra-tumor low ratios of CD45RO/CD3 and high ratio of FoxP3/CD45RO. In addition, a lower risk of definitive ADT for low tumor ratios of FoxP3/CD3 and FoxP3/CD45RO and a decreased risk of lethal PCa for a high CD45RO/CD3 ratio in the tumor epithelium was also observed. Secondly, we performed gene expression profile analysis targeting a series of genes related to immune function using RT-qPCR experiments to complement the immunohistochemistry experiments. These experiments allowed us to identify a subgroup of genes related to the function of antigen presenting cells in which, overexpression is associated with decreased rates of lethal prostate cancer-free survival. In addition, we identified TIM-3 as being an important immunecheckpoint in the progression of prostate cancer since high expression levels of TIM-3 are associated with shorter survival to definitive ADT. The findings of our work have highlighted the importance of tumor compartments in a comprehensive study of immune infiltration in prostate cancer. Indeed, our data suggest that the prognostic value of immune infiltration depends on the type and density of the infiltrated cells but also on their location in the tumor microenvironment. In addition, we were able to identify important players in the evolution of the disease, such as cells expressing FoxP3, CD45RO, CD163, CD209 and the immune checkpoint TIM-3. The methodology of this study could be adapted to clinical reality with the analysis of preoperative biopsies. The use of such a prognostic tool in combination with routine clinico-pathologic tests could help identify patients who might benefit from intra prostatic immunotherapies prior to surgery to reverse this immunosuppressive condition in a context of precision medicine.
Becht, Etienne. "Transcriptomic analysis of the immune microenvironment of non-hematopoietic human tumors." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA05T029/document.
Full textTumors grow within a complex microenvironment composed of immune cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells and other non-malignant cells. The study of the composition of tumor microenvironments has led to classifications with prognostic and theranostic values, as well as the discovery of treatments modulating the composition and the functional orientation of the microenvironment. Concurrently, molecular classifications of tumors have proposed taxonomies within cancers that define groups of patients with different prognoses and are associated with response to treatments. Recent evidence suggest that the phenotype of the malignant cell is a critical determinant in the shaping of its microenvironment, suggesting potential correlations between immune and molecular classifications. The goal of this PhD project was therefore to analyze the microenvironment of molecularly-classified human tumors. Colorectal cancer represents a paradigm for tumor immunology, as it is the humancancer in which it was exemplified that an adaptive immune response can control tumor Growth and metastasis. Conversely, clear-cell renal cell carcinoma represents an exception in tumor immunology, as an extensive adaptive immune response is associated with more aggressive diseases. Molecular transcriptomic classifications were recently proposed for both of these apparently immunologically contrasted cancers. In this work, I propose a methodology that enables the characterization of the tumor microenvironment using transcriptomic data, and apply it to describe the immune contexture of molecular subgroups of colorectal and clear-cell renal cell carcinomas. These analyses argue in favor of the unification of molecular and immune classifications of human cancers, challenge our current views of the relationship between the composition of the tumor microenvironment and patient’s prognosis, and suggest immunotherapeutic approaches that could benefit subgroups of patients in these two cancers
Ogier, Charline. "Nouvelle perspective thérapeutique pour le cancer du pancréas : ciblage des ligands des récepteurs de la famille HER exprimés par la tumeur et son microenvironnement." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT040.
Full textPancreatic cancer is an extremely aggressive cancer with a 5-year survival rate of no more than 5%. Late detection, lack of biomarker and effective therapy are the main causes. This cancer is characterized by a very dense microenvironment composed of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). This stroma is in constant communication with the tumor via the production of growth factors and metabolites, which promotes tumor development. Our project consists in disrupting this crosstalk with monoclonal antibodies targeting Neuregulin 1 (NRG1), ligand of the HER3 receptor. Its overexpression has been shown in pancreatic tumor cells and CAFs. We confirmed the involvement of NRG1 in the pancreatic tumors growth and then we generated a monoclonal antibody (7E3 mAb) specific for this ligand. This antibody has been characterized in terms of its specificity, its affinity and its epitope on NRG1. We then studied its therapeutic effect in different models of pancreatic cells alone or in co-culture with CAFs coming from human samples. The anti NRG1 antibody inhibits HER3 signaling as well as cell growth in 2D and 3D culture. In addition, its efficacy on tumor growth was shown in orthoptic xenograft models of tumor cells mixed with CAFs.In order to study more specifically the antibody effect on tumor microenvironment as well as its toxicity, a second mAb targeting murine and human NRG1 was produced by phage display. Its in vitro and in vivo characterization is ongoing. Combinations of 7E3 with chemotherapy (gemciatbine or Folfirinox) or other targeted therapies are being considered.This thesis proposes a new therapeutic solution for patients with pancreatic cancer. We demonstrated the importance of disrupting the crosstalk between tumor cells and CAF by validating the efficacy of targeting NRG1 by monoclonal antibody
Dumond, Aurore. "Les Neuropilines, des cibles pertinentes dans le traitement du cancer du rein à cellules claires." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ6033.
Full textClear cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC) represent 80% of kidney cancers. Around 80% of ccRCC present an inactivation of the von Hippel-Lindau gene (VHL) gene, leading to the stabilization the Hypoxia Inducible Factors 1 and 2 alpha (HIF-1 and 2α) and to the overexpression of their targeted genes such as the « Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) », the principal angiogenic factor. Thus, ccRCC are one of the most vascularized cancers and represent a paradigm for anti-angiogenic treatments (AAT). Currently,15 different AAT have obtained FDA and EMA approval. They are divided in three different families:- antibodies targeting VEGF- tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKi) that target receptors involved in neo-angiogenesis such as the current reference therapy, sunitinib- decoy receptors that trap VEGFA and PlGF such as aflibercept.Overexpression of VEGF (involved in angiogenesis) and of the other member of the VEGF family, VEGFC (involved in lymphangiogenesis) is also a key phenomenon of immune tolerance. Therefore, immune-checkpoint inhibitors (anti PD-1, anti PD-L1 and anti CTLA-4) also obtained an approval for the treatment of ccRCC.However, relapse on TKi are frequently observed after a few months and immune-checkpoint inhibitors present a long-lasting effect only in 20% of patients. Hence, ccRCC is still an uncurable disease and new therapeutic strategies targeting concomitantly angiogenesis/lymphangiogenesis and immune tolerance are urgently needed. Neuropilins (NRP1 and NRP2) are co-receptors of VEGF and VEGFC and are expressed on vascular and lymphatic endothelial cells, on tumor cells and on immune cells. Hence, they may represent ideal targets to inhibit the drivers of ccRCC aggressiveness.My thesis describes the relevance of targeting the NRP1 and NRP2 signaling pathways in ccRCC by a genetic (invalidation of the two genes by CRISPR/Cas9) and by a pharmacological approach (development of a NRPs inhibitor). The preclinical results generated represent an essential first step for the initiation of early phase clinical trials for patients with treatment failure
Ayari, Cherifa. "OPTIMISATION DE L’IMMUNOTHÉRAPIE NON SPÉCIFIQUE DU CANCER SUPERFICIEL DE LA VESSIE." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28893/28893.pdf.
