Journal articles: 'Immigrants – Spain'

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Vatamaniuk, Anastasiia. "Social Aspects of the Immigration Movement in Present-Day Spain." Історико-політичні проблеми сучасного світу, no. 35-36 (December 20, 2017): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/mhpi2017.35-36.109-115.

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The author of the article considers the concept of immigration as a social threat to the Spanish society, highlights social attitude towards immigrants and refugees in Spain and analyzes the adaptation of immigrants to the new environment. The author attempts to give in-depth analysis of the migration policy of Spain and discloses the main factors affecting social attitude towards immigrants and refugees in Spain. Consequently, the author explains current tendency, creating a negative stereotype of an immigrant in the Spanish society. Keywords: Refugees, immigrants, integration, adaptation, migration policy of Spain

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Cueto, Begoña, and Vanesa Rodríguez Álvarez. "Determinants of immigrant self-employment in Spain." International Journal of Manpower 36, no. 6 (September 7, 2015): 895–911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-10-2013-0233.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine immigrant self-employment in Spain. The study aims to determine the likelihood of immigrants being self-employed, the differences between Spaniards and immigrants in terms of self-employment and differences among immigrants from different regions of origin. Design/methodology/approach – Data from the Labour Force Survey for 2005-2011 are used for a descriptive analysis of self-employment. Logit regressions allow us to study the determinants of immigrant self-employment. Findings – Unlike research conducted in other countries, the rate of immigrant self-employment in Spain is lower than that of nationals, although differences exist according to the region of origin. Men and older individuals are more likely to be self-employed. Those with higher levels of education are also more likely to be self-employed – this may be attributable to the decreased availability of skilled positions for immigrants. Research limitations/implications – The sample size does not allow for differential analyses regarding the region of origin or the existence and influence of enclaves. Practical implications – Self-employment may be an opportunity for immigrants to improve their position in the labour market, especially in the case of highly skilled workers. Originality/value – In Spain, analyses of immigrant self-employment are rare and generally focus on case studies. However, this study covers the whole population within a highly specific economic situation.

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Sánchez-Domínguez, María, Helga De Valk, and David Reher. "Marriage strategies among immigrants in Spain." Revista Internacional de Sociología 69, no. M1 (April 30, 2011): 139–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/ris.2011.im1.389.

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Marrero Rocha, Inmaculada. "The Implications of Spanish-Moroccan Governmental Relations for Moroccan Immigrants in Spain Spanish-Moroccan Governmental Relations and Moroccan Immigrants." European Journal of Migration and Law 7, no. 4 (2006): 413–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181605776293228.

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AbstractThe terrorist attacks in Madrid on March 11, 2004 were one of the most traumatic events in recent Spanish domestic history, and have had a profound influence in internal policy as well as determining the strategy of its foreign and security policy. In many sectors it has created a climate in which there are serious negative repercussions in the acceptance and integration of immigrants from Morocco, bearing in mind that most of the people detained and put on trial are from that country but were residing in Spain. However, if the March 11 terrorist attacks are an important factor militating against Moroccan integration in Spain, the truth is that for many years they have had greater difficulties in integrating into the host community than other immigrant groups. This paper argues that Spanish-Moroccan political relations constitute further factors that create special difficulties for Moroccan immigrants in their integration into Spanish society. In order to demonstrate this hypothesis, the paper first describes in section one the specific Spanish migration context, firstly from the demographic point of view, analysing the rapid change of Spain from an emigrant country to an immigrant country and the increase in foreign population over recent years and, secondly from cultural point of view when it discusses the already existing diversities among the different Spanish regions and, finally, from a legal point of view the paper studies the changeable and unstable Spanish law on migration. The main goal of this introductory section is to show the general problems of integration applicable to all immigrant groups living in Spain, including Moroccans. Secondly, in sections two and three, the paper attempts to examine the unequal treatment against Moroccan immigrants and argues that this situation is not only due to Spanish attitudes toward immigrants in general and the social, racial and religious characteristic of Moroccan immigrants but also because there are other political reasons related to the relations between the Spanish and Moroccan Governments that affect the situation of Moroccans in Spain because of their nationality. In order to show this unequal treatment of Moroccan immigrants in comparison with other immigrant groups, section two describes the main examples of clear discrimination: specific racist and xenophobic attacks against Moroccans in Spain; employment discrimination against Moroccans; and the institutional declarations that negatively affect Moroccans. The third section attempts to demonstrate how old and recent political crisis and controversies in the fields of fishing, agricultural, territorial disputes, and illegal immigration controls between both countries constitute factors which have made the integration of Moroccan labourers in Spain more difficult. The fourth section shows how the political crises and conflicts between Spain and Morocco have worsened the Spanish population's perception of Morocco and have influenced the treatment Moroccan immigrants receive in Spain. Finally, the last section contains several conclusions as a warning to the Spanish Government to improve its relations with Moroccan Authorities not only to obtain institutional and political results but also to bring about positive consequences for Moroccans living in Spain.

