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Academic literature on the topic 'Immune environnement'
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Journal articles on the topic "Immune environnement"
Tauziede-Espariat, A., H. Adle-Biassette, A. Besnard, M. Polivka, F. Chretien, and P. Varlet. "Caractérisation du micro-environnement et étude des « immune checkpoints » dans les chordomes : une piste potentielle thérapeutique pour les chordomes INI1-déficients !" Annales de Pathologie 37, no. 4 (August 2017): 340–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annpat.2017.06.018.
Full textSaka, S., A. Bairi, and M. Guellati. "Relations immuno-corticotropes dans un environnement nociceptif chez la ratte wistar." Journal de la Société de Biologie 197, no. 1 (2003): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jbio/2003197010067.
Full textLinta, L. S. O., P. Gouthon, T. Hountohotegbe, F. Messan, B. K. Nouatin, J. P. Kouassi, and A. Bigot. "Réponses inflammatoires au cours d’une série de matchs chez des handballeurs de l’élite en République du Bénin." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 14, no. 4 (August 17, 2020): 1354–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i4.15.
Full textMascaux, C. "Un rôle très précoce du micro-environnement immun dès les premières étapes de la carcinogenèse bronchique." Revue des Maladies Respiratoires Actualités 14, no. 1 (May 2022): 1S3–1S8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1877-1203(22)00007-6.
Full textPoussade, Y., F. Vince, and C. Robillot. "Energy consumption and greenhouse gases emissions from the use of alternative water sources in South East Queensland." Water Supply 11, no. 3 (July 1, 2011): 281–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2011.042.
Full textChin, Mathieu, Mathew Dueck, Taylor Irvine, Owen Luo, Ethan Pohl, Mariam Ragab, Hayat Showail, Tonya-Leah Watts, Tingting Yan, and Enav Zusman. "How can we help all students RISE?" Collected Essays on Learning and Teaching 13 (October 28, 2020): iv—xiv. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/celt.v13i0.6020.
Full textBernstein, Aaron, and Gilok Choi. "The Collaboration Protocol: MIDI and Participatory Culture." Proceedings of the Annual Conference of CAIS / Actes du congrès annuel de l'ACSI, October 30, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/cais678.
Full textScott, Helen C. "Rosa Luxemburg’s Reform or Revolution in the Twenty-first Century." Socialist Studies/Études Socialistes 6, no. 2 (February 6, 2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.18740/s4302j.
Full textLevine, Mitch. "Échographie au point d’intervention en médecine interne." Canadian Journal of General Internal Medicine 12, no. 2 (August 30, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.22374/cjgim.v12i2.243.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Immune environnement"
Cruard, Jonathan. "Le Myélome Multiple et son environnement immunitaire à l’échelle de la cellule unique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nantes Université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023NANU1033.
Full textMultiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological cancer in which the tumor cell is derived from the long-lived plasma cell. This pathology is characterized by strong heterogeneity at various levels. This heterogeneity includes alterations intrinsic and extrinsic to tumors, which have an impact on patient prognosis and response to treatment. The development of single-cell sequencing technologies has enabled us to explore new aspects of this diversity. The work presented here first explores the diversity of response to dexamethasone within the MM.1S cell line of MM. This work shows that within this homo- geneous tumoral population there is a diversity of response to treatment. Secondly, we worked on MM together with its immune environment at the single-cell level. In order to better understand how the immune environment evolves during the course of the disease, but also under the pressure of treatment. This as- pect is even more essential as the most recent treatments directly involve the immune environment by redirecting it against the tumor. A better characterization of the immune environment could therefore enable us to better predict the response to treatments, as well as their consequences for the immune environment
Becht, Etienne. "Transcriptomic analysis of the immune microenvironment of non-hematopoietic human tumors." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA05T029/document.
