Relevant bibliographies by topics / Immune Impact

Academic literature on the topic 'Immune Impact'

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Published: 1 April 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Immune Impact"

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Mahmood, Zaid Khawam. "Organizational Virtuousness and their Impact in Organizational Immune System: Analytical Research." Revista Gestão Inovação e Tecnologias 11, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 771–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.47059/revistageintec.v11i3.1974.

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Maggiorani, Damien, and Christian Beauséjour. "Senescence and Aging: Does It Impact Cancer Immunotherapies?" Cells 10, no. 7 (June 22, 2021): 1568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10071568.

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Cancer incidence increases drastically with age. Of the many possible reasons for this, there is the accumulation of senescent cells in tissues and the loss of function and proliferation potential of immune cells, often referred to as immuno-senescence. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), by invigorating immune cells, have the potential to be a game-changers in the treatment of cancer. Yet, the variability in the efficacy of ICI across patients and cancer types suggests that several factors influence the success of such inhibitors. There is currently a lack of clinical studies measuring the impact of aging and senescence on ICI-based therapies. Here, we review how cellular senescence and aging, either by directly altering the immune system fitness or indirectly through the modification of the tumor environment, may influence the cancer-immune response.
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Albonici, Loredana, Monica Benvenuto, Chiara Focaccetti, Loredana Cifaldi, Martino Tony Miele, Federica Limana, Vittorio Manzari, and Roberto Bei. "PlGF Immunological Impact during Pregnancy." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 22 (November 18, 2020): 8714. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21228714.

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During pregnancy, the mother’s immune system has to tolerate the persistence of paternal alloantigens without affecting the anti-infectious immune response. Consequently, several mechanisms aimed at preventing allograft rejection, occur during a pregnancy. In fact, the early stages of pregnancy are characterized by the correct balance between inflammation and immune tolerance, in which proinflammatory cytokines contribute to both the remodeling of tissues and to neo-angiogenesis, thus, favoring the correct embryo implantation. In addition to the creation of a microenvironment able to support both immunological privilege and angiogenesis, the trophoblast invades normal tissues by sharing the same behavior of invasive tumors. Next, the activation of an immunosuppressive phase, characterized by an increase in the number of regulatory T (Treg) cells prevents excessive inflammation and avoids fetal immuno-mediated rejection. When these changes do not occur or occur incompletely, early pregnancy failure follows. All these events are characterized by an increase in different growth factors and cytokines, among which one of the most important is the angiogenic growth factor, namely placental growth factor (PlGF). PlGF is initially isolated from the human placenta. It is upregulated during both pregnancy and inflammation. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the immunomodulatory effects of PlGF during pregnancy, warranting that both innate and adaptive immune cells properly support the early events of implantation and placental development. Furthermore, we highlight how an alteration of the immune response, associated with PlGF imbalance, can induce a hypertensive state and lead to the pre-eclampsia (PE).
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Elkhal, Abdallah, Hector Rodriguez Cetina Biefer, and Miguel A. de la Fuente. "Impact of Metabolism on Immune Responses." Journal of Immunology Research 2018 (July 26, 2018): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5069316.

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Alegre, Maria‐Luisa. "Immune impact of commensals versus pathobionts." American Journal of Transplantation 20, no. 4 (March 28, 2020): 913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajt.15840.

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Conti, Pio, Lucia Tettamanti, Filiberto Mastrangelo, Gianpaolo Ronconi, Ilias Frydas, Spiros K. Kritas, Alessandro Caraffa, and Franco Pandolfi. "Impact of Fungi on Immune Responses." Clinical Therapeutics 40, no. 6 (June 2018): 885–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinthera.2018.04.010.

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Tavasolian, F. "The Impact of Immune Cell-derived Exosomes on Immune Response Initiation and Immune System Function." Current Pharmaceutical Design 27, no. 2 (June 2021): 2545–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/13816128mtey5mtqmy.

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Tavasolian, Fataneh. "The Impact of Immune Cell-derived Exosomes on Immune Response Initiation and Immune System Function." Current Pharmaceutical Design 27, no. 2 (2021): 197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/18734286mteyimtqcy.

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Jang, Jiyoung, Dae-Hyoun Lim, and In-Hong Choi. "The Impact of Nanomaterials in Immune System." Immune Network 10, no. 3 (2010): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4110/in.2010.10.3.85.

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Engelmann, Flora. "The Impact of Menopause on Immune Senescence." Open Longevity Science 6, no. 1 (June 2012): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1876326x01206010101.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Immune Impact"

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Warnatsch, Annika. "Impact of proteasomal immune adaptation on the early immune response to viral infection." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16775.

