Academic literature on the topic 'Immunization of children – South Africa – Hammanskraal'
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Journal articles on the topic "Immunization of children – South Africa – Hammanskraal"
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Alaba, Olufunke A., Charles Hongoro, Aquina Thulare, and Akim Tafadzwa Lukwa. "Leaving No Child Behind: Decomposing Socioeconomic Inequalities in Child Health for India and South Africa." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 13 (July 2, 2021): 7114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18137114.
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Background: The United Nations’ 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development argues for the combating of health inequalities within and among countries, advocating for “leaving no one behind”. However, child mortality in developing countries is still high and mainly driven by lack of immunization, food insecurity and nutritional deficiency. The confounding problem is the existence of socioeconomic inequalities among the richest and poorest. Thus, comparing South Africa’s and India’s Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) of 2015/16, this study examines socioeconomic inequalities in under-five children’s health and its associated factors using three child health indications: full immunization coverage, food insecurity and malnutrition. Methods: Erreygers Normalized concentration indices were computed to show how immunization coverage, food insecurity and malnutrition in children varied across socioeconomic groups (household wealth). Concentration curves were plotted to show the cumulative share of immunization coverage, food insecurity and malnutrition against the cumulative share of children ranked from poorest to richest. Subsequent decomposition analysis identified vital factors underpinning the observed socioeconomic inequalities. Results: The results confirm a strong socioeconomic gradient in food security and malnutrition in India and South Africa. However, while full childhood immunization in South Africa was pro-poor (−0.0236), in India, it was pro-rich (0.1640). Decomposed results reported socioeconomic status, residence, mother’s education, and mother’s age as primary drivers of health inequalities in full immunization, food security and nutrition among children in both countries. Conclusions: The main drivers of the socioeconomic inequalities in both countries across the child health outcomes (full immunization, food insecurity and malnutrition) are socioeconomic status, residence, mother’s education, and mother’s age. In conclusion, if socioeconomic inequalities in children’s health especially food insecurity and malnutrition in South Africa; food insecurity, malnutrition and immunization in India are not addressed then definitely “some under-five children will be left behind”.
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Chandrakantan, A. J. V. "PROCLAIMING THE CRUCIFIED CHRIST IN A BROKEN WORLD: An Asian Perspective." Mission Studies 17, no. 1 (2000): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338300x00082.
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AbstractThis article originally delivered as a keynote address at the IAMS Tenth International Conference in Hammanskraal, South Africa, is a passionate call to attend to the atrocities being committed against Tamils in the "broken world" of contemporary Sri Lanka. As the author puts it: "Disbelief and forgetfulness are the weapons of those who are opposed to humanity therefore to God. Forgetfulness is the antidote to truth and truthfulness of memory. Looking at this indescribable suffering of the innocent I have often felt that we all live in a world that has become unresponsive to the cries of the poor and under privileged. Such an attitude calls for solidarity among the victims and the oppressed. We also live in a world where a common agenda seems to unite all those who have chosen to be the enemies of humanity. It is our duty to fight this mute silence of the world with the power of the WORD. We should allow the word of Truth about the poor and innocent about voiceless women, men and children, to seek refuge and self-exile. Let us speak this word to the powers that be. All that we carry with us now is the memory of our life and that of the death of our fellow Tamils."
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Ewang, Bestina Forkwa, Mathias Esum Eyong, Samuel Nambile Cumber, Claude Ngwayu Nkfusai, Brenda Mbouamba Yankam, Cho Sabastine Anye, Jacintha Rebang Achu, et al. "Vaccination Coverage Under the Expanded Program on Immunization in South West Cameroon." International Journal of Maternal and Child Health and AIDS (IJMA) 9, no. 2 (July 9, 2020): 242–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21106/ijma.308.
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Background: Inadequate vaccination coverage with increased risk of vaccine preventable disease outbreaks remain a problem in Africa. The aim of this study was to assess the vaccination coverage levels under the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) in a health area and to identify factors that affect vaccination coverage in view of providing valuable data for disease prevention.
Methods: A cross-sectional household survey was conducted in August 2017 in the Mbonge health area, Southwest Cameroon. Clustered sampling technique was used to select study communities and a purposive sampling design was used to select households. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to obtain information from consenting caregivers of children aged 9–23 months. Vaccination coverage was assessed by consulting the vaccination cards and parents’ recall. In households with more than one child aged 9-23months, the youngest was chosen.