Full textTumors grow within a complex microenvironment composed of immune cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells and other non-malignant cells. The study of the composition of tumor microenvironments has led to classifications with prognostic and theranostic values, as well as the discovery of treatments modulating the composition and the functional orientation of the microenvironment. Concurrently, molecular classifications of tumors have proposed taxonomies within cancers that define groups of patients with different prognoses and are associated with response to treatments. Recent evidence suggest that the phenotype of the malignant cell is a critical determinant in the shaping of its microenvironment, suggesting potential correlations between immune and molecular classifications. The goal of this PhD project was therefore to analyze the microenvironment of molecularly-classified human tumors. Colorectal cancer represents a paradigm for tumor immunology, as it is the humancancer in which it was exemplified that an adaptive immune response can control tumor Growth and metastasis. Conversely, clear-cell renal cell carcinoma represents an exception in tumor immunology, as an extensive adaptive immune response is associated with more aggressive diseases. Molecular transcriptomic classifications were recently proposed for both of these apparently immunologically contrasted cancers. In this work, I propose a methodology that enables the characterization of the tumor microenvironment using transcriptomic data, and apply it to describe the immune contexture of molecular subgroups of colorectal and clear-cell renal cell carcinomas. These analyses argue in favor of the unification of molecular and immune classifications of human cancers, challenge our current views of the relationship between the composition of the tumor microenvironment and patient’s prognosis, and suggest immunotherapeutic approaches that could benefit subgroups of patients in these two cancers
Dechavanne, Célia. "Construction de la réponse anticorps spécifique du paludisme chez le jeune enfant : étude combinée de l’hôte, du parasite et de leur environnement." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05P608/document.
Full textFour epidemiological studies showed that infants born from mothers with Plasmodium falciparum placental malaria at delivery present a higher susceptibility to plasmodial infections than others. In connection with this observation, we hypothesized that i) the infants’ P. falciparum specific antibody responses are different according to presence or absence of placental malaria at delivery in their mothers and ii) susceptibility could only be induced by antigens that bring the same polymorphisms as those found in infected mothers. Another project consisted to develop a new methodology to distinguish maternal and neonatal antibodies in order to measure accurately neo-synthesized antibodies in the first months of life. A birth cohort of 620 newborns was established in an area endemic for malaria. Infants were followed-up until 18 months of age and their antibody responses specific for 7 P. falciparum antigens were quarterly measured. The emergence of the immune maturation process was observed in 18-months-infants. The acquisition of specific antibody responses was not impacted by placental malaria. The new methodological approach leading to distinguish maternal and neonatal antibodies was validated. The genetic characterization of the parasite antigen polymorphisms in mothers at delivery and their infants during the follow-up, in link to environmental data, led partially to the validation of the immune tolerance hypothesis
Petitprez, Florent. "Integrated analysis and clinical impact of immune and stromal microenvironments in solid tumors Quantitative analyses of the tumor microenvironment composition and orientation in the era of precision medicine Transcriptomic analysis of the tumor microenvironment to guide prognosis and immunotherapies Tumor microenvironment quantification tool draws a comprehensive map of the tumor microenvironment of non-hematologic human cancers The mMCP-counter method to estimate abundance of tissue-infiltrating immune and stromal cell populations using gene expression in murine samples Immune sub-classes in sarcoma predict survival and immunotherapy response Intra-tumoral tertiary lymphoid structures are associated with a low risk of hepatocellular carcinoma early recurrence Association of IL-36γ with tertiary lymphoid structures and inflammatory immune infiltrates in human colorectal cancer Immune-based identification of cancer patients at high risk of progression Tumor-infiltrating and peripheral blood T-cell immunophenotypes predict early relapse in localized clear cell renal cell carcinoma PD-L1 expression and CD8+ T-cell infiltrate are associated with clinical progression in patients with node-positive prostate cancer Intratumoral classical complement pathway activation promotes cancer progression." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB104.
