Academic literature on the topic 'Immunohistochemistry and histology'
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Journal articles on the topic "Immunohistochemistry and histology"
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Renshaw, Andrew A., and Christopher L. Corless. "Histology and Immunohistochemistry." American Journal of Surgical Pathology 19, no. 7 (July 1995): 842–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000478-199507000-00013.
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Mazroa, Shireen A. "Immunohistochemistry." Egyptian Journal of Histology 35, no. 2 (June 2012): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ehx.0000414291.44156.ef.
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Tzannatou, C. "Histology and immunohistochemistry of placental tissues." Journal of Reproductive Immunology 81, no. 2 (September 2009): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jri.2009.06.177.
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Dhom, G., G. Seitz, and N. Wernert. "Histology and Immunohistochemistry Studies in Prostate Cancer." American Journal of Clinical Oncology 11 (1988): S37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000421-198801102-00009.
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Rousselle, Serge D., Joan R. Wicks, Brian C. Tabb, Armando Tellez, and Maureen O’Brien. "Histology Strategies for Medical Implants and Interventional Device Studies." Toxicologic Pathology 47, no. 3 (February 14, 2019): 235–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192623319827288.
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Histology of medical devices poses a variety of unique challenges. Comprehensive histologic assessment of medical devices often requires spatial context and high-quality retention of the device–tissue interface. However, the composition of many medical devices is often not amenable to traditional paraffin embedding and thus alternative specialized methodologies such as hard resin embedding must be used. Hard resin embedding requires specialized laboratory technical expertise and equipment, and the fixation techniques and resin composition used markedly impact the feasibility of immunohistochemistry. For the continuity of spatial context during histologic evaluation, additional imaging methods such as macrophotography, radiography, micro-Computerized Tomography (microCT), or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to guide sectioning and to complement histologic findings. Although standardized approaches are scarce for medical devices, important considerations specific to medical device histology are discussed, including general specimen preparation, special considerations for devices by organ system, and the challenges of immunohistochemistry. Histologic preparation of medical devices must be thoughtful, thorough, and tailored to achieve optimal histologic outcomes for complex, valuable, and often limited implant specimens.
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Hewitt, Stephen M., Denis G. Baskin, Charles W. Frevert, William L. Stahl, and Eduardo Rosa-Molinar. "Controls for Immunohistochemistry." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 62, no. 10 (July 14, 2014): 693–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1369/0022155414545224.
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Podkletnova, I., and H. Alho. "Ultrasound-amplified immunohistochemistry." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 41, no. 1 (January 1993): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/41.1.8417112.
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We describe a novel technique for improving the sensitivity of immunofluorescence staining by use of ultrasonic irradiation. Free-floating vibratome sections from rat cerebellum were incubated with primary antiserum and simultaneously were briefly exposed to ultrasound (US) in a conventional ultrasound bath. After the US treatment, a conventional immunohistochemical method was employed. Two different antisera and two conventional immunohistochemical detection systems were tested. In all cases a 10-20-sec US treatment strengthened immunoreactivity considerably. Irradiated samples showed a good morphology compared with non-irradiated sections. Our results demonstrate that with ultrasonic treatment the dilutions of primary antibodies can be increased and the incubation times of primary antisera can be reduced. The ultrasonic method described here requires no special equipment. It is easy, reproducible, and it can be considered a new method for the enhancement at immunohisto- and cytochemical staining of free-floating vibratome sections.
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Fischer, Sandra, and Sylvia L. Asa. "Application of Immunohistochemistry to Thyroid Neoplasms." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 132, no. 3 (March 1, 2008): 359–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2008-132-359-aoittn.
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AbstractContext.—Thyroid lesions with nodular architecture and follicular pattern of growth often pose difficulties in accurate diagnosis during the assessment of cytologic and histologic specimens. The diagnosis of follicular neoplasm on cytology or of follicular tumor of uncertain malignant potential on histology is likely to cause confusion among clinicians and delay effective management of these lesions. Occasionally, thyroid tumors represent unusual or metastatic lesions and their accurate diagnosis requires immunohistochemical confirmation.Objective.—To review the literature on the applications of immunohistochemistry in the differential diagnosis of thyroid tumors.Data Sources.—Relevant articles indexed in PubMed (National Library of Medicine) between 1976 and 2006.Conclusions.—Our review supports the use of ancillary techniques involving a panel of antibodies suitable for immunohistochemistry and molecular analysis in the assessment of thyroid nodules. These tools can improve diagnostic accuracy when combined with standard morphologic criteria.
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Lamperti, Costanza, and Maurizio Moggio. "Muscular Dystrophies: Histology, Immunohistochemistry, Molecular Genetics and Management." Current Pharmaceutical Design 999, no. 999 (March 10, 2010): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381210200418286128.
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Hendrick, M. J., and J. J. Brooks. "Postvaccinal Sarcomas in the Cat: Histology and Immunohistochemistry." Veterinary Pathology 31, no. 1 (January 1994): 126–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030098589403100121.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Immunohistochemistry and histology"
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Russell, Katherine Margaret. "Intestinal responses to Clostridium perfringens in broilers." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25514.
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Clostridium perfringens is the aetiological agent of Necrotic enteritis (NE); a disease that impacts on the health and welfare of broilers. This disease is a large cost to the industry and presents as lesions in the small intestine hindering productivity. Antibiotics are commonly used to treat NE but as pressure increases to limit their use further information about disease onset and broiler responses to the bacteria and it’s virulence factors during infection is required to implement new preventative measures and treatments. NetB is a secreted toxin from C. perfringens which has an important role in NE onset. Using an in situ intestinal loop model we have been able to characterise: I) temporal broiler responses to NetB positive bacterial culture supernatant (Chapter 2), ii) early host responses to different isolates possessing NetB (virulent) or not (avirulent) in the presence or absence of bacterial cells (Chapter 3) and iii) the responses of two commercial broiler breeds (Chapter 4) four hours post exposure. Samples collected from these experiments have been used for histology, mRNA expression and immunohistology. We have shown differences in mRNA expression in the duodenum of broilers after exposure to C. perfringens cells as well as the culture supernatant from the isolates used after four hours. The presence of bacteria cells resulted in up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine, IFN-γ, mRNA, whereas it resulted in down-regulation of B-LA, mRNA a gene involved in presentation of pathogens to immune cells. IL-6 mRNA expression was also reduced in the presence of virulent isolates. This could indicate a possible evasion strategy for C. perfringens in broilers. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated that slower growing broilers have increased numbers of immune cells (macrophages and γδ T cells) in their duodenum compared with faster growing broilers, although this did not appear to have an effect on mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, 4h post antigen infusion. Overall we detect greater changes when bacteria are included with culture supernatant and have highlighted possible mechanisms for C. perfringens to avoid the broiler immune system. Induction of NE in the literature requires pre-disposing factors, including co-infection with other intestinal pathogens and dietary manipulation of the host. The final experiment trialled protocols administering a virulent isolate of C. perfringens in-feed and via gavage along with an increased protein source to induce NE (Chapter 5). These models were not considered to be consistent for further investigation of NE in the future.
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Campbell, Thomas Mark. "Demographics and Posterior Knee Capsule Histologic and Genetic Characterization in Patients with Severe Knee Osteoarthritis: Comparing Those with Contracture to Those Without Contracture." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23176.
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Introduction: Knee flexion contractures have a negative impact on function for patients with osteoarthritis (OA). Those with contracture treated with total knee arthroplasty (TKA) have more post-operative pain and worse outcome. Little knowledge is available about patient demographic factors or gene expression in the knee joint capsule in the setting of contracture and severe OA. // Methods: Subjects with primary severe knee OA awaiting a TKA were recruited. We collected subject demographic factors that may be associated with preoperative knee contracture. Subjects’ posterior knee capsule was harvested intraoperatively. Capsule histological analysis was performed using light microscopy. Gene expression analysis was performed using whole genome microarray and immunohistochemistry was used for protein production analysis comparing those with contracture to those without. // Results: Twenty subjects were recruited for the demographics portion of the study (13 contractures and 7 controls), and capsules from 12 subjects (6 contractures, 6 controls) were used for histology, microarray, and IHC analyses. Contracture subjects had longer duration of OA, reduced extension in the contralateral knee, and showed a trend toward elevated body mass index. Tissue cross-sectional areas of adipose, non-adipose and synovial tissues were not statistically different histologically between the two groups. There was increased expression in the contracture group for the genes CHAD, Cyr61, and Sox9. There was a corresponding increase in protein production for CHAD and Sox9. // Conclusions: Screening for OA duration and bilateral knee range of motion (ROM) could be functionally beneficial. When a knee joint contracture is present, correcting for the resulting leg length discrepancy pre- and post-operatively could improve patient outcome. Gene protein products linking capsular cells to the ECM can influence capsular fibrosis and potentially impact ROM.
