Journal articles: 'Immunological Analyses'

1

De Frutos, Mercedes, and Fred E. Regnier. "Tandem chromatographic-immunological analyses." Analytical Chemistry 65, no. 1 (January 1993): 17A—25A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00049a001.

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Frutos, Mercedes de, and Fred E. Regnier. "Tandem Chromatographic-Immunological Analyses." Analytical Chemistry 65, no. 1 (January 1993): 17A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00049a716.

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Sirisinha, S., D. Sahassananda, D. Bunnag, and H. J. Rim. "Immunological analysis ofOpisthorchisandClonorchisantigens." Journal of Helminthology 64, no. 2 (June 1990): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00012049.

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ABSTRACTImmunoreactive components ofOpisthorchis viverriniandClonorchis sinensiswere analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), radioimmunoprecipitation and immunoblotting. Somatic extracts from these two liver flukes as well as from other related parasites, together with the metabolic products, were tested for their reactivities with sera from patients with opisthorchiasis and clonorchiasis. A significant cross-reactivity in the ELISA was noted betweenOpisthorchisandClonorchis. Immunoblotting and radioimmunoprecipitation analyses showed that the 89-kD protein which was previously shown to be a predominant metabolic product ofO. viverrinireacted with sera from both groups of patients. However, an antigen with a molecular weight of 16 kD, apparently a predominant somatic component, appeared to be specific forO. viverrini.

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Giroglou, Tzenan, Martin Sapp, Christopher Lane, Claudia Fligge, Neil D. Christensen, Rolf E. Streeck, and Robert C. Rose. "Immunological analyses of human papillomavirus capsids." Vaccine 19, no. 13-14 (February 2001): 1783–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0264-410x(00)00370-4.

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Bettiol, Michael F., Randall T. Irvin, and Paul A. Horgen. "Immunological analyses of selected eukaryotic RNA polymerases II." Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology 63, no. 12 (December 1, 1985): 1217–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o85-153.

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Polyclonal antibodies to native RNA polymerase II of Achlya ambisexualis and Agaricus bisporus were produced in rabbits and in mice. Monoclonal antibodies were produced against the α-amanitin resistant RNA polymerase II of the mushroom A. bisporus. These antibodies were used in comparative cross-reactivity studies with five purified RNA polymerases II (A. bisporus, A. ambisexualis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, wheat germ, and calf thymus). A method for quantitatively comparing cross-reactivity was developed utilizing an enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). ELIS A comparisons indicated that the two filamentous fungi cross-reacted effectively with one another and depending upon the preparation reacted less effectively with yeast and wheat germ RNA polymerases II. Cross-reactivity measurements were also made by immunoblotting sodium dodecyl sulfate – polyacrylamide separated RNA polymerases II. The mouse anti-A. bisporus RNA polymerase II immunoglobulin G (IgG) and the monoclonal antibody preparations did not react with high molecular subunits of A. bisporus RNA polymerase II. The sera did, however, cross-react with high molecular weight subunits of A. ambisexualis. Similarily, rabbit anti-A. ambisexualis RNA polymerase II IgG reacted only with low molecular weight subunits of A. bisporus RNA polymerase II, but reacted with high molecular weight subunits of A. ambisexualis and wheat germ. Our results indicate differences in the cross-reactivity of native and denatured RNA polymerases II and suggest differences in the tertiary and quaternary organization of the enzymes examined.

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Petraglia, Michael, Dennis Knepper, Petar Glumac, Margaret Newman, and Carole Sussman. "Immunological and Microwear Analysis of Chipped-Stone Artifacts from Piedmont Contexts." American Antiquity 61, no. 1 (January 1996): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/282307.

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Immunological and microwear analysis was performed on 100 chipped-stone artifacts from four prehistoric sites located in the Virginia Piedmont. A total of 20 artifacts returned positive results for immunological analysis and 16 artifacts returned microwear results. The findings indicate the negative effects of postdepositional processes and the potential utility of the techniques for deciphering prehistoric activities, otherwise unavailable by conventional studies in piedmont contexts. The study further illustrates the value and problems associated with immunological and microwear analyses on chipped-stone assemblages.

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Lucas, Carolina, Patrick Wong, Jon Klein, Tiago B. R. Castro, Julio Silva, Maria Sundaram, Mallory K. Ellingson, et al. "Longitudinal analyses reveal immunological misfiring in severe COVID-19." Nature 584, no. 7821 (July 27, 2020): 463–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2588-y.

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Peng, I., L. I. Binder, and M. M. Black. "Biochemical and immunological analyses of cytoskeletal domains of neurons." Journal of Cell Biology 102, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 252–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.102.1.252.