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Im Kampf gegen eine Virusinfektion spielen CD8+ T Zellen des adaptiven Immunsystems eine besondere Rolle. Sie patroullieren im Körper und entdecken spezifische Virusepitope, welche mittels MHC Klasse I Molekülen auf der Oberfläche infizierter Zellen präsentiert werden. Wird eine virus-infizierte Zelle erkannt, kann diese schnell und effizient eliminiert. Für die Generierung viraler Peptide, welche auf MHC Klasse I Komplexe geladen werden, ist das Ubiquitin-Proteasom-System von essentieller Bedeutung. Kürzlich wurden weitere Funktionen des Immunoproteasoms aufgedeckt wie zum Beispiel der Schutz gegen oxidativen Stress. Innerhalb der vorliegenden Arbeit konnte die Fähigkeit des Immunoproteasoms gegen eine Akkumulation oxidativ geschädigter Proteine zu schützen mit der Generierung von MHC Klasse I Liganden kombiniert und neu interpretiert werden. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass während einer Virusinfektion in Nicht-Immunzellen die Produktion reaktiver Sauerstoffspezies durch die alternative NADPH Oxidase Nox4 eine bedeutende Rolle spielt. Die Aktivierung von Nox4 resultiert in der Akkumulation oxidativ geschädigter Proteine. Innerhalb von zwei Stunden nach dem Eintreten von Viruspartikeln in die Zellen wurden strukturelle Virusproteine oxidiert und anschließend ubiquityliert. Die gleichzeitige, virus-induzierte Expression von Immunoproteasomen führte zu einem schnellen und effizienten Abbau ubiquitylierter Virusantigene. Infolgedessen konnten immundominante Virusepitope vermehrt freigesetzt werden. Folglich wurde ein soweit unbekannter Mechanismus gefunden, welcher Substrate für das Proteasom zur Generierung von MHC Klasse I Liganden bereitstellt. Zusammenfassend konnte innerhalb dieser Arbeit gezeigt werden, dass das Immunoproteasom den Schutz vor oxidativen Stress mit der Generierung antigener Peptide verbindet, wodurch eine effektive adaptive Immunantwort etabliert werden kann.
An efficient immune control of virus infection is predominantly mediated by CD8+ T cells which patrol through the body and eliminate infected cells. Infected cells are recognized when they present viral antigenic peptides on their surface via MHC class I molecules. To make antigenic peptides available for loading on MHC class I complexes, the ubiquitin proteasome system plays a crucial role. Moreover, the induction of the i-proteasome is known to support the generation of MHC class I ligands. Recently, new functions of the i-proteasome have been discovered. Evidence is increasing that the i-proteasome is involved in the protection of cells against oxidative stress. Within this thesis the characteristic of the i-proteasome to protect cells against the accumulation of oxidant-damaged proteins could be linked to its role in improving the generation of MHC class I ligands. It could be demonstrated that during a virus infection in non-immune cells the production of reactive oxygen species by the alternative NADPH oxidase Nox4 is of critical importance resulting in the accumulation of potentially toxic oxidant-damaged proteins. Indeed, within two hours of infection structural virus proteins were oxidized and subsequently poly-ubiquitylated. The concomitant formation of i-proteasomes led to a rapid and efficient degradation of ubiquitylated virus antigens thereby improving the liberation of immunodominant viral epitopes. In conclusion, a so far unknown mechanism to fuel proteasomal substrates into the MHC class I antigen presentation pathway has been revealed. A new protein pool consisting of exogenously delivered viral proteins provides proteasomal substrates in the very early phase of a virus infection. Within the scope of this thesis the i-proteasome has been shown to link the protection against oxidative stress, initiated directly by pathogen recognition, with the generation of antigenic peptides. Together, an effective adaptive immune response is triggered.
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Kühl, Thomas. "Pathogenic impact of immune-related cells in Batten disease." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2012. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/pathogenic-impact-of-immunerelated-cells-in-batten-disease(ff86b71b-e859-4d91-a378-421eab71ae97).html.

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The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs or Batten disease) are inherited neurodegenerative diseases of children. In all types of NCL glial activation, the innate immune response of the brain, precedes neurodegeneration. However, it is unclear whether adaptive immune responses are also involved in these diseases, or if they directly contribute to disease pathogenesis. Therefore, we examined the role of adaptive immune cells in mouse models of Infantile NCL (Ppt1-/- mice) and Juvenile NCL (Cln3-/- mice) by identifying, localising, and subsequently genetically removing immune components. Characterising the adaptive immune response within Ppt1-/- and Cln3-/- mice, we revealed evidence for progressive CNS infiltration by different classes of T-cells in both forms of NCL. To analyse the pathogenic impact of these lymphocytes, we crossbred PptP/- mutants with mice deficient in Rag-1, which lack T- and B-lymphocytes. Disease progression was significantly delayed in immune deficient PptP/ /Rag-1-/- mice, which displayed ameliorated neuroinflammation and neuron loss. We also crossed our Infantile and Juvenile NCL mouse models with mice deficient in sialoadhesin (Sn), a binding protein found on macrophages and microglia, and is involved in pro-inflammatory T-cell regulation. Disease progression was also slowed down, with significantly increased neuron survival in both Sn deficient NCL mice. However, contrasting effects on glial activation were observed between Ppt1~/-/ ’ Sn~/-and Cln3-/-/Sn-/- mice. Whereas glial activation was only marginally attenuated in Cln3-/-/Sir/- mice, significantly decreased microglial activation and enhanced astrocytosis were observed in Ppt1-/-/Str/- mice. These latter findings suggest an unexpected link between macrophage-expressed Sn and astrocytosis in Taken together, our findings prove that adaptive immune cells and sialoadhesin each appear to contribute to disease progression in Infantile and Juvenile NCL mice. Therefore, both immune components could prove to be suitable therapeutic targets for these fatal disorders.
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Post, Frank A. "Mycobacterial strain diversity : impact on the host immune response." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/2717.

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Zhao, Wei. "Impact of the innate immune response on mammary epithelia." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2009.

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Daniłowicz-Luebert, Emilia. "Impact of helminths and helminth products on immune responses." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16683.