Full textNon-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is characterized by a high rate of recurrence (60%). Ten to fiftheen % of the recurrences will progress toward muscle-invasive tumors, which are more dangerous. Transurethral resection (TUR) of non-muscle invasive tumors is frequently followed by intravesical immunotherapy using BCG (bacillus Calmette-Guérin) to prevent recurrence and progression but this treatment fails in 40% of cases. Moreover, the severity of the side effects prevents many patients to comply with the whole treatment. Tools to predict the response to BCG and the development of alternative treatments are therefore required. We first evaluated the clinical significance of the presence of tumor infiltrating mature dendritic cells (TIDCs) and of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in low-risk NMIBCs treated only by TUR. The presence of TIDCs allowed the identification of patients that were at high risk of progression. In patients with NMIBCs at high risk of recurrence and progression treated with BCG, we observed that those with a high level of MAT or TIDC infiltration did not respond efficiently to BCG. In the second part of my work, I have explored the possibility to use other immunomodulatory agents to replace or complement BCG immunotherapy. I therefore selected toll-like receptors (TLRs) agonists for this purpose. TLRs, which are mainly expressed in immune cells but also epithelial cells, play an important role in the innate immunity by recognizing molecular patterns that are conserved between pathogens. I have first showed that TLRs are expressed and functional in normal and tumor urothelial cells. Then, I showed that poly(I:C), a TLR3 agonsist, has direct cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects on bladder cancer cell lines. In MGH-U3 cells, it induces the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and expression of major histocompatibility class I molecules whereas BCG has little effect on the immunogenicity of these cells. A growth inhibition assay using the MBT-2 murine bladder cancer model showed that the combination of poly(I:C) and BCG inhibited very significantly the growth of bladder cancer cells whereas each product alone had no significant effect. Our study suggests that poly(I:C), due to its anti-tumoral effects, could improve the therapeutic efficacy of BCG for the immunotherapy of NMIBCs.
Vittrant, Benjamin. "L'utilisation des outils bioinformatiques pour caractériser le paysage immunologique du cancer de la prostate." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69182.
Full textAs part of my PhD, I developed applied data analysis approaches to perform a multi-omic analysis of prostate cancer (CaP). My project was split into two distinct parts corresponding to the two articles integrated into the body of my document. A first part of the work consisted in recovering omics data of different types (RNA-Seq, Methylation, CNA, SNA, miRNA, clinical data) associated with CaP and preparing them with an adapted bioinformatics pipeline. Then, my goal was to seek to highlight new immunity checkpoints associated with biochemical recurrence (BCR) in CaP through these data. To fulfill this objective, I used a special approach based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Squares Regression (PLS) algorithms. This has brought out a specific family of immunity checkpoints, the LILR family, which can potentially be a target family in immunotherapy. Second, I used the same data to develop a machine learning (ML) analysis protocol. The aim of this work was to show that it was possible to predict whether or not patients would relapse from RNA-Seq data. I have shown that even with small datasets, one can achieve very good prediction scores and that current ML algorithms take into account the technical variability of the diverse data sources in the CaP. It is therefore possible to use current biobanks owned by research structures around the world to create larger datasets.
Buisseret, Laurence. "Clinical significance of immune response in breast cancer." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/259895.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences médicales (Médecine)
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Barjon, Clément. "Caractérisation biochimique et fonctionnelle de nouveaux anticorps monoclonaux anti-galectine-9 en vue d'applications diagnostiques et thérapeutiques." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00820984.
Full textMarrão, Gina. "Virus d'Epstein-Barr et cancer du sein : étude immunologique et virologique." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10174.
Full textEpstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous human herpesvirus and is the etiologic agent of infectious mononucleosis disease. The EBV is associated with the development of a variety of epithelial and lymphoid malignant pathologies, and recently is closely associated with the breast carcinoma, one of the most frequent tumors in the occidental countries. Moreover, the breast cancer is a disease with a high metastatic propensity and with a significant number of patients dying before the five years of its evolution, after the primary treatment. The development of the disease is not very predictable and its natural history and prognosis are frequently changing. Currently, 21 studies (out of 29 published) have showed the existence of EBV sequences on woman breast tumors. None of these studies bring new conclusions on the role of EBV in the pathogenesis of the tumor, mainly because of the lack of patient follow-up during a period of time, Therefore, we made a prospective study in the Hospitals of the University of Coimbra at closely relationship with the Histocompatibility Centre of Coimbra and the University of Grenoble for try to elucidate the role of EBV in this type of tumor. We establish that the main goal was to detect the EBV both in the tumor and in peripheral blood and if that event is accompanied or is closely correlated with immune response of the patients, mainly based on the immunophenotypic and functional characterization of: (i) the dendritic cells and monocytes, (ii) T lymphocytes subpopulations (including the double positive CD4+/CD8+ cells), (iii) and NK cells. We also compare the follow-up of the patients according to their EBV "status", and of the clinical, biological and anatomopathological factors used in a groove based on clinic gynecology: lymph nodes invasion, estrogens/progesterone receptors, c-erB-2, tumor histology and tumor size. In general, the results obtained in this study showed that: (i) there is a close correlation between the survival of patients with breast cancer and the presence of the EBV in the peripheral blood and in the tumor; (ii) An increase in the percentage of CD4+/CD8+ T in the peripheral blood of the patients with breast cancer with a better overall survival, particularly those with a memory effector phenotype, seems to indicate that these cells have a potential antitumoral activity. (iii) The peripheral T CD4+ and T CDS+ cells with a central memory phenotype are increased in all patients groups and in the patients with tumor EBV+ "status" (p<0,05) (with decreasing of the naïve phenotype) supporting a role of specific antigen stimulation; (iv) The functional study on T and NK cells showed that the patients, including the group of patients with tumor EBV+ that produce higher amounts of TNF-α, at single cell level, in both cell populations, show a better overall survival, which seems to indicate that a better functional activity of these cells, shows the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines which could be a good prognostic factor; (v) The patients with a increased percentage of NK cells CD56+/CD57- expressing granzyme B show a better overall survival, being the protein, one of the mechanisms utilized by these cells to induct an apoptotic death in target cells. Ln conclusion, we have developed a series of new virologica) biomarkers (status EBV) and immunological (at phenotype and functional levels) for the follow-up of the breast cancer patients and include them in "theragnostic" tests
Bouchaud, Grégory. "Caractérisation structurale et fonctionnelle du complexe formé entre la chaîne Alpha soluble du Récepteur de l'Interleukine 15 Humaine et l'Interleukine-15 : implication en immuno-cancérologie." Nantes, 2009. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=73b03bed-e0da-4f75-a33c-58e52cdf2a1b.