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We have used cultured sympathetic neurons to identify microtubule proteins (tubulin and microtubule-associated proteins [MAPs]) and neurofilament (NF) proteins in pure preparations of axons and also to examine the distribution of these proteins between axons and cell bodies + dendrites. Pieces of sympathetic ganglia containing thousands of neurons were plated onto culture dishes and allowed to extend neurites. Dendrites remained confined to the ganglionic explant or cell body mass (CBM), while axons extended away from the CBM for several millimeters. Axons were separated from cell bodies and dendrites by dissecting the CBM away from cultures, and the resulting axonal and CBM preparations were analyzed using biochemical, immunoblotting, and immunoprecipitation methods. Cultures were used after 17 d in vitro, when 40-60% of total protein was in the axons. The 68,000-mol-wt NF subunit is present in both axons and CBM in roughly equal amounts. The 145,000- and 200,000-mol-wt NF subunits each consist of several variants which differ in phosphorylation state; poorly and nonphosphorylated species are present only in the CBM, whereas more heavily phosphorylated forms are present in axons and, to a lesser extent, the CBM. One 145,000-mol-wt NF variant was axon specific. Tubulin is roughly equally distributed between CBM and axon-like neurites of explant cultures. MAP-1a, MAP-1b, MAP-3, and the 60,000-mol-wt MAP are also present in the CBM and axon-like neurites and show distribution patterns similar to that of tubulin. In contrast, MAP-2 was detected only in the CBM, while tau and the 210,000-mol-wt MAP were greatly enriched in axons compared to the CBM. In immunostaining analyses, MAP-2 localized to cell bodies and dendrite-like neurites, but not to axon-like neurites, whereas antibodies to tubulin and MAP-1b localized to all regions of the neurons. The regional differences in composition of the neuronal cytoskeleton presumably generate corresponding differences in its structure, which may, in turn, contribute to the morphological differences between axons and dendrites.

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Zhang, Xiao-mei, Eiry Kobatake, Kiyoaki Kobayashi, Yasuko Yanagida, and Masuo Aizawa. "Genetically Fused Protein A–Luciferase for Immunological Blotting Analyses." Analytical Biochemistry 282, no. 1 (June 2000): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/abio.2000.4584.

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Mitsui-Sekinaka, Kanako, Satoshi Narumi, Yujin Sekinaka, Kenji Uematsu, Yusuke Yoshida, Naoko Amano, Hirohito Shima, Tomonobu Hasegawa, and Shigeaki Nonoyama. "Clinical and Immunological Analyses of Ten Patients with MIRAGE Syndrome." Journal of Clinical Immunology 41, no. 3 (January 9, 2021): 709–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10875-020-00964-7.

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Arnold, Françoise, Laurent Bédouet, Pierre Batina, Georges Robreau, Françoise Talbot, Pierre Lécher, and Roger Malcoste. "Biochemical and Immunological Analyses of the Flagellin ofClostridium tyrobutyricumATCC 25755." Microbiology and Immunology 42, no. 1 (January 1998): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1348-0421.1998.tb01965.x.

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Carlyon, Jason A., David M. Roberts, Michael Theisen, Christina Sadler, and Richard T. Marconi. "Molecular and Immunological Analyses of theBorrelia turicatae Bdr Protein Family." Infection and Immunity 68, no. 4 (April 1, 2000): 2369–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.68.4.2369-2373.2000.

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ABSTRACT Here, we describe the molecular and immunological characterization of the bdr gene family of Borrelia turicatae, a relapsing-fever spirochete. Ninebdr alleles belonging to two different subfamilies were sequenced and localized to linear plasmids. Anti-Bdr antiserum was generated and used to analyze Bdr expression in pre- and postinfection isogenic populations. The analyses presented here provide a detailed characterization of the Bdr proteins in a relapsing-fever spirochete species, enhancing our understanding of these proteins at the genus-wide level.

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Kaneko, Y. "Molecular, Biochemical and Immunological Analyses of Canine Pancreatic DNase I." Journal of Biochemistry 134, no. 5 (November 1, 2003): 711–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jb/mvg196.

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Mori, Shinjiro, Toshihiro Yasuda, Haruo Takeshita, Tamiko Nakajima, Emiko Nakazato, Kouichi Mogi, Yasushi Kaneko, and Koichiro Kishi. "Molecular, biochemical and immunological analyses of porcine pancreatic DNase I." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure and Molecular Enzymology 1547, no. 2 (June 2001): 275–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-4838(01)00196-0.

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Jäger, L., W. D. Müller, and Barbel Fahlbusch. "Immunological Analyses of Phl p V." International Archives of Allergy and Immunology 107, no. 1-3 (1995): 464. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000237084.

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Biermann, Jan, Jeannette Gootjes, Bruno M. Humbel, Tobias B. Dansen, Ronald J. A. Wanders, and Henk Van Den Bosch. "Immunological analyses of alkyl-dihydroxyacetonephosphate synthase in human peroxisomal disorders." European Journal of Cell Biology 78, no. 5 (May 1999): 339–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0171-9335(99)80068-5.

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Xu, Duo, Shengchen Liu, Xi Wu, Thomas M. Marti, Patrick Dorn, Ralph A. Schmid, Ren-Wang Peng, and Yongqian Shu. "Dissecting the Immunological Profiles in NSD3-Amplified LUSC through Integrative Multi-Scale Analyses." Cancers 14, no. 20 (October 12, 2022): 4997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14204997.