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Forlani, A. "COMBINED DIAGNOSTIC APPROACHES FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF CANINE SPLENIC NEOPLASM: CONTRAST-ENHANCED ULTRASONOGRAPHY, ULTRASOUND GUIDED CYTOLOGY, HISTOLOGY AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY IN SELECTED LESIONS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/246578.
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Focal splenic lesions are frequently identified during routine ultrasonographic examination. Differentiation between malignant and benign changes is crucial since it influence treatment and prognosis. Although B-mode ultrasound is very sensitive for the detection of splenic lesions, its specificity is low, whereas contrast enhanced ultrasound is used successfully to differentiate benign from malignant liver lesions in humans and dogs. Cytology represent another useful technique in the diagnosis of splenic disorders. However, few studies have addressed the accuracy of cytology in the evaluation of splenic lesions and specifically neoplasms.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of contrast enhanced ultrasound and cytology in the diagnosis of splenic neoplasia, this study has been divided into a prospective and in retrospective part.
The specific aim of the prospective part was to evaluate whether contrast-enhanced ultrasound can be used to more accurately characterize the perfusion of splenic focal abnormalities in small animals. Moreover, we attempted to establish diagnostic criteria useful to differentiate benign from malignant splenic lesions and to diagnose the various malignant tumors. Contrast enhanced ultrasound was performed to study focal to multifocal lesions of spleen using a second-generation microbubble contrast medium (Sonovue®) injected into the cephalic vein and enhancement patterns were described. Final diagnosis was obtained by fine needle cytology and/or histopathology after splenectomy.
The aim of the retrospective study was to evaluate the role of cytology in primary and metastatic splenic tumour diagnosis using histology as the gold standard. Splenic cytological and corresponding histopathological samples obtained between 1998 and 2012 from the electronic archives of the Anatomical Pathology service of the School of Veterinary Medicine of the University of Milano, Italy. Concordance between cytology and histology was determined. Accuracy, sensibility, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of cytology for the diagnosis of splenic neoplasia was determined.
Primary splenic lymphomas were collected and graded according to the WHO classification (cell size, diagnosis, mitotic index, phenotypes).
A total of 26 cases of canine focal splenic masses analysed with contrast-enhanced ultrasound affected by 11 benign and 15 malignant and splenic lesions were included.
In this series, most benign lesions (7/11) had a perfusion pattern similar to the adjacent parenchyma, so that the lesions were isoechoic or mildly hypoechoic. On the contrary all malignant lesions became completely or extensively hypoperfused during the wash-out phase. All hemangiosarcomas were characterized by hypoechogenicity trough all perfusion phases. Feeding vessels were present in 11/15 cases of malignancy and in 3/11 cases of benign lesions.
In the retrospective study a total of 66 cases were collected. Thirty cytological samples were classified as non-neoplastic (12 true negatives, 18 false negatives compared with histopathology). Cytological diagnosis of neoplasia was obtained in 36 cases (35 true positives and 1 false positive). Cytological diagnosis was in agreement with histopathology in 71,2% (47/66) of cases. Cytology had a sensitivity of 66%, a specificity of 92%, a positive predictive value of 97%, and a negative predictive value of 40%.
A comprehensive grading of 29 canine primary splenic lymphomas was performe. All cases of Marginal Zone Lymphoma (MZL), Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL) and follicular lymphoma with a nodular pattern of growth were of low grade. On the contrary, diffuse lymphomas were intermediate to high grade.
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound can improve the characterization of focal to multifocal splenic lesions and cytology demonstrated to be a useful tool for splenic neoplasia diagnosis due to high specificity and a high positive predictive value highlighted in our study. Thus, they should be considered complementary techniques in the diagnosis of splenic lesions.
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Gondim, Roberta Marinho Falcão. "Avaliação da cicatrização cutânea: fluorescência e estereologia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-29102012-161842/.
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Objetivos: Recentemente, a Espectroscopia de Fluorescência (EF) tem sido estudada como método de análise de propriedades da pele de forma nãoinvasiva e em tempo real, utilizada em uma variedade de aplicações, incluindo avaliação e diagnóstico do tecido in vivo. Contudo, na cicatrização da pele, essa técnica não tem sido completamente explorada. Visto que a determinação da idade de uma lesão é um aspecto importante na medicina forense, esse trabalho tem por objetivo testar a aplicabilidade da medida da Intensidade de Fluorescência (IF) após o uso de metil-aminolevulinato (MAL) na estimativa da idade de lesão incisa, através da EF ao longo do tempo e fazer a correlação desta com os achados histológicos. Materiais e Métodos: Foram utilizados camundongos hairless como modelo experimental. Os animais foram divididos em dois grupos: com (+) e sem (-) o uso de MAL antes da EF. Incisões cirúrgicas lineares foram realizadas no dorso de cada animal. Espectros na faixa de 480 e 800 nm foram coletados da lesão e da pele normal adjacente, usando o sistema Ocean Optics, correspondendo a quatro condições: a) IF da lesão após MAL (+/+); b) IF da pele normal após MAL (-/+); c) IF da lesão sem MAL (+/-) e d) IF da pele normal sem MAL (-/-). Após a cirurgia, os animais foram monitorados periodicamente até 3 meses de pós-operatório e eutanaziados em grupos. Fragmentos de pele, contendo todo o ferimento, foram removidos e processados para análise histológica por métodos estereológicos. Vários cortes histológicos foram analisados para avaliar a organização da derme e da epiderme, deposição de colágeno e proliferação celular (imunoistoquímica por PCNA). Resultados: Nas fases iniciais da cicatrização, a EF in vivo mostrou acúmulo preferencial de protoporfirinas na lesão com uso de MAL (+/+), quando comparado à pele normal adjacente (-/+). Contudo, nas fases avançadas, ocorreu o inverso. Houve uma diferença estatisticamente significante neste grupo (+/+) ao longo do tempo (p < 0,0001), o que não aconteceu com os demais ((-/+); (+/-) e (-/-)). O modelo apresentado permitiu a estimativa da idade de lesão incisa no intervalo de dois meses, sendo possível estimar a fase de cicatrização em que esta se encontra. Achados histológicos confirmaram as fases da cicatrização, mostrando correlação com os achados de fluorescência. Conclusão: Os resultados mostraram que a técnica de EF usando MAL é um método promissor na análise dos estágios da cicatrização da peleBackground and Objective: In recent years, Fluorescence Spectroscopy (FS) has been explored as a novel noninvasive and real-time technique for analysis of skin properties, useful in a wide variety of applications, including tissue evaluation and diagnosis. However, the use of FS in skin wound healing has not been fully explored. Since aging of injuries on a victims body is an important aspect of forensic medicine, this paper intended to test the usefulness of collecting Fluorescence Intensity (FI) after topical MAL on age estimate of the incised lesion, through the study by FS over time and correlation with histological findings. Materials and Methods: As experimental model, was used hairless mice. The mice were divided into two groups: with (+) and without (-) use MAL before FS. Standardized linear wounds were made on the dorsum of each mice. Spectra in the 480-800 nm wavelength range were collected from normal and wound skin using Ocean Optics system, corresponding to four conditions: a) FI of skin wound after MAL (+/+); b) FI of normal skin after MAL (- /+); c) FI of skin wound without MAL (+/-) and d) FI of normal skin without MAL (- /-). After wounding, the animals were monitored periodically until 3 months and killed in groups. Tissue specimens, containing the whole wound, were removed and processed for histological analysis using stereological techniques. Several cross-sections were analyzed to evaluate the organization of the dermis and epidermis, collagen deposition and cellular proliferation (PCNA - imunohistochemistry antigen). Results: In vivo FS of skin wound healing with MAL (+/+) showed that there was a protoporphyrin preferential accumulation in healing site as compared to adjacent normal skin (+/-) in the early stage of healing. However, in the later stages, the reverse happened. There was statistically significant into this group (+/+) along the time (p < 0,0001); what not happened with another groups ((-/+); (+/-) and (-/-)). The model allows to estimate the age of an incised injury into interval of two months. Its possible to estimating his healing phase. Histological findings confirm the stages of healing and agree well with the fluorescence findings. Conclusion: The results showed that FS using MAL appears to be a promising approach for the analysis of stages of skin wound healing
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Rojo, Xicart Ernest. "Soft tissue volume gain around dental implants after abutment connection surgery using autogenous subepithelial connective tissue grafts harvested from the palate or tuberosity. A randomized prospective clinical study." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/586354.