Full textTumors are composed not only of malignant cells but also contain a vast variety of non-malignant cells, notably immune cells forming the tumor microenvironment (TME). The composition of the TME was shown to be associated with clinical outcome for cancer patients, in terms of survival and therapeutic responses. With the relatively recent development of immunotherapies targeting specific elements of the TME, tumor immunology has risen a strong interest and holds a strong therapeutic potential. Several methodologies have been developed to study the composition of the TME with an increased precision. Notably, some methods such as MCP-counter enable the use of the tumor bulk transcriptome to quantify cell populations composing the TME. The methodological aspect of this PhD project consisted in setting up an enhanced version of MCP-counter that can be readily applied to RNA-Seq data, as well as propose an adaptation of the method for mouse models. Using MCP-counter, the TME of large series of tumors can be easily analyzed. The application part of this PhD work consisted of applying MCP-counter to establish an immune-based classification of soft-tissue sarcoma, a rare, aggressive and heterogeneous cancer type. The immune classification notably allowed to identify immune low and high groups, and a group characterized by a strong vasculature. Interestingly, the classification was notably found to be predictive of the patients' response to immunotherapies. It also highlighted an important role of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS). TLS are lymph-node-like structures composed of T and B cells that form within the tumor or in close proximity. They are a site of formation and maturation of antitumoral immune responses. TLS are raising a growing interest in many malignancies. In most cancer types, a strong infiltration by T cells, in particular CD8+ T cells, is associated with a favorable clinical outcome. However, clear-cell renal cell carcinoma and prostate cancer are exceptions to this general rule. Indeed, in these urological cancers, an increased infiltration by T cells is associated with a decreased patient survival and with earlier relapse and disease progression. In a third part of this thesis, these exceptions are investigated with more details by scrutinizing the TME, and questioning the implication of the complement system. Overall, this thesis presents how the combination of several analysis methods, in silico, in situ and in vivo, can help achieve an extremely precise description of the TME. Knowing accurately what cell populations and what their functional orientation can help guide patients care and improve clinical outcome. Complete description of the TME opens the way towards personalized medicine for cancer patients
Lopès, Amélie. "Infection chronique par les souches Escherichia coli colibactine-positives : impacts sur le micro-environnement immunitaire colique dans le contexte du cancer colorectal." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAS006/document.
Full textMultiple evidences show the role of microbiota in colorectal cancer (CRC) development and anti-tumor drug responses. Various independent studies demonstrated that Escherichia coli strains with specific invasive properties and virulence factors abnormally colonize CRC patient mucosa. More than half of these strains harboring the pks pathogenic island coding for the synthesis of a genotoxin named colibactin. This genotoxin can impair directly DNA synthesis or cellular cycle and provokes genomic instability. Many different studies highlighted others bacteria-associated mechanisms leading to colorectal carcinogenesis as crosstalk between immune responses, inflammatory events, and/or cell senescence induction. However, the mechanisms by which CRC-associated E. coli promote colorectal carcinogenesis are diverse and some-what specific to the animal models and the microbial status of the animals (germ-free or Specific Pathogen Free). However, modulation of immune response and inflammation seems to play a central role in these mechanisms.The aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of chronic infection by colibactin-positive E. coli in a CRC reference model, the APCMin/+ mice colon focusing on inflammation and immune cells. First, we developed and validated an innovative method to quantify immune cells in APCMin/+ mice, based on immunostainings and digital image analysis. Thanks to the machine learning approach, we succeeded to precisely discriminate, quantify and localize these cells in three regions of interest: mucosa, lymphoid follicle and tumor. After the complete validation of this new method, we accurately examined the impact of a chronic infection with a colibactin-positive E. coli strain isolated from a CRC patient, on the APCMin/+ colon immune microenvironment. Particularly, we demonstrated the induction of a pro-carcinogenic environment by these bacteria in vivo, in a colibactin dependent manner, with both an increase of the pro-inflammatory neutrophil enzyme (myeloperoxydase) and cells, and a decrease of anti-inflammatory cytokines. This carcinogenesis-associated context is emphasized by the decrease of anti-tumor T cells in colon mucosa and tumor. This phenomenon is equally observed in CRC patients, with a decrease of T cells in patient tumors, which are harboring the colibactin-positive E. coli. Finally, we demonstrated for the first time that colibactin-positive E. coli infection induce resistance to an anti-tumor immunotherapy treatment based on PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade. Our results suggest that the decrease of T cells induce by colibactin-positive E. coli chronic infection could lead to the impairment of an immunotherapy response. To conclude, this thesis work confirms the crosstalk between some specific bacteria from intestine microbiota and the immune system in carcinogenesis and anti-tumor drug efficacy. In longer term, these results suggest that the colibactin-positive E. coli presence could be used as a poor prognosis biomarker in CRC and particularly to predict response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy
Dechavanne, Célia. "Construction de la réponse anticorps spécifique du paludisme chez le jeune enfant : étude combinée de l'hôte, du parasite et de leur environnement." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00856581.
Full textLeruste, Amaury. "Immune context of malignant rhabdoid tumors : description and identification of new therapeutic targets." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS050.
