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1
Hasegawa, Haruki. "Aggregates, Crystals, Gels, and Amyloids: Intracellular and Extracellular Phenotypes at the Crossroads of Immunoglobulin Physicochemical Property and Cell Physiology." International Journal of Cell Biology 2013 (2013): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/604867.
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Recombinant immunoglobulins comprise an important class of human therapeutics. Although specific immunoglobulins can be purposefully raised against desired antigen targets by various methods, identifying an immunoglobulin clone that simultaneously possesses potent therapeutic activities and desirable manufacturing-related attributes often turns out to be challenging. The variable domains of individual immunoglobulins primarily define the unique antigen specificities and binding affinities inherent to each clone. The primary sequence of the variable domains also specifies the unique physicochemical properties that modulate various aspects of individual immunoglobulin life cycle, starting from the biosynthetic steps in the endoplasmic reticulum, secretory pathway trafficking, secretion, and the fate in the extracellular space and in the endosome-lysosome system. Because of the diverse repertoire of immunoglobulin physicochemical properties, some immunoglobulin clones’ intrinsic properties may manifest as intriguing cellular phenotypes, unusual solution behaviors, and serious pathologic outcomes that are of scientific and clinical importance. To gain renewed insights into identifying manufacturable therapeutic antibodies, this paper catalogs important intracellular and extracellular phenotypes induced by various subsets of immunoglobulin clones occupying different niches of diverse physicochemical repertoire space. Both intrinsic and extrinsic factors that make certain immunoglobulin clones desirable or undesirable for large-scale manufacturing and therapeutic use are summarized.
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Gong, Yuxin, Bo Liao, Dejun Peng, and Quan Zou. "Accurate Prediction and Key Feature Recognition of Immunoglobulin." Applied Sciences 11, no. 15 (July 27, 2021): 6894. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11156894.
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Immunoglobulin, which is also called an antibody, is a type of serum protein produced by B cells that can specifically bind to the corresponding antigen. Immunoglobulin is closely related to many diseases and plays a key role in medical and biological circles. Therefore, the use of effective methods to improve the accuracy of immunoglobulin classification is of great significance for disease research. In this paper, the CC–PSSM and monoTriKGap methods were selected to extract the immunoglobulin features, MRMD1.0 and MRMD2.0 were used to reduce the feature dimension, and the effect of discriminating the two–dimensional key features identified by the single dimension reduction method from the mixed two–dimensional key features was used to distinguish the immunoglobulins. The data results indicated that monoTrikGap (k = 1) can accurately predict 99.5614% of immunoglobulins under 5-fold cross–validation. In addition, CC–PSSM is the best method for identifying mixed two–dimensional key features and can distinguish 92.1053% of immunoglobulins. The above proves that the method used in this paper is reliable for predicting immunoglobulin and identifying key features.
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Tsavaris, N., D. Tsigalacis, C. Kosmas, CH Koufos, G. Vaiopoulos, M. Tzivras, G. Kouraklis, et al. "Preliminary Evaluation of the Potential Prognostic Value of Serum Levels of Immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM, IgG, IgE) in Patients with Gastric Cancer." International Journal of Biological Markers 13, no. 2 (April 1998): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/172460089801300204.
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Sixty patients with advanced gastric carcinoma who refused to receive cytotoxic chemotherapy were examined for serum immunoglobulin levels (IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE). Three samples were obtained every two months thereafter. The group of patients who had above-normal values of one or more of the examined immunoglobulins had a longer survival than the other (p<0.024). Immunoglobulin values were independent of the Helicobacter pylori antibody titer and of acute phase reactants. It is concluded that survival potentially correlates with serum immunoglobulin levels. Further studies including larger numbers of patients and correlating serum immunoglobulin levels with specific clinical parameters are needed to establish the prognostic role of serum immunoglobulins in patients with gastric carcinoma.
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Puspitasari, Heni, Yuliana Praptiwi, and Lucia Suwanti. "Production and Characterization of Immunoglobuline Yolk as anti antigen membrane Toxoplasma gondii." Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease 6, no. 2 (December 29, 2016): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ijtid.v6i2.1365.
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Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate parasite intracellular which can infected human and other mammalian. Immunoglobulin Y technology offers several advantages better than antibody production in mammals. This research was aimed to get immunoglobulin Y from egg yolk, to prove that antibody against membrane T. gondii antigen can produced from immunoglobulin Y and to know the characterization of immunoglobuline Y according to molecular weight by SDS PAGE and reactivation of antibody antigen by Western Blott. This research devided from many step : passase tachyzoites T. gondii into mice by peritoneal infection, cultivated the tachyzoite from intraperitoneal fluid, preparation of membrane antigen tachyzoite T. gondii, then immunization laying hens with membrane antigen, extraction and purification immunoglobuline Y from egg yolk and then protein analyzed by SDS PAGE and Western Blott. The result of this resarch showed that immunoglobulin Y from egg yolk can produced antibody against protein membrane T. gondii. The result of analyzed profile protein immunoglobuline Y according SDS PAGE has molecular weight 179,8 kDa. Analyzed from Western Blott showed that immunoglobulin Y can recognize antigen epitope of T. gondii on molecular weight 35,7 kDa and 78,8 kDa.
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Srikumaran, S., E. A. Kluever, D. V. Onisk, and K. Hariharan. "Quantitation of bovine immunoglobulins in culture fluids by use of sandwich radioimmunoassay with monoclonal antibodies." American Journal of Veterinary Research 52, no. 2 (February 1, 1991): 243–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1991.52.02.243.
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SUMMARY Bovine immunoglobulin isotype-specific murine monoclonal antibodies were used in sandwich radioimmunoassays to detect and quantitate bovine IgG1, IgG2, IgM, and IgA in culture fluids. The concentrations of bovine immunoglobulins in unknown samples were extrapolated from standard curves generated with bovine monoclonal immunoglobulins. The lowest detection limits for the bovine immunoglobulin isotypes ranged from 65 to 270 ng/ml.
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Okamoto, Yasuyuki, Noboru Hamada, Toshimichi Fujisawa, Jaeduk Noh, Junichi Yamakawa, Mariko Ohno, Kunihiko Ito, and Hirotoshi Morii. "Why no simple relationship between thyroid peroxidase activity-inhibiting immunoglobulins and thyroid function in autoimmune thyroid disease?" Acta Endocrinologica 124, no. 4 (April 1991): 442–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1240442.
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Abstract. We have reported that some anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies inhibit the activity of thyroid peroxidase in vitro. These thyroid peroxidase activity-inhibiting immunoglobulins seem to inhibit thyroid function in some patients, but the relationship between thyroid peroxidase activity-inhibiting immunoglobulins and thyroid function is not simple. We designed this study to explore this lack of a simple relationship. We stained immunoglobulin G deposits by immunofluorescence staining or the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method, and stained endogenous thyroid peroxidase activity by enzyme histochemistry in thyroid sections. When cryostat thyroid sections were incubated with thyroid peroxidase activity-inhibiting immunoglobulins, immunoglobulin G deposits were seen as lines of stain on the apical border and as intracellular staining, and endogenous thyroid peroxidase activity was inhibited. In paraffin-embedded thyroid sections from 5 Hashimoto's patients and 6 Graves' patients, immunoglobulin G deposits were not found on the apical border of the follicular epithelium. In frozen thyroid sections from 22 Graves' patients, no clear deposits of immunoglobulin G on this apical border were seen. In organ-cultured thyroid slices incubated with thyroid peroxidase activity-inhibiting immunoglobulins, endogenous thyroid peroxidase activity was not inhibited. In conclusion, thyroid peroxidase activity-inhibiting immunoglobulins may reach its antigen only with difficulty. This is one of the reasons why no simple relationship is observed between thyroid peroxidase activity-inhibiting immunoglobulins and thyroid function.
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Lock, R. J., and D. J. Unsworth. "Immunoglobulins and immunoglobulin subclasses in the elderly." Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 40, no. 2 (March 1, 2003): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/000456303763046067.