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Ponedelko, G. "Immigration in Spain." World Economy and International Relations, no. 9 (2015): 80–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2015-9-80-92.

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The article considers the problems of Spanish immigration within the period of 1981–2015, namely, its dynamics, latest tendencies and socio-economic characteristics (including changes in nationality, gender, age and educational structures of immigrants). Primarily, the stress is made on an in-depth analysis of the following main features of immigrants’ population in Spain: the levels of their incomes, the unemployment rate, the living standards. The author makes a conclusion that Spanish immigrants constitute not only a majority of poor population in the country but they are also ones of the poorest in Europe. It is particularly evident against the background of their impact upon the economic activity and employment’s rate of the country’s population and economic growth. At the considered period all the mentioned indicators were noticeably higher for immigrants than for local labor force, not saying of the positive immigrants’ influence on the growth and rejuvenation of Spanish people. Secondly, a considerable part in the article is devoted to the analysis of the immigration policy of Spanish government during the considered period of time. The author singles out the specific stages of this policy and shows that its contents and approaches modified in strict dependence of political factors. The Spanish Socialist Working Party was the beginner of the immigration policy in 1985 which always had the most liberal character particularly when it was concerned to the immigrant social and labor integration based on human rights equality. On the contrary, immigration policy of the now ruling conservative Partido Popular has more pragmatic, selective and rigid approach to foreign labor force legislation.

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de la Torre, Genoveva Millán Vázquez, Virginia Navajas-Romero, and Ricardo Hernández Rojas. "Analysis of the Entrepreneurial Immigrant Profile in Spain." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mjss-2019-0010.

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Abstract Although the immigrant population in Spain has decreased due to the economic crisis of the past five years, few studies have analysed this group. The objective of this research has been to profile the immigrant who decides to start a business in Spain. In order to learn about the probability of immigrant workers being entrepreneurs as a function of their socio-demographic characteristics, data from the Spanish National Institute of Statistics from 2005 to 2016 have been analysed and fieldwork carried out during August and September 2016 on immigrants who are self-employed. The results show a lower rate of entrepreneurship in the immigrant population vis-a-vis the native population and the fact that creating their own business begins at an earlier age for immigrants when compared to the national average.

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Gutiérrez-Fisac, Juan L., Ana Marín-Guerrero, Enrique Regidor, Pilar Guallar-Castillón, Jose R. Banegas, and Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo. "Length of residence and obesity among immigrants in Spain." Public Health Nutrition 13, no. 10 (December 3, 2009): 1593–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980009992801.

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AbstractObjectiveVarious studies in the USA and Canada have consistently shown a positive association between length of residence of immigrants and obesity. Studies in European countries have obtained less consistent results. The present work assesses the influence of length of residence on the frequency of obesity in immigrants in the city of Madrid, Spain.DesignWe studied a sample of 7155 persons aged 18 years and over residing in the city of Madrid, who were was surveyed between November 2004 and May 2005. Information was collected on immigrant status (country of birth), length of residence in Spain, obesity, sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle.ResultsCompared with the Spanish population, the odds for obesity in the immigrant population by length of residence was less than one in all groups, becoming closer to one with increasing time of residence (OR = 0·67, 0·73 and 0·81 for immigrants with less than 2, 2–4 and 5–9 years of residence in Spain, respectively), up to 10 or more years of residence, when it declined (OR = 0·69). The magnitude of this association was considerably reduced after adjusting for sociodemographic variables and for perceived health, but was not further modified after adjusting for lifestyle variables.ConclusionsLength of residence of immigrants in the city of Madrid is not associated with the frequency of obesity. It is possible that the circumstances immigrants encounter after arriving in Spain do not involve an overexposure to factors favouring obesity, relative to those they bring with them.