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The histone H3 lysine 36 (H3K36) methyltransferase NSD3, a neighboring gene of FGFR1, has been identified as a critical genetic driver of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). However, the molecular characteristics, especially the immunological roles of NSD3 in driving carcinogenesis, are poorly understood. In this study, we systematically integrated multi-omics data (e.g., genome, transcriptome, proteome, and TMA array) to dissect the immunological profiles in NSD3-amplified LUSC. Next, pharmaco-transcriptomic correlation analysis was implemented to identify the molecular underpinnings and therapeutic vulnerabilities in LUSC. We revealed that NSD3-amplified LUSC presents a non-inflamed tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) state in multiple independent LUSC patient cohorts. Predictably, elevated NSD3 expression was correlated with a worse immunotherapy outcome. Further molecular characterizations revealed that the high activity of unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling might be a pivotal mediator for the non-immunogenic phenotype of NSD3-amplified LUSC. Concordantly, we showed that NSD3-amplified LUSCs exhibited a more sensitive phenotype to compounds targeting UPR branches than the wild-type group. In brief, our multi-level analyses point to a previously unappreciated immunological role for NSD3 and provide therapeutic rationales for NSD3-amplified squamous lung cancer.

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Liang, ZG, PA O'Hern, B. Yavetz, H. Yavetz, and E. Goldberg. "Human testis cDNAs identified by sera from infertile patients: a molecular biological approach to immunocontraceptive development." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 6, no. 3 (1994): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd9940297.

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Sera from patients with known or suspected immunological infertility were used to screen a human testis cDNA library. A total of 59 sera detected 38 unique cDNA inserts of which four were testis specific by Northern blot analyses. One of these is a testis-specific isoform of calpastatin. Five additional clones, although not testis specific, were found to be testis abundant. The number and type of clones identified by these human sera suggests a possible aetiology for immunologic infertility. The testis-specific clones will be further characterized to establish their usefulness as contraceptive vaccine candidates.

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Sathe, Shridhar K., Suzanne S. Teuber, Thomas M. Gradziel, and Kenneth H. Roux. "Electrophoretic and Immunological Analyses of Almond (Prunus dulcisL.) Genotypes and Hybrids." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 49, no. 4 (April 2001): 2043–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf001303f.

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Kawabata, Hiroki, Fumiyoshi Myouga, Yoshishige Inagaki, Noriyuki Murai, and Haruo Watanabe. "Genetic and immunological analyses of Vls (VMP-like sequences) ofBorrelia burgdorferi." Microbial Pathogenesis 24, no. 3 (March 1998): 155–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/mpat.1997.0183.

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Wolf, Kyle, Julie Maybruck, and Richard J. DiPaolo. "Diagnostic Assessment of Immunological History by High-throughput TCR sequence Analyses." Journal of Immunology 200, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2018): 120.4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.200.supp.120.4.

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Abstract T cell receptor (TCR) rearrangement results in germ-line editing of a T cell’s TCR loci. During infection, T cells with TCRs specific for the pathogen proliferate. Resulting pathogen-specific memory T cells retain the unique germ-line TCR DNA rearrangements, which we hypothesized may be used as molecular biomarkers of prior pathogen exposure. We performed high-throughput sequencing of the TCRβ repertoires of HLA-A2 transgenic mice pre- and post- inoculation with either the smallpox vaccine or highly-related monkeypox virus (MPXV). We generated a database of >2×106 unique TCRβ clonotypes from samples pre- (naïve) and post-exposure to identify TCRs associated with vaccinated/infected samples vs naïve in 58 individual mice. We computationally identified 315 TCRβ sequences statistically associated with post-vaccinated samples, which we used to develop a diagnostic assay to classify samples as naïve or previously-exposed with 97% accuracy up to 9-months post-vaccination. We validated this assay in an independent cohort of MPXV infected mice. The diagnostic platform was adapted to analyze human TCR sequences to distinguish smallpox vaccinated or non-vaccinated individuals. We identified 239 vaccine-associated TCRβ sequences significantly expanded in 100 smallpox vaccinated individuals. A machine learning algorithm was developed to determine individuals’ vaccination status based on the presence of these 239 TCR sequences. Overall, the diagnostic assay correctly identified 74% of non-vaccinated samples and 85% of vaccinated samples. Thus, the analyses support that computational identification of pathogen-associated TCRs is a highly sensitive and specific method for determining prior exposure to an agent or pathogen.

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Gornostaeva, Y. A., M. I. Varfolomeeva, and T. V. Latysheva. "TO THE ISSUE OF IMMUNOLOGICAL EXAMINATION IN CLINICAL PRACTICE." Russian Journal of Allergy 13, no. 4-5 (December 15, 2016): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.36691/rja375.

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de Abreu, F. Vistulo, and P. Mostardinha. "Maximal frustration as an immunological principle." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 6, no. 32 (August 20, 2008): 321–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2008.0280.

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A fundamental problem in immunology is that of understanding how the immune system selects promptly which cells to kill without harming the body. This problem poses an apparent paradox. Strong reactivity against pathogens seems incompatible with perfect tolerance towards self. We propose a different view on cellular reactivity to overcome this paradox: effector functions should be seen as the outcome of cellular decisions which can be in conflict with other cells' decisions. We argue that if cellular systems are frustrated, then extensive cross-reactivity among the elements in the system can decrease the reactivity of the system as a whole and induce perfect tolerance. Using numerical and mathematical analyses, we discuss two simple models that perform optimal pathogenic detection with no autoimmunity if cells are maximally frustrated. This study strongly suggests that a principle of maximal frustration could be used to build artificial immune systems. It would be interesting to test this principle in the real adaptive immune system.