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Background: Published data imply that adult concentrations are achieved for all Ig isotypes and plateau by 15--18 years of age. Recent data, however, suggest that these results are not applicable in the elderly. There are no equivalent data for IgG subclasses. We present reference range data for an elderly UK patient population, for IgG, IgA, IgM and IgG subclasses. Methods: Serum immunoglobulins were reviewed on samples from 1146 patients > 60 years of age and 925 patients aged 18--60 years. Serum IgG subclasses were reviewed on samples from 498 patients >60 years and 484 patients aged 18--60 years. All Igs and subclasses were measured by nephelometry. Reference ranges were derived by probability plotting. Results: Serum median IgG and IgM concentrations are reduced in the elderly (IgG female P < 0·001, IgG male P < 0·03; IgM female P < 0·001, IgM male P < 0·001). Serum IgA concentrations are maintained. Indeed, men showed a slight increase in serum IgA with age ( P = 0·03). Few differences dependent on gender were seen. Median IgM was lower in men in the younger age groups (18--60 years P < 0·001; 61--70 years P = 0·017). IgG2 is reduced in elderly men ( P = 0·002) and IgG, reduced in elderly women ( P = 0·009). Conclusions: We advocate that centres offering these investigations provide local, method-dependent reference ranges, and suggest an approach as to how this might be achieved.
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Walther, Stefanie, Tamara V. Rusitzka, Ulrike S. Diesterbeck, and Claus-Peter Czerny. "Equine immunoglobulins and organization of immunoglobulin genes." Developmental & Comparative Immunology 53, no. 2 (December 2015): 303–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dci.2015.07.017.
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Butler, J. E., and W. R. Brown. "The immunoglobulins and immunoglobulin genes of swine." Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 43, no. 1-3 (October 1994): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-2427(94)90114-7.
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Wagner, Bettina. "Immunoglobulins and immunoglobulin genes of the horse." Developmental & Comparative Immunology 30, no. 1-2 (January 2006): 155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dci.2005.06.008.
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Santos, José Augusto Rodrigues, Ricardo J. Fernandes, and Rodrigo Zacca. "Multi-Micronutrient Supplementation and Immunoglobulin Response in Well-Fed Firefighters." Sports Medicine International Open 05, no. 01 (December 17, 2020): E1—E7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1296-1486.
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AbstractIntensive physical training programs can affect the immune system. This study aims to verify the multi-micronutrient supplementation effects on serum immunoglobulins levels prior to and after a five-week physical training program. Twenty-four male recruit firefighters were randomly allocated into supplemented (with Prisfar Ever-Fit Plus over 35 consecutive days) and placebo groups (n=12 each). Serum immunoglobulins G, A, and M were assessed. Supplementation effect was detected for immunoglobulin G (eta-squared, η2: 0.09; p=0.035; power: 0.56), A (η2: 0.24; p=0.001; power: 0.95), and M (η2: 0.09; p=0.036; power: 0.56). Although immunoglobulin A was different between groups at baseline (mean difference: 42.58; 95%CI: 7.00 to 78.16 mg/dL; p=0.021; d=2.48), within-group (before vs. after five weeks) showed no differences for both supplemented and control groups. In addition, even if immunoglobulin G and M were similar at baseline, immunoglobulin G decreased (mean diff.: 46.4; 95%CI: 6.7 to 86.1 mg/dL; p=0.03; d=0.74) and immunoglobulin M increased (mean diff.: −10.7; 95%CI: −15.8 to −5.5 mg/dL; p=0.001; d=−1.33) in the control group. Although mean values remained within the reference values, changes observed for immunoglobulin G and M may reflect some immune protection for firefighters engaged in recruit training.
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Schweitzer, P. A., S. E. Taylor, and L. D. Shultz. "Synthesis of abnormal immunoglobulins by hybridomas from autoimmune "viable motheaten" mutant mice." Journal of Cell Biology 114, no. 1 (July 1, 1991): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.114.1.35.
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Secretory defects in abnormal plasma cells, called Mott cells, that appear in lymphoid tissues of spontaneously autoimmune, "viable motheaten" (mev/mev) mice lead to deposition of immunoglobulin in RER-bound vesicles. Such vesicles have been termed Russel bodies. Cells with Russel bodies can also be observed rarely in normal animals, usually as a result of extreme antigenic loads or pathologic states. To understand why these abnormal cells appear commonly in mev/mev mice, we have established a panel of hybridomas that contain Russell bodies. Using immunochemical analysis and immunoelectron microscopy, we have characterized the secretory defects. Although these hybridoma cells synthesize a normal size heavy chain and it associates with light chain, the Russell bodies have many characteristics of inclusion bodies, which commonly appear in cells synthesizing mutant proteins and often are associated with incompletely or abnormally folded proteins. Pulse-chase experiments showed that immunoglobulins synthesized by these hybridomas accumulate rapidly into insoluble complexes and have an intracellular half life approximately 10 time greater than normal immunoglobulins. The defect affected only the immunoglobulin derived from the mev/mev mice and did not affect the secretion of normal immunoglobulin produced by an IgG1-secreting fusion partner. In addition to accumulating intracellular immunoglobulins, many mutant cell lines also secreted immunoglobulin. Endoglycosidase H digestion was used to determine the state of processing of the N-linked carbohydrates on the immunoglobulin molecules. This analysis demonstrated that the N-linked carbohydrates on the secreted immunoglobulin were resistant to endoglycosidase H digestion, indicating that they were processed normally. The insoluble IgM molecules were sensitive to endoglycosidase H, which is consistent with their localization to the RER. We propose several models by which these abnormal immunoglobulin-secreting cells commonly appear in this autoimmune mutant mouse.
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Sokołowska, J., J. Micuń, K. Zabielska, E. Malicka, and R. Lechowski. "Immunohistochemical study of expression of immunoglobulins in canine B-cell lymphomas." Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences 13, no. 4 (December 1, 2010): 623–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10181-010-0004-5.
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Immunohistochemical study of expression of immunoglobulins in canine B-cell lymphomasNineteen canine lymphomas were included in this study. Tumors were classified according to the updated Kiel classification adapted for canine lymphomas by Fournel-Fleury et al. Immunoglobulin light chains (κ and λ) and IgM and IgG expression were determined by immunohistochemical method. In all examined cases neoplastic cells were positive for one of the immunoglobulin light chains. Expression of λ light chains and κ light chains was observed in 18/19 and 1/19 tumors, respectively. In the majority of neoplastic cells in each examined specimen this reaction had a membranous pattern (sκ/sλ). In all examined cases the presence of immunoglobulin light chains was also observed in the cytoplasm of some neoplastic cells (cκ/cλ). These cells were usally rare and never constituted a dominant population. The expression of immunoglobulin was found in 13/19 cases. Most lymphomas were sIgM positive (11/13 cases). In one case expression of IgG was found, and in another lymphoma two populations of neoplastic cells with different expression of examined immunoglobulins (cells with IgM+and IgG+phenotypes) were observed. The reaction also had a membranous pattern. The cells containing cytoplasmic immunoglobulins were rare, and in most cases were of the same type as the surface immunoglobulins. Our study has confirmed that canine lymphomas are a monoclonal proliferation of B-cells usually expressing immunoglobulin λ light chains and that the vast majority of tumors deriving from B-cells express IgM. Our study also indicates a possibility of occurence of biclonal lymphomas in canine species.
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Pohanka, M. "Evaluation of Immunoglobulin Production during Tularaemia Infection in BALB/c Mouse Model." Acta Veterinaria Brno 76, no. 4 (2007): 579–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb200776040579.
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The chromatographic technique was used for assay of time-dependent content of antibodies in mice BALB/c infected by tularaemia. The assay was consequently performed on two types of chromatographic sorbents. The first was commercial CBindTM specific for serum immunoglobulins IgM, IgG and IgA. The second was originally prepared sorbent including protein G covalently bound on EnzacrylRAH particles. This sorbent has specificity for immunoglobulin IgG and its subclasses only. Finally, mass concentration of immunoglobulins in serum was determined. Two curves expressing time behavior of immunoglobulin content (immunoglobulin mass concentration vs. days after immunization) were used for finding the proper mathematical function. The function found was sigmoid; subsequently, appropriate constants needed for function solution were evaluated.