Full textThe Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a cytokine which outlines similar activities as those of IL-2 in vitro because of the common use of IL-2Rβ and γc chains. The specificity of action is conferred by a private α chain (IL-15Rα). The α chain exists in soluble form after proteolytic cleavage of the membrane anchored IL-15Rα. In this study, we characterized the molecular mechanisms regulating the agonistic and antagonistic activities of the soluble forms of IL-15Rα (sIL-15Rα). We highlighted that the exon 3 encoded domain of the sIL-15Rα, located at the C-terminal end of the IL-15 binding domain (sushi) which participates to the high affinity of the IL-15/sIL-15Rα complex and is necessary for the antagonistic function of the soluble receptor. We also showed the vital role of this complex in cancer and inflammatory diseases through the capacity to escape to immunity of tumor with sIL-15Rα in head and neck cancers and it involvement in the therapeutic response to infliximab in Crohn disease. This work shows that the sIL-15Rα is an important component in the regulation of IL-15 and could lead to different therapeutic applications
Noël, Floriane. "Systems Level Analysis of Immune Cell Subsets and Intercellular Communication Networks in Human Breast Cancer." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS418/document.
Full textCell-to-cell communication is at the basis of the higher order organisation observed in tissues, organs, and organism. Understanding cell-to-cell communication, and its underlying mechanisms that drive the development of cancer is essential. Breast tumor microenvironment (TME) is composed of a great cellular diversity, such as endothelial, stromal or immune cells that can influence tumor progression as well as its response to treatment. Among the different immune cell populations, dendritic cells (DCs) subsets integrate signals from their microenvironment and are subsequently essential in orchestrating specific immune response through T cell activation. However, the differential function of these subsets, and their interactions within the TME remain poorly described. My main thesis objective was to understand the impact of the breast TME on DC subsets using systems-level analysis. We used RNA sequencing to systematically analyze the transcriptomes of tumor-infiltrating plasmacytoid pre-DCs (pDCs), cell populations enriched for type 1 classical DCs (cDC1e), type 2 classical DCs (cDC2s), CD14+DCs, and monocytes-macrophages from human primary luminal breast cancer and triple-negative breast cancer. We found that transcriptional reprogramming of tumor-infiltrating antigen-presenting cells is subset-specific. These results suggest a complex interplay between ontogeny and tissue imprinting in conditioning DC diversity and function in cancer.As a second objective, I aimed at studying the cellular communications in order to understand how cells integrate signals from their environment. I developed ICELLNET, a tool to reconstruct intercellular communication networks. This original quantitative method, integrating ligand-receptor interactions and cell type specific gene expression, can be automatically applied to any cell population level transcriptomic profile opening perspectives of application in several disease contexts and biology fields
Desfrancois-Noel, Juliette. "Les lymphocytes Tαβ CD4+CD8+ : de nouveaux acteurs de la réponse anti-tumorale dans le cancer du sein et le mélanome." Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT2063.
Full textOstankovitch, Marina. "Immunité anti-tumorale et perspectives d'immunothérapie." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05P182.
Full textAarab-Terrisse, Safae. "Impact de l'axe microbiome-thymus sur l'efficacité de la déprivation androgénique et sur le renforcement de l’immuno-surveillance dans le cancer de la prostate Immunodynamics of Explanted Human Tumors for Precision and Personalized Immuno-Oncology Gut Bacteria Composition Drives Primary Resistance to Cancer Immunotherapy in Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASL025.
Full textAndrogen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the backbone treatment for Prostate cancer (PCa), but most patients will become refractory to castration (CRPC). In addition, immune checkpoint blockade may not be an option for CRPC. Given that advanced cancer patients may exhibit a gut dysbiosis and the pivotal role of the intestinal microbiota composition in dictating the success of chemo-and immuno-therapy, we analyzed the role of the immune system, the impact of the gut microbiota and the inter-relationship between both components in the time to CRPC in PCa patients and in a mouse model of prostate cancer (MyC-CaP cell line). First, using CD4 or CD8 depleting antibodies and athymic nude mice, we demonstrated the key role of T lymphocytes in the time to progression during ADT. Secondly, using cohousing experiments, fecal microbial transplantation and broad spectrum antibiotics, we unveiled the seminal role of the host microbiota in governing tumor growth control during ADT. Third, metagenomics coupled with metabolomics analyses highlighted significant changes associated with ADT, their physiological relevance being currently investigated. Finally, while the development of PCa compromises the thymus integrity despite ADT; healthy microbiota restores thymopoiesis and the emigration of mature lymphocytes associated with effective anticancer immunosurveillance. Altogether, ADT mediates a full blown T cell-dependent anti-PCa cancer efficacy when intestinal dysbiosis is compensated by FMT or immunogenic probiotics
Drouet, Mireille. "Techniques de détection des molécules HLA solubles de classe 1 dans le plasma : étude de sujets sains et de transplantés." Limoges, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIMO0241.
Full textRigaud, Jérôme. "Étude prospective mono-centrique : analyse et corrélation de la réaction immunologique locale et systémique induite par des instillations endo-vésicales de BCG (Bacille de Calmette et Guérin) dans le traitement du cancer de la vessie." Nantes, 2012. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=b3411c98-2e5e-4d05-b968-df2265b089dc.
Full textThe main objective of our study was to determine a correlation between the local (bladder) and systemic (blood) production of cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, IFN-γ and TNF-α) during treatment with BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guerin) for bladder cancer. Secondary objectives of this study were to investigate the response PBMC (peripheral blood mononuclear cell) induced by instillation or BCG and its correlation with response 10 BCG. We included 23 consecutive patients from December 2008 to February 2011. AlI patients had BCG instillation (ImmuCyst*) for the management of their non-invasive bladder cancer but at high risk of recurrence. They were conducting a blood and urine samples before and 4 h after instillation of BCG in the first, third and sixth instillation. Our study showed a significant urinary cytokine production during the fourth hour after the sixth instillation, with productions that have previously been low. The production of cytokines IL-4, IL- 1O, TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-17 was low. Cytokines that were most relevant during instillations of BCG were lL-2 and IL-6. Ln addition there appears a profile of cytokine production differs depending on the response to treatment. Indeed, if it fails immediately to treatment, overall production of cytokines was low except for IL-6 was secreted significantly throughout the treatment, Conversely, if successful treatment with BCG, IL-6 has hardly been secreted during the treatment and the other cytokines were produced significantly (> 200pg/ml) al the fourth hour after the sixth instillation except for lL-4. Regarding the analysis of PBMC, we did not detect variation in profile during treatment. The action on the peripheral immune system seems low during instillations of BCG
Allard, Mathilde. "Fonctions immunologiques de la molécule HLA-E : implication en cancérologie et en tranplantation." Nantes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NANT2047.
Full textThe non-classical MHC-I molecule HLA-E plays a major role in the control of cell-mediated immune responses. In physiological conditions, HLA-E molecules present self conserved peptides, and limit NK and T cells activation upon interaction with the inhibitory NK receptor CD94/NKG2-A. However, in times of cellular stress, infections or tumor transformation, their peptidome can be modified leading to the expression of new HLA-E-peptide complexes susceptible to be recognized, in a TCR dependent way, by T lymphocytes. In this study, we investigated the alloreactivity of CMV-committed HLA-E-restricted CD8 T lymphocytes isolated from a kidney transplant recipient. We demonstrated that these unconventional T cells are able to develop effective responses against allogeneic endothelial cells in vitro, suggesting their potential detrimental role upon solid organ transplantation. Moreover, we reported that soluble HLA-E molecules can be produced by tumor cells from various origins in vitro, and that their concentrations are significantly increased in melanoma patient sera. Therefore, these results address the potential prognostic value of soluble HLA-E molecules in cancer patients. The functional characterization of these molecules is in progress, in order to evaluate their role in various physiopathological contexts
Lella, Virginie. "Biologie de la résistance au cancer mammaire." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210418.
