Journal articles on the topic 'Immune serums Reactivity'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Immune serums Reactivity.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Immune serums Reactivity.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Kaspruk, Lyudmila. "Organization of infection control in the Orenburg region in 1941– 1945: article dedicated to the 75th anniversary of the Great Victory." Spravočnik vrača obŝej praktiki (Journal of Family Medicine), no. 3 (March 1, 2020): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-10-2003-06.
Full textAbstract:
Risk of the spread of acute contagious infections at the front has sharply increased with the beginning of the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945, as a result of which the problem of ensuring sanitary and epidemic wellbeing, including the home front, has been put forward. The issue of preventing the spread of infectious diseases was developed in the war period on the home front, by a group of scientists from the city of Chkalov as well. An important role was given to solving the problem of production of bactericides, improving the production of vaccines and serums, research to increase their immune properties, reduce reactivity, etc. Three institutes of epidemiology and microbiology functioned in the city of Chkalov (now Orenburg) in wartime: Smolensky, Chkalovsky and Ukrainian institute named after I. I. Mechnikov.
2
Kysera, Ya V., Yu G. Storchak, and B. V. Gutyj. "Розробка імунопрофілактичного протипневмококового засобу та визначення його імуногенних властивостей на білих мишах." Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 8, no. 1 (February 13, 2018): 307–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2018_216.
Full textAbstract:
<p>In today's veterinary science and practice, the issue of creation and introduction into the production of diagnostic and preventive immunobiological remedies remains relevant. The prevention of factor bacterial diseases is one of the main tasks of veterinary medicine. Taking into account that sufficient immunobiological reactivity and resistance of an animal`s organism is provided by the optimal composition of vitamins, macro- and microelements, and insufficient vitamin, mineral, including micromineral nutrition causes in them a violation of the function of the immune system, reduces the resistance of the organism to infections, increases the incidence, emerged the issue of developing a new preventive and immunostimulant. It was established the specific composition of streptococci. Complex researches were carried out, which included the isolation of the most virulent pneumococci from the experimental material, taken in the animal farms of Lviv region in order to develop a preventive remedy "Pneumo-Pro" against pneumococcal infection. In 29% of cases there was S. pneumoniae, 21% – S. pyogenes, 17% – S. bovis, 12% – S. agalactiae and 21% – other streptococci streptococci streptococci strains that did not respond to streptococcal serums and were not identified as S. pneumoniae. Investigation of the sensitivity of pneumococci to antibiotics has shown that isolates have been sensitive to enrofloxacin, ofloxacin. Resistance to vancomycin, cefalexin, streptomycin, amoxicillin, ampicillin, cefazolin, lincomycin and erythromycin has been established. A non-harmful and immunogenic prophylactic remedy against pathogens of pneumococcal infection was tested with laboratory animals. During the development of a prophylactic remedy, the determination of its harmlessness was investigated immunogenic properties with different ratios of components of the preventive agent "Pneumo-Pro". White mice were used in the studies. The created preventive remedy "Pneumo-Pro" in its composition contains two components: Streptococcus pneumoniae and alcoholic extract of propolis, which possesses anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Experimental studies have shown that propolis, due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, prevents of pneumonia. Clinical observations showed the harmlessness of the experimental samples of the remedy: no swelling and abscesses at the injection site, no increase in local temperature and body temperature, a deterioration in the general condition of laboratory animals. The expediency of the use of immunoprophylaxis, made from local isolates of an infectious agent in order to increase the resistance of animals.</p>
3
Gray, Julian C., Patrick H. Corran, Elena Mangia, Michael W. Gaunt, Qiuxiang Li, Kevin KA Tetteh, Spencer D. Polley, et al. "Profiling the Antibody Immune Response against Blood Stage Malaria Vaccine Candidates." Clinical Chemistry 53, no. 7 (July 1, 2007): 1244–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2006.081695.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background: The complexity and diversity of the antibody immune response to the antigen repertoire of a pathogen has long been appreciated. Although it has been recognized that the detection of antibodies against multiple antigens dramatically improves the clinical sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic assays, the prognostic value of serum reactivity profiles against multiple microbial antigens in protection has not been investigated. Methods: Using malaria as a model we investigated whether antigen reactivity profiles in serum of children with different levels of clinical immunity to Plasmodium falciparum malaria correlated with protection. We developed a microarray immunoassay of 18 recombinant antigens derived from 4 leading blood-stage vaccine candidates for P. falciparum [merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1), MSP2, MSP3, and apical membrane antigen (AMA)-1]. Associations between observed reactivity profiles and clinical status were sought using k-means clustering and phylogenetic networks. Results: The antibody immune response was unexpectedly complex, with different combinations of antigens recognized in different children. Serum reactivity to individual antigens did not correlate with immune status. By contrast, combined recognition of AMA-1 and allelic variants of MSP2 was significantly associated with protection against clinical malaria. This finding was confirmed independently by k-means clustering and phylogenetic networking. Conclusions: The analysis of reactivity profiles provides a wealth of novel information about the immune response against microbial organisms that would pass unnoticed in analysis of reactivity to antigens individually. Extension of this approach to a large fraction of the proteome may expedite the identification of correlates of protection and vaccine development against microbial diseases.
4
Isla Larrain, Marina T., Andrea G. Colussi, Sandra O. Demichelis, Alberto Barbera, Aldo Cretón, Amada Segal-Eiras, and María V. Croce. "Humoral Immune Response against Tumoral Mucin 1 (MUC1) in Breast Cancer Patients." International Journal of Biological Markers 28, no. 3 (July 2013): 318–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/jbm.5000036.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study was to elucidate whether the IgG humoral immune response to breast cancer cells is directed to the aberrant mucin-1 (MUC1) associated to this type of cancer. To this aim, an adaptation of immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on samples of 45 breast cancer tissues, 12 benign disease tissues, and 31 normal tissues, incubated with matched serum samples from the same patients. Each serum sample was also incubated, with a modified immunocytochemistry (ICC), with MCF7 cells. In both techniques, serum was employed instead of the primary antibody. In the case of IHC, the reactivity with sera diminished when added after previous incubation of the tumor/tissue with an anti-MUC1 mAb; the reduction in reactivity was: from 93% to 44% in breast cancer tissues, and from 100% to 67% in benign disease tissues. The reactivity of normal samples (36%) remained unchanged. In the case of ICC, the reactivity with sera decreased after incubation with anti-MUC1 mAb from 71% to 16% in breast cancer tissues, from 83% to 0% in benign disease tissues, and from 52% to 10% in normal serum samples. These results were confirmed employing siRNA MUC1 transient gene knockdown. By Western blot analysis – after immunoprecipitation (IP) of the circulating MUC1– and ELISA, the TF antigen was detected in circulating MUC1 in all breast cancer and benign samples while Tn was detected in 38% of the samples. The existence of IgG autoantibodies against aberrantly glycosylated MUC1 may have a protective role and may contribute to a better prognosis in some patients. Enhancement of this natural immune response may constitute an alternative therapeutic strategy.
5
Schlame, Michael, Ivan Haller, Lisa Sammaritano, and Thomas Blanck. "Effect of Cardiolipin Oxidation on Solid-Phase Immunoassay for Antiphospholipid Antibodies." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 86, no. 12 (2001): 1475–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1616751.
Full textAbstract:
SummaryDiagnostic assays for antiphospholipid antibodies are routinely performed on microtitre plates coated with cardiolipin. Here we show that contact between cardiolipin and NUNC-Immuno® plates leads to extensive oxidation, generating a series of peroxy-cardiolipins which were identified by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. To investigate the impact of oxidation on the antibody assay, cardiolipin was resolved into 12 molecular species, including oxidized species and non-oxidized species with different degrees of unsaturation. All 12 species reacted under anaerobic conditions with serum from patients with primary antiphospholipid syndrome. Immune reactivity was similar for tetralinoleoyl-cardiolipin, trilinoleoyl-oleoyl-cardiolipin, and peroxycardiolipins, but somewhat lower for tristearoyl-oleoyl-cardiolipin. Oxidative treatment of cardiolipin with air, cytochrome c, or Cu2+/tert-butylhydroperoxide, either before or during the assay, did not enhance immune reactivity. Similar results were obtained with a monoclonal IgM from lupus-prone mice, that binds cardiolipin in the absence of protein cofactors. We conclude that the solid-phase assay for antiphospholipid antibodies can be supported by various oxidized and nonoxididized molecular species of cardiolipin.
6
Maria, Vasco A. J., and Rui M. M. Victorino. "Hypersensitivity Immune Reaction as a Mechanism for Dilevalol-Associated Hepatitis." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 26, no. 7-8 (July 1992): 924–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002809202600713.
Full textAbstract:
OBJECTIVE: To assess lymphocyte reactivity to dilevalol and to serum containing putative ex vivo dilevalol antigens or metabolites in a case of dilevalol-induced liver injury. PATIENT: A 58-year-old woman with a clinical diagnosis of dilevalol-induced liver injury. METHODS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected from the patient were cultured in the presence of a solution of dilevalol and also with sera collected from a volunteer before and after dilevalol intake. A similar protocol was performed with lymphocytes from a healthy subject. RESULTS: No lymphocyte proliferation was observed either in the patient or in the healthy volunteer in the presence of dilevalol solutions. A significant proliferative response to serum collected after dilevalol intake was observed in the case of the patient compared with the proliferative response to the serum collected before the drug intake. No reactivity was found when lymphocytes from the healthy subject were tested under similar conditions. CONCLUSIONS: The methodology used allowed the detection of lymphocyte sensitization to sera containing ex vivo-prepared dilevalol antigens, suggesting the involvement of an immunologic mechanism in dilevalol-induced liver injury.
7
Wijekoon, Suranji, Niranjala De Silva, Nayana Wijayawardhane, Madura Munasinghe, and Jayanthe Rajapakse. "Characterization of Antigenic Property of Adult Spirocerca lupi Collected from Esophageal Nodules in Dogs." INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 17, no. 01 (January 25, 2021): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21887/ijvsbt.17.1.8.
Full textAbstract:
Spirocerca lupi, the esophageal nematode of dog , causes a potentially fatal disease in domestic dogs. Immunological techniques can identify the parasite proteins which elicit an immune response. However, the antigenic properties of S. lupi adult worms have not been fully understood. The immuno-reactivity of the naturally infected dog sera with the S. lupi somatic antigens showed 7 prominent immunoreactive bands of distinct sizes at 199, 148, 100, 87, 49, 16, and 12 kDa, whereas 8 prominent bands at 230, 200, 100, 60, 49, 29, 16, and 12 kDa against hyper immune serum raised in the rabbits. Common antigen bands for both types of serum were observed at 100, 49 , 16 and 12 kDa. Intriguingly, the current study was able to indicate the detailed antigenic profile with specific molecular moieties which might be a manifesto for future investigation. Identified specific antigens merit further analysis as potential tools for the evaluation of treatment success and prognosis of spirocercosis, and development of a sensitive and specific diagnostic test for early detection of S. lupi in infected dogs.