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Moskalets, O. V. "Selective Immunoglobulin A Deficiency Associated with Immunoglobulin G4 Deficiency in Adult Patient." Doctor.Ru 23, no. 1 (2024): 82–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31550/1727-2378-2024-23-1-82-85.
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Aim. To demonstrate the possibility of developing primary immunodeficiency with impaired antibody synthesis in an adult patient and discuss the algorithm for laboratory diagnostics and treatment tacticsto demonstrate the possibility of developing primar hypoimmunoglobulinemia after a course of imunosupressive therapy. Key points. Primary immunodeficiencies are a group of diseases associated with monogenic mutations. They do not have a typical clinical picture. A clinical observation is presented, when a selective deficiency of immunoglobulin A in combination with a selective deficiency of the subclass of immunoglobulin G was detected in a patient with chronic bronchopulmonary pathology. Clinical and laboratory criteria for diagnosis and treatment tactics are discussed. Сonclusion. Primary immunodeficiencies are often hidden by infectious masks. It is necessary to study serum immunoglobulins, with their normal levels or selective deficiency of immunoglobulin A, to additionally investigate the content of subclasses of immunoglobulin G. Keywords: primary immunodeficiency, selective immunoglobulin A deficiency, immunoglobulin G subclass deficiency.
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Akhmetzyanov, V. A., O. V. Chibiskova, and E. F. Kolesanova. "Selection of the Most Efficient Protocol for the Immunoglobulin Y Extraction from Hen Egg Yolk." Biomedical Chemistry: Research and Methods 5, no. 4 (2022): e00179. http://dx.doi.org/10.18097/bmcrm00179.
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Four protocols of immunoglobulin Y extraction and purification from hen egg yolk were compared and the optimal one was chosen from the viewpoint of the purity and yield of the final protein preparation. The following protocols were tested: 1) three-step treatment of the yolk substance with caprylic acid; 2) delipidation with dextran-sulfate followed by sodium sulfate fractionation; 3) removal of lipids via diluting by acidified water followed by sodium sulfate fractionation and 4) purification of immunoglobulins with the use of egg yolk freezing-thawing. Protein yields were assessed as amounts of the total protein in the final immunoglobulin preparations; purity was assessed via polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in denaturing (reducing and non-reducing) conditions. The protocol of the immunoglobulin Y extraction with the removal of lipids via diluting by acidified water followed by sodium sulfate fractionation was considered as the optimal one, with regard to the ratio between the protein yield and immunoglobulin preparation purity. This protocol can be employed both for the preparation of immunoglobulin Y samples for further affinity purifications of specific antibodies for research purposes and for the production of immunoglobulins Y as pharmaceutics.
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Gasperi, Christiane, Till F. M. Andlauer, Ana Keating, Benjamin Knier, Ana Klein, Verena Pernpeintner, Peter Lichtner, et al. "Genetic determinants of the humoral immune response in MS." Neurology - Neuroimmunology Neuroinflammation 7, no. 5 (July 16, 2020): e827. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/nxi.0000000000000827.
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ObjectiveIn this observational study, we investigated the impact of genetic factors at the immunoglobulin heavy chain constant locus on chromosome 14 and the major histocompatibility complex region on intrathecal immunoglobulin G, A, and M levels as well as on B cells and plasmablasts in the CSF and blood of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).MethodsUsing regression analyses, we tested genetic variants on chromosome 14 and imputed human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles for associations with intrathecal immunoglobulins in 1,279 patients with MS or clinically isolated syndrome and with blood and CSF B cells and plasmablasts in 301 and 348 patients, respectively.ResultsThe minor alleles of variants on chromosome 14 were associated with higher intrathecal immunoglobulin G levels (β = 0.58 [0.47 to 0.68], lowest adjusted p = 2.32 × 10−23), and lower intrathecal immunoglobulin M (β = −0.56 [−0.67 to −0.46], p = 2.06 × 10−24) and A (β = −0.42 [−0.54 to −0.31], p = 7.48 × 10−11) levels. Alleles from the HLA-B*07:02-DRB1*15:01-DQA1*01:02-DQB1*06:02 haplotype were associated with higher (lowest p = 2.14 × 10−7) and HLA-B*44:02 with lower (β = −0.35 [−0.54 to −0.17], p = 1.38 × 10−2) immunoglobulin G levels. Of interest, different HLA alleles were associated with lower intrathecal immunoglobulin M (HLA-C*02:02, β = −0.45 [−0.61 to −0.28], p = 1.01 × 10−5) and higher immunoglobulin A levels (HLA-DQA1*01:03-DQB1*06:03-DRB1*13:01 haplotype, β = 0.40 [0.21 to 0.60], p = 4.46 × 10−3). The impact of HLA alleles on intrathecal immunoglobulin G and M levels could mostly be explained by associations with CSF B cells and plasmablasts.ConclusionAlthough some HLA alleles seem to primarily drive the extent of humoral immune responses in the CNS by increasing CSF B cells and plasmablasts, genetic variants at the immunoglobulin heavy chain constant locus might regulate intrathecal immunoglobulins levels via different mechanisms.
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Спицын, А. Н., Д. В. Уткин, М. Н. Киреев, М. В. Овчинникова, О. С. Кузнецов, П. С. Ерохин, and В. И. Кочубей. "Спектрофотометрическая характеристика конъюгатов иммуноглобулинов для диагностики возбудителей особо опасных инфекций." Журнал технической физики 128, no. 3 (2020): 430. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/os.2020.03.49071.76-19.
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The possibility of using spectrophotometric analysis to characterize fluorescent immunoglobulins as a control method was considered. A comparative analysis of the optical properties of fluorescent immunoglobulin preparations and their constituent components - immunoglobulins, fluorochrome was carried out. The results suggest that the proposed methodological approach of optical detection of labeled immunoglobulin molecules is promising for controlling the preparation of conjugates used in the formulation of immunological reactions to identify specific antigens of pathogens of particularly dangerous infections.
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Wiese, Rick, Aliya Gessling, and David Hayes. "Multiplex immunoglobulin isotyping assays for human, mouse or rat serum samples (65.25)." Journal of Immunology 186, no. 1_Supplement (April 1, 2011): 65.25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.186.supp.65.25.
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Abstract The determination of serum immunoglobulin isotype concentrations is an important indicator of immunological health. We have constructed several multiplex isotyping assays on the Luminex® assay platform. These assays allow for the analysis of human, mouse and rat serum, tissue culture or body fluid samples. The human isotyping assay enables the quantification of immunoglobulins A, M, G1, G2, G3 and G4 in a single assay well. While the mouse isotyping assay cover immunoglobulins A, M, G1, G2A, G2B, and G3, and the rat isotyping immunoglobulins A, E, M, G1, G2A, G2B, G2C. Since the concentrations of IgE in human and mouse samples are typically much lower than the other immunoglobulin isotypes we have also designed separate assays for mouse and human IgE analysis. This collection of assays allows for the rapid, multiplex analysis of major immunoglobulin isotypes in the human , as well as the two predominant research maodels, rat and mouse.
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Almaghlouth, Ibrahim, Sindhu R. Johnson, Eleanor Pullenayegum, Dafna Gladman, and Murray Urowitz. "Immunoglobulin levels in systemic lupus erythematosus: A narrative review." Lupus 30, no. 6 (March 28, 2021): 867–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09612033211004714.
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Immunoglobulins play a fundamental role in the protection of the human body against internal and external threats. They also contribute to the immune system homeostasis and maintenance of self-tolerance. Hypogammaglobulinemia is occasionally encountered in routine clinical practice by rheumatologists. Low levels of immunoglobulins can occur as primary or secondary issues and may predispose patients to various forms of infection. However, the impact of the low immunoglobulin level abnormality varies with the underlying condition. In this narrative review, we shed light on the overall types and functions of immunoglobulins for clinicians. We discuss important principles of immunoglobulin measurements. We then consider the primary and secondary causes of low immunoglobulins with a special focus on hypogammaglobulinemia in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
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Zubavichene, N. M., V. V. Zolin, and E. A. Stavsky. "Liposomal and Suspension Forms of Immunoglobulins Against Ebola Fever as the New Medical Preparations." Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections, no. 4(110) (August 20, 2011): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2011-4(110)-57-60.