Full textFlament, Héloïse. "Modélisation de la réponse anti-tumorale des lymphocytes T CD4+ à l’aide 1) d’une tumeur transplantée exprimant un antigène de manière inductible et 2) de souris porteuses de tumeurs «spontanées»." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05T031.
Full textThe role of CD4+ T cells in both tumor progression and immunity is being increasingly acknowledged in humans and mice. CD4+ T cell immunity against cancer has been mostly studied using murine transplanted tumor systems. In these models, many tumor cells die at the time of surgical implantation, leading to the release of tumor antigen (Ag) in an inflammatory context. This contrasts with the slow and non-destructive growth of early stage human tumors. Here, we show that the presentation of a MHC class II-restricted model (male, DBY) Ag released by dying fibroblastic tumor cells may last more than 3 weeks in the tumor draining lymph node (dLN). This artificial, early and long lasting priming precludes the study of the interactions between the immune system and tumors at the steady state. We therefore generated a cell line that could be induced to efficiently express DBY as a neoAg after implantation. We also took advantage of a previously described mouse model of genetically engineered, KrasG12D p53flox lung adenocarcinoma to generate a “spontaneous” tumor model expressing DBY. Our aim was to study in these two models the natural history of the tumor-specific CD4+ T cell response. In the transplanted tumor system, we show that the Ag reaches the dLNs and is efficiently presented to naïve specific CD4+ T cells. The proliferative and effector responses were similar in the inducible and constitutively expressed Ag tumor systems. The ICOS co-stimulatory receptor, and the PD-1 and BTLA co-inhibitory receptors were upregulated on the Ag specific CD4+ T cells in the dLN. We did not observe de novo induction of tumor-specific regulatory T cells. Finally, the pattern of secreted lymphokines in the dLN, spleen and tumor after in vitro Ag restimulation was similar, with a mixed TH1/TH17 response. Notably, a small percentage of DBY-specific effector T cells also displayed a cytolytic phenotype marked by the co-expression of granzyme B and LAMP-1. Thus, when the neo-Ag appears at distance of tumor implantation, the tumor was not ignored and did not induce tolerance of naïve CD4+ T cells. Other mechanisms have to be thought to explain the absence of tumor rejection despite efficient priming and migration of effector CD4+ T cells into tumors. Similarly to the strong proliferative response mentioned above, the DBY tumor Ag was efficiently presented in LNs draining “spontaneous” lung tumors, and induced activation and proliferation of adoptively transferred naive T cells. After priming they did not convert into Tregs, even in end-stage disease. This work is still ongoing, but preliminary results show that activated DBY-specific T cells from the dLN and the lungs produced IFN-γ and granzyme B during early stages of the disease. In contrast, IL-17 secreting cells were found exclusively in the lungs from mice with late-stages invasive tumors. Although IL-17 may enhance tumor progression, including in models driven by the Kras oncogen, emerging data strongly suggest that TH17 effector cells demonstrate a high grade of plasticity and can display anti tumor activity. Little is known about the antigen specificity of IL-17 production in lung cancer patients, and our model could be useful to test new strategies targeting either positively or negatively tumor Ag-specific TH17 cells in cancer immunotherapy
Devaud, Christel. "Etude in vivo du potentiel anti-tumoral des lymphocytes Tγδ Vδ2 négatifs humains dans un modèle murin." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR21684/document.
Full textGamma delta (?d) T lymphocytes contribute to host immune competence uniquely especially during stress immune responses to infections and tumors. Because ?d T cells colonize epithelial surfaces, where they can exert rapid and pleiotropic effector functions, they are critical protagonists in anti-cancer response. During my Phd project we explored the anti-tumor potential of Vd2 negatives (neg) ?d T lymphocytes, in vivo using a mouse xenograft tumor model. A few years ago, studies in our laboratory showed an increase of peripheral blood Vd2neg ?d T lymphocytes in allograft recipients infected by cytomegalovirus (CMV). Interestingly, Vd2neg ?d T clones isolated from these patients showed a cytotoxic activity against CMV infected fibroblast in vitro. Moreover, they were able to kill colon cancer cells (HT29) in vitro, in contrast to normal epithelial cells. Cancer cell- as well as CMV infected cell- killing involved T cell receptor (TCR) engagement, independently of major histocompatibility complex (CMH) recognition, probably with a common ligand. The first part of my Phd project was undertaken to evaluate the in vivo tumor reactivity of anti-CMV Vd2neg clones, including their ability to inhibit tumor growth as well as their migratory potential toward colon cancer cells. In immunodeficient mice, we showed that systemic intraperitoneal (i.p) injections with human Vd2neg clones inhibited the growth of HT29 hypodermal tumors xenografts. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that Vd2neg T cells had an early and specific anti-tumor effect, and that such activity could be hampered in vivo using an anti-CCR3 antibody. Our study suggest that Vd2neg T cells with an anti-viral potential are able to reach a tumor site in vivo, and inhibit tumoral growth exercising a cytolytic activity. The second part of my Phd project proposed to get further insights on the role of Vd2neg T cells in the immune surveillance against colon cancer. To this aim, we tested, the involvement of human Vd1+ T lymphocytes, a substantial fraction of T cells in intestinal epithelia, in limiting tumor spread in vivo, using a mouse model of colorectal carcinoma (CRC). We sat up a physiological mouse model of CRC by orthotopic microinjection of HT29 colon cell, which mimics the natural history of human CRC. Indeed, primary colic tumors and pulmonary and hepatic distant metastases grew in mice. Furthermore, bioluminescence imaging was used to follow the outcome of luciferase expressing cancer cells. We showed that systemic treatment with human Vd1+ T lymphocytes could inhibit the growth of intracaecal HT29 tumors and led a substantial reduction of distant metastases. Our results are the first arguing for a crucial role of ?d T cells against CRC, specially in preventing the dissemination of colon cancer cells. Taken together, our results underline the role of of ?d T cells in theimmune response against colorectal cancer. Our findings put forward Vd2neg T cells as attractive candidates for novel anti-tumor immunotherapy protocols
Charrier, Mélinda. "Caractérisation phénotypique et fonctionnelle de sous-populations Natural Killer (NK) chez des patients atteints d’un cancer bronchique non à petites cellules et impact d’une vaccination avec des exosomes de cellules dendritiques (Dex) autologues." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS438.