8
Fitzgerald, Thomas. "Immobilization and neutralization of Treponema pallidum attached to cultured mammalian cells." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 31, no. 12 (December 1, 1985): 1152–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m85-217.
Full textAbstract:
The in vitro effects of antibodies, complement, and (or) macrophages on Treponema pallidum have been previously characterized using relatively simple systems of organisms incubated with the immune components. In vivo, the more complex environment may alter immune reactivity. Experiments were performed to determine whether immobilizing and neutralizing antibodies retained their effectiveness in a more complex environment involving cultured mammalian cells. Two different protocols were used. In protocol A treponemes and normal or immune serum were mixed and added immediately to the cultured cells. In protocol B treponemes were preincubated for 18 h with cultured cells to maximize treponemal attachment; then normal or immune serum was added. With both protocols, attachment of organisms resulted in less effecient immobilization and neutralization. In further experiments, cultured cells were disrupted with Triton X, leaving cytoskeletal remnants on the vessel surface. Identical immobilization and neutralization experiments were performed in the presence of these remnants. In contrast to the findings with viable cultured cells, treponemal attachment to these nonviable remnants did not effect either antibody reaction. Attached organisms were immobilized or neutralized just as efficiently as unattached organisms. Results are discussed in terms of the altered immune reactivity in more complex in vitro environments.
9
Hartley, Carol A., Nino Ficorilli, Kemperly Dynon, Heidi E. Drummer, Jin-an Huang, and Michael J. Studdert. "Equine rhinitis A virus: structural proteins and immune response." Journal of General Virology 82, no. 7 (July 1, 2001): 1725–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-82-7-1725.
Full textAbstract:
Equine rhinitis A virus (ERAV) is a picornavirus that has been reclassified as a member of the Aphthovirus genus because of its resemblance to foot-and-mouth disease virus at the level of nucleotide sequence and overall genomic structure. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of three of the four capsid proteins of ERAV was determined and showed that the proteolytic cleavage sites within the precursor P1 polypeptide occur exactly as those predicted for an aphthovirus-like 3C protease, which generates the capsid proteins VP1 and VP3. However, the autocatalytic cleavage site between VP4 and VP2, which is independent of 3C protease cleavage, was different from that predicted previously. ERAV.393/76 antisera from horses and rabbits showed different reactivity to the viral structural proteins in both serum neutralization assays and Western blots. High neutralizing antibody titres appeared to correlate with strong reactivity to VP1 in Western blots.
10
Zuin, Jessica, Gianluca Veggiani, Paolo Pengo, Andrea Gallotta, Alessandra Biasiolo, Natascia Tono, Angelo Gatta, et al. "Evaluation of the Analytical Specificity of SCCA-IGM Assay for Monitoring Patients with Cirrhosis." International Journal of Biological Markers 24, no. 3 (July 2009): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/172460080902400335.
Full textAbstract:
Background and aim An increasing number of clinical data suggests the importance of the assessment of serum levels of the squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA)-lgM immune complex for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In addition, monitoring of SCCA-IgM immune complexes has been described as a useful prognostic approach in patients with cirrhosis since the progressive increase of SCCA-IgM over time is associated with a higher risk of HCC development. Because other assays in patients with cirrhosis have been affected by interfering IgMs, the aim of the present study was to assess the specificity of SCCA-IgM reactivity in cirrhotic patients by evaluating SCCA-IgM detection dependence on different capturing phases and by measuring the recovery of SCCA-IgM reactivity after serum fractionation. Patients and methods Serum samples from 82 patients with cirrhosis (M/F ratio 3/1; mean age ± SD: 56 ± 9 years) were collected at the Liver Unit of the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Padua, according to the approved institutional procedures. Serum levels of SCCA-IgM were measured using two different ELISA tests: the reference assay based on a rabbit oligoclonal anti-human SCCA antibody (Hepa IC, Xeptagen, Italy) and a dedicated ELISA with a mouse monoclonal anti-SCCA as capture antibody. Results Serum levels of SCCA-IgM measured with the reference assay (median value 87 AU/mL) were higher than levels measured with the mouse monoclonal test (median value 78 AU/mL), but the differences were not statistically significant (Mann-Whitney U test, p>0.05). When SCCA-IgM levels measured with both tests were compared, a linear correlation was found (r = 0.77, p < 0.001). An in silico analysis using available structural data of SCCA showed the presence of up to three putative antigenic sites localized on the SCCA surface, thus providing evidence that the test with the mouse monoclonal anti-SCCA antibody could underestimate the total circulating immune complexes due to the steric hindrance of the enormous mass of IgM (900 kDa) that could mask on the SCCA (45 kDa) surface the binding site recognized by the monoclonal antibody. To show that the SCCA-IgM assay was not affected by interfering IgMs, we measured the recovery of SCCA-IgM reactivity after serum fractionation of ten of the most reactive samples in both assays. Total recovery of SCCA-IgM reactivity was obtained with both assays in the fractions corresponding to components with higher molecular weight than IgM and SCCA (>2000 kDa). Conclusions The results of this study indicate that the reactivity measured in cirrhotic patients is related only to SCCA-IgM immune complexes and is not affected by other serum components, supporting the analytical specificity of the SCCA-IgM assay and validating the importance of SCCA-IgM as a risk biomarker for HCC development.
11
Brandwein, S. L., R. P. McCabe, Y. Cong, K. B. Waites, B. U. Ridwan, P. A. Dean, T. Ohkusa, E. H. Birkenmeier, J. P. Sundberg, and C. O. Elson. "Spontaneously colitic C3H/HeJBir mice demonstrate selective antibody reactivity to antigens of the enteric bacterial flora." Journal of Immunology 159, no. 1 (July 1, 1997): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.159.1.44.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The idiopathic inflammatory bowel diseases, ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are chronic disorders that appear to arise from an aberrant interaction of environmental, genetic, and immunologic factors. The aim of this study was to examine the immune reactivity of a spontaneously colitic mouse strain, C3H/HeJBir, to epithelial, food, and enteric bacterial Ags. Serum Ab responses of colitic C3H/HeJBir and noncolitic parental C3H/HeJ mice were measured by enhanced chemiluminescence Western blotting. No reactivity to epithelial or food Ags was detected. However, the sera from C3H/HeJBir mice had a reproducible banding pattern on Western blot to bacterial Ags, whereas sera from C3H/HeJ mice did not. Only a small, highly selected number of enteric bacterial Ags were recognized. There were major differences in the degree of recognition of different bacterial strains, marked by remarkably few Abs to Ags of the major anaerobes of the bacterial flora. The serum Abs detected on immunoblot were primarily IgG2a, suggesting a Th1 response. Comparison of sera reactivity to histopathologic severity showed an inverse relationship: one third of young C3H/HeJBir mice during the peak of colitis produced Abs to bacterial Ags, while later in life, when the colitis had resolved, 96% produced Abs. These data are consistent with an abnormal immune reactivity to enteric bacterial flora in C3H/HeJBir mice, a reactivity that is highly selective considering the abundant bacterial Ags present in the colon lumen. We postulate that this reactivity plays a role in the pathogenesis of colitis in these mice.
12
Tewari, Deepanker, Ernest Hovingh, Rick Linscott, Edmond Martel, John Lawrence, David Wolfgang, and David Griswold. "Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Antibody Response, Fecal Shedding, and Antibody Cross-Reactivity to Mycobacterium bovis in M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-Infected Cattle Herds Vaccinated against Johne's Disease." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 21, no. 5 (March 12, 2014): 698–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00032-14.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTVaccination for Johne's disease with killed inactivated vaccine in cattle herds has shown variable success. The vaccine delays the onset of disease but does not afford complete protection. Johne's disease vaccination has also been reported to interfere with measurements of cell-mediated immune responses for the detection of bovine tuberculosis. Temporal antibody responses and fecal shedding ofMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosis, the causative agent of Johne's disease, were measured in 2 dairy cattle herds using Johne's disease vaccine (Mycopar) over a period of 7 years. Vaccination against Johne's disease resulted in positive serumM. aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisantibody responses in both herds, and the responses persisted in vaccinated cattle up to 7 years of age. Some vaccinated animals (29.4% in herd A and 36.2% in herd B) showed no serological reactivity toM. aviumsubsp.paratuberculosis.M. aviumsubsp.paratuberculosis-specific antibody responses were also detected in milk from Johne's disease-vaccinated animals, but fewer animals (39.3% in herd A and 49.4% in herd B) had positive results with milk than with serum samples. With vaccination againstM. aviumsubsp.paratuberculosis, fecal shedding in both dairy herds was reduced significantly (P< 0.001). In addition, when selected Johne's disease-vaccinated and -infected animals were investigated for serological cross-reactivity toMycobacterium bovis, no cross-reactivity was observed.
13
Keane-Myers, Andrea, Maria Wysocka, Giorgio Trinchieri, and Marsha Wills-Karp. "Resistance to Antigen-Induced Airway Hyperresponsiveness Requires Endogenous Production of IL-12." Journal of Immunology 161, no. 2 (July 15, 1998): 919–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.161.2.919.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract We have demonstrated previously that susceptibility of murine strains to the development of allergic airway responses is associated with a type 2 cytokine pattern. In the present study, we examine the in vivo role of IL-12 in the immune response to allergen exposure in susceptible (A/J) and resistant (C3H/HeJ, C3H) strains of mice. OVA sensitization and challenge induced significant increases in airway reactivity in A/J mice as compared with their PBS-challenged controls, while no increases in airway reactivity were observed in OVA-challenged C3H mice. OVA exposure of A/J mice resulted in marked increases in the Th2 cytokines, IL-4 and IL-10, in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, whereas increases in IFN-γ were observed in C3H mice. Strikingly, anti-IL-12 mAb (1 mg/mouse) treatment resulted in threefold increases in airway reactivity in OVA-challenged resistant C3H mice, concomitant with significant increases in bronchoalveolar lavage levels of Th2 cytokines and decreases in IFN-γ. IL-12 depletion of C3H mice also suppressed OVA-specific serum IgG2a levels and increased both serum OVA-specific IgG1 and IgE levels. Blockade of endogenous IL-12 levels in susceptible A/J mice resulted in further augmentation of type 2 immune responses. These results demonstrate that endogenous production of IL-12 is essential for resistance to Ag-induced airway hyperresponsiveness, and furthermore, that dysregulation of IL-12 production may lead to the development of deleterious type 2 immune responses to inhaled allergens.
14
Yakimovich, S. E. "ASSESSMENT OF HUMORAL IMMUNITY IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC VIRAL HEPATITIS B, COMBINED WITH CHRONIC NON-CALCULOUS CHOLECYSTITIS." Medical academic journal 19, no. 1S (December 15, 2019): 121–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/maj191s1121-122.