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Rodriguez-Alvarez, Elena, Nerea Lanborena, and Luisa N. Borrell. "Cardiovascular disease risk factors in Spain: A comparison of native and immigrant populations." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (November 30, 2020): e0242740. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242740.

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Cardiovascular disease (CDV) risk factors are highly prevalent among adults with low social class in Spain. However, little is known on how these factors are distributed in the immigrant population, a socio-economic disadvantaged population. Thus, this study aims to examine inequalities in CVD risk factors among immigrant and native populations. We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the Spanish National Health Survey 2017 and used log-binomial regression to quantify the association of immigrant status on CVD risk factors among adults aged 25–64 years. The probabilities of having at least three CVD risk factors were higher for immigrants from Eastern Europe (PR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.15–1.35) and lower for immigrants from Africa (PR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.69–0.89) when compared with natives. The association of immigrant status and CVD risk factors varies with educational attainment (p-interaction = 0.001). Immigrants from Eastern Europe with low educational attainment have a higher probability of having at least three CVD risk factors compared with their native counterparts. In contrast, immigrants from Africa and Latin America with low educational attainment had a protective effect against having at least three CVD risk relative to natives. Health prevention and promotion strategies to reduce the burden of CVD taking should account for educational attainment given its differential effect among the immigrant population in Spain.

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Vall, Berta, and Lluís Botella. "Making sense of immigration processes." Narrative Inquiry 25, no. 2 (December 31, 2015): 203–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ni.25.2.01val.

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This article analyses the narrative disruption processes and quality of life of adolescent immigrants in Spain. Furthermore, it also provides a new methodological approach to assess meta-subjective and narrative quality of life. Participants were 30 adolescents (15 immigrant and 15 autochthons) selected form a sample of 884 adolescents (from which 204 were immigrants). Data regarding quality of life was collected applying the Friendship Quality Scale and the Vancouver Index of Acculturation to all the participants (n = 884). According to the punctuation of the questionnaires a subsample was chosen, the Biographical Grid was applied to 30 participants; the immigrants group was also asked to write a text. Results indicate that both perceived quality of life and self-esteem of immigrant’s group are lower than the autochthons’ while narrative disruption is higher. A deeply explanation about some of the causes of these results is provided by the narratives’ analysis.

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Stanek, Mikolaj, and Alberto Veira Ramos. "Occupational Mobility at Migration - Evidence from Spain." Sociological Research Online 18, no. 4 (November 2013): 158–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.3134.

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This article provides insight into the determinants of occupational mobility recorded for immigrants between their last job in the region of origin and their first job in Spain. Multinomial and bivariate logistic regression models are applied to identify the strongest predictors of upward and downward mobility when immigrants move from one country's labour market to another. This study's empirical analysis was carried out using data from the Spanish National Immigrant Survey of 2007. Our results show that ethnic segmentation in the Spanish labour market negatively affects the occupational mobility of immigrants. Secondly, we observe that non EU15 immigrants are at higher risk of downward mobility. Thirdly, higher levels of education offer protection against downward mobility and increase the chance for upgrading. Finally, contrary to our predictions, social capital embedded in support received from friends and relatives who reside in the destination country increases the risk of occupational downgrading and reduces the possibility of upward mobility.

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Cedeño, Luis F., Rosario Martínez-Arias, and José A. Bueno. "Retrospective Assessment of Multiple Victimization among Immigrants in Spain." International Journal of Psychological Studies 7, no. 4 (October 28, 2015): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijps.v7n4p78.

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The present study speculates that histories of multiple victimization during childhood and adolescence are more prevalent among low-income adult immigrants than among low-income adult nonimmigrants. Method: a total sample of 53 individuals (N=53) completed the JVQ-Adult Retrospective Victimization. Results: a t test showed no significant differences between the immigrant group (M=3.34) and the non-immigrant group (M=3.00), (t(51)=.310, df=51, p=.758), and results from a Mann-Whitney U either (U=186.500, Z=-.276, p=.783). Conclusion: no significant differences were found between immigrants and non-immigrants. Nevertheless, it raises concerns about other studies from public and private organizations revealing high rates of inter-partner violence and child maltreatment among the immigrant population in Spain.

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Pérez-Nievas, Santiago, Guillermo Cordero, and Marie L. Mallet-García. "A Tale of Two Countries: The Sociopolitical Integration of Latino Immigrants in Spain and in the United States." American Behavioral Scientist 65, no. 9 (March 5, 2021): 1131–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764221996750.