Full textRecently, immunotherapy has emerged as a new strategy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) patients, confirming the key role of the immune system in this disease. Despite these new treatments (targeted therapies, immunotherapy), response rates remain low with a modest impact on overall survival. Biomarkers are needed to define the target population of these treatments. One of the options explored is the immune status; indeed the immune status of cancer patients has a prognosis impact and may influence the response to standard treatments such as chemotherapy, targeted therapies and even immunotherapy. Among the immune cells, Natural Killer cells (NK) have an effector role in NSCLC. It is now established that NK cells can promote a functional and efficient adaptive immunity. Therefore, an impaired NK functions could be a mechanism associated with the escape from adaptive immunity of the tumor. In our first study, we demonstrated that exosomes from dendritic cells stimulated NK cells through NKp30, this activity is being associated with improved survival in advanced NSCLC. Our second project has revealed, for the first time, a independent prognostic role of NCR3 transcript (NKp30 gene) for naïve advanced NSCLC. Activation of NK cells via NKp30 could be an effective strategy for immunomodulation in advanced NSCLC patients. These studies confirm a major role of NK cells in advanced NSCLC
Rahir, Gwendoline. "Etude des mécanismes moléculaires et cellulaires impliqués dans la résistance anti-tumorale in vivo induite par le cyclophosphamide." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209713.
Full textAu cours de ce travail, nous avons étudié l’effet du cyclophosphamide (CTX, un agent alkylant) sur le système immunitaire et la résistance anti-tumorale dans des souris porteuses du mastocytome P815. Nous avons remarqué qu’une seule injection de CTX dans des souris inoculées 10-20 jours plus tôt avec une dose létale de cellules tumorales induit la survie dans 100% des souris traitées. En outre, le rejet tumoral induit par le CTX est strictement dépendant des lymphocytes T CD4+ et CD8+, et permet une résistance tumorale à long terme spécifique du mastocytome P815. Le but de cette étude était d’appréhender les mécanismes cellulaires et moléculaires impliqués dans cette mémoire spécifique de la tumeur.
Nous avons premièrement montré que le CTX augmente les réponses de type Th1 et Th17 dans des souris immunisées. L’activation de ces réponses requiert l’IL-12p40 et corrèle avec une augmentation du nombre de cellules CD11b+/F4/80+/Ly6C+, suggérant que ces DCs inflammatoires présumées pourraient être une source potentielle d’IL-12 et/ou d’IL-23. Des résultats similaires ont été observés dans des souris porteuses de la tumeur P815 et traitées au CTX. Nous avons également caractérisé les cellules T anti-tumorales effectrices qui infiltrent la tumeur et en particulier, nous avons étudié le rôle des cellules T auxiliaires CD4+ dans la migration des lymphocytes T CD8+ spécifiques de la tumeur. Nous avons observé que la déplétion des cellules T CD4+ semble induire un blocage des lymphocytes T CD8+ dans les ganglions drainant la tumeur qui ne migrent alors plus vers le foyer tumoral. Nous avons donc évalué le rôle de chimiokines/récepteurs aux chimiokines qui pourraient être impliqués dans ce processus tels que les couples CXCR3/CXCL9-10-11.
Doctorat en Sciences
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Dubuisson, Agathe. "Génération et caractérisation de nouveaux anticorps anti-DR4 et anti-DR5." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCI005/document.
Full textDevelopment of therapeutic antibodies has attracted many interests in recent decades. More than 30 of them have been approved and are used to treat cancer patients. TRAIL agonist receptors (DR4 or DR5) are overexpressed by the tumour cells and are able to trigger their death. Therefore, they represent ideal targets. Despite encouraging results, most clinical trials based on monoclonal antibodies targeting DR4 or DR5 have been discontinued. However, current knowledge opens therapeutic perspectives of choice for the use of such antibodies in oncology. In order to develop new anti-DR4 and anti-DR5 antibodies recognizing selectively the native form of the proteins of interest, and endowed with antitumor properties, we have chosen to perform a genetic immunization approach based on hydrodynamic injections of complementary DNA. This approach allowed us to obtain significant humoral responses, and after fusions of the corresponding spleens, to generate 21 monoclonal antibodies capable of recognizing specifically and with very high affinity DR4 or DR5 receptors, in their native forms. Of these monoclonal antibodies, two are display pro-apoptotic properties, and four are capable of enhancing TRAIL pro-apoptotic potential. The antitumor properties of the most potent anti-DR4 antibody, mAb-C16, have also been validated using in-vivo xenografts models.Altogether this work demonstrates, for the first time, that the DNA immunization hydrodynamic injection method can be used to generate therapeutically effective monoclonal antibodies targeting TNF superfamily receptors. Beyond the TRAIL system, this immunization approach, scarcely exploited, could open new therapeutic perspectives by adapting it to new targets
PANDOLFINO, LEVEQUE MARIE-CHRISTINE. "Etude de la specificite et de la fonction des lymphocytes t associes aux tumeurs humaines." Nantes, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NANT2023.
Full textHalse, Héloïse. "The Immunopathology of Primary and Metastatic tumors of the Liver." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASL126.
Full textAnti-cancer immunotherapy can be highly effective for certain patients, but its success depends on the affected organ. Individuals with primary liver cancer or liver metastases from colorectal cancer often have limited responses to immunotherapy. This is largely due to the immune environment within the liver. In this study, we examined how immune cells, particularly mast cells and neutrophils, impact outcomes in patients with colorectal cancer liver metastasis. We found that an increased presence of mast cells in tumors was associated with better outcomes for patients, while the presence of neutrophils was linked to a less favorable outcome. Furthermore, in the case of early-stage liver cancer, we discovered that patients could be grouped into different immune profiles, which could help personalize treatment. In summary, this study highlights the importance of understanding how the immune system reacts in the liver to enhance the effectiveness of immunotherapy for liver cancer and colorectal cancer. This information could also assist in identifying new therapeutic targets to improve treatments and patient survival in the future
Gallego, Carmen. "Interactions hôte-virus : la chimiokine CXCL12 et ses récepteurs CXCR4 et ACKR3 dans le cycle de vie du papillomavirus humain et la carcinogènese associée." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS337.