Full textAbstract:
The article presents data on assessing the state of the humoral immunity in patients with chronic viral hepatitis B, combined with chronic non-calculous cholecystitis, as chronic liver viral lesions are immune-mediated condition, depending on the replicative activity of the virus and the immune system’s responses to this virus. At the same time, there is an increase in the overall level of CIC in serum and an imbalance in the molecular composition of immune complexes, as well as a decrease in the immunological reactivity in such patients.
15
Lizeng, Qin, Charlotta Nilsson, Samer Sourial, Sören Andersson, Olav Larsen, Peter Aaby, Mariethe Ehnlund, and Ewa Björling. "Potent Neutralizing Serum Immunoglobulin A (IgA) in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2-Exposed IgG-Seronegative Individuals." Journal of Virology 78, no. 13 (July 1, 2004): 7016–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.78.13.7016-7022.2004.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT The mechanisms behind the resistance to human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) infection are still not fully understood. In the present study, we explored the HIV-2-specific humoral serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) immune response in HIV-2-exposed IgG-seronegative (EGSN) individuals. Serum samples from heterosexual EGSN individuals and their known HIV-2-infected partners, as well as controls originating from Guinea-Bissau in Africa, were studied. Antibody reactivity to native and recombinant envelope glycoproteins was investigated, and the capacity of purified serum IgA to neutralize HIV-2SBL6669 was tested. Our results showed that 16 of 25 EGSN samples exhibited reactivity against whole HIV-2 antigen, 6 of 25 samples reacted with recombinant gp36 (rgp36), and 3 of 25 samples were positive against HIV-2 rgp105; no reactivity to native HIV-2 gp125 was detected. Purified serum IgA antibodies from both EGSN and HIV-2-positive individuals, but not that from the negative controls, exhibited neutralization of HIV-2SBL6669. The most potent neutralization activity was exhibited by IgA purified from EGSN compared to infected individuals' IgA. The antigenic pattern of the HIV-2-positive partners showed that all serum IgA samples were reactive to whole HIV-2 antigen, and 14 of 15 reacted with rgp36. For rgp105 and gp125, 5 of 15 and 4 of 15 samples exhibited binding, respectively. The serum of the EGSN group had a higher mean IgA concentration than that of the negative controls (P < 0.05). Thus, we describe HIV-2-specific serum IgA antigen reactivity and show a more potent serum IgA-mediated HIV-2-neutralizing activity in EGSN individuals than in HIV-2-infected patients.
16
Alaniz, María E., Ricardo D. Lardone, Silvia L. Yudowski, María I. Farace, and Gustavo A. Nores. "Normally Occurring Human Anti-GM1 Immunoglobulin M Antibodies and the Immune Response to Bacteria." Infection and Immunity 72, no. 4 (April 2004): 2148–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.72.4.2148-2151.2004.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Anti-GM1 antibodies of the immunoglobulin M (IgM) isotype are normal components of the antibody repertoire of adult human serum. Using a sensitive high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) immunostaining assay, we found that these antibodies were absent in the umbilical vein and children <1 month of age but could be detected after 1 month of age. Although most of the children older than 6 months of age were positive, there were still a few negative children. The appearance of anti-GM1 IgM antibodies showed a perfect concordance with two well-characterized antibacterial antibodies, anti-Forssman and anti-blood group A, which indicates a similar origin. We also studied IgM reactivity with lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) from gram-negative bacteria isolated from stool samples from healthy babies and from Escherichia coli HB101 in serum from individuals of different ages. We found a positive reaction with both LPSs in all the children more than 1 month of age analyzed, even in those that were negative for anti-GM1 antibodies. Anti-GM1 IgM antibodies were purified from adult serum by affinity chromatography and tested for the ability to bind LPSs from different bacteria. This highly specific preparation showed reactivity only with LPS from a strain of Campylobacter jejuni isolated from a patient with diarrhea. We conclude that normally occurring IgM antibodies are generated after birth, probably during the immune defense against specific bacterial strains.
17
Cooksley, Helen, Shilpa Chokshi, Yafit Maayan, Heiner Wedemeyer, Pietro Andreone, Richard Gilson, Thomas Warnes, et al. "Hepatitis B Virus e Antigen Loss during Adefovir Dipivoxil Therapy Is Associated with Enhanced Virus-Specific CD4+ T-Cell Reactivity." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 52, no. 1 (November 5, 2007): 312–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00467-07.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Weak T-cell reactivity to hepatitis B virus (HBV) is thought to be the dominant cause for chronic HBV infection. Treatment with adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) increases the rate of HBV e antigen (HBeAg) loss; however, the immune mechanisms associated with this treatment response are not understood. Serial analysis of HBV-specific CD4+ T-cell reactivity was performed during 48 weeks of therapy with ADV and correlated with treatment outcome for 19 HBeAg-positive patients receiving ADV (n = 13) or the placebo (n = 6). We tested T-cell reactivity to HBV at seven protocol time points by proliferation, cytokine production, and enzyme-linked immunospot assays. A panel of serum cytokines was quantitated by cytokine bead array. ADV-treated patients showed increased CD4+ T-cell responses to HBV and lower serum levels of cytokines compared to those of placebo-treated patients. Enhanced CD4+ T-cell reactivity to HBV, which peaked at treatment week 16, was confined to a subgroup of ADV-treated patients who achieved greater viral suppression (5.3 ± 0.3 log10 copies/ml [mean ± standard error of the mean {SEM}] serum HBV DNA reduction from baseline) and HBeAg loss, but not to ADV-treated patients with moderate (3.4 ± 0.2 log10 copies/ml [mean ± SEM]) viremia reduction who remained HBeAg positive or to patients receiving the placebo. In conclusion, T-cell reactivity to HBV increases in a proportion of ADV-treated patients and is associated with greater suppression of HBV replication and HBeAg loss.
18
Reto, Patricia Pichilingue, Prithvi Raj, Quan-Zhen Li, Igor Dozmorov, Maria Teresa De la Morena, and Nicolai vanOers. "172. Serum Igg Profiling Healthy 1- and 2- year Old Toddlers Reveals a Subgroup with Clinically Informative Reactivities to Pathogens and Autoantigens." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2020): S215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.482.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background The antibody repertoire in an infant/toddler develops in response to the microbiome, infections, environmental exposures, and vaccinations. Monitoring the specificity of these antibody responses in normal toddlers will provide indicators of disease susceptibility. Methods The serum Immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgM antibody reactivity patterns in 1- and 2-year-old healthy toddlers was determined by examining the Ig specificity to diverse infectious agents, autoantigens and vaccine antigens with an antigen array. The toddlers were stratified based on their antibody reactivity to these diverse antigens with a normalized fluorescence intensity measure. Repeat profiling was performed at year 2 to reveal longitudinal changes in the IgG and IgM responses. Clinical information, along with DNA sequencing, and selected cytokine assays were used to establish an odds ratio for immune disease potential among the cohort. Results Healthy 1- and 2- year old IgG responses revealed cohorts of low, moderate, and high Ig responder groups that was unconnected with total serum IgG levels. The high responder group had elevated IgG reactions to selected pathogens, particularly viruses as well as to autoantigens. This high reactivity group, representing 17% of the cohort, had high odds ratios with maternal gestational diabetes, age, and a family history of asthma. While all toddlers developed strong antibody responses to Measles-Mumps-Rubella vaccines (MMR), more variation was noted towards other vaccines. In infections to Molluscum contagiosum, the IgG serum levels were transient regardless of the responder group. The high responder group had DNA polymorphisms linked to enhanced immune responses that correlated with elevated cytokine levels as well as eczema and asthma. A subset of toddlers has strong IgG responses to pathogens and vaccines Conclusion A subset of normal healthy toddlers has a high potential for immune system abnormalities and autoimmunity based on higher serum antibody responses to pathogens and autoantigens, genetic polymorphisms, and elevated cytokine responses. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures
19
Edelman, A. S., B. Xue, P. Sanchez, and G. J. Thorbecke. "Cross-reactive cellular and humoral immunity to carcinogen-induced chicken fibrosarcomas. I. Protective cross-immunity between transplantable tumor lines." Journal of Immunology 135, no. 3 (September 1, 1985): 2206–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.135.3.2206.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced transplantable fibrosarcomas in B2 homozygous chickens (SC line) grow progressively in normal chickens, but are rejected by chickens immunized previously with irradiated tumor cells and Corynebacterium parvum. Tumor-immune chickens resist challenge by the immunizing tumor lines as well as by some, but not all, fibrosarcoma lines. The pattern of cross-reactivity between four DMBA-induced transplantable tumor lines was examined in detail. Ability to reject a tumor challenge correlated very well (p less than 0.001) with the presence of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to that tumor. Immunization with one of two of the DMBA-induced lines tested also caused rejection of transplantable tumors developed from methylcholanthrene-induced and benzo(a)pyrene-induced primary fibrosarcomas. Although immunization with tumor caused DTH to chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF), immunization with CEF failed to cause protective immunity or DTH to tumors. Presence of protective immunity, where tested, also correlated with the ability of spleen cells from immune donors to inhibit tumor growth in Winn tests. Humoral immunity exhibited even greater cross-reactivity than did cellular immunity. Distinct patterns of cross-reactivity were nevertheless observed with respect to the serum antibodies as detected in ELISA. Two of these patterns were also observed in several sera from primary tumor-bearing chickens, both including reactivity with CEF. Such reactivity was absent from normal chicken sera.