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STEWART, T. H. M., and G. H. HEPPNER. "Immunological enhancement of breast cancer." Parasitology 115, no. 7 (December 1997): 141–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182097001832.

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Breast cancer is a complex disease. Its aetiology is multifactorial, its period of development can span decades, and its clinical course is highly variable. Evaluation of the role of the immune response in either the development or control of breast cancer is also complex. Nevertheless, there is substantial information that in this disease, the immune response is not a host defence reaction and may even serve to facilitate cancer development. This evidence comes from a variety of sources including clinical–pathological investigations in women that show a correlation between the intensity of lymphocytic infiltration into the tumour mass with poor prognosis, studies in breast cancer patients that demonstrate a similar correlation between delayed hypersensitivity reactivity or in vitro assays of immune reactivity to tumour cell membranes or non-specific antigens and poor prognosis, and analyses of cancer incidence in chronically immunosuppressed, kidney transplant recipients who develop an unexpectedly low incidence of breast cancer. The overall conclusions from these human studies are corroborated by observations in mouse mammary tumour models that also demonstrate immune enhancement of breast cell proliferation in vitro and of breast cancer development in vivo. Potential mechanisms for these effects include production, by inflammatory cell infiltrates, of direct or indirect modulators of breast cell growth, e.g. cytokines, peptide or steroid hormones, enzymes involved in steroid metabolism, as well as of antibodies to growth factors or their receptors. These immune facilitatory mechanisms must be overcome if immune-based therapies are to be applied successfully in breast cancer.

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Orazi, Attilio, Giorgio Cattoretti, Gabriella Sozzi, Monica Miozzo, Nicoletta Polli, Domenico Delia, Simonetta Viviani, Elena Negretti, Giuseppe Della Porta, and Franco Rilke. "Morphologic, Immunologic, and Cytogenetic Characteristics of Secondary Acute Unclassifiable Leukemia in Hodgkin's Disease." Tumori Journal 74, no. 4 (August 1988): 439–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030089168807400411.

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Blast cells from five cases of secondary unclassifiable leukemia following therapy for Hodgkin's disease were studied by cytochemical, immunological and cytogenetic analyses. Cytochemical and immunological reactivity were in accordance with poorly differentiated, myeloid blasts. The four cases in which karyotype analysis was performed showed specific chromosomal abnormalities. No evidence of multiple lineage involvement was found. Problems in classifying these cases of secondary ANLL were due to the high grade of undifferentiation of the blast cells. Their low cytochemical reactivity with markers of myeloid differentiation was similar to what may be observed in patients with acute undifferentiated leukemia or with chronic myeloid leukemia in blast crisis.

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Agostinis, Chiara, Elisa Masat, Fleur Bossi, Giuseppe Ricci, Renzo Menegazzi, Letizia Lombardelli, Gabriella Zito, et al. "Transcriptomics and Immunological Analyses Reveal a Pro-Angiogenic and Anti-Inflammatory Phenotype for Decidual Endothelial Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 7 (March 31, 2019): 1604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20071604.

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Background: In pregnancy, excessive inflammation and break down of immunologic tolerance can contribute to miscarriage. Endothelial cells (ECs) are able to orchestrate the inflammatory processes by secreting pro-inflammatory mediators and bactericidal factors by modulating leakiness and leukocyte trafficking, via the expression of adhesion molecules and chemokines. The aim of this study was to analyse the differences in the phenotype between microvascular ECs isolated from decidua (DECs) and ECs isolated from human skin (ADMECs). Methods: DECs and ADMECs were characterized for their basal expression of angiogenic factors and adhesion molecules. A range of immunological responses was evaluated, such as vessel leakage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in response to TNF-α stimulation, adhesion molecules expression and leukocyte migration in response to TNF-α and IFN-γ stimulation. Results: DECs produced higher levels of HGF, VEGF-A and IGFBP3 compared to ADMECs. DECs expressed adhesion molecules, ICAM-2 and ICAM-3, and a mild response to TNF-α was observed. Finally, DECs produced high levels of CXCL9/MIG and CXCL10/IP-10 in response to IFN-γ and selectively recruited Treg lymphocytes. Conclusion: DEC phenotype differs considerably from that of ADMECs, suggesting that DECs may play an active role in the control of immune response and angiogenesis at the foetal-maternal interface.

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Nawaz, Ahmad Ahsan, Ruth Helmus Nissly, Peng Li, Yuchao Chen, Feng Guo, Sixing Li, Yasir M. Shariff, Arooj Nawaz Qureshi, Lin Wang, and Tony Jun Huang. "Immunological Analyses of Whole Blood via “Microfluidic Drifting” Based Flow Cytometric Chip." Annals of Biomedical Engineering 42, no. 11 (June 4, 2014): 2303–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10439-014-1041-5.

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Nava Rodrigues, Daniel, Pasquale Rescigno, David Liu, Wei Yuan, Suzanne Carreira, Maryou B. Lambros, George Seed, et al. "Immunogenomic analyses associate immunological alterations with mismatch repair defects in prostate cancer." Journal of Clinical Investigation 128, no. 10 (September 4, 2018): 4441–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/jci121924.