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Presented are the results of investigation of therapeutic effectiveness of liposomal and suspension forms of immunoglobulins, prepared on the basis of 10 % goat immunoglobulin against Ebola fever. The most pronounced therapeutic and preventive effect on guinea pigs with experimental Ebola fever was achieved by double administration of suspended immunoglobulin against Ebola fever. The incubation period increased twofold, 37,5 % of infected animals survived. The results achieved are perspective for further development of new immunoglobulin preparations on the basis of liposomes and nanoemulsions.
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Kim, Hwan Keun, Fabiana Falugi, Dominique Missiakas, and Olaf Schneewind. "Expression of two immunoglobulin binding proteins is necessary for S. aureus to avoid host mediated innate and adaptive immune systems (P3138)." Journal of Immunology 190, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2013): 186.16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.190.supp.186.16.
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Abstract Human or animal infections with S. aureus do not elicit protective immunity against staphylococcal diseases. Staphylococci are notorious to deploy a wide spectrum of strategies to avoid host immune system. Previous work revealed that both innate and adaptive immune systems are hampered by the expression of two immunoglobulin binding proteins; staphylococcal protein A (SpA) and staphylococcal binder of immunoglobulins (Sbi). Staphylococcal protein A, a molecule that associates with both Fc and Fab portions of immunoglobulins, is necessary 1) to neutralize the antibody mediated opsonophagocytosis and 2) to trigger the expansion and apoptotic demise of B cell populations. The second immunoglobulin binding protein, Sbi, can associate with Fc portion of immunoglobulin and complement factor C3 to disable a critical juncture between the innate and adaptive immunity. Although much of biochemical analysis revealed how the two staphylococcal proteins engage with immunoglobulins for many years, their role as immuno modulatory virulence factors in vivo has not been fully understood. We have investigated the significance of immunoglobulin association with staphylococci during acute and chronic infection in animal model and characterized the molecular mechanisms to avert host immune defense system. Strategies are also discussed on how the two secreted products of staphylococci may be exploited for the development of vaccines and therapeutics.
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Roth, Michael. "Is There a Regulatory Role of Immunoglobulins on Tissue Forming Cells Relevant in Chronic Inflammatory Lung Diseases?" Journal of Allergy 2011 (November 2, 2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/721517.
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Epithelial cells, fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells together form and give structure to the airway wall. These three tissue forming cell types are structure giving elements and participate in the immune response to inhaled particles including allergens and dust. All three cell types actively contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory lung diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Tissue forming cells respond directly to allergens through activated immunoglobulins which then bind to their corresponding cell surface receptors. It was only recently reported that allergens and particles traffic through epithelial cells without modification and bind to the immunoglobulin receptors on the surface of sub-epithelial mesenchymal cells. In consequence, these cells secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines, thereby extending the local inflammation. Furthermore, activation of the immunoglobulin receptors can induce proliferation and tissue remodeling of the tissue forming cells. New studies using anti-IgE antibody therapy indicate that the inhibition of immunoglobulins reduces the response of tissue forming cells. The unmeasured questions are: (i) why do tissue forming cells express immunoglobulin receptors and (ii) do tissue forming cells process immunoglobulin receptor bound particles? The focus of this review is to provide an overview of the expression and function of various immunoglobulin receptors.
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Pu, C., S. Sukhal, and S. Fakhran. "Humoral Immunity in Bronchiectasis: Finding Good’s Syndrome." Case Reports in Pulmonology 2015 (2015): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/531731.
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We present a case of a 37-year-old man with a past history of a surgically removed thymoma, who presented with recurrent pulmonary infections and bronchiectasis. On further testing, he was found to have low total immunoglobulin levels, a constellation of findings known as Good’s syndrome. He responded well to immunoglobulin replacement, in addition to the usual treatments for bronchiectasis. We present this case to emphasize the association of bronchiectasis, low immunoglobulins, and thymomas and the role of immunoglobulin replacement as a treatment option.
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Merkel, Glenn J., Charles L. Phelps, and Roger W. Roeske. "Cell surface specific immunoglobulin inhibits α factor mediated morphogenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 33, no. 4 (April 1, 1987): 331–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m87-056.
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Immunoglobulins raised from Saccharomyces cerevisiae a and α mating type cell envelope preparations inhibited α factor mediated morphogenesis of the a cell without inhibiting normal cell division. The Ig responsible for this inhibition was absorbed to both a and α whole cells and heat-killed cells, indicating that the immunoglobulin binding sites were exposed on the cell surface and not mating type specific. Additionally, α factor mediated cell cycle arrest was not affected by the immunoglobulin preparations, implying that the immunoglobulin was not preventing α factor from binding to its receptor.
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Kouvalainen, K., and I. Moilanen. "Intrapair Similarity of Immunoglobulin Levels in Twins." Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae: twin research 36, no. 4 (October 1987): 509–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001566000006887.
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AbstractLevels of immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, IgM and IgE were determined in 8 MZ and 14 DZ twin pairs at the ages of 6-11 years, 12-17 years and 15-20 years. Intrapair similarity in immunoglobulin levels was found to be higher in the MZ than in the DZ twins, especially in the case of immunoglobulins IgA and IgM.
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Markina, Yuliya V., Elena V. Gerasimova, Alexander M. Markin, Victor Y. Glanz, Wei-Kai Wu, Igor A. Sobenin, and Alexander N. Orekhov. "Sialylated Immunoglobulins for the Treatment of Immuno-Inflammatory Diseases." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 15 (July 31, 2020): 5472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21155472.
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Immunoglobulins are the potent effector proteins of the humoral immune response. In the course of evolution, immunoglobulins have formed extremely diverse types of molecular structures with antigen-recognizing, antigen-binding, and effector functions embedded in a single molecule. Polysaccharide moiety of immunoglobulins plays the essential role in immunoglobulin functioning. There is growing evidence that the carbohydrate composition of immunoglobulin-linked glycans, and especially their terminal sialic acid residues, provide a key effect on the effector functions of immunoglobulins. Possibly, sialylation of Fc glycan is a common mechanism of IgG anti-inflammatory action in vivo. Thus, the post-translational modification (glycosylation) of immunoglobulins opens up significant possibilities in the diagnosis of both immunological and inflammatory disorders and in their therapies. This review is focused on the analysis of glycosylation of immunoglobulins, which can be a promising addition to improve existing strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of various immuno-inflammatory diseases.
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Myara, I., G. Quenum, M. Storogenko, D. Tenenhaus, R. Guillemain, and N. Moatti. "Monoclonal and oligoclonal gammopathies in heart-transplant recipients." Clinical Chemistry 37, no. 8 (August 1, 1991): 1334–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/37.8.1334.
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Abstract Immunoglobulin abnormalities in serum from 76 heart-transplant recipients were examined by cellulose acetate and agarose gel electrophoresis. Monoclonal components were typed by immunofixation. IgG, IgA, and IgM and total kappa and lambda light chains were quantified by immunonephelometry. We confirm that both monoclonal and oligoclonal immunoglobulin banding are common in serum from these patients. Of the 149 serum samples examined, 21 (15%) had one monoclonal component and 53 (35%) had two or more. These monoclonal immunoglobulins were generally present at a low concentration and were transient. The class of immunoglobulins most commonly involved was IgG (about sevenfold more numerous than IgM); monoclonal IgA components and free light chains were not detected. The nephelometric kappa/lambda and heavy chain/light chain ratios were poor indicators of these abnormalities. Immunoglobulin abnormalities were not correlated with the sex and age of recipients, the pre-existing cardiopathy, the time since transplantation, or plasma concentrations of cyclosporine, but did correlate with plasma immunoglobulin concentration, biopsy findings, and viral infections, especially cytomegalovirus (CMV). A monoclonal IgG purified from a patient with a high titer of anti-CMV antibodies did not react with CMV antigens. The origin of these immunoglobulin abnormalities is unclear. Our data suggest that the presence of monoclonal or oligoclonal banding in heart-transplant recipients is of limited prognostic significance.