20
Spisek, Radek, Lyn-Chi Chen, Matthew Scanlan, Andrew Simpson, Gerd Ritter, Erik Rasmussen, Jason McCoy, et al. "Differential Antigenic Targets of Anti-Tumor Immune Response and Selective Immunity to Stem Cell Associated Group B SOX Proteins in Preneoplastic Versus Malignant Gammopathy." Blood 106, no. 11 (November 16, 2005): 5116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.5116.5116.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Current information about specific antigenic targets of anti-tumor immunity in humans is largely restricted to patients with cancer. In order to gain insights into the nature of antigenic targets of host immune response in preneoplasia, we screened sera of patients with preneoplastic gammopathy (MGUS, n=28), multiple myeloma (MM, n=35), and smoldering MM (SMM, n=14) for the reactivity against a panel of 84 defined tumor antigens by a serum antibody detection array (SADA). Reactivity against 22 of the antigens in this panel was detected exclusively in the sera from MGUS, SMM or MM and not in sera from normal blood donors (n=27). Overall, reactivity to one or more of the antigens in this panel was detected in 40%, 85.7% and 54.2% of MGUS, SMM and MM patients, respectively. Interestingly, the pattern of antigenic reactivity differed between cohorts. Immune responses to certain antigens (e.g. cancer-testis antigen SSX-3 or methytransferase-3) were only detected in MM or SMM, respectively. On the other hand, immune responses to SRY-like -HMG-box2 (SOX2) protein were only seen in MGUS patients. In spite of cytogenetic similarities of tumor cells, the natural history of MGUS is markedly different from that of SMM or MM. SOX2 (a member of group B SOX family) is a transcription factor known to be expressed in embryonal neural and cancer stem cells and plays an important role in stem cell self renewal and differentiation. The observed differential reactivity to SOX2 was subsequently confirmed in separate ELISA based assays. Overall, anti-SOX2 IgG antibodies were detected in 11/55 (20%) of MGUS patients but in none of the SMM (n=25) and MM (n=23) patients tested (p=0.004). Light chains-specific ELISA revealed the polyclonal character of the humoral response thus ruling out SOX2 reactivity due to the monoclonal paraprotein itself. This is also supported by the detection of anti-SOX2 IgG in patients with non-IgG gammopathies. The absence of anti-SOX2 reactivity in SMM and MM could not be explained by global impairment of humoral immunity in MM, due to the detection of comparable reactivity to tetanus toxoid as a control antigen. SOX2 reactive IgG antibodies were present at high titers in all patients. For 8 of these patients enrolled on a prospective SWOG trial, follow up samples revealed that the pattern and extent of antibody reactivity remains stable over time. Together, these data provide evidence for broad anti-tumor humoral immune response in patients with MGUS and identify group B Sox proteins (SOX2) as a specific antigenic target in a significant proportion of patients with MGUS. The finding that antigenic targets of naturally occurring host immune response in preneoplasia may differ from those in cancer has broad implications for both early detection and immune prevention of human cancer. Protective immunity may depend not just on the presence of anti-tumor immune response, but also the “stemness” of the target population.
21
Wu, Te-Chia, Ya-Fang Wang, Yi-Ping Lee, Jen-Ren Wang, Ching-Chuan Liu, Shih-Min Wang, Huan-Yao Lei, Ih-Jen Su, and Chun-Keung Yu. "Immunity to Avirulent Enterovirus 71 and Coxsackie A16 Virus Protects against Enterovirus 71 Infection in Mice." Journal of Virology 81, no. 19 (July 11, 2007): 10310–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00372-07.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT In this study, we sought to determine whether intratypic and intertypic cross-reactivity protected against enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection in a murine infection model. We demonstrate that active immunization of 1-day-old mice with avirulent EV71 strain or coxsackie A16 virus (CA16) by the oral route developed anti-EV71 antibodies with neutralizing activity (1:16 and 1:2, respectively). Splenocytes from both EV71- and CA16-immunized mice proliferated upon EV71 or CA16, but not coxsackie B3 virus (CB3), antigen stimulation. Immunized mice became more resistant to virulent EV71 strain challenge than nonimmunized mice. There was an increase in the percentage of activated splenic T cells and B cells in the immunized mice 2 days after EV71 challenge. The CA16 immune serum reacted with EV71 antigens in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and neutralized EV71 but not CB3 or poliovirus at a titer of 1:4. Passive immunization with the CA16 immune serum reduced the clinical score, diminished the organ viral load, and increased the survival rate of mice upon EV71 challenge. CB3 neither shared in vitro cross-reactivity with EV71 nor provided in vivo protection after both active and passive immunization. These results illustrated that live vaccine is feasible for EV71 and that intertypic cross-reactivity of enteroviruses may provide a way to determine the prevalence of EV71.
22
Bason, C., I. Pagnini, A. Brucato, S. Maestroni, A. Puccetti, C. Lunardi, and R. Cimaz. "Congenital heart block and immune mediated sensorineural hearing loss: possible cross reactivity of immune response." Lupus 26, no. 8 (December 5, 2016): 835–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961203316682099.
Full textAbstract:
Immune-mediated sensorineural hearing loss may complicate systemic autoimmune diseases. We have previously reported the presence of antibodies directed against inner ear antigens in patients with Cogan syndrome, a disease characterized by sudden hearing loss and interstitial keratitis. Such autoantibodies cross-react with an epitope of SSA/Ro60 protein. Anti-Ro/SSA antibodies in pregnant women cross the placenta and reach the fetal tissues inducing an immune-mediated damage of the cardiac conduction system. We wanted to evaluate whether mothers with anti-Ro/SSA antibodies who gave birth to children with congenital heart block have antibodies directed against inner ear antigens and whether these antibodies are connected with the presence of immune-mediated sensorineural hearing loss. We did not find anti-inner ear antibodies in the majority of the mothers. On the contrary a 13-year-old boy with congenital heart block and sensorineural hearing loss was positive for the presence of anti-inner ear antigens antibodies. Moreover his serum was positive for the presence of anti-Ro60 peptide antibodies but did not recognize the entire protein Ro60 (TROVE2), a behaviour similar to that of sera from patients with Cogan syndrome. In conclusion the data obtained so far show that anti-inner ear antibodies do not recognize the entire protein TROVE2 and do not support the hypothesis that such antibodies may be involved in the pathogenesis of congenital heart block.
23
Tsai, D. E., and J. D. Keene. "In vitro selection of RNA epitopes using autoimmune patient serum." Journal of Immunology 150, no. 3 (February 1, 1993): 1137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.150.3.1137.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Nucleotide-specific autoimmune epitopes have not been precisely defined despite the fact that certain kinds of DNA and RNA species are known to bind autoantibodies. Our laboratory has used nucleic acid epitope libraries, consisting of randomized RNA pools, to select specific RNA conformers recognized by antibodies, including a peptide-specific antibody. In the present study, serum from a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus was used to select ligands from an RNA epitope library. The selected RNA contained sequences that were found to be similar to regions within the U1 small nuclear RNA, previously shown to react with autoantibodies. Furthermore, the selected RNA epitopes were able to inhibit autoantibody reactivity with specific regions of U1 RNA, thus demonstrating their immunologic cross-reactivity with the natural RNA epitope. Although the origins of nucleic acid-binding autoantibodies are not understood, the identification of these defined U1 RNA epitopes, in regions of the RNA where cell proteins are not known to bind, is most compatible with models of immunologic cross-reactivity or with direct presentation to the immune system rather than with anti-Id models. These experiments demonstrate that RNA epitope libraries may be used to reveal the fine specificity of autoimmune recognition and provide a useful approach to study RNA-protein interactions.
24
Dai, Ying-Chun, Ming Xia, Qiong Huang, Ming Tan, Lin Qin, Ya-Li Zhuang, Yan Long, Jian-Dong Li, Xi Jiang, and Xu-Fu Zhang. "Characterization of Antigenic Relatedness between GII.4 and GII.17 Noroviruses by Use of Serum Samples from Norovirus-Infected Patients." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 55, no. 12 (September 13, 2017): 3366–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.00865-17.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTA novel GII.17 norovirus variant caused major gastroenteritis epidemics in China in 2014 to 2016. To explore the host immune factors in selection of the emergence of this new variant, we characterized its antigenic relatedness with the GII.4 noroviruses that have dominated in China for decades. Through an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a histo-blood group antigen (HBGA) blocking assay using sera from GII.4 and the GII.17 variant-infected patients, respectively, we observed limited cross-immune reactivity by the ELISA but little reactivity by the HBGA blocking assay between GII.4 norovirus and the new GII.17 variant. Our data suggest that, among other possible factors, GII.4-specific herd immunity had little role in the emergence of the new GII.17 variant. Thus, GII.17 may be an important active antigenic type or immunotype that needs to be considered for future vaccine strategies against human noroviruses.
25
Zack, D. J., M. Stempniak, A. L. Wong, and R. H. Weisbart. "Localization of an Fc-binding reactivity to the constant region of human IgG4. Implications for the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis." Journal of Immunology 155, no. 10 (November 15, 1995): 5057–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.155.10.5057.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The majority of plasma cells in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovium produce rheumatoid factors (RF). IgG RF predominate in the immune complexes found in RA synovial fluid and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of RA. IgG4 RF are a major component of IgG RF produced in serum and synovium of RA patients, even though this subclass comprises only 4% of the serum IgG. We produced an IgG4 mAb, hRF-1, with RF reactivity from the synovial tissue of a patient with RA. mAb hRF-1 had binding specificity for mammalian IgG similar to Staphylococcus aureus protein A, which is characteristic of RF from patients with RA. To determine the molecular basis of this particular RF reactivity, the heavy and light chain genes of mAb hRF-1 were amplified by PCR, cloned, and ligated into the pSG5 plasmid for expression in COS-7 cells. Chain recombination experiments localized the Fc-binding reactivity to the hRF-1 heavy chain. Using a series of chimeric Ab sequences, the Fc-binding reactivity was mapped to the constant region of IgG4 rather than the variable region involved in classic RF reactivity. Multiple domains, including Hinge, CH2, and CH3 of the IgG4 constant region were required for Fc binding. Our studies demonstrate an example of RF-like Fc-binding reactivity that is conferred by the gamma-4 constant region rather than the classic Ag binding site and suggest that increased production of IgG4 may contribute to the pathogenesis of RA.
26
Boiko, О. V., О. F. Honchar, Y. V. Lesyk, І. І. Kovalchuk, and B. V. Gutyj. "Influence of zinc nanoaquacitrate on the immuno-physiological reactivity and productivity of the organism of rabbits." Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems 11, no. 1 (March 12, 2020): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/022020.
Full textAbstract:
Zinc is necessary for maintaining the immune status, and its deficiency in the organisms of animals is usually accompanied by the condition of immune deficiency. The objective of the study was determining the effect of different amounts of zinc on the immune-biological reactivity and productivity of the organism of rabbits after their weaning on the 50th and 86th days of life. For the study, rabbits with the weight of 1.2–1.4 kg were selected and divided into four groups (control and three experimental). The rabbits of the control group were fed with unlimited balanced granulated compound feed, and had free access to water. The animals of the I, II and III experimental groups were watered with zinc nanoaquacitrate in the amounts of 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 mg of Zn/kg of body weight. Compared with the control group, watering of the animals of the experimental groups with zinc nanoaquacitrate to a greater extent affected the content of phagocytic activity, lysozymic and bactericidal activities of the blood serum as integral factors of non-specific cellular and humoral resistance of the organism, which manifested in the increase in their content in blood on the 12th, 24th and 36th days of the experiment. Use of organic supplement in the diet of rabbits had a stimulating effect on the functioning of the immune system of their organism, which was seen in the higher content of total immunoglobulins, sialic acids and ceruloplasmin in the blood of animals watered with zinc nanoaquacitrate in the quantities of 0.50 and 0.75 mg of Zn/kg of body weight on the 24th and 36th days of the experiment. Use of organic compound of zinc in the diet caused high parameters of growth of the organism of rabbits during the period of 36 days, which manifested in the highest parameters of average-day increments and body weight on the 86th day of the life of the rabbits from the III experimental group, which received zinc nanoaquacitrate in the amounts of 0.75 mg of Zn/kg of body weight compared with the control group. Watering rabbits with zinc nanoaquacitrate during the study was accompanied by probable changes in the number of erythrocytes, concentration of hemoglobin and erythrocyte indices, which could indicate a positive effect of the employed additives on the hematopoietic function of the rabbits’ organism. The data of the performed experiment suggest that watering with larger amounts of organic compound of zinc has a positive effect on the processes of formation of immuno-physiological reactivity of the rabbits’ organism and increase in their productivity. The practical purpose is the study of the impact of watering with zinc nanoaquacitrate on the immuno-biological reactivity of the organism of rabbit dams during the period of lactation.