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This special issue addresses the need for cross-national analyses on immigrant integration. The articles in this issue examine the integration processes of Latino immigrants in the United States and in Spain in several aspects—socioeconomic, legal, educational, and political—and through varied methods—quantitative as well as qualitative—contributing to the literature in several ways. By focusing on the same ethnic group across different contexts, it provides a thorough comparison of the mechanisms at play in their integration processes. It emphasizes the context-specific and culture-specific elements that most affect immigrants’ integration. This special issue gathers nine articles that offer complementary perspectives on the integration of Latino immigrants in Spain and the United States.

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RAMOS, J. M., E. BERNAL, T. ESGUEVILLAS, P. LOPEZ-GARCIA, M. S. GAZTAMBIDE, and F. GUTIERREZ. "Non-imported brucellosis outbreak from unpasteurized raw milk in Moroccan immigrants in Spain." Epidemiology and Infection 136, no. 11 (January 21, 2008): 1552–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268807000210.

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SUMMARYNine cases of brucellosis were identified in the city of Elche (Comunidad Valenciana, Spain) in two families of Moroccan immigrants. All of the patients had drunk unpasteurized raw milk from goats.Brucella melitensisbiovar 3 was identified in clinical specimens. Preventive measures for brucellosis should be implemented among immigrant populations in Spain.

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Kirchner, Teresa, and Camila Patiño. "Latin-American Immigrant Women and Mental Health: Differences according to their Rural or Urban Origin." Spanish journal of psychology 14, no. 2 (November 2011): 843–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/rev_sjop.2011.v14.n2.31.

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Spain is one of the EU countries that receive most immigrants, especially from Latin America. The process of migration implies a high level of stress what may have repercussions for the mental health of immigrants. The purposes of this study were: (a) to determine whether the degree of mental health of immigrant women differs according to their rural or urban origin, (b) to compare the mental health of immigrant women with that of the female normative sample of host population (Spain). A sample of 186 Latin American immigrant women (142 from urban areas and 44 from rural areas) was recruited in Barcelona by means of a consecutive case method. A structured interview and the SCL-90-R were administered. The results indicated that the immigrant women from rural origin reported higher levels of psychological symptomatology than those from urban areas. Immigrants reported higher levels of psychological symptomatology than the native female population and in most of the psychological symptoms exceeded 90% of the native Spanish population. Migration is a powerful stressor which may lead to psychological distress. Being female of rural origin and being in an illegal situation is related with an increase in symptomatology.

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Martinez-Callaghan, Jordi, and Marta Gil-Lacruz. "Developing identity, sense of belonging and social networks among Japanese immigrants in Scotland and Spain." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 26, no. 2 (May 25, 2017): 241–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0117196817706034.

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This paper focuses on how Japanese immigrants who settled in Spain and Scotland are building new social networks and questions how this process changes the way they relate to Japan and their Japanese identities. A grounded theory approach was used to gather data for the study. The sample is composed of 14 immigrants interviewed in Scotland and 17 in Spain. Based on content analysis, the study found that both groups of immigrants emphasized five key elements in developing their new sense of belonging. These are: having a local partner; interest in the host country; workplace experiences; number of local and/or Japanese friends in their social network; and foreign language proficiency. Immigrant identity development is a dynamic process of construction in which both personal behavior and social aspects are involved.

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Badanta, Barbara, Juan Vega-Escaño, Sergio Barrientos-Trigo, Lorena Tarriño-Concejero, María Ángeles García-Carpintero García-Carpintero Muñoz, María González-Cano-Caballero, Antonio Barbero-Radío, Domingo de-Pedro-Jimenez, Giancarlo Lucchetti, and Rocío de Diego-Cordero. "Acculturation, Health Behaviors, and Social Relations among Chinese Immigrants Living in Spain." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 14 (July 18, 2021): 7639. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147639.

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This study aims to identify acculturation experiences about social relations and health behaviors of first-generation Chinese immigrants in the South of Spain, including food patterns, physical exercise, and tobacco and alcohol use. A phenomenological qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews, informal conversations, and field notes. All data were analyzed under the Berry’s Model of Acculturation. A total of 133 Chinese immigrants were included. Our findings show that separation was the dominant acculturation strategy, followed by integration and assimilation, while marginalization was not present in this immigrant population. Most of the immigrant population maintains a link to the customs of their home country, favoring the process of identity and collective self-esteem. These results can help health managers and the government to further understand Chinese immigrants in Europe and to establish appropriate health interventions to this group.