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Rodrigues, Daniel Nava, Pasquale Rescigno, David Liu, Wei Yuan, Suzanne Carreira, Maryou B. Lambros, George Seed, et al. "Immunogenomic analyses associate immunological alterations with mismatch repair defects in prostate cancer." Journal of Clinical Investigation 128, no. 11 (November 1, 2018): 5185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/jci125184.

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Siddiqui, Bilal A., Jean-Bernard Durand, Jianjun Gao, Jianbo Wang, Ana Aparicio, Matthew T. Campbell, Arlene O. Siefker-Radtke, et al. "Clinical and immunological analyses of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated neuromuscular (NM) toxicities." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): e14118-e14118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e14118.

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e14118 Background: A rare and often fatal spectrum of NM immune-related adverse events (irAEs) includes myositis, myocarditis, and myasthenia gravis (MG). A deeper understanding of their clinical and immunologic features may improve outcomes. Methods: Sixteen patients (pts) with genitourinary cancers who were treated with ICI and developed myositis, myocarditis, MG, or overlap syndrome (≥2) were identified. Diagnostic criteria included serum CK (n=16), aldolase (n=14), troponin (n=12), BNP (n=15), autoantibodies (n=16), and cytokines (n=9). Biopsies of skeletal muscle (n=13) and endomyocardium (n=4) were also obtained. Immune profiling is being performed on blood and tissue for pts consented to an institutional-approved laboratory protocol. Results: ICI-associated NM irAEs consisted of isolated myositis (n=8, 50%), myocarditis (n=1, 6%), MG (n=1, 6%), or overlap syndrome (n=6, 38%), with the most common presenting symptom being weakness (n=9, 56%). CK levels were elevated in 15 (94%) pts, and autoantibodies were detected in 9 (56%). Muscle biopsies showed predominantly T cell infiltration. All 16 pts received corticosteroids, 12 (75%) were treated with other immunosuppressive agents, and 14 (88%) underwent plasmapheresis. Five pts (50%) with isolated irAEs achieved symptom resolution, and none in the overlap group. (Table) Conclusions: NM irAEs occurred more frequently with combination ICI, and were associated with weakness, and elevated CK level and serum autoantibodies. Both T and B cells appear to drive disease pathogenesis. The presence of one toxicity on the spectrum warrants evaluation for associated irAEs. Compared to isolated NM irAEs, the overlap syndrome appears to be more treatment refractory. Current guidelines require refinement to identify effective treatments to improve outcomes. [Table: see text]

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Zangheri, Martina, Maria Maddalena Calabretta, Donato Calabria, Jessica Fiori, Massimo Guardigli, Elisa Michelini, Sonia Melandri, Assimo Maris, Mara Mirasoli, and Luca Evangelisti. "Immunological Analytical Techniques for Cosmetics Quality Control and Process Monitoring." Processes 9, no. 11 (November 6, 2021): 1982. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9111982.

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Cosmetics analysis represents a rapidly expanding field of analytical chemistry as new cosmetic formulations are increasingly in demand on the market and the ingredients required for their production are constantly evolving. Each country applies strict legislation regarding substances in the final product that must be prohibited or regulated. To verify the compliance of cosmetics with current regulations, official analytical methods are available to reveal and quantitatively determine the analytes of interest. However, since ingredients, and the lists of regulated/prohibited substances, rapidly change, dedicated analytical methods must be developed ad hoc to fulfill the new requirements. Research focuses on finding innovative techniques that allow a rapid, inexpensive, and sensitive detection of the target analytes in cosmetics. Among the different methods proposed, immunological techniques are gaining interest, as they make it possible to carry out low-cost analyses on raw materials and finished products in a relatively short time. Indeed, immunoassays are based on the specific and selective antibody/antigen reaction, and they have been extensively applied for clinical diagnostic, alimentary quality control and environmental security purposes, and even for routine analysis. Since the complexity and variability of the matrices, as well as the great variety of compounds present in cosmetics, are analogous with those from food sources, immunological methods could also be applied successfully in this field. Indeed, this would provide a valid approach for the monitoring of industrial production chains even in developing countries, which are currently the greatest producers of cosmetics and the major exporters of raw materials. This review aims to highlight the immunological techniques proposed for cosmetics analysis, focusing on the detection of prohibited/regulated compounds, bacteria and toxins, and allergenic substances, and the identification of counterfeits.

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Goto, Yasuyuki, Darrick Carter, and Steven G. Reed. "Immunological Dominance of Trypanosoma cruzi Tandem Repeat Proteins." Infection and Immunity 76, no. 9 (July 14, 2008): 3967–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00604-08.

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ABSTRACT Proteins with tandem repeat (TR) domains have been found in various protozoan parasites, often acting as targets of B-cell responses. However, the extent of the repeats within Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas’ disease, has not been examined well. Here, we present a systematic survey of the TR genes found in T. cruzi, in comparison with other organisms. Although the characteristics of TR genes varied from organism to organism, the presence of genes having large TR domains was unique to the trypanosomatids examined, including T. cruzi. Sequence analyses of T. cruzi TR genes revealed their divergency; they do not share such characteristics as sequence similarity or biased cellular location predicted by the presence of a signal sequence or transmembrane domain(s). In contrast, T. cruzi TR proteins seemed to possess significant antigenicity. A number of previously characterized T. cruzi antigens were detected by this computational screening, and several of those antigens contained a large TR domain. Further analyses of the T. cruzi genome demonstrated that previously uncharacterized TR proteins in this organism may also be immunodominant. Taken together, T. cruzi is rich in large TR domain-containing proteins with immunological significance; it is worthwhile further analyzing such characteristics of TR proteins as the copy number and consensus sequence of the repeats to determine whether they might contribute to the biological variability of T. cruzi strains with regard to induced immunological responses, host susceptibility, disease outcomes, and pathogenicity.