Results: Overall, 300 caregivers were enrolled into the study. The average vaccination coverage for the past three years (2014-2016) was 34.0%. Two hundred and fifty-five (85%) children had vaccination cards. Amongst the children, 143 (47.7%) had taken all vaccines as recommended while 30 (10%) had not received a single dose. Factors significantly associated with incomplete vaccination status included: occupation (being a farmer) (p-value=0.011), marital status (married) (p-value=0.048), caregiver’s utilization of health facility (p-value=0.003), low levels of mothers’ utilization of antenatal care (ANC) services (p-value=0.000), and low knowledge on vaccination (p-value=0.000).
Conclusion and Global Health Implications: Adequate vaccination coverage can be attained through good sensitization and health education for primary caregivers. Targeting families living far away from vaccination centers, using appropriate communication and vaccination strategies may improve vaccination coverage in the Mbonge Health Area of South West Region, Cameroon.
Key words: • Assessment • Vaccination Coverage Expanded Program on Immunization • Mbonge Health Area • Cameroon • EPI
Copyright © 2020 Ewang et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in this journal, is properly cited.
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KA, Kyei, and Spio K. . "Primary Health Care by Vhembe women in the Limpopo province of South Africa: Knowledge and Practice." Journal of Social and Development Sciences 5, no. 2 (June 30, 2014): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jsds.v5i2.809.
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Child mortality has increased in South Africa since 1990, despite a national policy of free primary healthcare for pregnant women and children under the age of five years. A significant number of women and children die during childbirth and 40% of stillbirths happen during labour. Lack of sufficient knowledge about primary health care (PHC) is costing South Africa greatly because many of the deaths of mothers, babies and young children could be avoided. Teenagers conceal pregnancy and that adds to higher risk of death among themselves and their unborn babies. Almost a half of all new-born babies die during the first 24 hours of birth, and 75% die in their first week of life. This study looks at primary health care by women in Vhembe by identifying knowledge and skills they possess to deal with health care issues. A 3-stage sample survey was conducted covering all the municipalities in the district. About 2660 women aged between 13 and 50 years were interviewed using structured questionnaire. Applying various statistical methods including logistic and regression modelling, this study shows that majority of the respondents know about PHC and that age and education of women are important factors affecting child’s health and survival in the Vhembe district. If Limpopo wants to reduce childhood mortality, this study recommends that efforts be made to educate women, especially teenagers about primary health care, immunization, oral rehydration therapy and attendance at clinics for pre-natal medical check-ups during pregnancy.
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Motaze, Nkengafac Villyen, Ijeoma Edoka, Charles S. Wiysonge, C. Jessica E. Metcalf, and Amy K. Winter. "Rubella Vaccine Introduction in the South African Public Vaccination Schedule: Mathematical Modelling for Decision Making." Vaccines 8, no. 3 (July 13, 2020): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8030383.
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Background: age structured mathematical models have been used to evaluate the impact of rubella-containing vaccine (RCV) introduction into existing measles vaccination programs in several countries. South Africa has a well-established measles vaccination program and is considering RCV introduction. This study aimed to provide a comparison of different scenarios and their relative costs within the context of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) reduction or elimination. Methods: we used a previously published age-structured deterministic discrete time rubella transmission model. We obtained estimates of vaccine costs from the South African medicines price registry and the World Health Organization. We simulated RCV introduction and extracted estimates of rubella incidence, CRS incidence and effective reproductive number over 30 years. Results: compared to scenarios without mass campaigns, scenarios including mass campaigns resulted in more rapid elimination of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). Routine vaccination at 12 months of age coupled with vaccination of nine-year-old children was associated with the lowest RCV cost per CRS case averted for a similar percentage CRS reduction. Conclusion: At 80% RCV coverage, all vaccine introduction scenarios would achieve rubella and CRS elimination in South Africa. Any RCV introduction strategy should consider a combination of routine vaccination in the primary immunization series and additional vaccination of older children.