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Caparrós Ruiz, Antonio. "Wage inequality of immigrants by type of contract in Spain." International Journal of Manpower 35, no. 6 (August 26, 2014): 817–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-11-2012-0170.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to approach a new aspect of the assimilation of immigrants in Spain. In particular, it is analyzed the effect of the type of contract on immigrant wages. The data used in this analysis come from the Spanish National Immigrant Survey, which was conducted by the Spanish Statistics Institute (INE) between 2006 and 2007. Design/methodology/approach – First, the methods and econometric specifications applied develop a wage model where the variable “contract type” is considered as an endogenous regressor. Second, the average wage gap between temporary and permanent workers is decomposed between a portion attributable to differences in characteristics and another to differences in coefficients. Findings – It is found that workers with a permanent contract received a wage premium with respect to temporary workers even for equal work and equal productivity. Social implications – Results indicate the importance of job stability for the integration and assimilation of immigrants in Spain, and offer an economic argument to support labour policies that encourage stable employment relationships. Originality/value – This paper takes a novel approach of the assimilation of immigrants in the Spanish labour market.

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de Diego-Cordero, Rocío, Manuel Romero-Saldaña, Ana Jigato-Calero, Bárbara Badanta, Giancarlo Lucchetti, and Juan Vega-Escaño. "“Looking for Better (Job) Opportunities”: A Qualitative Analysis of the Occupational Health of Immigrants in Southern Spain." Workplace Health & Safety 69, no. 5 (January 29, 2021): 198–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2165079920988005.

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Background: Spain hosts the fourth largest number of immigrants in Europe, resulting in a large proportion of migrant workers. To date, few studies have examined the working conditions of immigrants in Southern Spain who are known to be at risk for adverse working conditions. This study aimed to investigate the patterns of work and working conditions of immigrants living in southern Spain and to understand how these factors may affect their health. Methods: A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews was conducted throughout 2019 and included 93 immigrants. Transcription, literal reading, and theoretical categorization were performed and a narrative content analysis was carried out. Results: Three themes emerged on working conditions of this study population, including social and labor-related characteristics, working conditions, and occupational health issues. Four employment sectors were most commonly occupied by these immigrants, including caregiving and food service for women and agriculture and construction for men. Most immigrants were from Latin America, unemployed or working part-time jobs, and not hired under an employment contract. Most worked in low-qualified jobs, and were exposed to occupational hazards such as falls from heights, manual handling of materials, and psychological strain. The lack of training on occupational risk prevention and labor rights was related to a low identification of work situations having a negative impact on the health of immigrants. Conclusions/Application to Practice: These findings should be taken into account by the government and public health managers to provide better assistance to immigrant workers in Europe.

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Voicu, Malina, and Ioana Alexandra Rusu. "Immigrants’ membership in civic associations: Why are some immigrants more active than others?" International Sociology 27, no. 6 (October 22, 2012): 788–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0268580912452172.

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This study focuses on the level of membership in associations of the migrant population in Spain. Three types of civic engagement are considered: participation in all types of civic associations, in associations for immigrants and in non-immigrant associations. The article investigates whether immigrants coming from countries with higher levels of civic participation are more likely to participate in civic associations and if immigrants who have lived longer in and stayed in closer contact with a home country with a higher level of civic participation are more likely to join civic associations. Data used come from the Spanish National Immigrant Survey (2007) and the World Values Survey (2000, 2005). The results of multilevel logistic regressions show that immigrants who have spent more time in a more participatory context at origin and who are in closer contact with these societies are more likely to get involved in civic associations at destination.

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Calvo, F., C. Giralt, and C. Xavier. "Homelessness and Immigrants: In Front of the Border Between Spain and France." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S621. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.999.