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Helmintheninfektionen induzieren in ihren Wirten Typ 2 (Th2) Immunantworten, welche parasitäre Larvenstadien hemmen und/oder zur Abstoßung von intestinalen Würmern führen. Th2-Antworten können auch gegenüber Umweltallergenen ausgebildet werden und allergische Reaktionen vermitteln. Mastzellen (MZ) spielen eine herausragende Rolle für die Wirtsantwort gegen Parasiten. Die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Arbeit zeigen, dass eine Infektion von MZ-defizienten Mäusen mit Helminthen zu einer reduzierten Produktion von IL-25, IL-33 und TSLP, einer beeinträchtigten Etablierung von Th2 Immunantworten und einer erhöhten Wurmlast führt. Diese Parameter konnten allerdings nach einem erfolgreichen Transfer von Knochenmark aus Wildtypmäusen wiederhergestellt werden. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt somit eine wichtige Funktion von Mastzellen für die Initialisierung von Th2 Immunantworten. Des Weiteren konnte gezeigt werden, dass ein Cystein-Protease-Inhibitor - AvCystatin sowohl Parameter von Atemwegsentzündung und -hyperreaktivität als auch Lieschgraspollen (Phl p 5b)-spezifische Immunantworten in einem klinisch relevanten Mausmodell für Atemwegsentzündung inhibiert. Gleichzeitig führte die Behandlung mit AvCystatin zu einem Anstieg von IL-10 und erhöhten Frequenzen von CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T Zellen. Die in vivo Effekte von AvCystatin wurden unabhängig von der Protease-inhibitorischen Aktivität des Immunmodulators oder dessen Fähigkeit zur Oligomerisation vermittelt. AvCystatin unterdrückte zudem die Allergen-spezifische Produktion von IL-13 und induzierte in vitro unter Verwendung mononukleärer Zellen aus dem peripheren Blut (PBMCs) von Graspollen allergischen Patienten einen IFN-gamma vermittelten Th1 shift. Zusammenfassend tragen die Ergebnisse der Arbeit zu einem besseren Verständnis für die frühen Ereignisse von Th2 Immunantworten bei und zeigen, dass Helminthenmoleküle Bystandereffekte auf Immunantworten vermitteln können, die gegen andere Antigene gerichtet sind.
Helminth infections induce protective type 2 (Th2) immune responses in the host leading to arrested larval development and/or intestinal worm expulsion. Moreover, Th2 immune responses are initiated against harmless environmental allergens and mediate development of allergic disease. Among multiple mechanisms implicated in host responses to parasites and allergens, mast cells (MCs) play a pivotal role. The present study shows that MC-deficient mouse strains following infection with two gastrointestinal helminths had dramatically reduced early production of the tissue-derived cytokines IL-25, IL-33, and TSLP, which resulted in impaired induction of Th2 immune responses as well as increased parasite burden. These parameters were restored after transfer of WT bone marrow. These data reveal an important role for MCs in orchestrating type 2 immune responses. Parasites have developed various strategies to modulate the immune system via induction of a range of regulatory mechanisms. In this study AvCystatin, the filarial cysteine inhibitor, was found to inhibit airway inflammation and hyperreactivity induced by a clinically relevant allergen of timothy grass pollen (Phl p 5b). AvCystatin increased levels of the regulatory cytokine IL-10 and total numbers of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells. The immunomodulatory effect in vivo was found to be independent of AvCystatin’s protease inhibitor activity or oligomerization. Finally, AvCystatin suppressed allergen-specific production of IL-13 and created a shift towards Th1 immunity by increased levels IFN-gamma of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from grass pollen allergic patients. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the early events that dictate the priming of type 2 immune responses. Furthermore, helminth product-induced suppression may also have effects on bystander responses to unrelated antigens, thus, suggesting a promising preventive and therapeutic concept in the treatment of aberrant inflammations.
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Blaimer, Stephanie [Verfasser], and Edward K. [Akademischer Betreuer] Geissler. "Impact of innate and adaptive immune cells in tumor immune surveillance / Stephanie Blaimer ; Betreuer: Edward K. Geissler." Regensburg : Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1210729202/34.

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Banerjee, Piu. "Immune mechanisms in atopic eczema and the impact of therapy." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391635.

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Pike, Lewis James. "Salmonella vaccines : the impact of antigenic location on immune responses." Thesis, University of York, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313867.

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Weaver, Wade G. "Impact of VHSV M Protein on the Innate Immune System." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1481191320713471.

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Howells, Anwen. "The impact of innate immune cells on immunopathology in dengue." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0a251372-4d0e-416d-ad3c-8e07e6729e1b.

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Dengue virus (DENV) is an arthropod-borne virus and has become a worldwide problem with steadily rising annual infection rates. Patients present with a range of symptoms from mild fever to, in some cases, life-threatening hemorrhagic fever and shock syndrome. The most severe cases require emergency hospital care and currently, there is no effective drug treatment or vaccine for dengue. As severe symptoms appear post-peak viremia, immuno-pathology is thought to be the cause and a potential trigger of this is differential activation of the immune response upon recognition of DENV. This could be due to a combination of factors including varying receptors, signalling pathways and immune regulation mechanisms. In order to understand DENV infection better, it is imperative to study the mechanisms of activation and control of immune responses triggered by the virus. Very early events in viral infection (after 10 min stimulation) were studied aiming to identify proteins involved in differential activation of immune responses. Phosphorylated proteins were isolated from cells post-stimulation and analysed by mass spectrometry. More than 200 proteins were differentially regulated by phosphorylation in response to DENV stimulation as compared to Mock, Influenza A virus and LPS stimulation. The effect of two specific proteins, namely Calpain-2 and Importin-5, identified to be differentially phosphorylated was investigated further. Calpain-2 was seen to be vital in the efficient production of progeny virions and the transcription of Mx1, an anti-viral interferon stimulated gene. Importin-5 is known to transport DENV NS5 into the nucleus during infection and was seen to co-precipitate with many host proteins. In summary, it is imperative that novel treatments and vaccines are developed for dengue as it is one of the world’s most prevalent arthropod-borne viruses. It was discovered here that many proteins undergo phosphorylation/de-phosphorylation in response to DENV stimulation to a differing degree than other stimuli. Calpain-2 plays a vital role DENV infection, potentially influencing the potency of immune response. Importin-5 associates with various host proteins during DENV infection, potentially altering their function or the function of Importin-5 itself. Research into targeted inhibition of Calpain-2 function or Importin-5 interaction with DENV NS5 could lead to a successful anti-viral treatment for DENV infection.
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Books on the topic "Immune Impact"

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Immune infertility: The impact of immune reactions on human infertility. Dordrecht: Springer Verlag, 2009.