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Paul, Proma, Simon R. Procter, Ziyaad Dangor, Quique Bassat, Amina Abubakar, Sridhar Santhanam, Romina Libster, et al. "Quantifying long-term health and economic outcomes for survivors of group B Streptococcus invasive disease in infancy: protocol of a multi-country study in Argentina, India, Kenya, Mozambique and South Africa." Gates Open Research 4 (September 23, 2020): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.13185.1.
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Sepsis and meningitis due to invasive group B Streptococcus (iGBS) disease during early infancy is a leading cause of child mortality. Recent systematic estimates of the worldwide burden of GBS suggested that there are 319,000 cases of infant iGBS disease each year, and an estimated 147,000 stillbirths and young-infant deaths, with the highest burden occurring in Sub-Saharan Africa. The following priority data gaps were highlighted: (1) long-term outcome data after infant iGBS, including mild disability, to calculate quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) or disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and (2) economic burden for iGBS survivors and their families. Geographic data gaps were also noted with few studies from low- and middle- income countries (LMIC), where the GBS burden is estimated to be the highest. In this paper we present the protocol for a multi-country matched cohort study designed to estimate the risk of long-term neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI), socioemotional behaviors, and economic outcomes for children who survive invasive GBS disease in Argentina, India, Kenya, Mozambique, and South Africa. Children will be identified from health demographic surveillance systems, hospital records, and among participants of previous epidemiological studies. The children will be aged between 18 months to 17 years. A tablet-based custom-designed application will be used to capture data from direct assessment of the child and interviews with the main caregiver. In addition, a parallel sub-study will prospectively measure the acute costs of hospitalization due to neonatal sepsis or meningitis, irrespective of underlying etiology. In summary, these data are necessary to characterize the consequences of iGBS disease and enable the advancement of effective strategies for survivors to reach their developmental and economic potential. In particular, our study will inform the development of a full public health value proposition on maternal GBS immunization that is being coordinated by the World Health Organization.
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Paul, Proma, Simon R. Procter, Ziyaad Dangor, Quique Bassat, Amina Abubakar, Sridhar Santhanam, Romina Libster, et al. "Quantifying long-term health and economic outcomes for survivors of group B Streptococcus invasive disease in infancy: protocol of a multi-country study in Argentina, India, Kenya, Mozambique and South Africa." Gates Open Research 4 (July 19, 2021): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.13185.2.
Full textAbstract:
Sepsis and meningitis due to invasive group B Streptococcus (iGBS) disease during early infancy is a leading cause of child mortality. Recent systematic estimates of the worldwide burden of GBS suggested that there are 319,000 cases of infant iGBS disease each year, and an estimated 147,000 stillbirths and young-infant deaths, with the highest burden occurring in Sub-Saharan Africa. The following priority data gaps were highlighted: (1) long-term outcome data after infant iGBS, including mild disability, to calculate quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) or disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and (2) economic burden for iGBS survivors and their families. Geographic data gaps were also noted with few studies from low- and middle- income countries (LMIC), where the GBS burden is estimated to be the highest. In this paper we present the protocol for a multi-country matched cohort study designed to estimate the risk of long-term neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI), socioemotional behaviors, and economic outcomes for children who survive invasive GBS disease in Argentina, India, Kenya, Mozambique, and South Africa. Children will be identified from health demographic surveillance systems, hospital records, and among participants of previous epidemiological studies. The children will be aged between 18 months to 17 years. A tablet-based custom-designed application will be used to capture data from direct assessment of the child and interviews with the main caregiver. In addition, a parallel sub-study will prospectively measure the acute costs of hospitalization due to neonatal sepsis or meningitis, irrespective of underlying etiology. In summary, these data are necessary to characterize the consequences of iGBS disease and enable the advancement of effective strategies for survivors to reach their developmental and economic potential. In particular, our study will inform the development of a full public health value proposition on maternal GBS immunization that is being coordinated by the World Health Organization.
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Sufa, Diriba, and Urge Gerema. "Investigation Report of cVDPV2 Outbreak in Bokh Woreda of Dollo Zone, Somali Regional State, Ethiopia." Case Reports in Infectious Diseases 2020 (August 26, 2020): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6917313.