Full textHuman papillomavirus (HPV) are part of our virome and infect cutaneous and mucosal sites. Most infections are asymptomatic or only cause benign lesions that are controlled by the host defence mechanisms, which take place both at the epithelial and the immune system levels. However, persistent infections with certain mucosal HPV types at high-risk for cancer development, cause virtually all cases of cervical cancers, a majority of anogenital cancers and an increasing proportion of oropharyngeal cancers. Prophylactic vaccines are efficient in preventing mucosal HPV types-associated lesions but currently, there is no antiviral treatment for an established HPV infection. In this doctoral thesis, we aimed at investigating host factors involved in HPV life cycle and carcinogenesis at two levels: the infected keratinocyte and the immune system. Studies in the context of certain immunodeficient patients (WHIM syndrome, WS) with selective susceptibility to HPV pathogenesis have identified the CXCL12 chemokine and its classical G protein-coupled receptor CXCR4 (whose mutations are causing the WS) as host susceptibility factors that act as gatekeepers of HPV life cycle. CXCL12/CXCR4 together with ACKR3, the second receptor of CXCL12 with an atypical decoy activity, can modulate both epithelial and immune cell anti-viral responses. Therefore, we first investigated the intrinsic contribution of ACKR3 to HPV life cycle in 3D human epithelial cell cultures (3D-EpC), the sole model allowing for HPV replication. Our results indicate that enhanced ACKR3 activity displays pro-oncogenic potential as it shifts HPV productive life cycle toward oncogenesis and that blocking ACKR3 could be an attractive therapeutic approach to favour HPV replication. In addition, we have studied the functional consequences of the productive HPV life cycle in cell-cell communication, being pioneers in setting up FLIP technique in 3D-EpC. Lastly, we investigated the impact of CXCR4 WS-mutation at the cutaneous immune cell level in the context of HPV-induced carcinogenesis. We have thus gained insights into the role of CXCR4 in dendritic cell and Langerhans cell distribution, phenotype and migration and how their deregulation in the context of the WS could account for the selective susceptibility of WS patients to HPV pathogenesis. In conclusion, this work provides new insights into HPV-host interactions at the epithelial and immune cell levels. We have unravelled the central role of ACKR3 in keratinocyte intrinsic response against HPV and deepen our knowledge on the role of CXCL12/CXCR4 in skin immunity in health and in HPV carcinogenesis
Jiguet-Jiglaire, Carine. "Influence de la présence d’un mélanome de type b16 sur le recrutement de cellules immunitaires par voie sanguine chez la souris mus musculuse." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30261.
Full textTumor can induce perturbations in the immune system. My PhD studies showed that recruitment of naïve lymphocytes is impaired in tumor-draining lymph nodes (LNs). Intravital microscopy analysis of the tumor-draining LNs revealed that this effect is associated with an important defect in lymphocyte adhesion in the HEVs, and a decreased of the CCL21 chemokine. This defect of recruitment is extendable to the others secondary lymphoid organs. I investigated tumor effects on the different subsets of immune cells recruited into the LNs through HEVs. I found that in tumor-draining LNs, recruitment of T cells and B cells subsets was differently affected with a similar weak alteration of homing in both populations but a more pronounced decrease of sticking in HEVs for the B cell subset. Finally, preliminary experiments indicate that plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC), another immune cell population entering LNs through HEVs, appear to be recruited more actively in the presence of a tumor
Masson, Damien. "Formes solubles et variants d'expression de CD44 : aspects biochimiques et clinico-biologiques dans le cancer colorectal." Nantes, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NANT01VS.
Full textDefilles, Céline. "L' impact du dialogue entre intégrines sur la migration cellulaire." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX22956.
Full textChaisemartin, Luc de. "Etude de l’organisation et des fonctions des lymphocytes T au sein des structures lymphoïdes tertiaires dans le cancer pulmonaire." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066684.
Full textCamus, Matthieu. "Etude des paramètres immunologiques du microenvironnement tumoral associés au pronostic des patients atteints de cancers colorectaux." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066020.
Full textDe, Silva Jasenthu L. P. "The role of the transcription factor FOXP1 in the immune response to breast cancer." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2018. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/264152/4/Thesis.pdf.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques (Médecine)
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Faget, Julien. "Les lymphocytes T CD4 régulateurs dans le cancer du sein, recrutement, enrichissement par les cellules dendritiques plasmacytoïdes et impact de l’axe de co-stimulation ICOS/ICOSL." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10310/document.
Full textTumor immunosbversion favors disease progression and is mediated by increased IL-10 secretion, reduced type-I IFN production and regulatory T cell (Treg) accumulation among CD4+ T cell in breast tumor. We showed that the presence of high number of both Treg and/or plasmacytoid DC (pDC) a subpopulation of antigen presenting celles correlates with poor prognosis in breast carcinoma. We previoously demonstrated that CCR4+ Treg are recruited from the periphery trough CCL22 production by breast tumor cells. Tumor-asssociated Treg (Ta-Treg) are highly activated (GITRhighHDLA-DRhighCD39high), show a selective expression of high levels of ICOS and proliferate in situ (Ki-67+). Tumor associated (Ta-) pDC express a partially activated phenotype but their type-1 interferon (IFN) production is strongly impaired in human tumors. pDc secretion of type-I IFN is linked to their capacity to induce anti-viral and anti-tumor immunity in mice models. We shown that 1) Ta-Treg and Ta-pDC colocalize in breast tumor section and 2) TapDC favor Ta-Treg proliferation and IL-10 secretion by CD4+ T cells in absence of type-I IFN. Ogf importance, targeting ICOS with a neutralizing antibody suppresses Ta-Treg proliferation as well as IL-10 secretion inpDC/CD4+ T cell co-culture, demonstrationg a riole of ICOS-ICOS-L interaction in Ta-Treg proliferation mediated by Ta-pDC. At the end, we report that high ICOS expression in breast tumor sections is associated with reduced patient's overall and disease free survival. Altogether these observations suggest that ICOS in breat cancer may represent a therapeutic target to restore anti-tumor immunity
Wendling, Cathy-Anne. "Subjectivité et accompagnement clinique des femmes ayant un cancer du sein." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA070114.
Full textThis dissertation deals with the cognitive, emotional and imaginary dimensions of the subjectivity of breast cancer patients in western post-modern society from a socio-historical perspective. It also explores the impact of the relationship with the entourage, the healthcare professionals, as well as the influence of the medical treatment and the recourse to alternative medicine on the patients' psyche, taking psycho-neuro-immunological aspects into account. Moreover, the question of the psychosomatic potentialities of the psychological care offered to the ailing subject is also addressed as well as the symbolic and subjective place, the theoretical standpoint and the clinical practice of psychologists working in an oncology department
CHARRIER, SABINE. "Interet therapeutique de la chimiotherapie premiere tncf (theprubicine*, navelbine*, cyclophosphamide et fluoro-uracile) dans le cancer du sein et etude des cellules souches hematopoietiques peripheriques induites : immunologie et hemato-cancerologie." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998CLF1PP07.
Full textLe, Priol Jérôme. "Hétérogénéité phénotypique et fonctionnelle des lymphocytes T CD4+ intrafolliculaires dans le lymphome folliculaire." Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1S143.
Full textFollicular lymphoma (FL) is the most common indolent non Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Despite a stabilization of incidence and a decreased mortality owing to new drug strategies, survival median is about only 10 years. This tumor is characterized by an accumulation of tumor B cells in lymph nodes. Importantly, the non-tumor microenvironment has a pivotal role in the maintenance and survival of FL B cells. Among the microenvironment-forming-cells, we focused on intrafollicular CD4+ T cells. We showed that intrafollicular CD4+ T cells comprised follicular helper T cells (TFH) supporting the tumor B cell growth. Despite the similarities between FL and tonsil TFH gene expression profile, we revealed some discrepancies, and showed that FL TFH expressed more CD40-L and IL-4 than tonsil TFH. Interestingly, these two factors were able to rescue FL tumor B cells from Rituximab mediated complement-dependent cell apoptosis. In addition, we also revealed the presence of intrafollicular Treg, called TFR. Despite their similar phenotype with TFH, TFR exerted a strong suppressive activity against effector T cells. Overall, we described in the FL microenvironment the presence of two CD4+ T cell subsets sharing similar membrane phenotype but displaying opposite functional properties: either a direct growth effect on tumor FL B cells, or a suppressive activity on effector T cells
Grandclaudon, Maximilien. "Analyses multivariées de la génération de la diversité des cytokines des cellules T CD4 et association de cette diversité aux différents sous types de cancer du sein." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS286/document.