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Tate, Ann T., and Andrea L. Graham. "Dissecting the contributions of time and microbe density to variation in immune gene expression." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1859 (July 26, 2017): 20170727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.0727.

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Widespread differential expression of immunological genes is a hallmark of the response to infection in almost all surveyed taxa. However, several challenges remain in the attempt to connect differences in gene expression with functional outcomes like parasite killing and host survival. For example, temporal gene expression patterns are not always monotonic (unidirectional slope), yielding results that qualitatively depend on the time point selected for analysis. They may also be correlated to microbe density, confounding the strength of an immune response and resistance to parasites. In this study, we analyse these relationships in an mRNA-seq time series of Tribolium castaneum infected with Bacillus thuringiensis . Our results suggest that many extracellular immunological components with known roles in immunity, like antimicrobial peptides and recognition proteins, are highly correlated to microbe load. On the other hand, intracellular components of immunological signalling pathways overwhelmingly show non-monotonic temporal patterns of gene expression, despite the underlying assumption of monotonicity in most ecological and comparative transcriptomics studies that rely on cross-sectional analyses. Our results raise a host of new questions, including to what extent variation in host resistance, infection tolerance and immunopathology can be explained by variation in the slope or sensitivity of these newly characterized patterns.

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Tredinnick-Rowe, John. "The semiotics of breast cancer: Signs, symptoms, and sales." Semiotica 2019, no. 227 (March 5, 2019): 187–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sem-2016-0107.

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AbstractThis paper analyses the immunological response of breast cancer patients through the lens of medical semiotics. From this perspective both psychological and physiological symptoms are treated as a set of transitive signs. The symptomatic journey of breast cancer patients was documented through an ethnographic engagement with a breast cancer charity. This journey consists of diagnosis, treatment and remission, where both the physical and psychological trauma maybe irreversible. Equally the genetic disposition of each patient and the variability of the treatment give rise to a plethora of possible immunological responses. The case study organization provided both therapeutic treatment but also sold oncology products to its patients, matching the products’ composition to the specific immunological responses caused by breast cancer treatment, e.g., brittle skins or hair loss, etc. This paper explores how the varied and transient nature of immunological semiosis is identified and commoditized into an economic process. This challenging social context is of interest from a semiotic stand point because it offers a singular paradigm to explain the evolution of signs and symptoms into sales.

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Labat, A., D. Calise, J. C. Thiers, M. T. Pieraggi, A. Cerene, G. Fournial, M. Thomsen, and C. Dambrin. "Simultaneous orthotopic transplantation of carotid and aorta in the rat by the sleeve technique." Laboratory Animals 36, no. 4 (October 1, 2002): 426–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002367702320389099.

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Graft vascular disease (GVD) remains the major limitation to long-term survival after solid organ transplantation. Aortic or carotid allografts in rats have been shown to be useful models because similar changes to those observed in man develop within weeks. Both immunological and non-immunological factors influence the process of GVD and a method that could permit rapid multiple arterial allotransplantation in the rat would be of great value. We performed simultaneous orthotopic aortic and carotid allotransplantations in 25 rats. The vessels were anastomosed using a sleeve technique. No immunosuppression was given. The animals were killed at 15, 30, or 60 days and histological analyses of the grafts were performed. The overall survival rate was 80% and the incidence of technical failure was very low. The histopathological aspect revealed typical progressive GVD. In conclusion, we have developed a new model of simultaneous aortic and carotid transplantation in rats. This model, which incorporates a modification of the sleeve anastomosis, is rapid and yields an easy tool to investigate immunological and non-immunological processes driving GVD.

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Atala, Anthony. "Re: Immunogenomic Analyses Associate Immunological Alterations with Mismatch Repair Defects in Prostate Cancer." Journal of Urology 201, no. 5 (May 2019): 861–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ju.0000554004.38258.2e.

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Klein, C., H. Sadeghi, and S. Simons. "Immunological analyses of the chemotactic receptor of Dictyosteleum discoideum. Identification of cDNA clones." Journal of Biological Chemistry 261, no. 32 (November 1986): 15192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(18)66852-8.

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Tateishi, J., T. Kitamoto, K. Doh-ura, J. W. Boellaard, and J. Peiffer. "Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with amyloid angiopathy: diagnosis by immunological analyses and transmission experiments." Acta Neuropathologica 83, no. 5 (April 1992): 559–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00310037.

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Pan, Hui, Linna Lu, Junqi Cui, Yuan Yang, Zhaoyang Wang, and Xianqun Fan. "Immunological analyses reveal an immune subtype of uveal melanoma with a poor prognosis." Aging 12, no. 2 (January 18, 2020): 1446–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/aging.102693.