27
Sonpavde, Guru P., Dory Freeman, Elio Adib, Talal El Zarif, Jonathan Thomas, Pier Vitale Nuzzo, Arvind Ravi, et al. "Multiplexed autoantibody (AA) profiling of patients (pts) with metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors or platinum-based chemotherapy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 6_suppl (February 20, 2022): 558. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.6_suppl.558.
Full textAbstract:
558 Background: The AA profile may be altered in malignancies and provide insights into tumor biology and the immune state. We hypothesized that the longitudinal AA profiling of mUC pts receiving an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) may provide insights into the immune response, which may be associated with immune events and help discover new therapeutic targets. Methods: We utilized serum from mUC pts receiving an ICI or platinum-based chemotherapy (PBC) at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. Age and sex matched healthy controls were also studied. The SeroTag immuno-oncology discovery array (Oncimmune) was utilized, with quantification of the AA reactivity towards 1150 antigens. Bound autoantibodies were detected using an anti-IgG-specific detection antibody conjugated to the fluorescent reporter dye phycoerythrin. The AA reactivity was reported as the median fluorescence intensity (MFI) for each color and sample using a Luminex FlexMAP3D analyzer. A significance analysis of microarrays was performed to identify AAs with elevated levels in bladder cancer compared to matched healthy controls (HCs). AAs with > 1.5 increase between pre- and post-treatment were reported. Scatter and box-whisker plots were reported for all pts and antigens, respectively. Results: Pre- (n = 66) and post treatment (n = 65) serum samples were available from mUC pts receiving pembrolizumab (n = 25), atezolizumab (n = 21), nivolumab (n = 5), avelumab (n = 1), durvalumab + tremelimumab (n = 1), nivolumab plus vaccine (n = 1), and 12 pts who received PBC (cisplatin n = 8, carboplatin n = 4). The median duration between the pre- and post-therapy samples was 6 months, median age was 67.7 years (range 40-91) with 51 men (77.3%). Overall, significant heterogeneity of AAs between pts was observed with 37 AAs showing higher reactivity in pre-treatment mUC pts vs. 47 HCs, notably anti-CTAG1 (NY-ESO-1), CTAG2 (NY-ESO-2), MAGE B-18, KRAS, GRB2, RARRES2, HSP72 and FGFR3 (all p < 0.05). Pre- and post-therapy AA profiles were similar with unique changes seen in each patient. Notably, 3 pts receiving an ICI developed AAs to NY-ESO-1. Pts receiving PBC less frequently developed new AAs, although pts treated with cisplatin appeared to develop AAs more frequently compared to carboplatin-treated pts. Conclusions: This is the first report of a comprehensive AA profile using a novel platform in mUC pts. The study identified multiple elevated AAs in mUC pts vs. HCs, most notably NY-ESO-1, which also developed in some pts following ICIs. Pts treated with PBC did not develop new AAs frequently, although there appeared to be a difference between cisplatin and carboplatin-based chemotherapy. Further development of this platform is warranted to provide data that is orthogonal to genomic/transcriptomic profiling and shed insights on potential therapeutically actionable antigens.
28
Burns, Madeleine D., Brittany P. Boribong, Yannic C. Bartsch, Maggie Loiselle, Kerri J. St. Denis, Maegan L. Sheehan, Jessica W. Chen, et al. "Durability and Cross-Reactivity of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine in Adolescent Children." Vaccines 10, no. 4 (March 23, 2022): 492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10040492.
Full textAbstract:
Emergent SARS-CoV-2 variants and waning humoral immunity in vaccinated individuals have resulted in increased infections and hospitalizations. Children are not spared from infection nor complications of COVID-19, and the recent recommendation for boosters in individuals ages 12 years or older calls for broader understanding of the adolescent immune profile after mRNA vaccination. We tested the durability and cross-reactivity of anti-SARS-CoV-2 serologic responses over a six-month time course in vaccinated adolescents against the SARS-CoV-2 D614G (“wild type”) and Omicron antigens. Serum from 77 adolescents showed that anti-Spike antibodies wane significantly over six months. After completion of a two-vaccine series, cross-reactivity against Omicron-specific receptor-binding domain (RBD) was seen. Functional humoral activation against wild type and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 also declines over time in vaccinated adolescent children. Evidence of waning mRNA-induced vaccine immunity underscores vulnerabilities in long-term pediatric protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection, while cross-reactivity highlights the additional benefits of vaccination. Characterization of adolescent immune signatures post-vaccination will inform guidance on vaccine platforms and timelines, and ultimately optimize immunoprotection of children.
29
Priyamvada, Lalita, Kendra M. Quicke, William H. Hudson, Nattawat Onlamoon, Jaturong Sewatanon, Srilatha Edupuganti, Kovit Pattanapanyasat, et al. "Human antibody responses after dengue virus infection are highly cross-reactive to Zika virus." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 28 (June 27, 2016): 7852–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1607931113.
Full textAbstract:
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging mosquito-borne flavivirus of significant public health concern. ZIKV shares a high degree of sequence and structural homology compared with other flaviviruses, including dengue virus (DENV), resulting in immunological cross-reactivity. Improving our current understanding of the extent and characteristics of this immunological cross-reactivity is important, as ZIKV is presently circulating in areas that are highly endemic for dengue. To assess the magnitude and functional quality of cross-reactive immune responses between these closely related viruses, we tested acute and convalescent sera from nine Thai patients with PCR-confirmed DENV infection against ZIKV. All of the sera tested were cross-reactive with ZIKV, both in binding and in neutralization. To deconstruct the observed serum cross-reactivity in depth, we also characterized a panel of DENV-specific plasmablast-derived monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for activity against ZIKV. Nearly half of the 47 DENV-reactive mAbs studied bound to both whole ZIKV virion and ZIKV lysate, of which a subset also neutralized ZIKV. In addition, both sera and mAbs from the dengue-infected patients enhanced ZIKV infection of Fc gamma receptor (FcγR)-bearing cells in vitro. Taken together, these findings suggest that preexisting immunity to DENV may impact protective immune responses against ZIKV. In addition, the extensive cross-reactivity may have implications for ZIKV virulence and disease severity in DENV-experienced populations.
30
Davidson, A., A. Smith, J. Katz, J. L. Preud'Homme, A. Solomon, and B. Diamond. "A cross-reactive idiotype on anti-DNA antibodies defines a H chain determinant present almost exclusively on IgG antibodies." Journal of Immunology 143, no. 1 (July 1, 1989): 174–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.143.1.174.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract We have previously reported two anti-idiotypic antibodies, 3I and 8.12, that recognize L chain determinants on anti-DNA antibodies. We have generated a new anti-idiotypic antibody, F4, that recognizes a H chain determinant on cationic anti-DNA antibodies. F4 reactivity is present in high titer in serum of approximately 60% of SLE patients and on 84 of 706 myeloma proteins. It is preferentially associated with 3I reactive L chains. Furthermore, antibodies bearing both the F4 and 3I idiotypic determinants preferentially bind DNA. Amino acid sequencing of H chains isolated from four F4-reactive myeloma proteins suggests that they derive from two currently identified VH gene families. F4 reactivity is restricted almost exclusively to Ig of the IgG isotype suggesting that F4 may recognize either a somatically mutated hypervariable region or a variable region used late in the immune response. F4, therefore, represents a new idiotypic family preferentially associated with auto-Ag specificity and having features of an Ag-driven immune response.
31
Grant, M. D., M. S. Weaver, C. Tsoukas, and G. W. Hoffmann. "Distribution of antibodies against denatured collagen in AIDS risk groups and homosexual AIDS patients suggests a link between autoimmunity and the immunopathogenesis of AIDS." Journal of Immunology 144, no. 4 (February 15, 1990): 1241–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.144.4.1241.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Autoimmunity often precedes the onset of AIDS-related complex or AIDS, and a number of autoantibodies have been described in AIDS patients and persons at risk for AIDS. The presence of such antibodies provokes speculation that autoimmunity is a component of AIDS pathogenesis. We report evidence of an autoantibody (anticollagen) common to all homosexual AIDS patients studied. High titer serum reactivity against collagen was detected in all homosexual AIDS patients, and in HIV+ homosexuals (66%), HIV+ i.v. drug users (38%) HIV- homosexuals (32%), HIV+ transfusion recipients (22%), and HIV+ hemophiliacs (13%), but not in HIV- i.v. drug users, HIV- transfusion recipients, HIV- hemophiliacs, rheumatoid arthritis patients, or controls. Anticollagen reactivity does not correlate with serum IgG levels, so it is not merely a reflection of polyclonal B-cell activation. Titration of anticollagen positive sera typically revealed anticollagen antibody titers 100 times those of normal sera. Affinity purification and immunoblot analysis confirmed the antibody nature of the anticollagen reactivity. The anticollagen antibodies react preferentially with primary determinants of types I and III collagen revealed after heat denaturation. Similar antibodies occur infrequently in rheumatoid arthritis patients, more often on SLE, and frequently in graft vs host disease and lepromatous leprosy. Levels of anticollagen activity in HIV+ i.v. drug users and transfusion recipients correlate with serum beta 2-microglobulin levels, suggesting that those persons with anticollagen antibodies are at greater risk of developing AIDS. This correlation, the fact that anticollagen antibodies occurred in all homosexual AIDS patients tested, and the occurrence of antibodies against denatured collagen in immune disorders with features similar to AIDS suggest these antibodies may be related to disease progression. The association of anticollagen autoantibodies with AIDS and certain other infections and immune disorders may reflect common immunopathogenic features in the etiology of these disorders.