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Ahmann, Johanna, Julia Steinhoff-Wagner, and Wolfgang Büscher. "Determining Immunoglobulin Content of Bovine Colostrum and Factors Affecting the Outcome: A Review." Animals 11, no. 12 (December 18, 2021): 3587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11123587.
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The immunoglobulin concentration in bovine colostrum should be measured to ensure feeding with sufficient immunoglobulins (≥50 mg immunoglobulin G mL−1). Adequate feeding prevents diseases, promotes development, and has a positive influence on the adult animal. Indirect and direct measurement methods are available for this purpose. Direct measurement methods cannot be easily used in practice; therefore, farmers use indirect methods such as a colostrometer and a refractometer. Many factors influence the immunoglobulin concentration of colostrum; some of them have already been intensively researched. In particular, lactation and temporal aspects play an essential role. Newer aspects such as dry period, seasonal influences, and genetics are gaining importance, but their impact on immunoglobulin content has not been sufficiently investigated. Developments are still needed, especially in data management. This review analyzes the outcome of different studies on the indirect and direct measurement methods and discusses different factors influencing the immunoglobulin concentration of bovine colostrum.
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Sedlinská, M., J. Krejčí, M. Vyskočil, and H. Kudláčková. "Postnatal Development of Blood Serum Concentrations of Immunoglobulin IgG, IgA and IgM Isotypes in Suckling Foal." Acta Veterinaria Brno 75, no. 2 (2006): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb200675020175.
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Postnatal changes in concentrations of immunoglobulin IgG, IgM and IgA isotypes from birth until the age of five months were monitored by the ELISA method. The experiment was performed in a group of 52 thoroughbred foals and their mothers. Among the investigated animals, failure of colostral immunity transfer was recorded in only four foals (7.7 percent). The concentrations of immunoglobulin IgG and IgA isotypes primarily decreased during the first weeks of life and then gradually increased until the end of the investigated period. The concentrations of immunoglobulin IgG isotype reached the values of adult animals by the end of the investigated period. However, immunoglobulin IgA isotype did not reach those values during the entire investigated period. The concentrations of immunoglobulin IgM isotype were quite rapidly increasing from the birth on. The beginning of active antibody formation was inversely proportional to the level of colostral immunoglobulins.
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Goode, N. P., A. M. Davison, G. Gowland, and M. Shires. "Spontaneous glomerular immunoglobulin deposition in young Sprague-Dawley rats." Laboratory Animals 22, no. 4 (October 1, 1988): 287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002367788780746232.
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The frequency, age-onset and distribution of spontaneously deposited immunoglobulins (lgs) in glomeruli of Sprague-Dawley rats has been investigated. Groups of rats ( n=10) were examined at 4-7 day intervals from birth (presuckling) until 30 days of age. Findings were compared with circulating immunoglobulin concentrations in each age group. Immunoglobulins were undetectable in immature kidneys of newborn rats. However, as early as 5 days, scanty IgA and IgM deposits were observed predominantly in mesangial areas of mature glomeruli, corresponding to low circulating concentrations of these immunoglobulins. By contrast, glomerular IgG deposits were not observed until 21 days, despite relatively high concentrations of circulating maternal IgG from birth. Mesangial deposition of immunoglobulins increased with age. Absence of complement C3c or electron dense deposits associated with this mesangial localization suggests that immunoglobulins were not deposited as immune complexes. Accumulation of non-phlogogenic immunoglobulins in the mesangium of normal rats supports the concept that the mesangium is constantly perfused by circulating macro-molecules and filtration residues. The results indicate problems of interpretation of the significance of endogenous immunoglobulin deposition in models of experimental glomerulonephritis, even in studies involving weanling rats.
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Mishalova, Е. Yu, E. V. Gordeev, V. N. Lebedev, S. A. Melnikov, S. A. Nimirskaya, and S. V. Borisevich. "Experimental Testing of a Size-Exclusion Chromatography Method Used for Evaluation of Molecular Parameters of Equine Anti-Ebola Immunoglobulin." BIOpreparations. Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment 19, no. 4 (December 11, 2019): 261–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.30895/2221-996x-2019-19-4-261-267.
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Haemorrhagic fever caused by the Ebola virus is a highly hazardous infectious disease with a mortality rate of 50– 90 %. Heterologous immunoglobulins with a high virus-neutralizing titer are an important element of the WHO-endorsed set of measures for emergency prevention and treatment of the disease. Specific activity of these products is largely determined by their fractional composition, and, in particular, by molecular mass distribution (MMD). The size-exclusion-high-performance liquid chromatography (SEC-HPLC) has traditionally been used for determination of the MMD of the target protein in human immunoglobulin-based products. The use of this method for evaluation of molecular parameters of heterologous immunoglobulin requires confirmation of its specificity, accuracy and precision, and establishment of the chromatographic system suitability criteria in the context of a new test object.The aim of the study was to test the applicability of the SEC-HPLC method to the assessment of molecular parameters of anti-Ebola immunoglobulin derived from horse serum.Materials and methods: three batches of purified equine anti-Ebola immunoglobulin were used in the study. Normal equine and human immunoglobulins of the IgG isotype were used as reference standards. The HPLC test procedures described in the European Pharmacopoeia 9.6 and State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation, 14th ed., were used for determination of monomers and other immunoglobulin fractions. An Agilent 1260 Infinity (Agilent, USA) HPLC system with a diode array detector and an Agilent Bio SEC-3 HPLC column were used for quality evaluation of the tested products.Results: the resolution factor between IgG monomer and dimer peaks (1.69 and 2.10), and the chromatographic column efficiency (>2000) make it possible to use the SEC-HPLC system for evaluation of molecular parameters of heterologous immunoglobulin. The study demonstrated reproducibility of the test procedure.Conclusions: the study confirmed the applicability of the SEC-HPLC procedure for evaluation of molecular parameters of anti-Ebola immunoglobulin derived from horse serum. It demonstrated the compliance of the purified immunoglobulin to the national and international quality requirements in terms of «Molecular parameters».
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Generalov, S. V., E. G. Abramova, Zh V. Matveeva, I. M. Zhulidov, O. A. Lobovikova, R. A. Svintsov, A. V. Komissarov, M. N. Kireev, and A. K. Nikiforov. "Cultural Antigen in the Technology for Anti-Rabies Immunoglobulin Obtainment from Equine Blood Serum." Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections, no. 4(114) (August 20, 2012): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2012-4-65-68.
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week after immunization (specific activity is identified using neutralization reaction on the model of white mice and dot-blot immunoassay). This level of activity is sufficient for the fractioning of immune serum and extraction of anti-rabies immunoglobulin. Physicochemical and biological properties of the anti-rabies immunoglobulin, obtained with the help of cultural antigen technique, meet the requirements stated in the normative documentation on anti-rabies immunoglobulins extracted from equine blood serum. Specific activity level of experimental batches of anti-rabies immunoglobulin, obtained with the help of cultural technologies, corresponds to 242 and 214 IU/ml.
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Conti, Francesca, Mattia Moratti, Lucia Leonardi, Arianna Catelli, Elisa Bortolamedi, Emanuele Filice, Anna Fetta, et al. "Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Effect of High-Dose Immunoglobulins in Children: From Approved Indications to Off-Label Use." Cells 12, no. 19 (October 7, 2023): 2417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells12192417.
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Background: The large-scale utilization of immunoglobulins in patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) since 1952 prompted the discovery of their key role at high doses as immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory therapy, in the treatment of IEI-related immune dysregulation disorders, according to labelled and off-label indications. Recent years have been dominated by a progressive imbalance between the gradual but constant increase in the use of immunoglobulins and their availability, exacerbated by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Objectives: To provide pragmatic indications for a need-based application of high-dose immunoglobulins in the pediatric context. Sources: A literature search was performed using PubMed, from inception until 1st August 2023, including the following keywords: anti-inflammatory; children; high dose gammaglobulin; high dose immunoglobulin; immune dysregulation; immunomodulation; immunomodulatory; inflammation; intravenous gammaglobulin; intravenous immunoglobulin; off-label; pediatric; subcutaneous gammaglobulin; subcutaneous immunoglobulin. All article types were considered. Implications: In the light of the current imbalance between gammaglobulins’ demand and availability, this review advocates the urgency of a more conscious utilization of this medical product, giving indications about benefits, risks, cost-effectiveness, and administration routes of high-dose immunoglobulins in children with hematologic, neurologic, and inflammatory immune dysregulation disorders, prompting further research towards a responsible employment of gammaglobulins and improving the therapeutical decisional process.