Full textRhabdoid tumors (RT) are highly undifferentiated cancers occurring in infancy and early childhood, with a median age at diagnosis about 20 months. These tumors are characterized by the biallelic inactivation of SMARCB1 tumor suppressor gene, core member of the SWI/SNF complex, one major chromatin remodeling actor, in an otherwise highly stable genome. The prognosis of RT is dismal with overall survival hardly reaching 30% in most series, despite particularly aggressive conventional treatment. Immunotherapy approaches has gained a striking success within some adult cancer types and recent analyses of immune cell content of pediatric cancers don’t reveal a high rate of infiltrated tumors, except in few tumor types such as intracranial rhabdoid tumors. Then, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the immune context of both human RT cohorts and a mouse RT model, including at single cell level. We identified a high recurrence of infiltrated tumors, in a RT-subgroup related manner, composed of both myeloid cells including cells with immune suppressive phenotypes, and T cells with notably a tissue resident memory phenotype demonstrating a high clonal expansion highly suggestive of immunogenicity. We identified common targetable immune populations between human and mouse RTs, and found that targeting both T and myeloid infiltrating cells was able to induce complete anti-tumor response with induced memory, confirming the immunogenic properties of RTs, and identifying new therapeutic strategies of clinical relevance. We finally identified that RTs were the site of SMARCB1-dependent endogenous retroviruses reexpression, with subsequent activation of interferon signaling, likely triggering the immune response in the context of RT, and providing a basis of non-coding genome-driven immunogenicity for these tumors
Czerwińska, Urszula. "Unsupervised deconvolution of bulk omics profiles : methodology and application to characterize the immune landscape in tumors Determining the optimal number of independent components for reproducible transcriptomic data analysis Application of independent component analysis to tumor transcriptomes reveals specific and reproducible immune-related signals A multiscale signalling network map of innate immune response in cancer reveals signatures of cell heterogeneity and functional polarization." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB075.
Full textTumors are engulfed in a complex microenvironment (TME) including tumor cells, fibroblasts, and a diversity of immune cells. Currently, a new generation of cancer therapies based on modulation of the immune system response is in active clinical development with first promising results. Therefore, understanding the composition of TME in each tumor case is critically important to make a prognosis on the tumor progression and its response to treatment. However, we lack reliable and validated quantitative approaches to characterize the TME in order to facilitate the choice of the best existing therapy. One part of this challenge is to be able to quantify the cellular composition of a tumor sample (called deconvolution problem in this context), using its bulk omics profile (global quantitative profiling of certain types of molecules, such as mRNA or epigenetic markers). In recent years, there was a remarkable explosion in the number of methods approaching this problem in several different ways. Most of them use pre-defined molecular signatures of specific cell types and extrapolate this information to previously unseen contexts. This can bias the TME quantification in those situations where the context under study is significantly different from the reference. In theory, under certain assumptions, it is possible to separate complex signal mixtures, using classical and advanced methods of source separation and dimension reduction, without pre-existing source definitions. If such an approach (unsupervised deconvolution) is feasible to apply for bulk omic profiles of tumor samples, then this would make it possible to avoid the above mentioned contextual biases and provide insights into the context-specific signatures of cell types. In this work, I developed a new method called DeconICA (Deconvolution of bulk omics datasets through Immune Component Analysis), based on the blind source separation methodology. DeconICA has an aim to decipher and quantify the biological signals shaping omics profiles of tumor samples or normal tissues. A particular focus of my study was on the immune system-related signals and discovering new signatures of immune cell types. In order to make my work more accessible, I implemented the DeconICA method as an R package named "DeconICA". By applying this software to the standard benchmark datasets, I demonstrated that DeconICA is able to quantify immune cells with accuracy comparable to published state-of-the-art methods but without a priori defining a cell type-specific signature genes. The implementation can work with existing deconvolution methods based on matrix factorization techniques such as Independent Component Analysis (ICA) or Non-Negative Matrix Factorization (NMF). Finally, I applied DeconICA to a big corpus of data containing more than 100 transcriptomic datasets composed of, in total, over 28000 samples of 40 tumor types generated by different technologies and processed independently. This analysis demonstrated that ICA-based immune signals are reproducible between datasets and three major immune cell types: T-cells, B-cells and Myeloid cells can be reliably identified and quantified. Additionally, I used the ICA-derived metagenes as context-specific signatures in order to study the characteristics of immune cells in different tumor types. The analysis revealed a large diversity and plasticity of immune cells dependent and independent on tumor type. Some conclusions of the study can be helpful in identification of new drug targets or biomarkers for immunotherapy of cancer
Gonçalves, Maia Maria João. "Le syndrome Xeroderma Pigmentosum : Un nouveau modèle pour l’étude du rôle des fibroblastes dans la modulation de la réponse immunitaire innée contre les cellules cutanées cancéreuses." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR4037.