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name, No. Basic biology and clinical impact of immunosenescence. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2003.

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Baron, Ruth Ann. Gastrointestinal health, essential fatty acids & their impact on the immune system. Wood Dale, Il: Seroyal, 2001.

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Innate immune system of skin and oral mucosa: Properties and impact in pharmaceutics, cosmetics, and personal care products. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley & Sons, 2011.

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Maes, Dominiek, Marina Sibila, and Maria Pieters, eds. Mycoplasmas in swine. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249941.0000.

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Abstract This book contains 14 chapters that discuss the genetics, epidemiology, prevalence, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of Mycoplasma infections in pigs. Chapter 1 discusses the phylogenetics and classification of Mycoplasma species in pigs; Chapter 2 describes the genomic diversity and antigenic variation of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae strains; Chapter 3 discusses the pathogenesis, virulence factor and pathogenicity of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae; Chapter 4 discusses the molecular epidemiology, risk factors, transmission and prevalence of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Chapter 5 discusses the clinical signs and gross lesions of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection; Chapter 6 discusses immune responses against Mycoplasma infections; Chapter 7 describes the interactions of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae with other pathogens and their economic impact; Chapter 8 discusses the diagnosis of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection and its associated diseases; Chapter 9 describes the general control measures against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infections; Chapter 10 describes the selection and efficacy of antimicrobials against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infections; Chapter 11 discusses the development and efficacy of vaccines against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae; Chapter 12 describes the eradication of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in pig herds; Chapter 13 describes the epidemiology, prevalence, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of Mycoplasma hyorhinis and Mycoplasma hyosynoviae in pig herds and Chapter 14 discusses the epidemiology, prevalence, transmission, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, control and economic impact of Mycoplasma suis infection in pigs.
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Stoclet, Alain J. Immunes ab omni teloneo: Étude de diplomatique, de philologie et d'histoire sur l'exemption de tonlieux au haut Moyen Age et spécialement sur la praeceptio de navibus. Bruxelles: Institut historique belge de Rome, 1999.

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Office, General Accounting. AIDS education: Staffing and funding problems impair progress : report to the chairman, Committee on Governmental Affairs, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C: U.S. General Accounting Office, 1989.

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Naz, Rajesh K., and Walter K. H. Krause. Immune Infertility: Impact of Immune Reactions on Human Fertility. Springer, 2016.

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Naz, Rajesh K., and Walter K. H. Krause. Immune Infertility: Impact of Immune Reactions on Human Fertility. Springer, 2018.

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Immune Infertility: The Impact of Immune Reactions on Human Infertility. Springer, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Immune Impact"

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Ulcova-Gallova, Zdenka, and Petr Losan. "Impact on Fertility Outcome." In Immune Infertility, 209–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40788-3_14.

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Ulcova-Gallova, Z. "Impact on Fertility Outcome." In Immune Infertility, 165–73. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01379-9_14.

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Isidori, Andrea M., Valeria Hasenmajer, Francesca Sciarra, and Mary Anna Venneri. "Environmental Impact on Immune System." In Endocrinology, 1–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38366-4_13-1.

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Mo, Jun-Song, Wei Wang, and Henry J. Kaplan. "Impact of Inflammation on Ocular Immune Privilege." In Immune Response and the Eye, 155–65. Basel: KARGER, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000099266.

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Kleiveland, Charlotte R. "Co-culture Caco-2/Immune Cells." In The Impact of Food Bioactives on Health, 197–205. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16104-4_18.

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Vandebriel, Rob J., and Henk van Loveren. "Impact of Nanoparticles on Dendritic Cells." In Interaction of Nanomaterials with the Immune System, 73–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33962-3_5.

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Fiocchi, C. "Genetics of IBD: impact on immune function." In Trends in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Therapy 1999, 23–35. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4002-7_3.

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Bette, Michael. "Therapeutic Impact of Immune Responses in Cancer." In Resistance to Targeted Anti-Cancer Therapeutics, 221–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17275-0_9.

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Fraker, Pam. "Impact of Nutritional Status on Immune Integrity." In Nutrition and Immunology, 147–56. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-709-3_12.

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Meng, Huicui, and Connie J. Rogers. "Exercise Impact on Immune Regulation of Cancer." In Exercise, Energy Balance, and Cancer, 37–57. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4493-0_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Immune Impact"

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Hoover, Ashley R., Kaili Liu, and Wei R. Chen. "Impact of local intervention-based photo-immunotherapy on tumor microenvironment." In Biophotonics and Immune Responses XVI, edited by Wei R. Chen. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2583747.

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Omoumi, Farid H., Xuxin Chen, Yuchen Qiu, Yuhua Li, Bin Zheng, and Hong Liu. "The impact of external filtration on image quality and exposure time of an in-line phase-contrast x-ray breast imaging prototype." In Biophotonics and Immune Responses XVIII, edited by Wei R. Chen. SPIE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2649343.