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Background. Poliovirus isolates detected in persons or in the environment can fall into three major categories: wild, Sabin and Sabin-like, or vaccine-derived. Detection of wild or vaccine-derived poliovirus may constitute an emergency, which can be categorized as an event that can lead to an outbreak, depending on characteristics of the isolate and the context in which it appears. The aim of the study was investigation report of cVDPV2 outbreak in Bokh woreda of Dollo Zone, Somali regional state, Ethiopia. Methods. A team of experts drawn from different organizations was deployed to Bokh woreda to make detailed field investigation from May 25 to June 17, 2019. By using standard World Health Organization polio outbreak investigation checklist, document review of surveillance, immunization, and clinical data related to the case was made. Key informant’s interview was made to health professionals, managers, parents of case, woreda and kebele leaders, religious leaders, and HEWs related to acute flaccid paralysis outbreak. Result. The notified AFP case was a 39-month-old female from Angalo kebele of Bokh woreda, Dollo Zone. On 19th May 2019, the patient developed high grade fever and was taken to Angalo Health Post on 20th May 2019. As per the examination by a health extension worker, the child had high grade fever and neck stiffness with preliminary diagnosis of meningitis for which ceftriaxone injection was prescribed. Contact sample was taken from three children on 28th May 2019 and 29th May 2019 and was sent to Addis Ababa National Polio Laboratory. All contact stool samples were found to be positive for poliovirus type 2 and referred for sequencing in National Institute of Communicable Diseases (NICD), South Africa, the Regional Polio Reference Laboratory. Conclusion and Recommendation. The clinical presentation of the cases is compatible with poliovirus infection, improving the quality and coverage of supplementary polio immunization activities through proper planning; strict supervision and follow-up can reduce the occurrence of acute flaccid paralysis.
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Dye, Christopher. "Making wider use of the world's most widely used vaccine: Bacille Calmette–Guérin revaccination reconsidered." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 10, no. 87 (October 6, 2013): 20130365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2013.0365.
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Approximately 100 million newborn children receive Bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG) annually, because vaccination is consistently protective against childhood tuberculous meningitis and miliary TB. By contrast, BCG efficacy against pulmonary TB in children and adults is highly variable, ranging from 0% to 80%, though it tends to be higher in individuals who have no detectable prior exposure to mycobacterial infections, as judged by the absence of delayed-type hypersensitivity response (a negative tuberculin skin test, TST). The duration of protection against pulmonary TB is also variable, but lasts about 10 years on average. These observations raise the possibility that BCG revaccination, following primary vaccination in infancy, could be efficacious among TST-negative adolescents as they move into adulthood, the period of highest risk for pulmonary disease. To inform continuing debate about revaccination, this paper assesses the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of revaccinating adolescents in a setting with intense transmission—Cape Town, South Africa. For a cost of revaccination in the range US$1–10 per person, and vaccine efficacy between 10% and 80% with protection for 10 years, the incremental cost per year of healthy life recovered (disability-adjusted life years, DALY) in the vaccinated population lies between US$116 and US$9237. The intervention is about twice as cost-effective when allowing for the extra benefits of preventing transmission, with costs per DALY recovered in the range US$52–$4540. At 80% efficacy, revaccination averted 17% of cases. Under the scenarios investigated, BCG revaccination is cost-effective against international benchmarks, though not highly effective. Cost-effectiveness ratios would be more favourable if we also allow for TB cases averted by preventing transmission to HIV-positive people, for the protection of HIV-negative people who later acquire HIV infection, for the possible non-specific benefits of BCG, for the fact that some adolescents would receive BCG for the first time, and for cost sharing when BCG is integrated into an adolescent immunization programme. These findings suggest, subject to further evaluation, that BCG revaccination could be cost-effective in some settings.
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Tempia, Stefano, Sibongile Walaza, Jocelyn Moyes, Adam L. Cohen, Claire von Mollendorf, Florette K. Treurnicht, Marietjie Venter, et al. "Risk Factors for Influenza-Associated Severe Acute Respiratory Illness Hospitalization in South Africa, 2012–2015." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofw262.