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IntroductionIn 2006, prior to the worldwide economic crisis which especially affected Western countries, Southern Spain was one of the illegal immigrant gateways from Africa into Europe. The aim of this study is to establish the rate of homeless immigrants in a cohort of 2006 and carry out a follow up until 2015 in order to explore the chronicity associated to the territory.MethodsSample: 949 persons experiencing homelessness in Girona, according to official records. Procedure: prospective longitudinal study of the total population of homeless people in Girona. In 2006, a list was made of all the homeless people detected by both specialised and nonspecialised teams, which have been followed until the present day. Instruments: data bases of different official teams. Statistical analysis: measures of central tendency and dispersion and contingency tables were used for the comparison of qualitative variables.ResultsOverall, 64.8% of the population of Girona are immigrants (n = 614), principally from the Maghreb, (χ2 = 36.9, df = 4, P < .001) and 333 (36.3%) are autochthonous. The percentage of homeless immigrants in relation to the total immigrant population was 4.4%. Comparing the homeless autochthonous population with the total of the autochthonous population, homelessness among autochthonous population was 0.4%.ConclusionsThe results suggest that homelessness was more incidental in the immigrant group than in the autochthonous group. The percentage of immigrants who still live in homeless conditions suggests that immigration is a risk factor in the chronicity of the problem.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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García-Juan, Laura. "The Disruptive Regularisation Mechanism in the Spanish Law that Challenges the Reform of the Common European Asylum System." Migraciones. Publicación del Instituto Universitario de Estudios sobre Migraciones, no. 51 (May 6, 2021): 31–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.14422/mig.i51y2021.002.

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The debate regarding the extent of EU Member States competences in immigrant integration policies was paused with the Treaty of Lisbon. European institutions took an active role in integration but did not mandate a communal approach. Consequently, each Member State instigated its own policies, which led to a wide diversity of regulations. The policy adopted by Spain stands out because of its particular approach to integration policies, which in this case are applicable to regular and irregular immigrants. A remarkable feature of the migration law in Spain is that it contains a regularisation mechanism for irregular immigrants that does not require them to have a visa in order to obtain the status of temporary residency. This mechanism is known as arraigo social (social ties). In these cases, access to regularity depends on the level of social integration that the immigrant can prove to have achieved. This article analyses the statistics on the use of this mechanism in Spain and discusses whether it could offer a path to asylum seekers looking for an official response after several years of waiting in the EU.

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Seguí-Crespo, Cantó-Sancho, Reid, Martínez, and Ronda-Pérez. "Differences in Eye Health, Access to Eye Care Specialists and Use of Lenses among Immigrant and Native-Born Workers in Spain." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 7 (April 10, 2019): 1288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16071288.

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Latin American immigrants make up 49% of the total immigrant population in Spain, yet little is known about their eye health. The aim of this study is to determine if there are differences in self-perceived eye health, access to eye care specialists, and use of lenses between a sample of Latin American immigrant workers from Colombia and Ecuador, and native-born workers in Spain. We used data from the PELFI cohort (Project for Longitudinal Studies of Immigrant Families). The sample consisted of 179 immigrant workers born in Colombia or Ecuador, and 83 Spanish-born workers. The outcome variables were self-perceived eye health, access to eye specialists, and use of lenses. A descriptive analysis of the sample was carried out, and the prevalence of the three outcome variables in immigrants and natives was calculated and adjusted for explanatory variables. Random effects logistic regression models examined eye health outcomes by workers’ country of birth. Immigrants are less likely to report poor self-perceived eye health than native-born (ORc 0.46; CI 95%, 0.22–0.96). Furthermore, they have less access to specialists (ORc 2.61; CI 95%, 1.32–5.15) and a higher probability of needing lenses but not having them (ORc 14.14; CI 95%, 1.77–112.69). This latter variable remained statistically significant after adjusting for covariates (ORa 34.05; CI 95%, 1.59–729.04). Latin American immigrants may not value the use of lenses, despite eye care specialists indicating that they need them. Eye health education is required to recognize the importance of using lenses according to their visual needs.

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Simonova, Mariya. "Key Communication Strategies of Creating the Image of an Immigrant in the Spanish Media Discourse (on the Publications of El País)." Obshchestvennye nauki i sovremennost, no. 4 (2021): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086904990014326-0.

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The article is devoted to the peculiarities of coverage of the issue of immigration to Spain on the material of the daily social–political newspaper El País which refers to the quality Spanish press. The research carried out within the framework of Media Linguistics using the method of linguistic analysis of the text and the method of cognitive analysis demonstrated a very interesting fact of imbalance between the actual immigrants’ perception in the Spanish society and a certain image artificially created in the media space. The analysis of publications, more than 300 during the year 2019, that were selected according to the theme of publication: national immigration policy, immigration, crimes involving immigrants, immigrants and the Spanish society revealed two key strategies for covering the topic of immigration – the strategy for creating a negative image of the immigrant and the strategy of solidarity. The author managed to identify a sharp dissonance between the real perception in Spain of immigrants and the image of the «enemy» spread by the Spanish media.