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Jonic, Branko, and Milorad Mirilovic. "Contribution to knowledge of colostral immunoglobulin absorption in intensively bred calves." Veterinarski glasnik 61, no. 5-6 (2007): 291–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vetgl0706291j.
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A whole series of factors affect the degree of absorption of colostral immunolobulins. One of the most important factors is the time of feeding of newborn calves with colostrums in the first hours following birth. The objective of these investigations was to determine the effect of immunoglobulin concentration in colostrum on the process of immunoglobulin absorption during the first day of life of calves. A farm of Holstein-Friesian cows was selected for these investigations. The examinations covered 35 cows. For the examination of total immunoglobulin concentration, colostrum was taken two hours after calving. The immunoglobulin concentration was determined using the method of paper electrophoresis and RID-partigen immunodiffusion plates (INEP, Zemun). The amount of immunoglobulin in blood serum of calves was determined using the method of the zinc sulphate turbidity test (ZST). The average concentration of immunoglobulin in colostrum two hours after calving was 65.95?15.80 g/l. The biggest reached average concentration of immunoglobulin in blood serum of calves was determined following the absorption of immunoglobulin during the first day, and it amounted to 27.18?10.2 g/l, which presents 1.91? 0.72 g/kg of the body mass of calves. The straight-line linear equation is _ =0.595+0.25xi. The correlation coefficient between taken and resorbed immunoglobulins amounts to r=0.80. It can be concluded on the grounds of the obtained results that the amount of immunoglobulin in colostrum in the first drinking is of primary importance for the health status of the calves and that resorption is increased by 0.25 grams with every gram of immunoglobulin taken with colostrum.
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Di Mario, U., L. Crisa, E. Anastasi, G. Contreas, D. Andreani, M. P. Raponi, E. Napoleone, A. Candela, M. Vela, and L. Campea. "Anti-goat immunoglobulin antibodies in diabetic children at diagnosis and follow-up: comparison with islet cell antibodies and other autoantibodies." Acta Endocrinologica 120, no. 3 (March 1989): 326–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1200326.
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Abstract. The presence of antibodies reacting with human as well as animal immunoglobulins in sera from recent onset Type I diabetic patients has been recently demonstrated by some of our group. In the present study, the occurrence of these antibodies has been evaluated in sera from 19 Type I diabetic patients, at diagnosis and at follow-up within three years, and from 26 normal subjects, and has also been compared with the presence of islet cell antibodies and other organ-specific autoantibodies. A solid-phase radioimmunoassay has been used: serum was incubated in goat immunoglobulin-coated wells and the binding of 125-I-anti-human immunoglobulin antibodies was evaluated. Anti-goat immunoglobulin antibodies were above the 90th percentile of normal values in all diabetic patients at diagnosis (median, interquartile range, in μg 125I-antibody bound/1 serum: 83, 77.5–88, versus 51.5, 44.5–62 in normal subjects, P < 0.001) and significantly declined with time after diagnosis (P < 0.001). Islet cell antibodies were present in 79% of patients at diagnosis, whereas at least one other auto-antibody was found in 21% of patients. In the follow-up study the decline in anti-goat immunoglobulin antibody levels was different from that of islet cell antibody positivity. A circulating immunoglobulin reacting with other immunoglobulins is thus present in the early stages of Type I diabetes and may well play a part in the complex immunopathogenetic interactions.
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Rodina, Y. A., I. N. Abramova, and A. Yu Shcherbina. "Subcutaneous immunoglobulin for treatment of patients with primary immunodeficiencies: review of the literature and personal experience." Russian Journal of Allergy 15, no. 2 (December 15, 2018): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.36691/rja160.
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Substitution with normal human immunoglobulin is a golden standard of primary immunodeficiencies therapy. Subcutaneous immunoglobulins, especially delivered via «rpid push» method are gaining popularity among patients and treating physician since at home infusions allow to reduce treatment costs and increase patients’ quality of life. Here we report first Russian experience of subcutaneous infusion of Gamunex®-C immunoglobulin, in four patients with primary immunodeficiencies, performed by their parents via «rapid push» method at home. No systemic reactions have been reported, Gamunex®-C treatment prevented severe infections and allowed adequate average serum IgG levels (10,1 g/l while on subcutaneous infusions in comparison with 8,5 g/l while on intravenous immunoglobulin).
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Wang, Dongying. "Bioinformatics Analysis of Immunoglobulin ε (IgE) Heavy Chain." International Journal of Biology and Life Sciences 5, no. 1 (February 22, 2024): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/9yvrbm43.
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Immunoglobulin ε is a key immunoglobulin that plays an important role in the immune system. IgE is usually associated with allergic reactions such as food allergies, allergic rhinitis, and allergic dermatitis. In this project, this article Use NCBI or https://www.uniprot.org/ Website to obtain immunoglobulins ε Heavy chain related nucleotide sequences. Using relevant websites and software to analyze and predict immunoglobulins using bioinformatics methods ε Bioinformatics analysis of heavy chains includes physical and chemical properties, structural functions, positional expression, phylogenetic relationships, protein interactions, etc. Understanding the bioinformatics analysis of IgE can help reveal its function in the immune system and its relationship with allergies and other diseases, promote the improvement of diagnosis and treatment methods for allergic diseases, and advance in the field of immunotherapy.
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Immler, Manuela, Kathrin Büttner, Tanja Gärtner, Axel Wehrend, and Karsten Donat. "Maternal Impact on Serum Immunoglobulin and Total Protein Concentration in Dairy Calves." Animals 12, no. 6 (March 17, 2022): 755. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12060755.
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For dairy calves, sufficient supply with high-quality maternal colostrum is crucial to achieve adequate passive transfer of immunoglobulins. This observational cross-sectional study aimed to determine the influence of the prepartum metabolic status of dams on the serum immunoglobulin and total protein concentrations of their dairy calves, taking other relevant management factors into account. A total of 551 cows and their calves from 124 German dairy farms were included. Blood and urine samples of the cows were sampled 1 to 3 weeks before the expected calving date. Two generalized linear mixed effects regression models were fitted to the data. An increase in a dam’s prepartum serum non-esterified fatty acids concentration was associated with greater serum immunoglobulin concentration in her calf. Calves of herds with established birth monitoring at night showed greater serum immunoglobulin and total protein concentrations. Calves being fed more than 2 L of colostrum and higher Brix values for colostrum were related to greater serum immunoglobulin and total protein concentrations in calves. In conclusion, there is evidence that, besides timely and sufficient supply of high-quality colostrum to new-born calves, the prepartum metabolic status of cows and birth monitoring impact the passive transfer of immunoglobulins.
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Dimitroglou, Margarita, Rozeta Sokou, Nicoletta Iacovidou, Abraham Pouliakis, Georgios Kafalidis, Theodora Boutsikou, and Zoi Iliodromiti. "Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Immunoglobulins in Human Milk after Coronavirus Disease or Vaccination—Time Frame and Duration of Detection in Human Milk and Factors That Affect Their Titers: A Systematic Review." Nutrients 15, no. 8 (April 14, 2023): 1905. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15081905.