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The aim of the present study is to compare the volume gain around dental implants when a subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) from palate or tuberosity is used randomly. The most studied donor area for soft tissue augmentation has been the autogenous connective tissue from the palate. However recent studies has affirmed that tuberosity tissue may possess better tissue qualities for soft tissue volume augmentation.
It has been shown that tuberosity connective tissue is more dense with less fat and glandular tissue. Therefore, it could be speculated that this firmer tissue will have less shrinkage and achieve more soft tissue gain.
In the present study 32 patients with 36 implants with localized volume deficiency has been included and received randomly a SCTG from palate or tuberosity. Measurements using an intraoral optical scan has been done at baseline and 3 months. Also 20 samples were obtained at baseline for immunohistochemistry and descriptive histological analysis.
In conclusion both groups obtained volume gain at 3 months. No statistical significant differences were found. Even though a tendency of better results was observed for patients who received SCTG from tuberosity.L’objectiu del present estudi es comparar el guany de volum al voltant d’implants dentals després d’haver utilitzat aleatoriament injert de teixit conectiu subepitelial de paladar o de tuberositat. L’àrea donant més utilitzada per realitzat procediments d’augment gingival ha estat sempre la zona del paladar. Tot i que estudis recents han demostrat que la zona de la tuberositat pot ser una bona alternativa degut a que pot tenir millors propietats per l’augment gingival. S’ha demostrat darrerament que el teixit conectiu de la tuberositat és més dens i conté menys teixit gras i glandular. Això pot comportar que aquest teixit no es contraigui tant i que per tant pugui aconseguir millors resultats en quant a guany de volum. En aquesta investigació 32 pacients portadors de 35 implants amb defecte de volum vestibular han rebut cirugía d’augment de teixit tou utilitzant injert de teixit conectiu de paladar o tuberositat. S’han realitzat mesures utilitzant un escáner intraoral a l’inici de l’estudi i 3 mesos després. També s’ha realitzat estudi histològic i d’immunohistoquímica de 20 mostres. Com a conclusió, els dos grups de l’estudi han aconseguit guanyar volum de teixit tou als 3 mesos. No s’han detectat diferencies estadísticament significatives entre els grups. Tot i així s’ha observat una tendencia a millors resultats en el grup de pacients que han rebut injert de teixit tou de la tuberositat.
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Gorricho, Camila Mario. "Vitrificação de tecido ovariano de gatas domésticas : o tamanho do fragmento influencia a viabilidade pós descongelação? /." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/154237.
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A criopreservação de ovário ou tecido ovariano permite a preservação do material genético de qualquer espécie animal que seja submetido à gonadectomia por indicação preventiva, terapêutica ou, até mesmo, por morte inesperada. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar se o tamanho do fragmento ovariano influencia ou não a resistência aos crioprotetores. Para tanto, os ovários foram colhidos de 34 gatas domésticas (várias raças, 1-5 anos de idade) por ovariectomia de rotina, transportados ao laboratório e depois seccionados em fragmentos de diferentes tamanhos (3 x 3 x 3mm, 5 x 3 x 3mm e 7 x 3 x 3mm) e destinados aleatoriamente aos grupos de controle (GC3, GC5 e GC7, respectivamente) ou vitrificados (GV3, GV5 e GV7, respectivamente). Os fragmentos vitrificados-aquecidos foram avaliados por histomorfologia e imunohistoquímica (para taxas de apoptose utilizando a caspase-3 clivada). A avaliação histológica demonstrou que 72,97% dos folículos presentes em GV3 e 72,58% nos fragmentos do grupo GV5 eram normais, enquanto que nos fragmentos do GV7 essa taxa foi de apenas 42,86%. A principal alteração morfológica foi o desprendimento das células epiteliais da membrana basal presentes em todos os grupos. Da mesma forma, a avaliação imunohistoquímica, utilizando a caspase 3, revelou uma pequena proporção de células apoptóticas nos fragmentos do grupo GV3 (53%), enquanto que no grupo GV7, 43,58% das células expressaram a caspase 3 clivada. Esses achados indicam que fragmentos seccionados em 3 x 3 x 3mm (27mm³) são mais adequados para a perfusão do crioprotetor, sem causar danos celular após o descongelamento.
Cryopreservation of ovary or ovarian tissue allows preservation of genetic material of any animal species that is submitted to gonadectomy for preventive, therapeutic or even by unexpected death. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether or not the size of the ovarian fragment influence its resistance to cryostorage. For that purpose, ovaries were collected from 34 queens (various breeds, age 1-5 y) by routine ovariectomy, transported to the laboratory and then sectioned in different sizes (3 x 3 x 3 mm, 5 x 3 x 3 mm and 7 x 3 x 3 mm) and randomly assigned to a control (GC3, GC5 and GC7, respectively) or vitrified (GV3, GV5 and GV7, respectively) groups. Vitrified-warmed fragments were evaluated by histomorphology and immunohistochemistry (for apoptotic rates by using cleaved caspase-3). Histological examination reveal that 72.97% of the follicles in GV3 and 72.58% in GV5 were normal while only 42.86% of the follicles in GV7. The main morphological alteration presented in all groups was a detachment of the epithelial cells by basement membrane. Similarly, immunohistochemistry evaluation using caspase 3 revealed a small proportion of apoptotic cells in GV3 (53%) while in GV7 43.58% of the cells expressed cleaved caspase-3. These findings indicate that fragments sectioned in 3 x 3 x 3 mm (27mm3) seems more adequate for perfusion of the cryoprotectant, causing less damage to the cell after vitrification-warming.
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Bassuino, Daniele Mariath. "Caracterização histológica, imuno-histoquímica e mapeamento de lesões da raiva em medula espinhal de bovinos e equinos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/115191.
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A raiva é uma doença zoonótica causada por um vírus RNA, envelopado, altamente neurotrópico, da família Rhabdoviridae, gênero Lyssavírus. Esta dissertação identificou e mapeou as lesões ocasionadas pelo vírus da raiva na medula espinhal de bovinos e equinos. Os casos foram obtidos no período entre janeiro de 2013 a novembro de 2014, através de necropsias realizadas pelo Setor de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (SPV-UFRGS) de animais que apresentaram síndrome neurológica. Destes, 33 casos (26 bovinos e sete equinos) foram selecionados com diagnóstico final de raiva, confirmados através do exame histopatológico e imuno-histoquímico (IHQ). Todos os casos foram submetidos ao exame de imunofluorescência direta (IFD), e os negativos a este teste, submetidos à inoculação intracerebral em camundongos (ICC). O material foi processado rotineiramente para histologia e corados com hematoxilina e eosina (HE). O exame de IHQ foi realizado na medula espinhal de todos os animais com anticorpo primário policlonal anti-vírus rábico. A medula espinhal foi subdividida nas porções cervical (C), intumescência cervical (IC), torácica (T), lombar (L), intumescência lombar (IL) e sacral (S) para avaliação. As estatísticas descritivas foram feitas no software IBM SPSS Statistics 18® e um índice de severidade das lesões observadas foi criado, baseado na soma dos graus das lesões e posteriormente dividido pelo número total de animais de cada espécie. O índice agrupou manguitos perivasculares + microgliose + neuroniofagia e analisou separadamente a presença de células gitter e a intensidade de marcação IHQ. Utilizou-se, ainda, o teste exato de Fisher com nível de significância de 5% através do software Epi Info™ 7.1.4 para avaliação do risco relativo entre a presença ou ausência de lesão entre encéfalo e medula espinhal. Todos os casos obtiveram imunomarcação positiva no exame de IHQ (100%). Na IFD dois equinos foram positivos (28,5%). Todos os resultados negativos na IFD foram confirmados na ICC, como negativos. Nos bovinos, a IFD foi positiva em 20 casos (76,9%). Os resultados negativos foram submetidos à ICC, onde cinco casos foram negativos e um positivo. À avaliação da medula espinhal, todos os bovinos e equinos apresentaram lesões histológicas. Nos equinos, as lesões inflamatórias se revelaram discretas nas regiões C, IC; moderada em T, L e S e acentuada na secção de IL. Células gitter estiveram discretamente presentes em C, IC e T; em moderada quantidade nas regiões L e S e acentuada em IL. A marcação IHQ nos fragmentos medulares variou de moderada a acentuada. Nos bovinos as lesões inflamatórias foram moderadas em todos os segmentos medulares. Diferente do observado nos equinos, células gitter foram predominantemente discretas. A marcação IHQ foi acentuada e homogênea em todos os segmentos medulares. Nos equinos observou-se uma maior frequência de lesões a partir do segmento T, no entanto, a marcação IHQ revelou discreta variação entre os segmentos. Na distribuição lesional dos bovinos evidenciou-se variação apenas no quesito malacia, que se