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Gardner, Ivy H., Ragavan Siddarthan, Katherine Watson, Elizabeth Dewey, Rebecca Ruhl, Xiangnan Guan, Zheng Xia, Liana V. Tsikitis, and Sudarshan Anand. "Abstract PO-031: Innate immune genes distinguish the immune microenvironment of early onset colorectal cancer." In Abstracts: AACR Virtual Special Conference on Tumor Heterogeneity: From Single Cells to Clinical Impact; September 17-18, 2020. American Association for Cancer Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.tumhet2020-po-031.

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Abdolrazzaghi, Mohammad, Nazli Kazemi, and Mojgan Daneshmand. "Machine Learning to Immune Microwave Sensors from Temperature Impact." In 2020 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and North American Radio Science Meeting. IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieeeconf35879.2020.9329766.

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Okamoto, Keisuke, and Akira Mita. "Impact detection using ultrasonic waves based on artificial immune system." In SPIE Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.815271.

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Swanton, Charles. "Abstract IA16: Cancer evolution, immune evasion and metastasis." In Abstracts: AACR Virtual Special Conference on Tumor Heterogeneity: From Single Cells to Clinical Impact; September 17-18, 2020. American Association for Cancer Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.tumhet2020-ia16.

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Yuan, Yinyin. "Abstract IA05: Deciphering the immune microenvironment with spatial histology." In Abstracts: AACR Virtual Special Conference on Tumor Heterogeneity: From Single Cells to Clinical Impact; September 17-18, 2020. American Association for Cancer Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.tumhet2020-ia05.

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Bobeck, Elizabeth. "Bioactive lipids and related nutrients in companion animal and poultry diets for reducing inflammation and improving immunity." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/vqxl3869.

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Beyond meeting nutritional requirements for growth and maintenance, select dietary ingredients can have additional effects, intended or not, on animal physiology and immune function. Diets can be enriched to benefit the animal, and a dual benefit can be achieved in the case of enriching animal products for the downstream human consumer. Many immune-altering nutrients are fat-soluble, including Vitamin E and D. Importantly, dietary lipids themselves can impact immune function; therefore, a focused and intentional selection of specific dietary fats, specifically omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), is one method to alter inflammatory cascades in animals consuming the diet. Examples of other related ingredients to which the immune system is responsive include zinc and probiotics. While work in human, livestock, and companion animal models is working to identify therapeutic inclusion rates for these nutrients and ingredients, it should be noted that physiological alterations are seen in both over and under-inclusion and are nutrient-specific. For example, inclusion above currently recommended levels may optimize immune function and reduce inflammation in the case of vitamin D or omega-3 PUFA, while for zinc, additional pharmacological supplementation above requirements may inhibit immune function. Importantly, when a diet is formulated to reduce overall systemic inflammation, it must be considered that important “background” functions of the immune system, including monitoring for and clearing pathogenic microbial populations, may be down-regulated due to a general reduction in immune reactivity. Continued work to understand how diet and nutrition impact immunity, and how to balance inflammation through nutrition, is an area of active research and will inform downstream users how to best use data to impact consumers of that feed in desirable ways.
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Watza, Donovan, Valerie Murphy, Chrissy Lusk, Angie S. Wenzlaff, Lonardo Fulvio, Christine Neslund-Dudas, Gerold Bepler, and Ann G. Schwartz. "Abstract 2657: Immune checkpoint status does not impact overall survival in NSCLC." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2018; April 14-18, 2018; Chicago, IL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-2657.

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Bartok, Osnat, Sushant Patkar, Sapir Cohen, Kevin Litchfield, Hiren Karathia, Joo Sang Lee, Alejandro Jiménez-Sánchez, et al. "Abstract IA07: UVB-induced tumor heterogeneity directs immune response in melanoma." In Abstracts: AACR Virtual Special Conference on Tumor Heterogeneity: From Single Cells to Clinical Impact; September 17-18, 2020. American Association for Cancer Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.tumhet2020-ia07.

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Reports on the topic "Immune Impact"

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Herrmann, Melissa S., Rodrigo A. Gallardo, David A. Bunn, David A. Bunn, Terra R. Kelly, and Jack C. M. Dekkers. Does Gener Impact the Immune Response of Chicks? Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-343.

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Bassi, Andrea. From “Social Impact” to “Social Value”. Liège: CIRIEC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25518/ciriec.wp202206.

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After the financial-economic crisis of 2008 there has been an increasing diffusion of discourses by international institutions stressing the necessity towards the adoption of impact evaluation methods both by for profit and SSE organizations. This craze for impact measurement is generally led by the need of the stock exchange to find new financial markets (demand) for an increasing offer of socially or environmentally oriented financial products (such as the Social Impact Bond). This pressure had the effect to spread terms and concept typically of the financial world to other domains, such as the welfare policy (Social Investment State) and the traditional philanthropic sector (Social Return on Investment). Even the SSE has not been immune from this “epidemic” of measurement, standardization, quantification of its activities’ effects (Salathé-Beaulieu, G. in collaboration with M. J. Bouchard and M. Mendell, 2019). The paper’s main aim is to argue in favour of the adoption of a broader conceptualization of the SSE contribution to the local community (and to the society as a whole) that the one implied by the term “impact”. It proposes a conceptual framework based on the “social value” notion, which requires to consider the worth (Bouchard, M. J. ed., 2009) linked to the presence of the organization itself and not only of its activities/ programs/services. The paper will illustrate and comment the main results from an empirical research on the Social Added Value Evaluation of an umbrella recreation association in the Emilia-Romagna Region. The inquire adopts an experimental design based on qualitative methods such as: focus groups, face to face interviews and on site observations, in order to build a consensual system of social value/impact evaluation to be adopted by the local branches of the regional association.
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Knibb, Rebecca, Lily Hawkins, and Dan Rigby. Food Sensitive Study: Wave Two Survey. Food Standards Agency, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.nyx192.