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Umezu, Y., K. Hachisuka, H. Ueda, M. Yoshizuka, H. Ogata, and S. Fujimoto. "Histochemical and Immunological Analyses of Differentiating Skeletal Muscle Fibers of the Postnatal Rat." Cells Tissues Organs 143, no. 1 (1992): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000147221.

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Krajewska, Wanda M., Zofia Kiliańska, Anna Lipińska, and Leokadia Klyszejko-Stefanowicz. "Specificity of kirkman-robbins hepatoma non-histone chromatin proteins: Electrophoretic and immunological analyses." Cell Biochemistry and Function 3, no. 1 (January 1985): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbf.290030111.

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Ueno, Ayako, Reina Maeda, Takanori Kin, Mitsuya Ito, Kensuke Kawasaki, and Shoichiro Ohtani. "Utility of the Absolute Lymphocyte Count and Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio for Predicting Survival in Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer on Eribulin: A Real-World Observational Study." Chemotherapy 64, no. 5-6 (2019): 259–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000507043.

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Introduction: Previous studies have suggested that the efficacy of eribulin is influenced by the activity of antitumor immunity of patients. Absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) and the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) are easily available parameters associated with the immunological status of patients. Objective: Here we tried to classify patients’ immunological status by using the scatter plot of ALC and NLR, and investigated its utility for predicting survival among patients with metastatic breast cancer receiving eribulin. Methods: The medical records of 125 patients who received eribulin for metastatic breast cancer at our hospital between July 2011 and April 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Uni- and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the association between baseline ALC/NLR and progression-free survival (PFS)/overall survival (OS). The cutoff values for ALC and NLR were determined using scatter plot analysis. Results: The entire cohort was classified into immunologically favorable (ALC ≥1,500/µL, 30 patients), intermediate (ALC <1,500/µL, NLR <5.0, 76 patients), and unfavorable (NLR ≥5.0, 19 patients) groups. Univariate analysis showed significant differences in PFS and OS between the groups, whereas multivariate analysis revealed that ALC ≥1,500/µL and NLR ≥5.0 were independent predictors of PFS, with adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI) of 0.57 (0.33–0.99) and 1.78 (1.00–3.15), respectively. NLR ≥5.0 was also associated with worse OS (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.55; 95% CI 0.35–0.88; p = 0.013). Conclusions: Among patients with metastatic breast cancer receiving eribulin, survival outcomes were well stratified according to baseline peripheral blood ALC and NLR. Accordingly, high ALC and NLR can be used as predictive markers for longer disease control and worse survival, respectively.

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Kim, Ju Yeong, Evan Henrich, Helen Miller, Mike Jiang, Jake Wagner, Greg Finak, and Raphael Gottardo. "ImmuneSpace enables multicohort immune correlates analysis." Journal of Immunology 204, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2020): 159.12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.159.12.

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Abstract ImmuneSpace is a data repository and analysis platform of the Human Immunology Project Consortium (HIPC), a multi-center collaborative effort to characterize the status of the immune system in different populations under diverse stimulations and disease states. This ongoing effort has generated large amounts of varied high-throughput, high-dimensional immunological data. ImmuneSpace directly extracts data from ImmPort -- the central NIAID database, and further standardizes it for meta-analysis and reporting, making it ready to be explored using state-of-art visualization and analysis tools. ImmuneSpace will act as a central immunological hub, allowing experimentalists, statisticians, and bioinformaticians to freely retrieve, explore and compare data across assays and across studies generated within and outside of HIPC. We present a selection of multi-cohort analyses using standardized gene expression and flow cytometry data sets across multiple studies identifying novel baseline predictors of vaccine efficacy across a variety of pathogens.

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de Mello-Neto, João Martins, Jessica Gomes Rodrigues Nunes, Santosh Kumar Tadakamadla, and Carlos Marcelo da Silva Figueredo. "Immunological Traits of Patients with Coexistent Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Periodontal Disease: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 17 (August 25, 2021): 8958. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18178958.

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This systematic review assessed studies that evaluated the immunological traits of patients with both inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and periodontal disease. An electronic search for literature was conducted on PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane and Web of Science. Studies that evaluated the immunological response in patients with IBD and periodontal disease were considered eligible for inclusion. A total of 6 cross-sectional studies of 275 patients were included. Immunological analyses were performed in gingival crevicular fluid, saliva, serum, intestinal and gingival biopsies. Four studies identified that the presence of IBD and periodontal disease was associated with higher levels of prostaglandin E2, aMMP8, IL-18 and S100A12, respectively, when compared to patients without the coexistence of both diseases. Furthermore, another study identified higher aMMP-8 levels with increasing severity of periodontitis in Crohn’s disease patients. The quality of overall evidence ranged from high to low due to the observational nature of contributing studies. The coexistence of IBD and periodontal disease seems to be associated with a more responsive inflammatory reaction compared with individuals having one or the other. More randomized controlled studies evaluating the coexistence of IBD and periodontitis are required to better explore the immunological interplay between them.

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Schizas, Dimitrios, Nikolaos Charalampakis, Christo Kole, Konstantinos S. Mylonas, Ioannis Katsaros, Meina Zhao, Jaffer A. Ajani, Amanda Psyrri, Michalis V. Karamouzis, and Theodore Liakakos. "Immunotherapy for esophageal cancer: a 2019 update." Immunotherapy 12, no. 3 (February 2020): 203–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/imt-2019-0153.