mostrou mais frequente nos segmentos L, IL e S. Identificou-se, através do método de Fisher, que a coleta da medula espinhal em equinos possibilita uma chance 3,5 vezes maior na detecção de lesões de raiva quando comparado à análise individual do encéfalo.Rabies is a zoonotic disease caused by an enveloped ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus, highly neurotropic, from the Rhabdoviridae family, Lyssavirus genus. This thesis identified and mapped the lesions caused by the rabies virus in the spinal cord of cattle and horses. The samples were obtained within the period from January 2013 to November 2014 from necropsies carried out by the Setor de Patologia Veterinária of Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (SPV-UFRGS). We selected the thirty three animals (26 cattle and seven horses) that presented neurological syndrome and diagnosis of rabies. Samples from the brain and spinal cord were collected and routinely processed for hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The IHC was carried out at the spinal cord of all the animals, with a polyclonal anti-rabid virus as primary antibody. The spinal cord was sectioned at the cervical (C), cervical intumescence (CI), thoracic (T), lumbar (L), lumbar intumescence (LI) and sacral (S) portions to be evaluated. The descriptive statistics of this work was performed using the IBM SPSS Statistic 18® software and an index of the severity observed in the lesions was created based on the grades of the lesions and later divided by the total number of animals of each species. The index grouped cuffs of perivascular inflammatory cells, microgliosis and neuronophagia. Then, separately analyzed the presence of gitter cells and their IHC intensity. To evaluate the relative risk between the presence or absence of lesions between the encephalon and the spinal cord the exact Fisher test was carried out with 5% of significance level runned with the Epi Info™ 7.1.4 software. All the cases were positive for the IHC. At the DIF two horses (28.5%) and 20 cattle (76.9%) were positive. To all the samples negative to DIF, the test of inoculation was applied resulting in all horses and five cattle negative, and one cattle positive. Under the HE evaluating of the spinal cord, all the animals presented histologic lesions. In the horses, the inflammatory lesions were discrete in the C and IC sections; moderate in T, L and S; and accentuated in LI. Gitter cells were discretely present in the C, CI and T sections; moderate in L and S; and accentuated in LI. IHC of the spinal cord fragments varied from moderated to accentuate. The inflammatory lesions from cattle samples were moderate in all of the spinal cord sections. Differently from the observed in horses, gitter cells were predominantly discrete. The IHC staining was accentuated and homogenous in all spinal cord sections. In the horses lesions in the T section were frequently observed; however, IHC staining revealed discrete variation between the sections. The lesions distribution from cattle samples highlighted variation only in the issue concerning malacia, which was frequently demonstrated in the L, LI and S sections. The Fisher test identified that the gathering of horses spinal cords allows a 3.5 times higher chance of detection of rabies lesions than when the individual analysis of the brain is made.
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Poole, Kenneth. "The effects of stroke on the skeleton." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/244611.
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Stroke is now a well-recognised risk factor for hip fracture. The aim of this study was to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms by which hip bone loss occurs in hemiplegia and to test the efficacy of a novel pharmaceutical strategy for preserving bone in stroke patients. Patients who were admitted acutely with a first-ever stroke and who remained unable to walk one week later were studied prospectively for 12 months, with a series of bone mineral density measurements of the hips (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) in the context of a randomised controlled trial. Untreated patients (n=13) experienced a decline in bone mineral density at the hemiplegic hip that was rapid, with the greatest losses in the trochanteric region of the affected side. This bone loss was prevented by the administration of a single 4 mg dose of the intravenous bisphosphonate, zoledronate (n=14) within 35 days of stroke onset. Computed tomography of the hips in 8 untreated patients more than a year after stroke confirmed that the greatest difference between sides was in the trochanteric region. Serum vitamin D measurements in 44 patients with acute stroke were substantially lower than healthy elderly controls, with 77% of patients in the insufficient range, suggesting that vitamin D insufficiency preceded stroke. Histomorphometric analysis of iliac bone biopsies from hemiplegic patients 10 weeks following stroke showed normal erosion parameters, but a striking decrease in the surface extent of osteoid when compared with healthy reference values. Unexpectedly, treatment with zoledronate was associated with a significantly higher osteoid surface compared with placebo treated subjects in cancellous, endocortical and cortical bone. Sclerostin, a newly discovered osteocyte-derived protein was studied using immunohistochemical staining of the bone biopsies. Sclerostin is known to be an inhibitor of active osteoblasts, which led to the hypothesis that in stroke, the proportion of osteocytes expressing sclerostin would be inversely associated with the surface extent of bone formation. Histological analysis revealed widespread expression of sclerostin in osteocytes and their canaliculi in all subjects. However, examining individual osteocytes in relation to bone forming surfaces revealed that newly embedded osteocytes did not express sclerostin until after primary mineralisation. It is proposed that this precise pattern and timing of sclerostin expression by osteocytes allows bone formation to continue locally (during remodelling), but prevents excessive new bone formation elsewhere, as seen in the single gene disorder sclerosteosis.
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Cavaglieri, Rita de Cássia. "Terapia com células-tronco na nefropatia crônica experimental: é possível bloquear a progressão da doença renal?" Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-19032010-125745/.
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Células-tronco (CT) apresentam potencial terapêutico para a doença renal pela possibilidade de regeneração tecidual e recuperação funcional, possivelmente por efeitos parácrinos. Diversos trabalhos mostraram seu efeito renoprotetor em modelo de insuficiência renal aguda. No entanto, existem poucos trabalhos que avaliaram o efeito da CT em doença renal crônica. Neste contexto, a via de inoculação e o número das CT na região da lesão podem desempenhar um papel crucial. Assim, o transplante de CT pela via EV não parece ser o mais apropriado para prover CT em número expressivo no órgão alvo. Uma técnica alternativa consiste em inocular as CT localmente, na região subcapsular renal. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar, em modelo experimental de doença renal crônica por nefrectomia 5/6 (Nx), a migração, a distribuição e o possível efeito renoprotetor da inoculação via subcapsular renal de 2 tipos de CT: derivadas da medula óssea (CTdmo) e mesenquimais (CTm). As CT foram coletadas de fêmur e tíbia de ratos doadores através da técnica de flushing. As CTdmo foram isoladas por gradiente de concentração e as CTm pela sua capacidade de aderência ao plástico e ambas marcadas com DAPI para a visualização no tecido. A caracterização das CT foi feita por citometria de fluxo e pela diferenciação celular in vitro. Foram realizados 2 protocolos experimentais. No protocolo I, CTdmo (1x106) foram inoculadas em ratos fêmeas e, no protocolo II, CTm (2x105) foram inoculadas em ratos machos. A região inoculada foi a subcapsula renal e os animais foram acompanhados por 15 e 30 dias. Os animais foram subdivididos nos grupos: Sham, ratos submetidos à cirurgia fictícia; Sham+CT, ratos submetidos à cirurgia fictícia que receberam CT (CTdmo ou CTm); Nx, ratos submetidos a nefrectomia 5/6; Nx+CT, Nx ratos que receberam CT (CTdmo ou CTm). Para avaliar a localização das CTdmo no tecido renal, utilizou-se a coloração de tricrômio de Masson e foi realizada uma análise semiquantitativa para avaliar o grau de infiltração. Foram analisadas a pressão arterial (PA), a albuminúria e a creatinina sérica. Para os animais que receberam CTm foi realizada a análise de parâmetros histológicos e a análise de marcadores inflamatórios, de células em atividade proliferativa, de miofibroblastos e de podócitos. Os resultados do Protocolo I avaliando a análise da infiltração no tecido renal das CTdmo marcadas com DAPI mostrou, em 5 dias, evidente infiltração das células da região subcapsular em sentido ao córtex e medula, inclusive presente em glomérulos. Ratos fêmeas Nx que receberam a inoculação das CTdmo na região da subcapsular renal não apresentaram melhora nos parâmetros que avaliaram a função renal. Protocolo II: as CTm cultivadas mostraram grande capacidade de aderência, crescimento em colônia e de diferenciação em células osteogênicas. A análise por citometria mostrou-se