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Martínez, Tulay Caglitutuncigil. "Intersectionality in language trajectories: African women in Spain." Applied Linguistics Review 6, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 217–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/applirev-2015-0011.

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AbstractDuring the last decades, changing intra-state and inter-state immigrant profiles in Spain has generated an interesting landscape for sociolinguistics research. There has been a shift from temporary migration to permanent settlement, which means that there is an increasing number of individuals who need to speak the locally legitimate forms of language for different reasons. Apart from this, recent statistics indicate that female immigrants’ profiles are also changing, and they are becoming more and more forerunners and active participants in the formal Spanish labour market (Aja et al. 2011). Therefore, this dynamic, ever changing profile of female immigrants suggests that they move across existing boundaries, acquiring and developing their linguistic knowledge to access other forms of symbolic capitals in Spain. Building on my ethnography of two sites in Madrid and Barcelona between 2011 and 2014, I shall explain how African immigrant women become new speakers and how their language learning process intersects with socially constructed boundaries such as political, economic, and linguistic hierarchies and ascribed gender roles.

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Lobera, Josep. "Postcolonial Bonds? Latin American Origins, Discrimination, and Sense of Belonging to Spain." American Behavioral Scientist 65, no. 9 (February 22, 2021): 1222–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764221996757.

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The present study examines the costs of discrimination and cultural-linguistic differences for the development of migrants’ sense of belonging to the receiving society. Focusing on Latin Americans in Spain allows shedding light on the cultural and linguistic mechanisms involved in this process. Migration scholars have long recognized the importance of belonging as a key indicator of integration. An analysis of belonging has clear relevance to settlement policies and programs to prevent social fragmentation or isolation of immigrants. This article takes a fresh approach to explore the development of migrants’ sense of belonging to the receiving society by drawing on an original survey data set collected in 25 highly diverse territories in Spain ( N = 2,648). The results show that cultural and linguistic affinity matter: There is a greater predisposition among immigrants born in Latin America to identify themselves as Spaniards, compared with other immigrant groups. However, self-reported discrimination and deficient residential settings seem to be hindering the development of a significant feeling of belonging to Spain, also among Latin Americans. Public policies aimed at decreasing discrimination against migrants, as well as improving migrant neighborhoods, will favor the integration of these immigrants and their descendants.

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Lara, Laura. "Psychological Well-being of Immigrants in Spain: The Immigrant Paradox." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 132 (May 2014): 544–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.04.351.

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Ronda-Pérez, Elena, José Miguel Martínez, Alison Reid, and Andrés A. Agudelo-Suárez. "Longer Residence of Ecuadorian and Colombian Migrant Workers in Spain Associated with New Episodes of Common Mental Disorders." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 11 (June 6, 2019): 2027. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16112027.

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The healthy migrant effect and its impact on mental health has been reported in the general population of many countries. Information is limited about its impact on working populations. The aim of this study is to estimate the incidence of common mental disorders over a one-year follow-up period among a cohort of Colombian and Ecuadorian employees in Spain, taking into account the duration of residence and comparing with Spanish-born workers. Data was from the Longitudinal Studies on Immigrant Families Project (PELFI), a follow-up survey of immigrants and Spanish-born workers interviewed in 2015 and 2016. Mental health was assessed using the 12-item general health questionnaire (GHQ-12). Crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORas) for common mental disorders by sociodemographic and employment characteristics were created. There were differences for immigrants with time of residence less than or equal to 15 years (time of residence 11–15 years: ORa = 0.06, 95% CI = (0.26–0.01); time of residence 1–10 years: ORa = 0.06, 95% CI = (0.36–0.01)). There was evidence of a healthy immigrant worker effect, as newer arrivals from Ecuador and Columbia to Spain had a lower incidence of common mental disorders than either the Spanish-born or immigrant workers who had lived in Spain for more than 15 years.