Full textSkin cancer etiology is related to genetic mutations arising after ultraviolet (UV) sun exposure. The propagation of cancer cells is also dependent of a crosstalk with cells present in the surrounding microenvironment, mainly cancer associated fibroblasts (CAF) and immune cells. Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a genetic disease that comprises seven groups of genetic complementation (XP-A to XP-G). XP patients present a default in the mechanism responsible for the repair of UV-induced DNA lesions. They are prone to develop skin cancers with high frequencies early in their life. XP-C is the most represented complementation group in Europe and in XP-C patients squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are more frequent than basal cell carcinoma (BCC) (ratio 5:1). SCC have high metastatic potential compared to BCC. Previous studies suggested that the immune responses in XP patients could be altered with defects in their NK lytic activity and a decrease in the levels of circulating T lymphocytes. The main objective of this thesis was to identify microenvironment factors that could contribute to the progression of aggressive skin cancers using XP-C disease cells as a model of skin cancer susceptibility. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of WT and XP-C dermal patient’s fibroblasts revealed that CLEC2A, a ligand of the activating NK receptor NKp65 implicated in the activation of the innate immune system, is expressed in WT fibroblasts and absent in XP-C fibroblasts. Additional work showed that CLEC2A level is decreased in WT fibroblasts during replicative senescence, is absent in CAF and SCC, and is down regulated by soluble factors secreted by SCC cells. These results suggest that the loss of CLEC2A may induce a deficit of NK cell activation in the tumor microenvironment of SCC and in the dermis of XP-C patients. Elaboration of 3D skin culture models including NK cells and, in the presence or absence of blocking anti-CLEC2A antibody, allowed us to show that CLEC2A/NKp65 interaction regulates SCC cells invasion through a crosstalk between fibroblasts and NK cells. Our results suggest that the expression of CLEC2A in fibroblasts contributes to skin immune surveillance while, conversely, its absence under yet unidentified factors, favors the development of aggressive cancers in XP-C patients. CLEC2A could be a potential target in the fight against SCC progression
Wierz, Marina. "Characterization of the Tumor Microenvironment in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia by Mass Cytometry : Implications for Immunotherapy Dual PD1/LAG3 Immune Checkpoint Blockade Limits Tumor Development in a Murine Model of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia High-dimensional Mass Cytometry Analysis Revealed Microenvironment Complexity in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASL020.
Full textChronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the most frequent leukemia in adults, is characterized by the accumulation of mature B lymphocytes in peripheral blood and lymphoid tissues. The progression of CLL is highly dependent on complex interactions within the tumor microenvironment (TME) and despite recent advances in CLL treatment targeting the TME, CLL remains an incurable disease. Therefore, we wanted to deeply characterize the immune landscape in the TME in murine and human CLL to identify novel potential targets for an immunotherapeutic approach. For this purpose, we performed a comprehensive and extensive characterization by high-dimensional mass cytometry to establish an extensive cartography of immune cell subsets. We demonstrated that relevant changes in the immune cell composition, especially the expansion of specific lymphoid and myeloid immune cell subsets, are associated with strong immune suppression thereby contributing to an escape phenotype in CLL. These CLL-associated changes can be restored in preclinical models by a dual PD1/LAG3 immune checkpoint blockade. Moreover, we demonstrated a high T cell heterogeneity between patients that can be stratified according to their T cell profile, and the correlation of specific T cell subsets with time to initial treatment, highlighting their potential prognostic value. In conclusion, with this first CyTOF study in CLL, we expanded the current knowledge of the phenotypic complexity of the TME. We demonstrated that dual targeting of immune checkpoints efficiently controlled CLL development in preclinical models and therefore could have potential benefits in CLL to restore a functional anti-tumor immunity