positiva para CD44 e CD90, com uma pequena população de células de CD34, CD45 e CD31, confirmando a presença preponderante de CTm. A inoculação de CTm em ratos Nx proporcionou um bloqueio da progressão da doença renal. Enquanto ratos Nx machos apresentaram elevada PA com 15 e 30 dias (149,6±9,1 e 191,7±2,8 mmHg) a inoculação de CTm promoveu significante redução após 30 dias (145,2±6,8 mmHg; p<0,05 vs Nx). Em ratos Nx foi observado um aumento na creatinina aos 15 e 30 dias (1,13±0,08 e 1,16±0,26 mg/dL) e a inoculação de CTm promoveu uma marcante redução aos 15 dias (0,58±0,03 mg/dL; p<0,05 vs Nx). A albuminúria foi elevada nos ratos Nx aos 15 e 30 dias (41,7±10,8 mg/24h e 138,7±33,6 mg/24h) enquanto os animais do grupo Nx+CTm aos 15 e 30 dias apresentaram diminuição significativa (4,6±1,5 mg/24h e 23,4±7,7 mg/24h; p<0,0001 vs Nx). A glomeruloesclerose do grupo Nx+CTm apresentou aos 30 dias uma redução significativa em relação ao grupo Nx (5,4±2,5% vs 22,0±6,1%, respectivamente; p<0,0001). A análise da fibrose intersticial não revelou diferença após 15 dias e 30 dias no grupo Nx+CTm em relação ao grupo Nx. Com relação ao número de macrófagos, linfócitos e de células em atividade proliferativa, os animais que receberam CTm apresentaram uma discreta diminuição de sua expressão no tecido renal. A expressão de -actina se reduziu significativamente no grupo Nx+CTm. Quanto à expressão de WT-1, específico para podócitos, os animais Nx+CTm tiveram aumento significativo da marcação em relação ao grupo Nx. Em resumo, após a inoculação de CT na região da subcapsula renal, houve marcante migração e distribuição das mesmas em direção à cortical e à medular. A inoculação de CTm proporcionou um efeito renoprotetor no modelo de nefrectomia 5/6. Sendo assim, a inoculação subcapsular renal pode representar uma importante via de inoculação, permitindo assim que um número maior de células atue na proteção da progressão da doença.Stem cells (SCs) offer therapeutic potential for the treatment of renal diseases, due to the possibility of tissue regeneration and functional recovery. Various studies have shown renoprotection by SCs in experimental models of acute kidney disease. However, only a few studies have studied their effect in chronic kidney disease. The beneficial effect of SCs seems related to their capacity to differentiate or to secrete paracrine/endocrine factors. In this context, the inoculation route or the number of SCs homing in the injured region can play a crucial role. Therefore, transplantation of MSC through the intravenous route does not seem to be best suited for delivery of an important number of cells to the target organ. An alternative technique consists in local delivery of SCs in the subcapsular region of the kidney. The objective of the present study is to analyze the migration, distribution and potential renoprotective effect of the subcapsular inoculation of two types of SC - BSMC and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) - in an experimental model of chronic kidney disease, the 5/6 nephrectomy (Nx). SCs were collected from the femur and tibia of donor rats by flushing. BSMC were isolated by centrifugation on a concentration gradient and MSCs were isolated by their capacity to adhere to plastic. Both types of SC were stained with DAPI to allow visualization in tissues. SC characterization was carried out by flow cytometry and differentiation in culture. Two experimental procedures were performed. In protocol I, BSMC (106 cells) were injected in female rats and in protocol II, MSCs (2x105 cells) were injected in male rats. Animals were divided into 4 groups: SHAM, sham-operated rats; SHAM+SC, sham-operated rats receiving BSMC or MSCs; Nx, rats undergoing 5/6 nephrectomy; Nx+SC, 5/6 Nx rats receiving BSMC or MSCs. We used Massons Trichrome staining and a semiquantitative analysis according to the degree of infiltration to follow the localization of BSMC in the renal tissue and to quantify their infiltration, respectively. The following parameters were studied: arterial blood pressure (AP), proteinuria (Uprot), albuminuria (Ualb) and serum creatinine (Screat). For the animals receiving SCs, analysis of histology, of inflammatory markers, of proliferating cells and of podocytes was performed. Results from Protocol I assessing DAPI-stained BSMC showed marked infiltration in 5 days from the subcapsular region to the cortex and the medulla, including presence in the glomeruli, over a period of 15 days. Female rats that received subcapsular injection of BSMC did not show improvement of the parameters used to assess kidney function. Protocol II: cultured MSCs demonstrated an ability to adhere to plastic, to grow in colonies and to differentiate in osteogenic cells. Quantitative analysis of cell markers by flow cytometry showed that isolated cells were positive for CD44 and CD90, with a small population of cells positive for CD31, CD34 and CD45, confirming a preponderant presence of MSCs. Inoculation of MSCs in Nx rats blocked the progression of the renal disease. Elevated AP in Nx rats at 15 and 30 days (149.6 ± 9.1 and 191.7 ± 2.8 mm Hg, respectively) was significantly reduced by inoculation of MSCs at 30 days (145.2 ± 6.8 mm Hg, p<0.05 vs Nx). Nx rats showed increased creatinine at 15 and 30 days (1.13 ± 0.08 and 1.16 ± 0.26 mg/dL, respectively) that was significantly reduced by injection of MSCs at 15 days (0.58 ± 0.03 mg/dL, p<0.05 vs Nx). Albuminuria was increased in Nx rats at 15 and 30 days (41.7 ± 10.8 and 138.7 ± 33.6 mg/24h, respectively) and was reduced in the Nx+MSC group at both time points (4.6 ± 1.5, and 23.4 ± 7.7 mg/24h, respectively; p<0.0001 vs Nx). Histologic analysis showed that glomerulosclerosis at 30 days in the Nx+MSC group was significantly reduced as compared to the Nx group (5.4 ± 2.5 % vs 22.0 ± 6.1 %, p<0.0001). Analysis of interstitial fibrosis did not show difference after 15 and 30 days in the Nx+MSC group compared to Nx group. Nx rats receiving MSCs showed slightly decreased inflammation markers, macrophages and lymphocytes, and proliferating cells in the renal tissue when compared to Nx rats. Analysis of myofibroblasts showed a significant decrease in expression of -smooth muscle actin in Nx+MSC rats compared to Nx rats. Podocyte number was analyzed by detection of WT-1, a specific marker. Nx rats receiving MSC had a significantly higher number of podocytes than Nx rats. In conclusion, our results show that after inoculation in the subcapsular region, SCs migrate throughout the cortex in direction of the medulla. Subcapsular inoculation of MSC provides a renoprotective effect in the model of 5/6 nephrectomy. Therefore, subcapsular inoculation could represent an important route of delivery of SCs to the kidney that allows a higher number of cells to act in the protection from progression of the disease.
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Karlsson, Christina. "Biomarkers in non-small cell lung carcinoma : methodological aspects and influence of gender, histology and smoking habits on estrogen receptor and epidermal growth factor family receptor signalling." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Hälsoakademin, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-19725.
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Non-small cell lung carcinoma is a leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. There are gender and smoking associated differences both in tumour types and clinical outcome. Squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) are more frequent among smoking men while females develop adenocarcinomas (ADCA). NSCLC among never smokers are mainly ADCA, and occurs mostly in females. The present thesis elucidates the role of estrogen receptor (ER) and epidermal growth factor receptor family (EGFR/HER2-4) in NSCLC in the perspective of gender and histology as well as the influence of smoking on those biomarkers. A recently developed technique, tissue micro array (TMA), was employed.The question of how much of a tumour tissue that needed to be included in a TMA for biomarker analysis was analyzed by a statistical approach. Data indicates a sample size of three cylinders of tumour tissue with a diameter of 0.6 mm each as being appropriate and cost-effective. In order to optimally use the up to thousands of different tumour samples within a TMA, it would be optimal to serially cut and store slides before performing in situ detection of proteins and nucleic acids. Applying up to date methodology, and by evaluation with image analysis, data are presented that shows that such handling of TMA slides would be possible without any loss of biomarker information. ERα is more frequently observed in ADCA and in females and a local estradiol synthesis is supported by the presence of aromatase. ERβ is identified as a positive prognostic marker in ADCA. Smoking is associated to increased levels of ERβ mRNA. EGFR over expression is associated with a ligand. Independent phosporylation of ERα. HER-4 intracellular domain may also act as a co-activator to ERα in ADCA, especially among neversmokers. The question of ER and EGFR family signalling crosstalk as a potential target for combined targeted therapy is raised.
Books on the topic "Immunohistochemistry and histology"
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Lawrence, True, ed. Atlas of diagnostic immunohistopathology. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1990.