Full textToday several levels of complexity have emerged in the field of T helper cytokines: 1) the important number of distinct cytokines that Th cell can secrete in various combinations; 2) The multiplicity of signals that can act during Th differentiation to define the Th cytokine secretion profiles 3) The associations of these T helper secretion profiles with complex diseases. During my PhD I focused on these three levels of complexity and study the generation of T helper cytokine diversity and its association to breast cancer subtypes using multivariate analysis and statistical modeling. First, I was able to build the first statistical model linking 37 dendritic cell derived signals to 18 T helper cytokines. Using this model to derive in silico predictions, I was able to found a new role for IL-12p70 as a promoter of Th17 differentiation and as a main differential inducer of IL-17F independently of Il-17A in presence of IL-1. Then, studying the associations of the Th cytokine diversity with the different subtypes of human breast cancers, I found that Th17 cytokines were preferentially associated to Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC). I found that TNBC patients with a high Th17 signature had a better survival. In addition, I showed that Th17 can be combined to clinical prognosis assessment scores, such as the Nottingham Prognosis Index, to better stratify TNBC patients in relevant subgroups for survival prognosis assessment
Constantin, Florin. "Analyse de l'expression d'antigènes cibles pour l'immunothérapie dans divers cancers." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26775/26775.pdf.
Full textWathelet, Nathalie. "Etude de l'effet du cyclophosphamide sur la réponse immunitaire spécifique du mastocytome P815." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209566.
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Doctorat en Sciences
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Hanoteau, Aurélie. "Chemotherapy potentiates immune responses against murine tumors." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/231745/5/Thesis.pdf.
Full textOption Biologie moléculaire du Doctorat en Sciences
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Limagne, Emeric. "Implication des cellules myéloïdes immunosuppressives (MDSC) et des lymphocytes TH17 dans l’efficacité des chimiothérapies et de l’immunothérapie." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEP004/document.
Full textActual oncology is still facing resistance and rapid progression of cancer. Intrinsic resistance mechanisms developed by tumor cells determine chemotherapy and immunotherapy efficacy. It is now recognized that the host immune response status is in part implicated in the therapeutic outcome of patients. The aim of our research team is to characterize this response and to study the impact of therapies in order to identify the mechanisms associated with future exhaust of the tumor. In this context, we have shown that chemotherapy (5-FU, oxaliplatin, anti-VEGF: FOLFOX-bevacizumab) in some patients causes a drop in devices gMDSC (granulocytic myeloid derived suppressive cells) that is associated with better therapeutic response. Nevertheless, as in mice, this effect on gMDSC causes an elevation of Th17, a pro-angiogenic population, which limits the effectiveness of chemotherapy. The result of our work was aimed to test the effect "anti-Th17" activating SIRT1 deacetylase histone. SIRT1 is an enzyme capable of disrupting the acetylation of STAT3, a key factor in the differentiation of Th17. We have shown that by using pharmacological agonists SIRT1 (resveratrol, SRT1720, metformin) inhibits Th17 polarization by deacetylation of STAT3 and that this effect can limit tumor growth in colorectal and melanoma murine models (B16F10, CT26). We validated this concept in humans, suggesting that it is possible to target Th17 cells by this strategy in addition to chemotherapy. The final component of this work is devoted to the comparison of peripheral immunological profile of healthy volunteers to a prospective cohort of non-small cell lung cancer. This study has allowed us to highlight the immune alterations induced by the tumor and to link these changes in response to nivolumab (anti-PD-1). A first response predictive model could be generated using data from a panel analysis of myeloid cells. This model proves once again that gMDSC have a negative predictive role, while antigen presenting (dendritic cells and monocytes) expressing PD-L1 has a good predictive role. Data presented in this section are preliminary and must be confirmed with the validation cohort that is currently included. All of this work has shown that it is essential to specifically target immunosuppressive myeloid cells and Th17 to promote the efficacy of chemotherapy and immunotherapy in cancer
Berger, Patrick. "Rôles des protéases mastocytaires dans l'asthme bronchique." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR23027.
Full textŠilanskas, Mantas. "Oncolytic viruses armed with immunostimulatory genes for cancer treatment." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för immunologi, genetik och patologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-353153.
Full textCourau, Tristan. "Impacts de la production de VEGF et de TGF Bêta par les cellules tumorales sur la réponse immunitaire aux tumeurs et la mise en place de la tolérance dominante par les lymphocytes T régulateurs." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066586.
Full textMy thesis aims at studying the impact tumor-derived immunosuppressive molecules TGFβ and VEGF on the dominant tolerance establishment by regulatory T cells (Tregs). For this I used murine B16 melanoma tumor cell lines knocked-down by shRNA for the expression of TGFβ or VEGF. I observed that these silencings induce dramatic changes in the immune response against tumors, which result in a large decrease of its regulatory arm and a strong increase of its effector arm. These changes result from very early mechanisms that differ between VEGF and TGFβ silencings. Accordingly, simultaneous targeting of TGFβ and VEGF induces significant tumor rejection, and their additional targeting in the anti-PD-1 / anti-CTLA-4 therapeutic strategy brings obvious additive effect. Globally, our results show that tumor-derived VEGF and TGFβ are important factors for the mobilization of Tregs and more generally for immune tolerance to tumors, and that there is a strong rational to combine their targeting with the different existing anti-tumor therapies
Vincent, Julie. "Rôles des cellules myéloïdes suppressives et des infiltrats immunitaires dans le cancer." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00967901.
Full textKora, Hafid. "Caractérisation de peptides HLA-A2.1 restreints immunogènes dans le cadre des cancers colorectaux à instabilité microsatellitaire : développement de nouvelles approches d'immunothérapie cellulaire spécifique." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR092/document.