32
Hadlock, Kenneth G., Judy Rowe, and Steven K. H. Foung. "The Humoral Immune Response to Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Envelope Glycoprotein gp46 Is Directed Primarily against Conformational Epitopes." Journal of Virology 73, no. 2 (February 1, 1999): 1205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.73.2.1205-1212.1999.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Individuals infected with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) develop a robust immune response to the surface envelope glycoprotein gp46 that is partially protective. The relative contribution of antibodies to conformation-dependent epitopes, including those mediating virus neutralization as part of the humoral immune response, is not well defined. We assess in this report the relationship between defined linear and conformational epitopes and the antibodies elicited to these domains. First, five monoclonal antibodies to linear epitopes within gp46 were evaluated for their ability to abrogate binding of three human monoclonal antibodies that inhibit HTLV-1-mediated syncytia formation and recognize conformational epitopes. Binding of antibodies to conformational epitopes was unaffected by antibodies to linear epitopes throughout the carboxy-terminal half and central domain of HTLV-1 gp46. Second, an enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay was developed and used to measure serum antibodies to native and denatured gp46 from HTLV-1-infected individuals. In sera from infected individuals, reactivity to denatured gp46 had an average of 15% of the reactivity observed to native gp46. Third, serum antibodies from 24 of 25 of HTLV-1-infected individuals inhibited binding of a neutralizing human monoclonal antibody, PRH-7A, to a conformational epitope on gp46 that is common to HTLV-1 and -2. Thus, antibodies to conformational epitopes comprise the majority of the immune response to HTLV-1 gp46, and the epitopes recognized by these antibodies do not appear to involve sequences in previously described immunodominant linear epitopes.
33
Illek, Ya Yu, M. L. Vyaznikova, N. P. Leushina, I. Yu Mischenko, L. L. Ryseva, G. V. Solovyova, E. Yu Tarasova, I. G. Suetina, and N. V. Khlebnikova. "Immunomodulating effect of magnetoinfrared laser therapy in children with chronic pyelonephritis." Perm Medical Journal 36, no. 1 (April 8, 2019): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/pmj36155-62.
Full textAbstract:
Aim. To determine the influence of magnetoinfrared laser therapy on the status of immunological reactivity in children with chronic pyelonephritis (CP).
Materials and methods. One hundred thirty children aged 8 to12 years, suffering from relapsing course of chronic pyelonephritis, were observed. Group 1 (43 patients) received complex conventional therapy, group 2 (27 patients) – complex treatment, associated with magnetoinfrared laser therapy. The blood lymphocyte population and subpopulation, blood serum immunoglobulin and circulating immune complexes content, phagocytosis indices, blood serum cytokine content was studied in children with chronic pyelonephritis at the active stage of disease, at the partial and full clinicolaboratory remission stages.
Results. The CP patients of group 1, who received complex conventional therapy, demonstrated a full, but not long clinicolaboratpory remission with preservation of marked changes in immunological reactivity parameters. In CP patients of group 2, who experienced complex treatment associated with magnetoinfrared laser therapy courses, there occurred full clinicolaboratory remission and normalization of immunological reactivity indices.
Conclusions. The results of clinical observations and special studies demonstrate high clinical, immunomodulating and antirelapsing effects of complex treatment combined with magnetoinfrared laser therapy in children with chronic pyelonephritis.
34
Martynova, Ekaterina, Shaimaa Hamza, Ekaterina E. Garanina, Emmanuel Kabwe, Maria Markelova, Venera Shakirova, Ilsiyar M. Khaertynova, et al. "Long Term Immune Response Produced by the SputnikV Vaccine." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 20 (October 18, 2021): 11211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222011211.
Full textAbstract:
SputnikV is a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 developed by the Gamaleya National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology. The vaccine has been shown to induce both humoral and cellular immune responses, yet the mechanisms remain largely unknown. Forty SputnikV vaccinated individuals were included in this study which aimed to demonstrate the location of immunogenic domains of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein using an overlapping peptide library. Additionally, cytokines in the serum of vaccinated and convalescent COVID-19 patients were analyzed. We have found antibodies from both vaccinated and convalescent sera bind to immunogenic regions located in multiple domains of SARS-CoV-2 S protein, including Receptor Binding Domain (RBD), N-terminal Domain (NTD), Fusion Protein (FP) and Heptad Repeats (HRs). Interestingly, many peptides were recognized by immunized and convalescent serum antibodies and correspond to conserved regions in circulating variants of SARS-CoV-2. This breadth of reactivity was still evident 90 days after the first dose of the vaccine, showing that the vaccine has induced a prolonged response. As evidenced by the activation of T cells, cellular immunity strongly suggests the high potency of the SputnikV vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
35
Van Zon, A. A. J. C., W. M. C. Eling, and C. C. Hermsen. "Pregnancy-induced recrudescences strengthen malarial immunity in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei." Parasitology 91, no. 1 (August 1985): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003118200005647x.
Full textAbstract:
A considerable proportion of mice lose acquired immunity to Plasmodium berghei during the first pregnancy. Immune parous mice, however, have a better immune status than virgin mice, the risk of loss of immunity during a subsequent pregnancy is greatly reduced, the capacity to clear parasites is enhanced, and the maintenance of immunity is less dependent on certain splenic functions. The establishment of improved immunity is dependent on the presence of proliferating parasites during the second half of pregnancy when immunosup pression results in recrudescence. Immune reactivity is also improved after a (chemothera peutically controlled) recrudescent infection provoked by immunosuppressive treatment of immune mice with corticoids or anti-T cell serum. This mimics the situation encountered during pregnancy. Hence, improved immunity after pregnancy is a consequence of a reconfrontation of a suppressed and/or convalescent immune system with proliferating parasites.
36
Rook, A. H., H. C. Lane, T. Folks, S. McCoy, H. Alter, and A. S. Fauci. "Sera from HTLV-III/LAV antibody-positive individuals mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against HTLV-III/LAV-infected T cells." Journal of Immunology 138, no. 4 (February 15, 1987): 1064–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.138.4.1064.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The causative agent of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has been shown to be a human retrovirus called human T lymphotropic virus (HTLV)-III or lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV). The nature of the protective immune response against this virus is currently unknown. We report here results using an antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) assay which has been developed for measuring a specific immune response against HTLV-III/LAV. Forty-four sera were examined for their ability to mediate ADCC against HTLV-III/LAV-infected T cells. Sera from healthy HTLV-III/LAV seropositive individuals in the presence of mononuclear cells from healthy HTLV-III/LAV seronegative donors exhibited significantly higher levels of ADCC activity compared to sera from patients with AIDS. Western blot analysis of serum samples indicated that antibody reactivity with the p24 protein of HTLV-III/LAV correlated with higher levels of ADCC activity than did reactivity with Gp120/160. The observation that sera from healthy HTLV-III/LAV seropositive individuals mediated higher levels of ADCC activity than did sera obtained from subjects with AIDS suggests that ADCC may represent a protective immune response to infection with HTLV-III/LAV.
37
Kreutz, Luiz C., Raíssa Canova, Cristian O. Nied, Márcia Bortoluzzi, and Rafael Frandoloso. "Characterization of an IgM-like immunoglobulin from silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) serum and its use for the production of polyclonal antibodies and development of immunoassays." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 36, no. 9 (September 2016): 819–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2016000900005.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract: Knowledge on fish immunoglobulin (Ig) characteristics and the availability of monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies to fish Igs are essential to evaluate the humoral immune response and the Ig distribution on leukocyte cells. We demonstrated that silver catfish serum Ig is composed of one immunodominant H chain with approximately 75k Da and one L chain with approximately 28 kDa, similar to human IgM. Rabbit polyclonal antibodies to the catfish IgM-like Ig recognized both the H and L chain and were useful in developing an indirect ELISA to measure the production of antibodies in fish immunized with bovine serum albumin. Dot blot and western blot cross-reactivity studies indicated a wide degree of epitope sharing amongst Ig from several Siluriformes and Characiformes fish indigenous to Brazilian rivers. In these fish species, polyclonal antibodies reacted mostly with the H chain. The results presented here are central to the development of tools and strategies to investigate the antibody production to inoculated antigens and tissue distribution of Ig molecules in native fish species. Furthermore, because of the wide range of cross-reactivity, polyclonal antibodies to silver catfish IgM-like Ig might be used to develop immunoassays to measure the humoral immune response in other fish species.
38
Frumence, Etienne, Juliano G. Haddad, Bénédicte Vanwalscappel, Jessica Andries, Jason Decotter, Wildriss Viranaicken, Gilles Gadea, and Philippe Desprès. "Immune Reactivity of a 20-mer Peptide Representing the Zika E Glycan Loop Involves the Antigenic Determinants E-152/156/158." Viruses 12, no. 11 (November 5, 2020): 1258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12111258.
Full textAbstract:
Mosquito-borne Zika virus (ZIKV) causes a severe congenital syndrome and neurological disorders in humans. With the aim to develop a live-attenuated ZIKV strain, we generated a chimeric viral clone ZIKALIVax with African MR766-NIID strain as backbone and the envelope E protein of epidemic Brazilian BeH810915 strain. The MR766-NIID residues E-T152/I156/Y158 were introduced into BeH810915 E protein leading to a nonglycosylated ZIKALIVax. Recently, we reported that the residues E-152/156/158 that are part of ZIKV glycan loop (GL) region might have an impact on the availability of neutralizing antibody epitopes on ZIKV surface. In the present study, we evaluated the antigenic reactivity of a synthetic 20-mer peptide representing the ZIKALIVax GL region. The GL-related peptide was effective for the detection of GL-reactive antibody in mouse anti-ZIKALIVax immune serum. We showed that the residue E-158 influences the antigenic reactivity of GL-related peptide. The ZIKALIVax peptide was effective in generating mouse antibodies with reactivity against a recombinant E domain I that encompasses the GL region. The GL peptide-reactive antibodies revealed that antigenic reactivity of E-domain I may be impacted by both residues E-152 and E-156. In conclusion, we proposed a role for the residues E-152/156/158 as key antigenic determinants of ZIKV glycan loop region.
39
Imam, S. A., E. F. Esteban, L. L. Young, and C. R. Taylor. "Generation of a murine monoclonal antibody to normal mammary epithelium using mice rendered immune-tolerant to malignant mammary epithelium." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 42, no. 5 (May 1994): 585–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/42.5.7512585.
Full textAbstract:
A monoclonal antibody (MAb) that distinguishes normal from malignant mammary epithelia in tissue or cell lines was generated using a procedure that involved immune-tolerization before immunization. Immune-tolerance to two transformed mammary epithelial cell lines (MCF.7 and MDA.MB.231 cell lines combined) was induced in neonatal mice within 24 hr of birth. Successful induction of immune-tolerance was determined by an indirect immunohistological method, testing sera from mice against the tolerogen (i.e., the MCF.7 and MDA.MB.231 cell lines). Mice lacking antibodies in their sera against the immune-tolerogen were subsequently immunized with an extract of normal breast epithelium. One mouse was selected for hybridoma production based on evidence of serum antibody that showed reactivity with normal mammary epithelial cells (MEC) but not with invasive breast carcinoma cells, as determined by an indirect immunohistological method. Spleen cells from the selected mouse were fused with a mouse myeloma cell line to generate MAb. After extensive screening, one MAb was further studied on the basis of reactivity with normal MEC in tissue and absence of staining of malignant MEC in tissue or tumorigenic MEC lines. This test of specificity of reactivity revealed that the antigen detected by the specific antibody was expressed on the apical plasma membrane of normal glandular epithelia that included breast, cervix, colon, lung, pancreas, and stomach, but not on their malignant counterparts in tissue sections. The antigen recognized by the MAb was termed luminal epithelial antigen with an apparent MW of 92 KD (LEA.92). This study illustrates the practical usefulness of the immune-tolerization/immunization approach in the generation of antibodies with particular specificity requirements, as in the identification of an antigen that is differentially expressed in two tissues (e.g., normal and malignant) which otherwise have a multiplicity of antigens in common.