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D, True Lawrence, ed. Atlas of diagnosticimmunohistopathology. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1989.
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Charles, Jennette J., ed. Immunohistology in diagnostic pathology. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 1989.
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W, Schmid Kurt, ed. Immunocytochemistry in diagnostic histopathology. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1993.
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Jasani, Bharat. Immunocytochemistry in diagnostic histopathology. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1993.
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Lennart, Heimer, and Záborszky László 1944-, eds. Neuroanatomical tract-tracing methods, 2: Recent progress. New York: Plenum, 1989.
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Jacobowitz, David M. Chemoarchitectonic atlas of the developing mouse brain. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1998.
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Steel, Jenny. Histology, Immunohistochemistry and In Situ Hybridisation, Lab Protocols. Lulu.com, 2017.
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Microanatomy and Function of the Spleen. Springer, 1999.
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Steiniger, Birte, and Peter Barth. Microanatomy and Function of the Spleen. Springer London, Limited, 2012.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Immunohistochemistry and histology"
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Sarrazy, Vincent, and Alexis Desmoulière. "Double Immunohistochemistry with Horseradish Peroxidase and Alkaline Phosphatase Detection Systems." In Histology Protocols, 59–71. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-345-9_5.
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Badoer, Emilio. "Retrogradely Transported Neuronal Tracers Combined with Immunohistochemistry Using Free-Floating Brain Sections." In Histology Protocols, 73–85. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-345-9_6.
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Bilinska, Barbara, Anna Hejmej, and Malgorzata Kotula-Balak. "Preparation of Testicular Samples for Histology and Immunohistochemistry." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 17–36. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7698-0_3.
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Richardsen, Elin H., and Lill-Tove Busund. "Prostate and Bladder Carcinomas: Histology, Immunohistochemistry, Genetic Biomarkers." In Pelvic Cancer Surgery, 79–91. London: Springer London, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4258-4_9.
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Mazaud-Guittot, Séverine, Alexander Gow, and Brigitte Le Magueresse-Battistoni. "Phenotyping the Claudin 11 Deficiency in Testis: From Histology to Immunohistochemistry." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 223–36. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-191-8_15.
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Vajtai, Istvan, and Rahel Sahli. "Spindle Cell Oncocytoma of the Adenohypophysis: Integrated Clinicopathologic Diagnosis by Imaging, Histology, and Immunohistochemistry." In Methods of Cancer Diagnosis, Therapy, and Prognosis, 51–57. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3186-0_4.
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Lindberg, Matthew R., and Laura W. Lamps. "Immunohistochemistry of Normal Tissues." In Diagnostic Pathology: Normal Histology, 28–31. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-54803-8.50011-5.
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"Techniques of medical sciences." In Oxford Handbook of Medical Sciences, edited by Robert Wilkins, Simon Cross, Ian Megson, and David Meredith, 895–940. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199588442.003.0015.
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Molecular genetics Introduction 896 Electrophoresis 897 Techniques involving DNA 898 Techniques involving RNA 902 Proteomics Introduction 906 Protein extraction 906 Mass spectrometry 908 Structural proteomics: analysing protein structure and function 910 Microscopy 914 Cytology and histology Cytology 917 Histology 918 Immunohistochemistry 920 Microbiology Microbiological stains ...
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Fenner, Justine, and Richard A. F. Clark. "Anatomy, Physiology, Histology, and Immunohistochemistry of Human Skin." In Skin Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 1–17. Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-801654-1.00001-2.
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Tímár, J., and J. Fillinger. "Pathology of lung cancer: histology, cytology, immunohistochemistry and molecular pathology." In Interventional Pulmonology, 272–96. European Respiratory Society Journals Ltd, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/1025448x.00991909.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Immunohistochemistry and histology"
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Dyment, Nathaniel A., Namdar Kazemi, Lindsey E. Aschbacher-Smith, Nicolas J. Barthelery, Keith Kenter, Cynthia Gooch, Jason T. Shearn, Christopher Wylie, and David L. Butler. "The Relationships Among Spatiotemporal Gene Expression, Histology, and Biomechanics Following Full-Length Injury in the Murine Patellar Tendon." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53622.
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Tendon and ligament injuries present a considerable socioeconomic impact as close to 50% of the 32 million musculoskeletal injuries in the US per year include these structures [1]. The inadequate healing in these tissues requires novel treatment modalities. Improving tendon tissue engineering dictates that we better understand the process of natural adult tendon healing. Type-I (Col1) and Type-II (Col2) collagens are important structural proteins in tendon as Col1 is the main collagen type found in the tendon midsubstance while Col2 is expressed at the insertion into bone during development, growth, and healing [2–3]. Expression of Col1 and Col2 has typically been analyzed via qPCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) during healing. However, the temporal expression of these genes is still poorly understood on a cell-by-cell basis. Our lab has previously studied patellar tendon (PT) healing in NZW rabbits [4]. While the NZW rabbit allows for controlled injuries and accurate biomechanical assessment of healing, it lacks the genetic power that is offered in the mouse. Therefore, pOBCo13.6GFPtpz (Col1) and pCol2ECFP (Col2) double transgenic (DT) reporter mice were created to track spatiotemporal gene expression. Thus, the objectives of this study were to monitor changes in: 1) spatiotemporal Col1 and Col2 gene expression patterns, 2) tissue morphology, and 3) healing biomechanics following a full-length, central PT injury in Col1/Col2 DT mice and to compare these natural healing results to contralateral surgical shams and normal PT in age-matched controls.
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Pascal, A., K. Butts-Pauly, J. Plata, G. Sommer, B. Daniel, and D. M. Bouley. "Correlation of p63 immunohistochemistry with histology and contrast enhanced MRI in characteristic lesions induced by minimally invasive thermal treatments in a dog prostate." In PROCEEDINGS FROM THE 14TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THERAPEUTIC ULTRASOUND. Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4977670.
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Yoshimura, Adriana Akemi, André Mattar, Bruna S. Mota, Carlos Elias Fristachi, Eduardo Carvalho Pessoa, Felipe Eduardo Andrade, Giuliano Tosello, et al. "A MULTICENTRIC STUDY ON BREAST CANCER IN ULTRA YOUNG WOMEN: II – HISTOPATHOLOGIC AND MOLECULAR DATA." In Scientifc papers of XXIII Brazilian Breast Congress - 2021. Mastology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942021v31s1062.
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Introduction: Ultra young women (UYW) is defined as women aged up to 30 years. UYW with BC share some unfavorable biological tumor characteristics as larger size at diagnosis, higher loca-regional recurrence rate and lower survival, and have been merited specialized care. Objectives: We aimed to determine histopathological and molecular characteristics of BC in UYW. Methods: We carried out a multicentric, observational, retrospective study of consecutive UYW patients with BC. Only patients with infiltrating BC were included. Nine Mastology Centers located in the State of São Paulo took part in the research. The follow data were recorded: pathological tumor histology, number of positive lymph nodes multicentricity/multifocality, presence or absence of peritumoral vascular invasion (PVI), histologic grade (HG), pT category, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), HER2 and Ki67. We classified the neoplasias into five molecular subtypes by immunohistochemistry, based on modified recommendations of St. Gallen Consensus (2013): Luminal A-like, Luminal B-like HER2-, Luminal B-like HER2+, HER2 overexpressed (HER2+) non luminal and Triple-Negative. The frequency of the analysed parameters were calculated. The research protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of all Collaborative Centers. Individual informed consent was waived. Results: Invasive carcinoma of no special type (NST) was observed in 243 patients (88%), and infiltrative lobular tumor was extremely rare, being found in 1.1%. The tumor size in surgical specimens was above 20 mm in 54% (in 10% there was no more evidence of tumor after neoadjuvant treatment). We found 52.6% of patients without invasion in lymph nodes (LN) whereas in 22.2% there was more than four LNs involved. Multifocality was seen in 12.4%. HG was 2 or 3 in 98.3%. In 67.5% the tumors expressed ER, 59.4% gR, and 25.1% were HER2+. In 61.5% Ki67 was higher than 20%. Tumor molecular subtypes were classified in 16.6% Luminal A-like, 35.9% Luminal B-like HER2-, 15.1% Luminal B-like HER2+, 9.3% HER2+ non-luminal and in 22.9% Basal-like. Conclusions: Our data from UYW with BC revealed unfavorable characteristics, with frequent adverse pathological and molecular prognostic factors.