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Human milk (HM) of mothers infected with or vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 contains specific immunoglobulins, which may protect their offspring against infection or severe disease. The time frame and duration after infection or vaccination, during which these immunoglobulins are detected in HM, as well as the major factors that influence their levels, have not been fully elucidated. This systematic review aimed to collect the existing literature and describe the immune response, specifically regarding the immunoglobulins in HM after COVID-19 disease or vaccination in non-immune women. We conducted a systematic search of PubMed and Scopus databases to identify studies published up until 19 March 2023. In total, 975 articles were screened, and out of which 75 were identified as being relevant and were finally included in this review. Infection by SARS-CoV-2 virus primarily induces an IgA immune response in HM, while vaccination predominantly elevates IgG levels. These immunoglobulins give HM a neutralizing capacity against SARS-CoV-2, highlighting the importance of breastfeeding during the pandemic. The mode of immune acquisition (infection or vaccination) and immunoglobulin levels in maternal serum are factors that seem to influence immunoglobulin levels in HM. Further studies are required to determine the impact of other factors, such as infection severity, lactation period, parity, maternal age and BMI on immunoglobulin level in HM.
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Kosolapova, Irina V., Evgenij V. Dorohov, and Roman V. Lesnikov. "Dynamic assessment of the enzyme immunoassay composition of the oral fluid in children with physiological occlusion and anomalies of the dentition." Kazan medical journal 103, no. 1 (February 7, 2022): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj2022-63.
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Background. Understanding the dynamics of changes in the immunoenzyme composition of the oral fluid at various stages of treatment will allow the doctor to correctly draw up a treatment plan, predict its timing, and prevent the development of complications.
Aim. Dynamic assessment of the enzyme immunoassay composition of the oral fluid in children with physiological occlusion and anomalies of the dentoalveolar system.
Material and methods. The study groups consisted of 125 children aged 612 years with anomalies of the dentoalveolar system receiving treatment with plate and mouth guard orthodontic appliances, and 42 children with physiological occlusion of the dentition. Quantitative determination of total immunoglobulins G, A, M and secretory immunoglobulin A of the oral fluid was carried out before the start of treatment, after 3 and 6 months. Statistical analysis was carried out using IBM SPSS Statistics 20, StatTech v. 1.2.0. ShapiroWilk, KolmogorovSmirnov, KruskalWallis, Dunn with Holm correction, Friedman, Wilcoxon with Holm correction were used.
Results. In patients with anomalies of the dentoalveolar system, a pronounced increase in the content of secretory immunoglobulin A, total immunoglobulin A in the oral fluid during treatment with a kappa apparatus and a pronounced increase in the content of total immunoglobulin M during therapy with a plate apparatus were found. In children with physiological occlusion, there is a dynamic decrease in the content of secretory immunoglobulin A 6 months after the start of observation. These changes indicate the development of a protective mechanism of a specific immune response of the oral cavity when using orthodontic appliances.
Conclusion. As a result of a dynamic assessment of the enzyme immunoassay composition of the oral fluid in children with physiological occlusion, there was a decrease in the content of secretory immunoglobulin A; in children with anomalies of the dentition, a change in the content of secretory immunoglobulin A, total immunoglobulins A and M was found.
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Yéléhé-Okouma, Mélissa, Catherine Malaplate, Nadine Petitpain, Mélanie Metallo, François Ziegler, Marc Klein, Bruno Guerci, and Eva Feigerlová. "IMMUNOGLOBULIN PREPARATIONS CAN MISLEAD CLINICAL DECISION-MAKING IN FOLLOW-UP OF DIFFERENTIATED THYROID CANCER." Endocrine Practice 26, no. 9 (September 2020): 1031–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4158/ep-2020-0053.
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Objective: Intravenous and subcutaneous immunoglobulins are commonly used for immune substitution or as immune modulators in a variety of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Exogenous thyroid-specific thyroglobulin (Tg) antibodies present in the donor plasma may interfere with the interpretation of measurements of Tg autoantibodies (Tg-Abs) in the recipient’s plasma and potentially trigger an immune response in the recipient’s immune cells. Levels of antibodies causing bioassay interferences or those leading to clinically relevant changes in patient outcomes are not known. Tg is used as a biomarker in the long-term surveillance of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) following total thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine ablation. However, the presence of Tg-Abs in the circulation interferes with Tg measurements. Assessment of levels of Tg-Abs is thus recommended as a part of standard follow-up of DTC together with Tg testing. Methods: To understand the potential mechanisms and pathophysiologic significance of possible interferences associated with administration immunoglobulin preparations and Tg measurement, we overview the current knowledge on interactions between Tg autoimmunity and immunoglobulin preparations and illustrate diagnostic challenges and perspectives for follow-up of patients with DTC treated with exogenous immunoglobulins. Results: In patients with DTC treated with immunoglobulin preparations, monitoring of thyroid cancer using Tg and Tg-Abs is challenging due to possible analytical interferences through passive transfer of exogenous antibodies from immunoglobulin preparations. Conclusion: Analytical interferences must be suspected when a discrepancy exists between clinical examination and diagnostic tests. Collaboration between endocrinologists, biologists, and pharmacologists is fundamental to avoid misdiagnosis and unnecessary medical or radiologic procedures. Abbreviations: CT = computed tomography; DTC = differentiated thyroid cancer; FNAB = fine-needle aspiration biopsy; HAb = heterophile antibody; IMA = immunometric assay; IVIg = intravenous immunoglobulin; RAI = radioactive iodine; RIA = radioimmunoassay; SCIg = subcutaneous immunoglobulin; Tg = thyroglobulin; Tg-Ab = thyroglobulin autoantibody; Tg-MS = thyroglobulin mass spectrometry; TPO-Ab = thyroid peroxidase autoantibody; TSHR-Ab = thyrotropin receptor autoantibody
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Chitose, S., T. Sakazaki, T. Ono, T. Kurita, H. Mihashi, and T. Nakashima. "Immunological responses against human papilloma virus and human papilloma virus induced laryngeal cancer." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 124, no. 6 (April 7, 2010): 659–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215110000617.
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AbstractObjective:This study aimed to clarify the local immune status in the larynx in the presence of infection or carcinogenesis associated with human papilloma virus.Methods:Cytological samples (for human papilloma virus detection) and laryngeal secretions (for immunoglobulin assessment) were obtained from 31 patients with laryngeal disease, during microscopic laryngeal surgery. On histological examination, 12 patients had squamous cell carcinoma, four had laryngeal papilloma and 15 had other benign laryngeal disease. Cytological samples were tested for human papilloma virus DNA using the Hybrid Capture 2 assay.Results:High risk human papilloma virus DNA was detected in 25 per cent of patients (three of 12) with laryngeal cancer. Low risk human papilloma virus DNA was detected only in three laryngeal papilloma patients. The mean laryngeal secretion concentrations of immunoglobulins M, G and A and secretory immunoglobulin A in human papilloma virus DNA positive patients were more than twice those in human papilloma virus DNA negative patients. A statistically significant difference was observed between the secretory immunoglobulin A concentrations in the two groups. Patients with laryngeal cancer had higher laryngeal secretion concentrations of each immunoglobulin type, compared with patients with benign laryngeal disease. The study assessed the mean laryngeal secretion concentrations of each immunoglobulin type in the 12 laryngeal cancer patients, comparing human papilloma virus DNA positive patients (n = 3) and human papilloma virus DNA negative patients (n = 9); the mean concentrations of immunoglobulins M, G and A and secretory immunoglobulin A tended to be greater in human papilloma virus DNA positive cancer patients, compared with human papilloma virus DNA negative cancer patients.Conclusion:These results suggest that the local laryngeal immune response is activated by infection or carcinogenesis due to human papilloma virus. The findings strongly suggest that secretory IgA has inhibitory activity against infection or carcinogenesis associated with human papilloma virus in the larynx.
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White, Arthur G., Hamad A. Al Riyami, Padma Kuchipudi, and Abdallah S. Daar. "Immunoglobulins, Immunoglobulin G Subclasses and Complement in Adult Omanis." Annals of Saudi Medicine 17, no. 1 (January 1997): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.1997.39.
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Öner, Ahment Faik, Hüseyin Çaksen, Avni Çelik, Yasar Cesur, Abdurrahman Üner, and Sükrü Arslan. "Serum immunoglobulins and immunoglobulin G subclasses with recurrent wheezing." Indian Journal of Pediatrics 67, no. 12 (December 2000): 861–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02723943.