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Food hypersensitivities (FH) include food allergy, food intolerance and coeliac disease. Food allergy and coeliac disease involve an immune mediated reaction to certain foods; food intolerance is caused by a non-immune mediated reaction (such as an enzymatic or pharmacological effect). Each of these FHs result in unpleasant symptoms if the food is eaten in sufficient quantity, with food allergic reactions sometimes resulting in life-threatening symptoms. Management of FH by an individual or members of their family therefore involves constant vigilance and risk assessment to determine if a food is safe to eat. Research over the last twenty years has demonstrated that this burden, along with the unpredictable nature of FH reactions, has an impact on quality of life (QoL). QoL encompasses our emotions, physical health, the environment we live in, our social networks and day-to-day activities. FH has been shown to have an impact on many of these areas, however there are still research gaps. In particular, many studies focus on children, adolescents or parents rather than the adult population and little is known about those with food intolerances. In order to make a comprehensive characterisation and evaluation of the burden caused by living with FH, the day-to-day management of FH and associated inconveniences, the FSA has commissioned this project, led by Aston University. The project is called the FoodSensitive study and this report relates to findings for workstream one, a survey to assess the impact of FH on QoL. This survey was carried out in two waves, one year apart. This report covers the second wave and a comparison of wave one and two for those participants who completed both waves.
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Lamont, Susan J., E. Dan Heller, and Avigdor Cahaner. Prediction of Immunocompetence and Resistance to Disease by Using Molecular Markers of the Major Histocompatibility Complex. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568780.bard.

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This project utilized two live-animal populations in an integrated research program to identify molecular markers for immune response and disease resistance. The populations each had their foundation from meat-type commercial breeder chicken lines of their respective countries. Investigations effectively used unique availability of resources in each country to study commercial-type environments in Israel and line-crosses with diverse inbred lines in the US. Two bacterial systems were investigated to cover both respiratory and gastrointestinal, and primary and secondary, infections. Individual experimental groups of animals were evaluated for combinations of vaccine antibody levels, response to pathogen challenge, growth parameters, genetic background and molecular markers. The positive association of antibody level with resistance to disease was confirmed. Effectiveness of genetic selection for vaccine antibody response level was demonstrated. Molecular markers, both inside and outside the MHC region, were associated with antibody response and resistance to disease. Markers were shown to have a generalized effect, by association with multiple traits of immune response and disease resistance. The impact of genetic background on marker effect was shown to be important. The overall results demonstrate the effectiveness of selection on vaccine antibody response and the potential of molecular marker-assisted selection to improve efficiency of production of meat-type chickens by reducing genetic susceptibility to disease.
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Palmer, Guy, Varda Shkap, Wendy Brown, and Thea Molad. Control of bovine anaplasmosis: cytokine enhancement of vaccine efficacy. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7695879.bard.

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Anaplasmosis an arthropod-born disease of cattle caused by the rickettsia Anaplasma marginale and is an impediment to efficient production of healthy livestock in both Israel and the United States. Currently the only effective vaccines are derived from the blood of infected cattle. The risk of widespread transmission of both known and newly emergent pathogens has prevented licensure of live blood-based vaccines in the U.S. and is a major concern for their continued use in Israel. Consequently development of a safe, effective vaccine is a high priority. In this collaborative project we focused on two approaches to vaccine development. The first focused o n improving antigen delivery to livestock and specifically examined how DNA vaccines could be improved to enhance priming and expansion of the immune response. This research resulted in development and testing of two novel vaccine delivery systems--one that targeted antigen spread among dendritic cells (the key cell in priming immune responses and a follow-on construct that also specifically targeted antigen to the endosomal-lysosomal compartment the processing organelle within the dendritic cell that directs vaccine antigen to the MHC class ll-CD4* T cell priming pathway). The optimized construct targeting vaccine antigen to the dendritic cell MHC class II pathway was tested for ability to prime A. marginale specific immune responses in outbred cattle. The results demonstrated both statistically significant effects of priming with a single immunization, continued expansion of the primary immune response including development of high affinity lgG antibodies and rapid recall of the memory response following antigen challenge. This portion of the study represented a significant advance in vaccine delivery for livestock. Importantly the impact of these studies is not limited to A. marginale a s the targeting motifs are optimized for cattle and can be adapted to other cattle vaccinations by inserting a relevant pathogen-specific antigen. The second approach (which represented an addition to the project for which approval was requested as part of the first annual report) was a comparative approach between A . marginale and the Israel A . centrale vaccines train. This addition was requested as studies on Major Surface Protein( MSP)- 2 have shown that this antigen is highly antigenically variable and presented solely as a "static vaccine" antigen does not give cross-strain immunity. In contrast A. . centrale is an effective vaccine which Kimron Veterinary institute has used in the field in Israel for over 50 years. Taking advantage of this expertise, a broad comparison of wild type A. marginale and vaccine strain was initiated. These studies revealed three primary findings: i) use of the vaccine is associated with superinfection, but absence of clinical disease upon superinfection with A. marginale; ii) the A. centrale vaccine strain is not only less virulent but transmission in competent in Dermacentor spp. ticks; and iii) some but not all MSPs are conserved in basic orthologous structure but there are significant polymorphisms among the strains. These studies clearly indicated that there are statistically significant differences in biology (virulence and transmission) and provide a clear path for mapping of biology with the genomes. Based on these findings, we initiated complete genome sequencing of the Israel vaccine strain (although not currently funded by BARD) and plant to proceed with a comparative genomics approach using already sequenced wild-type A. marginale. These findings and ongoing collaborative research tie together filed vaccine experience with new genomic data, providing a new approach to vaccine development against a complex pathogen.
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Cahaner, Avigdor, Susan J. Lamont, E. Dan Heller, and Jossi Hillel. Molecular Genetic Dissection of Complex Immunocompetence Traits in Broilers. United States Department of Agriculture, August 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586461.bard.