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Oliveira, Persis Araújo, Juliana Campelo Aragão Bitencourt, and Lorena Natali Cardoso Fernandes Caldas. "DIAGNOSTIC CHALLENGE OF A LOCALLY ADVANCED LESION: CASE REPORT OF PRIMARY BREAST ANGIOSARCOMA." In Scientifc papers of XXIII Brazilian Breast Congress - 2021. Mastology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942021v31s1082.
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Introduction: Primary angiosarcoma of the breast (PAOB) is a class of extremely rare sarcomas, with an incidence rate of 1/2,000 cases of breast cancer worldwide. It is more frequent in 20- and 50-year-old women without history of previous cancer and commonly described in the left breast. Clinical presentation can be the same as usual breast cancer and histology can mimic poorly differentiated ductal carcinoma, which is why immunohistochemistry should be performed. Swelling, a feeling of fullness and exponential growth within the breast are frequent complaints, as noted by Kunkiel et al. in their series of case reports. The natural history of PAOB is only partly understood, suggesting that the lesion begins within the mammary parenchyma and then infiltrates skin and subcutaneous tissue nearby. The predominant management has been mastectomy, mainly, or sectorectomy with clear margins in cases of conservative breast surgery. Adjuvant therapies are not associated with improved survival, except for adjuvant chemotherapy in localized tumors of 5 cm or more. Case report: S.O.S., a 32-year-old woman, identified breast asymmetry in 2017, during the lactation period, presence of mild pain and swelling in the left breast. She was admitted to the breast cancer and benign lesions outpatient clinic at Professor Alberto Antunes University Hospital in February 2019. She held a BI-RADS 4 breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in January 2019, which suggestedan irregular mass in the left breast, probably of vasculolymphatic nature; also showed core biopsy in February 2019: low-grade PAOB. In April 2019, she underwent a modified radical mastectomy of the left breast with ipsilateral lymphadenectomy. Due to the large extent of the lesion, an entire cutaneous area of left anterior hemithorax was resected, and thoracoepigastric flap was used to close the left hemithorax. An anatomopathological report diagnosed PAOB grade I. In July 2019, immunohistochemistry corroborated the diagnosis of PAOB with CD31 positive; positive von Willebrand factor (Factor VIII - polyclonal Rabbit) and ki67 positive for 25% of neoplastic cells. In the fourth month after the surgery, the patient started adjuvant radiotherapy, concluding it in October 2019. In post-treatment follow-up, in January 2021, she was referred to the breast reconstruction program, awaiting the procedure until this report was made.
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Mukhopadhyay, Asima, Nicola Curtin, and Richard Edmondson. "Evaluation of different methods to assess homologous recombination status and sensitivity to PARP inhibitors in ovarian cancer." In 16th Annual International Conference RGCON. Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685289.
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Methods: Matched samples of ascites and tumor tissue were taken from patients undergoing surgery for epithelial ovarian cancer. Tumor samples were formalin fixed and paraffin embedded (FFPE); ascites samples were used to generate primary cultures (PC). HR status was determined in PCs as previously described.[1] IC50 for the PARP inhibitor Rucaparib was estimated using SRB assays. DNA was extracted from the FFPE tissue. The following techniques were evaluated in PCs or paired FFPE samples: DR-GFP reporter assay, PARP activity assay, BRCA1 expression on immunohistochemistry, BRCA1 methylation status and BRCA1/2 mutation analysis. A next generation sequencing based assay was used to detect mutations and other genomic alterations in a large panel of cancer-associated genes, including BRCA1/2. Results: Paired samples were collected from 64 patients and characterized for HR function. 47/64 (76%) were high grade serous. 44% (28/64)) were HR defective (HRD) by Rad51 assay and correlated with Rucaparib sensitivity (PPV-92%, NPV-100%). Molecular analysis revealed that all mutations and other genomic alterations detected in ascites derived PCs were also found in matched FFPE tumor tissues. All tumors with serous histology contained p53 mutations, whilst the remaining tumors without p53 mutations were non-serous in histology. DR-GFP assay was unreliable in PC due to poor transfection. In a subset of 50 cancers there was reduced BRCA1 expression in the HRD vs. HRC tumours (34.8% vs. 22.7%, ns) whilst in a further subset of 30 cases there was no difference in endogenous or stimulated PARP activity between HRD and HRC tumours. Deleterious BRCA2 mutations were identified in 7 tumors, 6 of which were HRD. Only 1 deleterious BRCA1 mutation was detected but methylation of BRCA1 was identified in 13 of 64 (20%) tumors, 7 of which were HRD. Mutation of BRCA2 was mutually exclusive to methylation of BRCA1. HRD vs. HRC tumours showed BRCA1 methylation (25% vs. 17%) and BRCA1/2 mutation (21% vs. 0.3%). 14/28 (50%) HR defective tumors do not have BRCA1/2 mutations or BRCA1 methylation, suggesting other mechanisms can also result in a HR defective phenotype. 28/64 (43%) of samples demonstrated the HR defective phenotype. In all cases HR status correlated with sensitivity to Rucaparib. Conclusion: As expected, deleterious BRCA2 mutations conferred a HRD phenotype in cells but methylation of BRCA1 was not universally associated with HRD. This may be as a result of only partial silencing of the gene by methylation and further work is required to identify thresholds of methylation which may predict HR status. The use of BRCA1/2 mutation testing alone is unlikely to identify the majority of HR defective ovarian tumors. Assessment of functional status of HRD is the preferred option and further technologies should be developed to simplify the Rad51 assay.
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Assunção, Silvaleide Ataides, Vinicius Lemos Nascimento, Bruno Henrique de Aguiar Brito, Carolina Daher de Alencar Neves, Laura Queiroz da Silva, Pedro Vinicyus Novais e. Souza, Fernando Santos de Azevedo, and Lanúscia Morais de Santana. "NTRK MUTATION IN ADENOID CYSTIC CARCINOMA: A RARE TYPE OF TRIPLE NEGATIVE." In Abstracts from the Brazilian Breast Cancer Symposium - BBCS 2021. Mastology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942021v31s2072.
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Introduction: Breast cancer is one of the neoplasms that most cause death in women. Among these, there are some subtypes of greater biological aggressiveness, such as triple negative and HER overexpressed, which are associated with greater recurrence and mortality. Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), salivary gland type, represents less than 0.1% of primary breast carcinomas and has indolent biological behavior and favorable prognosis compared with nonspecial triplenegative types. Case Report: A 51-year-old woman diagnosed with locally advanced ACC in the right breast, with negative immunohistochemistry for hormone receptors and HER2, underwent quadrantectomy with upfront axillary dissection, followed by adjuvant radiotherapy. After 12 years of diagnosis, she presented significant back pain, with magnetic resonance imaging scan evidencing bone lesion without medullary involvement in D7 and L1 suggestive of the secondary implant. Anatomopathology revealed the same histology as the primary tumor. Re-evaluation of chest tomography showed progression of pulmonary disease, 5 months after diagnosis of the first metastasis, underwent segmentectomy, with descriptive pathology identical to the initial lesion. Due to the oligoprogression and tumor type, somatic genetic research of the lung material was requested, which revealed a mutation in the NTRK gene, patient is still waiting for Larotrectinib in court. Discussion: The tumor has an unusual histological type, rare occurrence, slow progression course, and the absence of lymph node metastasis; the average incidence is around age 60. In this case, a young patient presented an ACC tumor with lung and bone metastasis. Due to the rarity, there is no definitive consensus regarding the ideal treatment, with the literature referring to the choice of mastectomy. Conclusions: Although malignant breast neoplasms and nonspecial subtypes, such as ductal and triple negative, have a poor prognosis, breast carcinoma of this aforementioned type has a favorable prognosis. The search for driver mutations in cancers of special types, together with the advances in genetic medicine, allows satisfactory results with target-specific treatments.
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Discher, Dennis, and Adam Engler. "Mesenchymal Stem Cell Injection After Myocardial Infarction Improves Myocardial Compliance." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176754.
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Cellular therapy for myocardial injury has improved ventricular function in both animal and clinical studies, though the mechanism of benefit is unclear. This study was undertaken to examine the effects of cellular injection after infarction on myocardial elasticity. Coronary artery ligation of Lewis rats was followed by direct injection of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) into the acutely ischemic myocardium. Two weeks post-infarct, myocardial elasticity was mapped by atomic force microscopy. MSC-injected hearts near the infarct region were two-fold stiffer than myocardium from non-infarcted animals but softer than myocardium from vehicle-treated infarcted animals. After eight weeks, the following variables were evaluated: MSC engraftment and left ventricular geometry by histologic methods; cardiac function with a pressure-volume conductance catheter; myocardial fibrosis by Masson trichrome staining; vascularity by immunohistochemistry; and apoptosis by TUNEL assay. The human cells engrafted and expressed a cardiomyocyte protein but stopped short of full differentiation and did not stimulate significant angiogenesis. MSC-injected hearts showed significantly less fibrosis than controls, as well as less left ventricular dilation, reduced apoptosis, increased myocardial thickness, and preservation of systolic and diastolic cardiac function. In summary, MSC injection after myocardial infarction did not regenerate contracting cardiomyocytes but reduced the stiffness of the subsequent scar and attenuated post-infarction remodeling, preserving some cardiac function. Improving scarred heart muscle compliance could be a functional benefit of cellular cardiomyoplasty.