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Lü, F. Xusheng, Zhongmin Ma, Tracy Rourke, Seema Srinivasan, Michael McChesney, and Christopher J. Miller. "Immunoglobulin Concentrations and Antigen-Specific Antibody Levels in Cervicovaginal Lavages of Rhesus Macaques Are Influenced by the Stage of the Menstrual Cycle." Infection and Immunity 67, no. 12 (December 1, 1999): 6321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.67.12.6321-6328.1999.
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ABSTRACT The levels of antigen-specific antibodies (Abs) and immunoglobulins in the cervical mucus of women vary with the menstrual cycle; the highest levels occur during menses, and the lowest occur during the periovulatory period. The rhesus macaque is a widely used animal model of female genital tract immunity. We sought to determine whether rhesus macaques have a cyclical pattern of changing cervicovaginal Ab and immunoglobulin levels that is similar to that of the human female. This study examined the relationship of the stages of the menstrual cycle to genital mucosal and systemic immunoglobulin concentrations and Ab levels in rhesus macaques. In all seven rhesus macaques studied, the immunoglobulins G and A and some antibodies in cervicovaginal lavages varied with the stages of the menstrual cycle, and in many cases this variation reached the level of statistical significance. In a pattern similar to that of women, the highest levels of Abs and immunoglobulins occurred during menses, and the lowest levels occurred around the time of ovulation. However, the Ab and immunoglobulin levels in serum and rectal lavages did not change with the menstrual cycle stage. The results of this study are consistent with the hypothesis that the ovarian hormones that drive the menstrual cycle influence genital tract immunity in female primates.
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Peng, Xu, Xiao-Bi Xie, Hong Tan, Dan Zhang, Bo-Tao Jiang, Jie Liu, Shuang Li, Ya-Rui Chen, and Tao-Yang Xie. "Effects of Plasma Exchange Combined with Immunoglobulin Therapy on Consciousness, Immune Function, and Prognosis in Patients with Myasthenia Gravis Crisis: A Prospective Randomized Test." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2022 (June 30, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7796833.
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Background. Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an acquired autoimmune disease. The main clinical features of MG are skeletal muscle fatigue and pathological fatigue, which worsen at night or after fatigue, such as dyspnea, dysphagia, and systemic weakness. Plasma exchange (PE) is often used in patients with acute exacerbation of MG. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is a collection of immunoglobulins from thousands of donors. IVIG can replace a variety of immunosuppressants or PE. However, the effect of PE or IVIG on patients’ consciousness, immune function, and prognosis is not clear. Objective. A prospective randomized test of the effects of PE combined with immunoglobulin on consciousness, immune function, and prognosis in patients with myasthenia gravis crisis (MGC). Methods. Sixty patients with MGC treated from February 2019 to April 2021 were enrolled in our hospital. The cases who received PE were set as the PE group, and those who received PE combined with immunoglobulin were set as the PE+immunoglobulin group. The efficacy, clinical score, state of consciousness, immune function, acetylcholine receptor antibody (AChR-Ab), lymphocyte (LYM), albumin (ALB) levels, and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared. Results. The improvement rate was 100.005% in the treatment group and 83.33% in the PE group. After treatment, the clinical score of the PE+immunoglobulin group was lower than that of the PE group, and the clinical relative score of the PE+immunoglobulin group was higher than that of the PE group ( P < 0.05 ). The number of conscious people in the PE+immunoglobulin group was more than that in the PE group ( P < 0.05 ). Immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin M, immunoglobulin G, and immunoglobulin G in the PE+immunoglobulin group were higher than those in the PE group ( P < 0.05 ). The levels of AChR-Ab and ALB in the PE+immunoglobulin group were higher than those in the PE group, while the level of LYM in the PE+immunoglobulin group was lower than that in the PE group. The incidence of skin system, gastrointestinal system, nervous system, and systemic damage in the PE+immunoglobulin group was lower than that in the PE group ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. The treatment of MGC with PE combined with immunoglobulin can not only effectively enhance the consciousness and immune function of patients but also effectively promote the prognosis, and the safety of treatment can be guaranteed.
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Liyanage, K. L. D. Tharaka D., Paola K. Vaz, Abdul Jabbar, and Jasmin Hufschmid. "Towards a pan marsupial sero-immunological tool in the demanding field of wildlife serology: Marsupial immunoglobulin-binding capability with protein A/G, protein L and anti-kangaroo antibody." PLOS ONE 18, no. 12 (December 14, 2023): e0295820. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0295820.
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Detection of infections in wildlife species is increasingly important to reduce the risk of spreading zoonotic and economically important parasites, understand disease epidemiology and promote the conservation of wildlife species. Serological tests are key in disease diagnosis and surveillance by detecting immunoglobulins against infectious agents. However, the need for species-specific reagents has limited the application of serological tests in wildlife species. This study evaluated the serum immunoglobulin-binding capability of polyclonal anti-kangaroo antibody and two non-species-specific reagents, including protein A/G and protein L, with the largest range of Australian marsupial species so far, including 32 species representing three major marsupial orders. Immunoglobulin-binding capability was assessed using immunoblotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot techniques. Variation in immunoglobulin-binding capability was observed between the three reagents and across the species tested, both across but also within taxonomic groups. Taxonomic distance was thus not always a good predictor of immunoglobulin-binding affinity, emphasizing the need to validate these reagents for each species separately. However, all three reagents bound with the serum immunoglobulins of most marsupial species tested. The findings of this study provide a valuable reference for species differences in affinity to protein A/G, protein L and anti-kangaroo antibody, assisting in the selection of appropriate reagents and the development of sero-immunological assays in Australian marsupials.
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Kovács, Ferenc, Marina Varga, Szilárd Szabó, and Katalin Bertók. "Isolated aspartate aminotransferase elevation in a young, healthy person. Case report." Orvosi Hetilap 155, no. 39 (September 2014): 1558–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2014.29997.
Full textAbstract:
The authors present diagnostic methods used in a young healthy person who had isolated aspartate aminotransferase elevation. Polyethylene glycol precipitation test, aspartate aminotransferase serum electrophoresis and immunofixation were performed for measuring the macro-aspartate aminotransferase. It was found that aspartate aminotransferase activity in the patient was almost completely eliminated after precipitation of immunoglobulins with polyethylene glycol. In addtion, aspartate aminotransferase migrated in the control samples to the anode while in the patient towards the cathode. Finally, a wider and more intense staining band was visible in the region of immunoglobulin A in the patient sample on the immunofixation gel as compared to the control sample. The authors conclude that that increased aspartate aminotransferase activity was due to macro formation. The elevated level of immunoglobulin A and selective increase of polyclonal immunoglobulin A (κ and λ light chains) indicated that the macro format was created by immunoglobulin A bound to aspartate aminotransferase. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(39), 1558–1562.
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Geelhaar, Anika, Verena Moos, Katina Schinnerling, Kristina Allers, Christoph Loddenkemper, Florence Fenollar, Bernard LaScola, Didier Raoult, and Thomas Schneider. "Specific and Nonspecific B-Cell Function in the Small Intestines of Patients with Whipple's Disease." Infection and Immunity 78, no. 11 (August 9, 2010): 4589–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00705-10.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Whipple's disease is a chronic multisystemic infection caused by Tropheryma whipplei that is characterized by arthritis, weight loss, and diarrhea. The immunological defects in the duodenal mucosa, the site of major replication of the agent underlying the pathogenesis of Whipple's disease, are poorly understood. Mucosal immunoglobulins are essential for the defense against intestinal pathogens; therefore, we analyzed the B-cell response in duodenal specimens and sera of Whipple's disease patients. Whereas systemic immunoglobulin production was affected only marginally, duodenal biopsy specimens of Whipple's disease patients contained reduced numbers of immunoglobulin-positive plasma cells and secreted less immunoglobulin compared to healthy controls but showed a weak secretory IgA response toward T. whipplei. This T. whipplei-specific intestinal immune response was not observed in controls. Thus, we were able to demonstrate that general mucosal immunoglobulin production in Whipple's disease patients is impaired. However, this deficiency does not completely abolish T. whipplei-specific secretory IgA production that nonetheless does not protect from chronic infection.