40
Mintz, Paul J., Anna Cecilia Rietz, Marina Cardó-Vila, Michael G. Ozawa, Eleonora Dondossola, Kim-Anh Do, Jeri Kim, et al. "Discovery and horizontal follow-up of an autoantibody signature in human prostate cancer." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 8 (February 9, 2015): 2515–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1500097112.
Full textAbstract:
In response to an urgent need for improved diagnostic and predictive serum biomarkers for management of metastatic prostate cancer, we used phage display fingerprinting to analyze sequentially acquired serum samples from a patient with advancing prostate cancer. We identified a peptide ligand, CTFAGSSC, demonstrating an increased recovery frequency over time. Serum antibody reactivity to this peptide epitope increased in the index patient, in parallel with development of deteriorating symptoms. The antigen mimicking the peptide epitope was identified as alpha-2–Heremans–Schmid glycoprotein, also known as fetuin-A. Metastatic prostate cancer cell lines and bone metastasis samples displayed robust fetuin-A expression, and we demonstrated serum immune reactivity to fetuin-A with concomitant development of metastatic castrate-resistant disease in a large cohort of prostate cancer patients. Whereas fetuin-A is an established tumor antigen in several types of cancer, including breast cancer, glioblastoma, and pancreas cancer, this report is to our knowledge the first study implicating fetuin-A in prostate cancer and indicating that autoantibodies specific for fetuin-A show utility as a prognostic indicator for prostate cancer patients prone to progress to metastatic disease.
41
Murphy, Juneann W., Fredda Schafer, Arturo Casadevall, and Adekunle Adesina. "Antigen-Induced Protective and Nonprotective Cell-Mediated Immune Components against Cryptococcus neoformans." Infection and Immunity 66, no. 6 (June 1, 1998): 2632–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.66.6.2632-2639.1998.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Mice immunized with two different cryptococcal antigen preparations, one a soluble culture filtrate antigen (CneF) in complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) and the other heat-killed Cryptococcus neoformans cells (HKC), develop two different profiles of activated T cells. CneF-CFA induces CD4+ T cells responsible for delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactivity and for amplification of the anticryptococcal DTH response, whereas HKC induce CD4+ and CD8+ T cells involved in anticryptococcal DTH reactivity and activated T cells which directly kill C. neoformans cells. The main purpose of this study was to assess the level of protection afforded by each of the two different T-cell profiles against challenge with viable C. neoformans cells, thereby identifying which activated T-cell profile provides better protection. CBA/J mice immunized with CneF-CFA had significantly better protective responses, based on better clearance of C. neoformans from tissues, on longer survival times, and on fewer and smaller lesions in the brain, than HKC-immunized mice or control mice similarly infected with C. neoformans. Both immunization protocols induced an anticryptococcal DTH response, but neither induced serum antibodies to glucuronoxylmannan, so the protection observed in the CneF-CFA immunized mice was due to the activated T-cell profile induced by that protocol. HKC-immunized mice, which displayed no greater protection than controls, did not have the amplifier cells. Based on our findings, we propose that the protective anticryptococcal T cells are the CD4+ T cells which have been shown to be responsible for DTH reactivity and/or the CD4+ T cells which amplify the DTH response and which have been previously shown to produce high levels of gamma interferon and interleukin 2. Our results imply that there are protective and nonprotective cell-mediated immune responses and highlight the complexity of the immune response to C. neoformans antigens.
42
Rabinowitz, Keren, Michal Navon, Hadar Edelman-Klapper, Eran Zittan, Ariella Bar-Gil Shitrit, Idan Goren, Irit Avni-Biron, et al. "Anti-TNFα Treatment Impairs Long-Term Immune Responses to COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases." Vaccines 10, no. 8 (July 26, 2022): 1186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10081186.
Full textAbstract:
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treated with anti-tumor-necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) exhibited lower serologic responses one-month following the second dose of the COVID-19 BNT162b2 vaccine compared to those not treated with anti-TNFα (non-anti-TNFα) or to healthy controls (HCs). We comprehensively analyzed long-term humoral responses, including anti-spike (S) antibodies, serum inhibition, neutralization, cross-reactivity and circulating B cell six months post BNT162b2, in patients with IBD stratified by therapy compared to HCs. Subjects enrolled in a prospective, controlled, multi-center Israeli study received two BNT162b2 doses. Anti-S levels, functional activity, specific B cells, antigen cross-reactivity, anti-nucleocapsid levels, adverse events and IBD disease score were detected longitudinally. In total, 240 subjects, 151 with IBD (94 not treated with anti-TNFα and 57 treated with anti-TNFα) and 89 HCs participated. Six months after vaccination, patients with IBD treated with anti-TNFα had significantly impaired BNT162b2 responses, specifically, more seronegativity, decreased specific circulating B cells and cross-reactivity compared to patients untreated with anti-TNFα. Importantly, all seronegative subjects were patients with IBD; of those, >90% were treated with anti-TNFα. Finally, IBD activity was unaffected by BNT162b2. Altogether these data support the earlier booster dose administration in these patients.
43
Khandige, Prasanna Shama, K. M. Shankar, P. Suresh Babu, Vandana Sadananda, and S. Gowrish. "Isolation, Production, and Characterization of Serum Immunoglobulin M (IgM) of Indian Major Carp Cirrhinus mrigal (MRIGAL)." Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 2022 (December 20, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2339924.
Full textAbstract:
A method for the isolation of immunoglobulin M (IgM) in Indian major carp Cirrhinus mrigal (mrigal) serum to produce polyclonal antibodies is described in the present study. The purified immunoglobulins (IgM) were isolated from the serum of mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigal) by the bovine serum albumin (BSA)-CL affinity column purification method, and the IgM was used to produce a polyclonal rabbit anti-mrigal IgM antiserum. The IgM preparations were employed in the characterization of mrigal serum immunoglobulin. Reduced mrigal IgM on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was shown to consist of two subunits, compatible with heavy and light chains. A single heavy chain at approximately 90 kDa and variant of light chain 30 kDa were found. The dominant form of nonreduced IgM had a MW of approximately 900 kDa, suggesting a tetrameric structure based on estimated molecular weights, the relative protein content, and the reactivity with anti-mrigal IgM antisera, was obtained. The antisera were characterized as to specificity and reactivity by means of the enzyme linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) and western blotting method. The information on the structure and character of immunoglobulin of fishes is essential in health management. The study described here investigates the possibility of using the serological techniques to assess the reactivity of antibody with the anti-mrigal IgM antisera.
44
Talja, Ija, Anna-Liisa Kubo, Riitta Veijola, Mikael Knip, Olli Simell, Jorma Ilonen, Mari Vähä-Mäkilä, et al. "Antibodies to Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria in Young Children with Different Propensity to Develop Islet Autoimmunity." Journal of Immunology Research 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/325938.
Full textAbstract:
The intestinal microbiota is essential to the maturation and homeostasis of the immune system. Immunoblot assays were used to establish the prevalence of serum IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies specific forBifidobacterium adolescentis,Bifidobacterium longum, andLactobacillus rhamnosusGG proteins in young children presenting with or without type 1 diabetes (T1D). We demonstrated that children between the ages of 6 and 12 months had a substantial increase in the frequency of IgG antibodies specific forL. rhamnosusGG proteins. We measured IgG, IgM, and IgA class antibody reactivity againstB. adolescentisDSM 20083,B. adolescentisDSM 20086, andB. longumDSM 20088 proteins demonstrating significantly higher IgA responses againstB. adolescentisDSM 20083 strain proteins in children who developed islet autoimmunity and T1D later in life.B. adolescentisstrains showed more IgM type antibodies in children who developed T1D later in life, but the difference was not statistically significant.B. longumproteins were recognized by IgG and IgA antibodies to a higher extent compared to other bacteria studied. These results confirm that differences in immune reactivity against some commensal strains in young children may represent a different risk factor for developing T1D.
45
Diós, Ádám, Rita Elek, Ildikó Szabó, Szilvia Horváth, Judit Gyimesi, Róbert Király, Katharina Werkstetter, Sibylle Koletzko, László Fésüs, and Ilma R. Korponay-Szabó. "Gamma-gliadin specific celiac disease antibodies recognize p31-43 and p57-68 alpha gliadin peptides in deamidation related manner as a result of cross-reaction." Amino Acids 53, no. 7 (May 31, 2021): 1051–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00726-021-03006-7.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractCeliac disease (CeD) is a T-cell-dependent enteropathy with autoimmune features where tissue transglutaminase (TG2)-mediated posttranslational modification of gliadin peptides has a decisive role in the pathomechanism. The humoral immune response is reported to target mainly TG2-deamidated γ-gliadin peptides. However, α-gliadin peptides, like p57-68, playing a crucial role in the T-cell response, and p31-43, a major trigger of innate responses, also contain B-cell gliadin epitopes and γ-gliadin like motifs. We aimed to identify if there are anti-gliadin-specific antibodies in CeD patients targeting the p31-43 and p57-68 peptides and to examine whether deamidation of these peptides could increase their antigenicity. We explored TG2-mediated deamidation of the p31-43 and p57-68 peptides, and investigated serum antibody reactivity toward the native and deamidated α and γ-gliadin peptides in children with confirmed CeD and in prospectively followed infants at increased risk for developing CeD. We affinity-purified antibody populations utilizing different single peptide gliadin antigens and tested their binding preferences for cross-reactivity in real-time interaction assays based on bio-layer interferometry. Our results demonstrate that there is serum reactivity toward p31-43 and p57-68 peptides, which is due to cross-reactive γ-gliadin specific antibodies. These γ-gliadin specific antibodies represent the first appearing antibody population in infancy and they dominate the serum reactivity of CeD patients even later on and without preference for deamidation. However, for the homologous epitope sequences in α-gliadins shorter than the core QPEQPFP heptapeptide, deamidation facilitates antibody recognition. These findings reveal the presence of cross-reactive antibodies in CeD patients recognizing the disease-relevant α-gliadins.
46
Cepeda, Mariana V., Juan C. Jiménez, Flor H. Pujol, Héctor R. Rangel, Carlos Bello, José Cubillan, María L. Serrano, et al. "Production of equine sera as a potential immunotherapy against COVID-19." Investigación Clínica 62 (July 30, 2021): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22209/ic.v62s2a01.