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Abstract Background Data on risk factors for influenza-associated hospitalizations in low- and middle-income countries are limited. Methods We conducted active syndromic surveillance for hospitalized severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) and outpatient influenza-like illness (ILI) in 2 provinces of South Africa during 2012–2015. We compared the characteristics of influenza-positive patients with SARI to those with ILI to identify factors associated with severe disease requiring hospitalization, using unconditional logistic regression. Results During the study period, influenza virus was detected in 5.9% (110 of 1861) and 15.8% (577 of 3652) of SARI and ILI cases, respectively. On multivariable analysis factors significantly associated with increased risk of influenza-associated SARI hospitalization were as follows: younger and older age (<6 months [adjusted odds ratio {aOR}, 37.6], 6–11 months [aOR, 31.9], 12–23 months [aOR, 22.1], 24–59 months [aOR, 7.1], and ≥65 years [aOR, 40.7] compared with 5–24 years of age), underlying medical conditions (aOR, 4.5), human immunodeficiency virus infection (aOR, 4.3), and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization density ≥1000 deoxyribonucleic acid copies/mL (aOR, 4.8). Underlying medical conditions in children aged <5 years included asthma (aOR, 22.7), malnutrition (aOR, 2.4), and prematurity (aOR, 4.8); in persons aged ≥5 years, conditions included asthma (aOR, 3.6), diabetes (aOR, 7.1), chronic lung diseases (aOR, 10.7), chronic heart diseases (aOR, 9.6), and obesity (aOR, 21.3). Mine workers (aOR, 13.8) and pregnant women (aOR, 12.5) were also at increased risk for influenza-associated hospitalization. Conclusions The risk groups identified in this study may benefit most from annual influenza immunization, and children <6 months of age may be protected through vaccination of their mothers during pregnancy.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Immunization of children – South Africa – Hammanskraal"
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Mogotsi, Charmaine Koketso. "Measles immunization coverage and dropout rate on children between 6 months and 14 years in the City of Tshwane, Hammanskraal." Diss., 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/27555.
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Measles is a highly contagious virus that can affect the entire population if an effective
immunisation programme is not in place. This study was aimed at determining the
measles immunisation coverage and the dropout rate among children aged between 6
months and 14 years and at assessing factors associated with caregivers’ knowledge
and perception of, and attitude towards the measles immunisation programme. Between
14 May 2018 and 31 July 2018, a descriptive, cross-sectional study design was
conducted using simple random sampling to sample 381 caregivers of children at nine
public health facilities at Tshwane Sub-district 2, Hammanskraal town. Data were
collected by means of a structured questionnaire and observational checklist, and
analysed using IBM SPSS version 23.0. Overall, the measles immunization coverage
was 95.8% (365/381) and the MCV1-MCV2 dropout rate was 4.1%. The association
between educational level and employment status (correlation coefficient=0.157**,
p=0.0002), measles knowledge (correlation coefficient=-0.244**, p=0.000),
immunization importance (correlation coefficient=-0.194**, p=0.000) and measles
vaccine schedule (correlation coefficient=-0.138**, p=0.007) were found to be significant
at p<0.05. The findings in this study revealed that caregivers’ positive attitude towards, and knowledge of measles immunisation programme resulted in high measles
immunisation coverage and low dropout rate. It is recommended that continuous
positive immunisation education about the benefits and importance be emphasized in
order to increase immunisation uptake.Health Studies
M. P. H.
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Nyathi, Emmanuel Mzwakhe. "Evaluation of immunization coverage among 0 to 24 month old children in Dzimauli Village, Vhembe District, South South." Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/294.
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Chonco, Nomfundo Prudence Hedwig. "Factors influencing the uptake of the revised expanded immunisation programme at Umlazi township, KwaZulu-Natal." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/1327.
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Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Technology in Nursing, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2015Brief background: The Expanded Programme on Immunisation (EPI) is one of the most powerful and cost-effective public health programmes to improve child survival. In South Africa the programme remained fragmented because of the system of apartheid until 1995 when the national EPI was formed through the unification of all immunisation services in the country. Since then there have been significant advances in immunisation service delivery in South Africa. Amongst the revisions that were made in 2009 was the change of the EPI schedule. Aim of the study The aim of the study was to investigate the factors that influence the uptake of the revised EPI for children between the ages of 6 to 12 years at Umlazi Township, KwaZulu-Natal in order to improve immunisation coverage. Methodology A descriptive quantitative design was used to conduct the study. A total of ten primary health care clinics were included in the study. Data was collected from child caregivers and health care workers using self-directed questionnaires. Results: It was worth noting that although the results of the study revealed that the EPI coverage for children between the ages 6 to 12 years remained low in Umlazi Township, however, the programme was well-implemented. Several factors that influenced the uptake of the immunisations were identified and these factors could be used to strengthen the EPI programme in Umlazi. Factors that had a negative influence on the uptake of immunisations were also identified and these factors could be used to develop strategies address the challenges.