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Objectives: (1) Evaluate Immunocompetence-OTL-containing Chromosomal Regions (ICRs), marked by microsatellites or candidate genes, for magnitude of direct effect and for contribution to relationships among multiple immunocompetence, disease-resistance, and growth traits, in order to estimate epistatic and pleiotropic effects and to predict the potential breeding applications of such markers. (2) Evaluate the interaction of the ICRs with genetic backgrounds from multiple sources and of multiple levels of genetic variation, in order to predict the general applicability of molecular genetic markers across widely varied populations. Background: Diseases cause substantial economic losses to animal producers. Emerging pathogens, vaccine failures and intense management systems increase the impact of diseases on animal production. Moreover, zoonotic pathogens are a threat to human food safety when microbiological contamination of animal products occurs. Consumers are increasingly concerned about drug residues and antibiotic- resistant pathogens derived from animal products. The project used contemporary scientific technologies to investigate the genetics of chicken resistance to infectious disease. Genetic enhancement of the innate resistance of chicken populations provides a sustainable and ecologically sound approach to reduce microbial loads in agricultural populations. In turn, animals will be produced more efficiently with less need for drug treatment and will pose less of a potential food-safety hazard. Major achievements, conclusions and implications:. The PI and co-PIs had developed a refined research plan, aiming at the original but more focused objectives, that could be well-accomplished with the reduced awarded support. The successful conduct of that research over the past four years has yielded substantial new information about the genes and genetic markers that are associated with response to two important poultry pathogens, Salmonella enteritidis (SE) and Escherichia coli (EC), about variation of immunocompetence genes in poultry, about relationships of traits of immune response and production, and about interaction of genes with environment and with other genes and genetic background. The current BARD work has generated a base of knowledge and expertise regarding the genetic variation underlying the traits of immunocompetence and disease resistance. In addition, unique genetic resource populations of chickens have been established in the course of the current project, and they are essential for continued projects. The US laboratory has made considerable progress in studies of the genetics of resistance to SE. Microsatellite-marked chromosomal regions and several specific genes were linked to SE vaccine response or bacterial burden and the important phenomenon of gene interaction was identified in this system. In total, these studies demonstrate the role of genetics in SE response, the utility of the existing resource population, and the expertise of the research group in conducting such experiments. The Israeli laboratories had showed that the lines developed by selection for high or low level of antibody (Ab) response to EC differ similarly in Ab response to several other viral and bacterial pathogens, indicating the existence of a genetic control of general capacity of Ab response in young broilers. It was also found that the 10w-Ab line has developed, possibly via compensatory "natural" selection, higher cellular immune response. At the DNA levels, markers supposedly linked to immune response were identified, as well as SNP in the MHC, a candidate gene responsible for genetic differences in immunocompetence of chickens.
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Turner, Paul, and John O'Brien. Review of the FSA’s research programme on food hypersensitivity. Food Standards Agency, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.bka542.

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The overarching mission of the Food Standards Agency (FSA) is tothe ensure that food is safe, food is what it says it is and that consumers can make informed choices about what to eat. These are of central importance to consumers with food hypersensitivity(FHS).Food hypersensitivity (FHS) encompasses both immune-mediated food hypersensitivity (food allergy and coeliac disease) and non-immune food intolerances. FHS is a complex, multifactorial disease of concern to multiple stakeholders including consumers with FHS, their families, clinicians, regulatory agencies and policy makers, scientists, food manufacturers and food business operators. It affects around 5-8% of children and 2-3% of adults in the UK, and although rare, can be fatal. Public concern over FHS has grown in recent years. In the UK and elsewhere, food recalls due to the presence of undeclared allergens feature predominantly in food alerts; legislation over food labelling has become clearer, and consumers and producers are more aware of FHS. The FSA has been a major funder of research into FHS for over 2 decades, and the outputs of the research programme has had significant impacts at a national and global scale, most notably in the area of the prevention of FHS in children and the presence of declared and undeclared allergens in food products. Strengthening protections for consumers with FHS is a top priority for the FSA. The FSA has established a Food Hypersensitivity Programme Board to oversee and coordinate its work in this area. The working group was tasked with reviewing the research into FHS supported by the Food Standards Agency to date, and prioritising those priority areas where the current scientific evidence is limited and therefore should be a focus for future research investment. The aim –to make the UK the best country in the world for consumers with food hypersensitivity.
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Howard, Jo. Understanding Intersecting Vulnerabilities Experienced by Religious Minorities Living in Poverty in the Shadows of Covid-19. Institute of Development Studies, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/creid.2021.012.