Full textImmunotherapy represents a major advance in cancer patient management. Recent use of anti-checkpoint antibodies, that reinforce the natural cellular anti-tumor immune response, has revived interest for specific cellular immunotherapy approaches in cancers. Nevertheless, the difficulty of identifying highly immunogenic tumor antigens capable of specifically stimulating efficient anti-tumor T lymphocytes (TLs) is a considerable barrier to the development of such approaches. In order to identify such antigens, artificial antigen presenting cells (AAPCs) expressing the most common HLA class I molecule, HLA-A2.1, were developed in the laboratory. After gammaretroviral transduction, these AAPCs also express a directly-encoded peptide of interest or a full-length antigen, degraded by these cells into peptides as human antigen presenting cells (APCs) do. These AAPCs are capable of efficiently stimulating specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) against tumor antigens. Two major approaches for the identification of tumor antigens of therapeutic interest have been used. The first one is a direct approach of identification of HLA-A2.1-restricted peptides based on the elution of HLA-A2.1-peptide complexes expressed by our AAPCs and their analysis by mass spectrometry. The second one is a reverse immunology approach based on in silico predictions of HLA-A2.1-restricted epitopes using available MHC pocket biochemical data. In both approaches, functional tests were performed in vitro with our AAPCs to test the immunogenicity of the studied peptides. In the first study, we used tandem mass spectrometry coupled with liquid chromatography, which has been until today the technology of choice for the rapid identification of hundreds of MHC ligands in different experimental approaches. Starting from AAPCs encoding known immunogenic M1m, M1 and FSP02 peptides, specific CTLs could be obtained against these peptides, and we were able to characterize them by mass spectrometry. Starting from AAPCs encoding full length antigens from which these peptides are derived, peptide-specific CTLs were also obtained, but we were unable to characterize them by mass spectrometry. Therefore, highly immunogenic peptides, capable of stimulating strong anti-tumor cellular immune responses, may not be detected by mass spectrometry, rendering questionable the use of this technique for selecting clinically relevant peptides. In the second study, we started from predicted peptides. We were able to mount specific immune responses against FSP25 and FSP26 in silico predicted neoepitopes, derived from the CASP5 (-1) mutated protein found in 60% of microsatellite instability (MSI) colorectal cancer (CCR) patients. CASP5 is involved in programmed cell death and we have shown that MSI CRC patients whose tumors harbored this CASP5 (-1) mutation had less good prognosis. We have also shown that in HLA-A2+ MSI CASP5 (-1)-mutated CRC patients, specific CTLs could be obtained against FSP25 and FSP26 epitopes, capable of specifically lysing HLA-A2+ MSI CRC cell line HCT116 also harboring this mutation. Therefore, the mutated caspase-5 protein might be a therapeutic target of major interest for personalized specific immunotherapy strategies in the context of MSI CASP5 (-1)-mutated CRCs. In both studies, our AAPCs were a tool of choice for the development of personalized specific immunotherapy strategies, either for cellular adoptive approaches, to determine which antigens should be targeted or to directly activate and amplify in vitro antigen of interest-specific TLs which would be transferred in vivo, or for vaccine approaches, to identify the most immunogenic antigens which should be included in an efficacious vaccine
Jonveaux, Philippe. "Les mutations du gène suppresseur de tumeur TP 53 dans les hémopathies malignes." Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR2M147.
Full textBaloche, Valentin. "Contributions négatives et positives de la galectine-9 au développement tumoral : étude dans des modèles tumoraux murins syngéniques In the MB49 Murine Model, Genetic Ablation of Galectin-9 Enhances Anti-Tumor Immune Response: Possible Role of a Greater CXCL9/Il-6 Production Tumor Exosomal Micrornas Thwarting Anti-Tumor Immune Responses in Nasopharyngeal Carcinomas Interferon β and Anti-PD1/PD-L1 Checkpoint Blockade Cooperate in NK Cell-Mediated Killing of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells Interferon Beta Increases NK Cell Cytotoxicity against Tumor Cells in Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma via Tumor Necrosis Factor Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand Emerging Therapeutic Targets for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Opportunities and Challenges Galectin-9 Promotes a Suppressive Microenvironment in Human Cancer by Enhancing STING Degradation." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS117.
Full textLike other galectins, galectin-9 (gal-9) is an animal lectin which interacts with a defined subgroup of glycans carried by glycoproteins or glycolipids. Gal-9 associated with cells performs multiple functions in the cytoplasm, in the nucleus and at the surface of the plasma membrane. Some publications suggest that intracellular gal-9 inhibits the mobility of malignant cells and exerts an anti-metastatic effect. In addition, gal-9 can be secreted into the extracellular medium where it behaves like a cytokine with mainly immunosuppressive effects. These effects have been demonstrated in the context of human tumors and in mouse tumor models. However, so far there was no murine tumor model available to assess the pro-tumor or anti-tumor effet of gal-9 independently of gal-9 produced by infiltrating cells. To address this issue, we derived isogenic clones invalidated or not for gal-9 from 2 murine tumoral lines : CT26 (BABL/c genetic background) and MB49 (C57BL/6 genetic background), using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. In the case of the MB49 line, we were able to demonstrate a remarkable phenotype in vivo. During serial transplantations, we saw, for tumors derived from invalidated clones, a dramatic reduction in tumor growth after 3 or 4 passages in syngenic mice but not in immunodeficient mice. The emergence of the immune response responsible for this arrest of tumor growth was investigated by immunohistochemistry, multiplex cytokine assay in tumor extracts and transcriptome analysis by RNAseq. Increased intra-tumor production of interferon-γ, CXCL9 and Il-6 appears to play an important role in enhancing the immune response against KO-gal-9 tumors
Lundgren, Christian. "Immune responses in urogenital cancer." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-269894.
Full textSisirak, Vanja. "Functional characterization of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in human breast tumors and identification of their migratory capacities during inflammation." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10038.
Full textDendritic cells are professional antigen presenting cells initiating and modulating immune responses. Among them, plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) represent key antiviral effectors through their production of high amounts of type I interferons (IFN). Their infiltration in breast tumors was correlated with a adverse clinical outcome, suggesting that the tumor environment somehow subvert pDC functions which in turn may promote the tumor growth. In this line, we demonstrated that breast tumor-associated pDC (TApDC) keep their ability to acquire a fully mature phenotype after TLR7 or 9 triggering and to activate naïve T cells proliferation, while they are strongly impaired for their capacity to produce type I IFN. This alteration of their main innate function is mediated by tumor-derived TGF-β and TNFα. SMAD phosphorylation in breast TApDC in situ further confirmed TGF-β signaling involvement in their dysfunction. These observations represent mechanistic of how breast tumors impair pDC function, and provide insights for developing new therapeutic strategies preventing the negative impact of tumor factors on infiltrating pDC. In addition to their description in many types of tumors including carcinoma, pDC also traffic into inflamed epithelial sites during viral infections or autoimmunity. But mechanisms underlying such pDC homing still remain unclear. Here we also report that a subset of tonsil pDC express CCR6 and CCR10 receptors for epithelial homing chemokines CCL20 and CCL27/28 respectively. In situ, pDC in inflamed epithelia are found in close contact with CCR6 and CCR10 ligands, indicating that CCR6/CCL20 and CCR10/CCL27/28 axis might mediate pDC homing in inflamed peripheral sites. These observations were further confirmed in vivo since inflammation-induced recruitment of pDC into melanoma tumor was abrogated in CCR6-deficient mice. Importantly, CCR6 and CCR10 expression was induced on human blood pDC in vitro in presence of IL-3 and such differentiated pDC keep their ability to produce type I IFN upon viral stimulation. Thus, our results also demonstrate that blood pDC might be conditioned through CCR6 and 10 upregulation to home inflamed epithelia during infectious or non-infectious disorders where they can exert their innate functions. This work may lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies to mobilize and manipulate the function of pDC - from inducing tolerance to inducing antiviral-like anti-tumor immunity