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Borges, Isabela Caldas, Luís Eduardo Matoso Vieira, David Barbosa Duarte Vidal, and Milena Melgaço Melo. "A 90-YEAR-OLD WOMAN WITH INVASIVE LOBULAR CARCINOMA SUCCESSFULLY TREATED WITH CHEMOTHERAPY: A CASE REPORT." In XXIV Congresso Brasileiro de Mastologia. Mastology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942022v32s1001.
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Invasive lobular carcinoma is the second most common type of invasive breast cancer. Specific information regarding its gold standard treatment is still very sparse, especially in older patients aged 80 years or more, or in more severe cases. Therefore, studies that show this tumor’s response to different kinds of treatment are still very necessary. A 90-year-old female patient, G5P4A1, with a familiar history of breast cancer (mother and sister), presented in March 2019 with a suspicious nodule on the right breast, measuring 2.6×1.9 cm at the physical examination. There were no palpable lymph nodes. Further investigation with ultrasound (US) showed an irregular solid hypoechoic nodule measuring 2.9×2.3 cm on the right breast, BI-RADS 6. Anatomopathological examination revealed an invasive lobular carcinoma; histologic grade II and an immunohistochemistry report indicated the expression of hormone receptors (ER+ 80%, PR+ 70%) and a cell proliferation rate (Ki-67) of 10%, whereas there was no expression of HER2. Clinical staging was T2N0MX (inoperable stage IIa). The patient then started chemotherapy with Fulvestrant + Denosumab in April 2019, with 10 sessions of this combined regimen (in April 2019, July 2019, August 2019, September 2019, November 2019, December 2019, September 2020, November 2020, December 2020, and January 2021), which was switched in 6 months (in April 2019, May 2019, June 2019, January 2020, August 2020, and October 2020) to sessions of a Fulvestrant-isolated regimen. The nodule size was evaluated with US throughout the treatment, showing constant regression: 2.2×1.8 cm (June 2019), 1.84×1.05 cm (July 2019), and 0.8×0.7 cm (September 2019 and August 2020). The chemotherapy sessions ended in January 2021, when she also had her last medical evaluation. The newest US she brought on that occasion showed that the solid nodule referred to in the most recent previous examination on the right breast had no current US expression (BI-RADS 1). The patient exhibited an excellent response to the chemotherapy. Hence, this form of treatment emerges as a valid and useful tool in the therapeutic management of invasive lobular carcinoma.
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Vieira, Daniella Serafin Couto, Laura Otto Walter, Ana Carolina Rabello de Moraes, João Péricles da Silva Jr, and Maria Cláudia Santos Silva. "CROSS-SECTIONAL ANALYSIS OF CLINICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL FACTORS OF BREAST CANCER IMMUNOPHENOTYPES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TWO DIFFERENT METHODOLOGIES OVER A 24‑YEAR HISTORICAL SERIES." In Scientifc papers of XXIII Brazilian Breast Congress - 2021. Mastology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942021v31s1043.
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Introduction: Breast cancer (BC) is the most incident form of cancer in women worldwide. The widespread use of breast screening programs, as well advances in molecular biology, and new drugs in chemotherapy have contributed to the recent survival rate improvement in high income countries. Furthermore, the study of cancer genome led to the elucidation of the intrinsic subtypes of invasive breast cancer (IBC), consequently, the success rate of targeted therapies improved the outcome in patients. However, considering that immunohistochemistry (IHC) is one of the main methods to determine the profile of protein expression in surgical pathology, most antibodies used have a presumed or already established role and represent proteins whose transcription has been previously described in genetic profile studies. Objectives: Describe the prevalence of IBC in women admitted to a public hospital in Brazil from 1994 to 2018, to establish a correlation between two models of immunohistochemical analysis, the 13th St. Gallen Conference classification and the biomarkerdefined subtypes based on HER2 and estrogen receptor (ER) status, and to investigate the profile of these cases. Methods: Retrospective database analysis was performed. 1,335 women with histologic diagnosis of IBC were included in the study from a public hospital in Brazil between 1994 and 2018. Frequencies and univariate associations were estimated by using chi-square tests. Agreement between the immunohistochemical groups were tested by using Cohen’s kappa coefficients. Results: The mean age was 56.1 years. The most prevalent subtype was luminal B/HER2 and the frequency of tumors with worse prognosis was 62.7%. An association was found between histological grade 3 (G3) and the worst prognostic subtypes: non-luminal A (OR=31.18; 95%CI 13.76–70.64), TNBC (OR=8.77; 95%CI 6.20–12.41), non-ER+/HER2- (OR=5.37; 95%CI 4.11–7.04) and ER-/HER2- (OR=8.50; 95%CI 6.10–11.85). A similar association was found for nuclear G3: non-luminal A (OR=6.3; 95%CI 4.29–9.47), TNBC (OR=5.14; 95%CI 3.64–7.31), non-ER+/HER2- (OR=4.83; 95%CI 3.80–6.15) and ER-/HER2- (OR=5.41; 95%CI 3.92–7.50). When the two models of immunohistochemical analysis were compared, the results showed an agreement rate of 99.48% to 100%. Conclusions: Our results show that most cases had worse outcomes, and there was absolute agreement between the two models of immunohistochemical analysis. These results can contribute to institutions that do not have molecular investigation, enabling accessible tools in routine practice.
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Jacome, Anna Carolina Pereira, Ingrid Bernucci Neto, Patrícia Aguiar Bellini, Luciana Carvalho Horta, and Bruno Henrique Jacome Alvarenga. "OCCULT PRIMARY TRIPLE NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER IN AN ELDERLY PATIENT: CASE REPORT." In Scientifc papers of XXIII Brazilian Breast Congress - 2021. Mastology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942021v31s1003.
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Introduction: Occult primary breast cancer is very rare, accounting for less than 1% of all cases of breast cancer, generally associated with a poor prognosis. It is defined as a clinically recognizable metastatic carcinoma derived from an undetectable primary breast tumor, with metastasis to the axillary and cervical lymph nodes. Clinical and radiological examinations represent the first steps in the diagnosis, followed by a histological and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis, as well as a multidisciplinary team evaluation and therapy - essential for diagnosis and treatment. The most common phenotype is a positive hormone-receptor adenocarcinoma for which there is no clear consensus about optimal management, however a standard approach is axillary lymph node (ALN) dissection. Ipsilateral mastectomy, neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy are controversial but may be acceptable in selected cases. Case report: A 72-year-old woman with a history of colon adenocarcinoma surgically treated, presented with an axillary mass of rapid growth. Uponn physical examination, a 5 cm mass in the left axilla and a palpable ipsilateral supraclavicular lymph node (SCLN) were identified, without any evidence of a breast lesion. imaging analysis with bilateral mammography, ultrasonography and breast magnetic ressonance imaging showed suspicious axillary and SC adenopathy, both on the left side; no abnormal breast findings. She was submitted to core biopsy and IHC analysis, andan invasive triple negative metastatic breast cancer was diagnosed. The patient underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide / doxorubicin, evolving with disease progression, so the regimen was modified to carboplatin. There was no response to treatment, with persistent growing of the lesion. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was interrupted and surgery was performed to resect the ALN and the SCLN. It was a difficult surgery due to the extension of the axillary mass, in conjunction with adherence to the subclavian vein. A histologic analysis confirmed the inicial diagnosis of metastatic breast cancer. Surgery was followed by radiotherapy, but disease progression was fast. She manifested a large axillary recurrence and progressed to death 4 months after the beginning of treatment. This case report describes how challeging occult breast cancer can be, specially when associated with an unusual presentation such as a triple negative phenotype and SC adenopathy. At first, the hypothesis of colon metastasis was proposed due to the poor reponse to chemotherapy. Despite being submited to the standard approach proposed and supported by literature, the aggressive and rapid progression to death represents an obvious need to discuss other treatment options for occult breast carcinoma with unusual presentations, such as negative hormone-receptor.