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The purpose of this study, conducted during the Covid-19 pandemic between November 2020 and March 2021 in India and Nigeria, is to explore the direct and indirect effects of Covid-19 on religiously marginalised groups experiencing intersecting vulnerabilities. The findings provide recognition of the impact of Covid-19 on targeting and encroachments faced by these groups in order to inform policy so that it includes their perspectives in building back better and promoting inclusive development. Policymakers need to understand both the direct and indirect impacts of Covid-19 in order to coordinate effective support and avert deepening marginalisation. This research demonstrates how religious inequalities intersect with other inequalities of power – historical, structural, and socially determined characteristics (class, ethnicity, caste, gender, age) – to shape how people experience the Covid-19 pandemic. Both India and Nigeria manifest high levels of authoritarianism, an absence of press freedom, targeting of religiously marginalised groups, and unequal access to public services and the protection of the state by religiously marginalised groups, according to geographic location. The findings of this report reveal the appalling everyday realities as well as the great courage of religious minorities living in poverty during the pandemic. Greater sensitivity to the critical intersection of vulnerabilities is essential for the longer-term recovery of these groups, who otherwise face slipping deeper into intergenerational poverty. Deepening poverty and proliferating ethno-religious injustices are fuelling tensions and conflict, and the risks of neglecting these issues are immense.
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Lillehoj, Hyun, Dan Heller, and Mark Jenkins. Cellular and molecular identification of Eimeria Acervulina Merozoite Antigens eliciting protective immunity. United States Department of Agriculture, November 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1992.7561056.bard.

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Coccidiosis, ubiquitous diseases of poultry, seriously impair the growth and feed utilization of livestock and poultry. Coccidiosis causes over $600 million annual losses world-wide and no vaccine is currently available. The goal of this study was to investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling protective immune responses to coccidia parasites in order to develop immunological control strategy against coccidiosis. The major findings of this study were: 1) cell-mediated immunity plays a major role in protection against coccidiosis, 2) when different genetic lines showing different levels of disease susceptibility were compared, higher T-cell response was seen in the strains of chickens showing higher disease resistance, 3) early interferon secretion was observed in more coccidia-resistant chicken strains, 4) both sporozoite and merozoite antigens were able to induce interferon production, and 5) chicken monoclonal antibodies which detect immunogenic coccidia proteins have been developed. This study provided a good background work for future studies toward the development of recombinant coccidial vaccine. Availability of chicken monoclonal antibodies which detect immunogenic coccidia proteins will enhance our ability to identify potential coccidial vaccine antigens.
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Brosh, Arieh, Gordon Carstens, Kristen Johnson, Ariel Shabtay, Joshuah Miron, Yoav Aharoni, Luis Tedeschi, and Ilan Halachmi. Enhancing Sustainability of Cattle Production Systems through Discovery of Biomarkers for Feed Efficiency. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7592644.bard.

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Feed inputs represent the largest variable cost of producing meat and milk from ruminant animals. Thus, strategies that improve the efficiency of feed utilization are needed to improve the global competitiveness of Israeli and U.S. cattle industries, and mitigate their environmental impact through reductions in nutrient excretions and greenhouse gas emissions. Implementation of innovative technologies that will enhance genetic merit for feed efficiency is arguably one of the most cost-effective strategies to meet future demands for animal-protein foods in an environmentally sustainable manner. While considerable genetic variation in feed efficiency exist within cattle populations, the expense of measuring individual-animal feed intake has precluded implementation of selection programs that target this trait. Residual feed intake (RFI) is a trait that quantifies between-animal variation in feed intake beyond that expected to meet energy requirements for maintenance and production, with efficient animals being those that eat less than expected for a given size and level of production. There remains a critical need to understand the biological drivers for genetic variation in RFI to facilitate development of effective selection programs in the future. Therefore, the aim of this project was to determine the biological basis for phenotypic variation in RFI of growing and lactating cattle, and discover metabolic biomarkers of RFI for early and more cost-effective selection of cattle for feed efficiency. Objectives were to: (1) Characterize the phenotypic relationships between RFI and production traits (growth or lactation), (2) Quantify inter-animal variation in residual HP, (3) Determine if divergent RFIphenotypes differ in HP, residual HP, recovered energy and digestibility, and (4) Determine if divergent RFI phenotypes differ in physical activity, feeding behavior traits, serum hormones and metabolites and hepatic mitochondrial traits. The major research findings from this project to date include: In lactating dairy cattle, substantial phenotypic variation in RFI was demonstrated as cows classified as having low RMEI consumed 17% less MEI than high-RMEI cows despite having similar body size and lactation productivity. Further, between-animal variation in RMEI was found to moderately associated with differences in RHP demonstrating that maintenance energy requirements contribute to observed differences in RFI. Quantifying energetic efficiency of dairy cows using RHP revealed that substantial changes occur as week of lactation advances—thus it will be critical to measure RMEI at a standardized stage of lactation. Finally, to determine RMEI in lactating dairy cows, individual DMI and production data should be collected for a minimum of 6 wk. We demonstrated that a favorably association exists between RFI in growing heifers and efficiency of forage utilization in pregnant cows. Therefore, results indicate that female progeny from parents selected for low RFI during postweaning development will also be efficient as mature females, which has positive implications for both dairy and beef cattle industries. Results from the beef cattle studies further extend our knowledge regarding the biological drivers of phenotypic variation in RFI of growing animals, and demonstrate that significant differences in feeding behavioral patterns, digestibility and heart rate exist between animals with divergent RFI. Feeding behavior traits may be an effective biomarker trait for RFI in beef and dairy cattle. There are differences in mitochondrial acceptor control and respiratory control ratios between calves with divergent RFI suggesting that variation in mitochondrial metabolism may be visible at the genome level. Multiple genes associated with mitochondrial energy processes are altered by RFI phenotype and some of these genes are associated with mitochondrial energy expenditure and major cellular pathways involved in regulation of immune responses and energy metabolism.
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