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Vardas, Eftyhia. "The epidemiology and molecular characterstics of hepatitis B virus infection in children from a hyperendemic area of South Africa, including a field trial of the hepatitis B immunization programme and its impact on infection in this population." Thesis, 2014.
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Three studies were done in children from the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa,
an area highly endemic for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The objective of the first
study was to investigate the epidemiology and age of acquisition of HBV infection in a
community based, age stratified sample of children from 0-6 years of age (n=2299), to
provide a pre-immunisation baseline measure of this infection in the population
targeted for HBV immunisation in South Africa. The results suggest that there is a
significant burden of HBV infection in the population targeted for immunisation (overall,
10.4% HBsAg positivity and 15.7% positive 61-72 month age group) with a high rate
of chronic carriers in the early age groups of 0-6 (8.1%) and 7-12 (8.9%) months.
In the second study the HBV genotypes in a randomly selected group of chronically
infected individuals from the same population (n=57) was determined. The aim was to
supply information regarding the naturally circulating HBV genotypes in children from
this area similarly, to provide baseline information to enable the future detection of
escape mutants after low dose HBV immunisation had been introduced. The
predominant HBV genotype identified was A' (85.7%), genotype D was found in 11.4%
and A in 2.9% of the amplified specimens. These findings suggest a unique circulation
of HBV genotypes in the Eastern Cape compared to the other genotypes currently
identified in South Africa.
In the final study, the effectiveness under field conditions of a low-dose plasma derived
(LDPD) HBV vaccine chosen for the EPI programme in South Africa was assessed.
Children presenting for routine immunisations at 6 weeks of age were randomly
assigned to receive either LDPD HBV vaccine through the normal clinic route (n=119)
or a recombinant paediatric HBV vaccine (n=108) given under controlled conditions.
Both vaccines were administered at 6 ,1 0 and 14 weeks of age. At one month after the
last vaccination, LDPD vaccine induced levels of anti-HBs s 10 mlU/ml in 42.2% (95%
Cl 27.99-57.77) of immunised infants whereas recombinant vaccine induced protective
antibody levels in 88.6% (95% Cl 74.66-95.74) of immunised infants. These results
suggest a poor performance of the LDPD vaccine under field conditions in Eastern
Cape infants.
Conference papers on the topic "Immunization of children – South Africa – Hammanskraal"
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Widyaningsih, Vitri, and Bhisma Murti. "Antenatal Care and Provision of Basic Immunization in Children Aged 12-23 Months: Meta-Analysis." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.125.
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ABSTRACT Background: Among the leading causes of global child morbidity and mortality are vaccine-preventable diseases, especially in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). A complete basic immunization for children contains one BCG, three DPT-HB-Hib immunizations, four polio immunizations, and one measles immunizations. Antenatal care visit contributes an important to complete the basic immunization. This study aimed to estimate the effect of antenatal care on the completeness of basic immunization in children aged 12-23 months in Africa using meta-analysis. Subjects and Method: A meta-analysis and systematic review was conducted to examine the effect of antenatal care on the basic immunization completeness in children aged 12-23 months. Published articles in 2015-2020 were collected from PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Keywords used “immunization coverage” OR “vaccination coverage” OR “complete immunization” OR “complete vaccination” OR “full immunization” OR “full vaccination” AND children OR “child immunization” OR “child immunization coverage” NOT “incomplete immunization” OR “incomplete vaccination”. The inclusion criteria were full text, in English language, and using cross-sectional study design. The selected articles were analyzed by Revman 5.3. Results:6 studies from Senegal, Nigeria, Ethiopia, and South Africa showed that antenatal care increased basic immunization completeness in children aged 12-23 months (aOR=1.19; 95% CI= 1.06 to 1.36; p<0.001) with I2 = 95%). Conclusion: Antenatal care increases basic immunization completeness in children aged 12-23 months. Keywords: basic immunization, antenatal care, children aged 12-23 months Correspondence: Farida. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutarmi 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: faridariza9232@gmail.com. Mobile: 085654415292 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.125