Full textAbstract:
Emerging viruses such as the COVID-19-inducing virus, SARSCoV- 2, represent a threat to human health, unless effective vaccines, drugs or alternative treatments, such as passive immunization, become accessible. Animal-derived immunoglobulins, such as equine immunoglobulins might be useful as immunoprophylaxis or immunotherapy against this viral disease. Therapeutic antibodies (Abs) for SARS-CoV-2 were obtained from hyperimmune equine plasma using the Spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD) as an immunogen. The presence of anti-RBD antibodies was evaluated by ELISA and the titres of neutralizing antibodies were determined in viral cell culture. Immunized horses generated high-titre of anti-RBD antibodies with antiviral neutralizing activity on Vero-E6 cells of 1/1,000. To minimize potential adverse effects, the immunoglobulins were digested with pepsin, and purified to obtain the F(ab’)2 fragments with the protocol standardized by Biotecfar C.A for the production of snake antivenom. Pre-immune serum displayed an unexpected anti-RBD reactivity by ELISA (titre up to 1/900) and Western Blot, but no angioneutralizing activity. Modelling of the RBD of equine coronavirus showed that some of the known epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 RBD were structurally conserved in the equine coronavirus protein. This might suggest that some of the reactivity observed in the pre-immune serum to the SARS-CoV-2 RBD might be due to a previous exposure to equine coronavirus.
47
Parra, Gabriel, Karin Bok, Ross Taylor, Joel Haynes, Stanislav Sosnovtsev, Charles Richardson, and Kim Green. "Immunogenicity and specificity of Norovirus Consensus GII.4 virus-like particles in monovalent and bivalent vaccine formulations (113.27)." Journal of Immunology 188, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2012): 113.27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.188.supp.113.27.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Noroviruses, a major cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide, present antigenic diversity that must be considered for the development of an effective vaccine. In this study, we explored approaches to increase the broad reactivity of virus-like particle (VLP) norovirus vaccine candidates. The immunogenicity of a GII.4 “Consensus” VLP that was engineered from sequences of three distinct naturally-occurring GII.4 strains was examined for its ability to induce cross-reactive immune responses against different noroviruses. Rabbits immunized with GII.4 Consensus VLPs developed high serum antibody titers against VLPs derived from a number of distinct wild-type GII.4 viruses Because the sera exhibited low cross-reactivity with antigenically-distinct GI norovirus strains, we investigated the serum antibody response to a bivalent vaccine formulation containing GI.1 and GII.4 Consensus VLPs that was administered to animals under varying conditions. In these studies, the highest homologous and heterologous antibody titers to the bivalent vaccine were elicited following immunization of animals by the IM route using Alhydrogel as adjuvant. Our data indicate that the use of both genetically-engineered norovirus VLPs that incorporate relevant epitopes from multiple strains and multivalent vaccine formulations increase the breadth of the immune response to diverse variants within a genotype and, thus, prove helpful in the rational design of VLP-based vaccines against human noroviruses.
48
Ghannam, K., H. Bang, T. Häupl, S. Ohrndorf, J. Zernicke, U. Kuckelkorn, E. Feist, and G. R. Burmester. "AB0075 IDENTIFICATION OF NOVEL ACETYLATED ANTIGENS IN IMMUNE COMPLEXES OF SYNOVIAL FLUID FROM RA PATIENTS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 81, Suppl 1 (May 23, 2022): 1169.2–1170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.2689.
Full textAbstract:
BackgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by genetic predisposition and associated immunological features including the production of autoantibodies against various epitopes. Several pathways have been implicated in the induction of autoantibodies against novel epitopes through post-translational modifications such as citrullination, carbamylation and acetylation (1). However, the contributions of these anti-modified protein antibodies (AMPAs) in the pathogenesis and formation of immune complexes (IC) in the synovial fluid has not been fully uncovered.ObjectivesTo analyze reactivity of monomeric and IC antibodies of RA patients to citrullinated, carbamylated and acetylated modified antigens in comparison to disease control group and healthy donors.MethodsSynovial fluid (SF) was collected from 17 RA patients and 40 individuals from a disease control group (CG) including reactive arthritis and psoriasis arthritis. Paired serum and SF samples were used from 16 RA and 19 CG compared to serum from 70 healthy donors (HD). Immune complexes (IC) were purified from sera and SF by applying a technique using purified human C1q, which was immobilised on magnetic tosylactivated microparticles (Dynabeads M-280) according to the manufacturer’s recommendations for activation of amine groups. Additionally, sucrose gradient centrifugation was used to fractionate SF and sera into 21 fractions and according to protein markers, protein G was used to isolate monomeric IgG from fractions 3-9 and IC IgG from fractions 11-22. ELISA kits for anti CCP-IgG, anti-mutated citrullinated vimentin (MCV)-IgG, anti-acetylated Lysine Antibody (anti-HC55)-IgG and anti-carbamylated vimentin (carbVim)-IgG were used to test reactivity against modified proteins. Extracted antigens from the IC were investigated with Western blot for specific modifications or individual antigens with the corresponding antibodies. Citrullinated and acetylated vimentin was identified as part of IC via mass spectroscopy. Purified AMPAs from serum or SF (isolated from IC or as soluble antibodies) were investigated on a custom-made LineBlot array containing 24 different antigens either citrullinated, carbamylated, acetylated or unmodified/native counterparts.ResultsTiters of anti-CCP, anti-MCV and anti-acetylated (anti-HC55) reactivity were higher in SF of RA patients compared to CG. AMPAs were detected in SF in IC as well as free antibodies. Some isolated IgG (monomeric and IC) showed reactivities against citrullinated and acetylated peptides that could not be detected in native samples. Surprisingly, in addition to citrullinated vimentin, the acetelylated form was also detected in the IC eluted fractions. Haptoglobin and fibrinogen fragments were identified as carbamylated modified proteins in small concentrations. The spectrum of identified acetylated proteins included human proteins such as histones as well as fragments of bacterial filament proteins. SF of RA patients showed reactivity against MCV and citrullinated desmin in LineBlot array.ConclusionAMPAs recognize different modified antigens and form immune complexes in the SF of RA patients. The elevated titer of anti-acetylated protein antibodies and the inclusion of its epitope in immune complexes in the synovium points to its contribution in the pathogenesis of RA.Figure 1.The identification of acetylated antigens in the synovium of RA patients is especially intriguing, as infections (bacteria) are known to not only acetylate their own proteins, but also modify host proteins.References[1]Grönwall C, Liljefors L, Bang H, et al. A Comprehensive Evaluation of the Relationship Between Different IgG and IgA Anti-Modified Protein Autoantibodies in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol. 2021;12:627986-.AcknowledgementsThis work was supported by a grant from DFG.Disclosure of InterestsKhetam Ghannam: None declared, Holger Bang Employee of: Employee of ORGENTEC Diagnostika GmbH, Thomas Häupl: None declared, Sarah Ohrndorf: None declared, Jan Zernicke: None declared, Ulrike Kuckelkorn: None declared, Eugen Feist: None declared, Gerd Rüdiger Burmester: None declared
49
Zhelavskyi, M. M. "Changes in the immunobiological reactivity of the organism of cows in the pathogenesis of mastitis." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 20, no. 83 (February 26, 2018): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet8315.
Full textAbstract:
Immunobiological aspects of the pathogenesis of mastitis of cows of the Ukrainian black-and-white breed are considered in the article. Based on the relevance of the topic, the aim of our work was to study the functional state of nonspecific immunobiological resistance and the specific immunobiological reactivity of the cows' organism during the development of mastitis. The features of the manifestation of immune reactions in the organism of animals in the development of subclinical and purulent-catarrhal mastitis have been studied. Clinical and experimental studies were conducted in Ukrainian farms (Khmelnytsky and Vinnytsia region). Laboratory studies were carried out in the specialized laboratory of immunology of animal reproduction of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the Podilsky State Agrarian and Technical University (Ukraine). Three groups of animals were formed to conduct clinical and experimental studies. As a result, it was found that subclinical mastitis of cows is accompanied by a change in the immunobiological reactivity. Purulent-catarrhal mastitis in cows was manifested by significant changes in the parameters of nonspecific immunological reactivity. The pathological process was accompanied by a sharp decrease in bactericidal activity of blood serum (P < 0.01), as well as by suppression of phagocytic reactivity of immunocompetent blood cells. In parallel with this, there was an increase in lysozyme activity of blood serum (P < 0.01), which was associated with active degranulation and neutrophil lysis. Obviously, microphages actively migrate to the zone of the pathological process and exhibit active phagocytosis, which was accompanied by partial excretion of cytoplasmic lysozyme. In the peripheral blood of cows with subclinical mastitis, the number of reactive microphages increased sharply (P < 0.001). Simultaneously, the number of activated phagocytes with myeloperoxidase granules also increased in the peripheral blood (P < 0.01). Activation of intra-leukocyte lysozyme phagocytic cells was less intensive. Subclinical udder pathology was accompanied by an increase in the number of degranulated cells (P < 0.001), which is one of the specific properties of cytomorphological changes in programmed death (apoptosis). Subclinical inflammation of the mammary glands mastitis of cows was accompanied by a certain decrease in the number of T-lymphocytes (P < 0.001). Clinical and experimental studies have shown that subclinical and purulent-catarrhal mastitis of cows undergo significant changes in systemic immunity. In the pathophysiological model of subclinical and purulent-catarrhal mastitis, the functional state of the T-link of specific immunity was disturbed, the bactericidal activity of blood serum and phagocytosis were suppressed, which occurred against the background of changes in the cytochemical reactivity of phagocytic cells circulating immune complexes and molecules with an average molecular weigh.
50
Burazor, Ivana, and Aristo Vojdani. "Chronic Exposure to Oral Pathogens and Autoimmune Reactivity in Acute Coronary Atherothrombosis." Autoimmune Diseases 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/613157.
Full textAbstract:
Background. It has been hypothesized that various infective agents may activate immune reactions as part of the atherosclerotic process. We aimed to investigate the interrelationship between chronic exposure to oral pathogens and immune-inflammatory response in patients with acute coronary atherothrombosis.Patients and Methods. The study included 200 participants from Serbia: 100 patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI), and 100 age- and sex-matched controls. Antibodies to oral anaerobes and aerobes were determined as well as autoantibodies to endothelial cells, beta-2 glycoprotein I, platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa and anticardiolipin. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured.Results. The mean serum antibodies to oral anaerobes tended to be higher among subjects with MI (0.876 ± 0.303 versus 0.685 ± 0.172 OD,P<0.001). Similarly, antibody levels against oral aerobes in patients were significantly different from controls. Antibodies against endothelial cell, beta-2 glycoprotein I, platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa, anticardiolipin along with CRP and IL-6 were highly elevated in patients. The levels of antibodies to oral bacteria showed linear correlation with tissue antibodies, CRP and IL-6.Conclusion. Antibody response to chronic oral bacterial infections and host immune response against them may be responsible for the elevation of tissue antibodies and biomarkers of inflammation which are involved in acute coronary thrombosis development.