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Esophageal cancer remains a global health concern with a dismal prognosis and an estimated 5-year survival rate of approximately 10–15%. Immunotherapy is a novel treatment approach representing an effective and promising option against several types of cancer. The development of new and efficacious immunotherapeutic strategies, such as adoptive cell therapy-based, antibody-based and vaccine-based therapies, aims to prevent immunological escape and modify immunological responses. In this review, we discuss the theoretical background and current status of immunotherapy for patients with esophageal cancer. We also present ongoing clinical trials and summarize key findings concerning survival and safety analyses.

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Miller, Jennifer C., and Brian Stevenson. "Immunological and genetic characterization of Borrelia burgdorferi BapA and EppA proteins." Microbiology 149, no. 5 (May 1, 2003): 1113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.26120-0.

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A large majority of examined Lyme disease spirochaete isolates were demonstrated to contain one or both of the paralogous genes bapA and eppA. Immunological analyses of serum samples collected from infected patients coupled with comparative sequence analyses indicated that bapA gene sequences are quite stable but the encoded proteins do not provoke a strong immune response in most individuals. Conversely, EppA proteins are much more antigenic but vary widely in sequence between different bacteria. Considerable evidence of insertion, deletion and other mutations within eppA genes was observed. A number of significant recombination events were also found to have occurred in regions flanking bapA genes, while the genes themselves rarely exhibited evidence of mutation, suggesting strong selective pressure to maintain BapA sequences within narrow limits. Data from these and other studies suggest important roles for BapA and EppA during the Borrelia burgdorferi infectious cycle.

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Chylewska, Agnieszka, Małgorzata Ogryzek, and Mariusz Makowski. "Modern Approach to Medical Diagnostics - the Use of Separation Techniques in Microorganisms Detection." Current Medicinal Chemistry 26, no. 1 (March 14, 2019): 121–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867324666171023164813.

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Background:Analytical chemistry and biotechnology as an interdisciplinary fields of science have been developed during many years and are experiencing significant growth, to cover a wide range of microorganisms separation techniques and methods, utilized for medical therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. Currently scientific reports contribute by introducing electrophoretical and immunological methods and formation of devices applied in food protection (avoiding epidemiological diseases) and healthcare (safety ensuring in hospitals).Methods:Electrophoretic as well as nucleic-acid-based or specific immunological methods have contributed tremendously to the advance of analyses in recent three decades, particularly in relation to bacteria, viruses and fungi identifications, especially in medical in vitro diagnostics, as well as in environmental or food protection.Results:The paper presents the pathogen detection competitiveness of these methods against conventional ones, which are still too time consuming and also labor intensive. The review is presented in several parts following the current trends in improved pathogens separation and detection methods and their subsequent use in medical diagnosis.Discussion:Part one, consists of elemental knowledge about microorganisms as an introduction to their characterization: descriptions of divisions, sizes, membranes (cells) components. Second section includes the development, new technological and practical solution descriptions used in electrophoretical procedures during microbes analyses, with special attention paid to bio-samples analyses like blood, urine, lymph or wastewater. Third part covers biomolecular areas that have created a basis needed to identify the progress, limitations and challenges of nucleic-acid-based and immunological techniques discussed to emphasize the advantages of new separative techniques in selective fractionating of microorganisms.

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Ball, M. J., V. Spriggs, P. M. Sutton, and H. Chapel. "Effect of β-propiolactone — an inhibitor of HTLV III/LAV activity — on immunological analyses." Journal of Immunological Methods 95, no. 1 (December 1986): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(86)90324-8.

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Sp�th, P. J., A. Elisa, U. B�hlmann, L. Luginb�hl, and P. Imbach. "Chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura ? Immunological analyses of a patient pre- and post-HIV seroconversion." Blut 59, no. 1 (July 1989): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00320261.

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HEMMIGE, V., D. S. LAUDERDALE, and M. Z. DAVID. "The complex relationship between CD4 count, HIV viral load, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis, and skin-and-soft-tissue infection risk in patients with HIV: insights from a causal diagram and simulation study." Epidemiology and Infection 144, no. 13 (May 4, 2016): 2889–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268816000789.

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SUMMARYSkin and soft tissue infection (SSTIs) due to Staphylococcus aureus, particularly community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA), are common in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected populations in the United States. Studies have differed as to the importance of epidemiological and immunological factors in this relationship, and have employed conflicting strategies for variable selection in multivariate analyses. Developments in causal inference methods in epidemiology have emerged in the last decade to clarify relationships between variables and identify appropriate variables to include in and exclude from multivariate analysis. In this paper, we develop a causal diagram to clarify the pathways linking CA-MRSA and HIV. We focus on the role played by trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) prophylaxis, prescribed to many severely immunocompromised HIV patients and potentially protective against SSTIs, which both mediates and moderates the relationship between immunological parameters and SSTI risk. We demonstrate, using simulated data, that statistical models may yield biased results if they do not account for how HIV viral load may also be a marker of adherence to TMP-SMX prophylaxis. We conclude with a proposed causal model that includes both the epidemiological as well as immunological factors that may explain the increased risk of initial and recurrent SSTI risk in HIV-infected populations.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Immunological Analyses'

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