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Fierro, Jaime, Sònia Parella, Berta Güell, and Alisa Petroff. "Generational cohorts versus national origin: Explaining the educational attainment among children of Latin American immigrants in Spain." Ethnicities 22, no. 2 (February 14, 2022): 274–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14687968211073134.

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Over the last 25 years, Spain has experienced a significant increase of Latin American immigrants, which has raised questions about their children’s adaptation process. Yet, there is little evidence on the factors that explain school success or failure among this group. This paper aims to fill this gap by using data from the Longitudinal Study of the Second Generation in Spain (ILSEG is its Spanish acronym). The findings show that the children of Latin American immigrants are more likely to attain lower educational levels than the children of Spanish natives. However, concentrating on the national origin variable risks obscuring some underlying adaptive processes—associated with generational age cohorts—involved in differential educational outcomes among immigrant children. The data analyzed show that Latin American immigrant children born in Spain are likely to attain the same educational levels as their native Spanish peers. This finding highlights the importance of being raised in the host country in easing adaptation to the new society and the school system. The paper concludes with some policy suggestions in the field of education. Instead of treating all child migrants uniformly, public policies should address the specific needs of the target groups, emphasizing later arrivals.

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Jaraíz Arroyo, Germán, Francisco Caravaca Sánchez, and Auxiliadora González Portillo. "Non-European Immigration, socio-economic benefits and dynamics of inclusion in Spain. Do immigrants consume a disproportionate share of Social Service benefits?" OBETS. Revista de Ciencias Sociales 16, no. 2 (July 28, 2021): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/obets2021.16.2.07.

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The problematisation of migration has intensified in Europe over the last decade, as the Financial Crisis of 2008 dealt a major blow to social welfare instruments. This context has reinforced the idea that immigrants would consume a disproportionate share of socio-economic resources available through social services, thus displacing the local population. This article examines the case of Spain, analysing the dynamics of accessing socioeconomic inclusion policies developed by public Social Services among immigrants and non-immigrants at risk of social exclusion, based on different secondary sources. The paper shows that is there no evidence that social services resources are being displaced for the socio-economic inclusion of the immigrant population.

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Metawala, Prachi, Kathrin Golda-Pongratz, and Clara Irazábal. "Revisiting Engels’ ‘housing question’: Work and housing conditions of immigrant platform delivery riders in Barcelona." Human Geography 14, no. 2 (May 14, 2021): 243–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/19427786211010131.

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In his 1872 The housing question, Friedrich Engels addressed the housing problems faced by the proletarian migrant workers in major industrial centres. He asserted that they could only be solved by first resolving their harsh working conditions in the capitalist mode of mass production. Presently, with transnational migrant flows to urban centres and the mass acceptance of the digital platform economy, the housing question manifests itself, among other expressions, in the case of immigrants working in this digital contract-based market. While the platform economy provides immigrants with quick access into a host country’s labour market, the income insecurity and high risks associated with such work put them in a state of precariousness. Through the framework of Engels’ proposed action lines and analysis of observations and interviews with immigrant riders working for the food delivery platforms Glovo and Deliveroo, the paper highlights the negative impacts that this contemporary capitalist model of work, the municipal housing plan and the ongoing Covid-19 crisis have on the immigrant riders’ residential and working conditions in Barcelona, Spain, a city facing a severe rental housing shortage. Lastly, it suggests that, while the social market economy in Spain can be reformed to ameliorate the negative impacts of the platform economy on immigrant riders, bridging the gap between immigrant housing provision and employment inclusion would need to consider decent labour and housing as rights for residents, immigrants included, asserting the currency of Engels’ ideas.

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Formoso-Suárez, Angélica M., Jesús Saiz, Deepak Chopra, and Paul J. Mills. "The Impact of Religion and Social Support on Self-Reported Happiness in Latin American Immigrants in Spain." Religions 13, no. 2 (January 26, 2022): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel13020122.

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The Latin American immigrant population in Spain is growing year after year. The aim of this study is to describe how religious coping mechanisms, religiosity, acculturation and social support act in the prediction of happiness within the group of Latin American immigrants with Christian beliefs in Spain. Previous studies indicate that religious practice can be a factor that favors the perception of well-being and happiness in people. It is considered that the existence of close sources of support act as a key resource in facing stressful situations. A questionnaire consisting of 36 items was administered to a sample made up of 206 subjects of different Latin American nationalities who were going through a migration process. It was observed that religiosity, social support, religious coping mechanisms and gender were related to the perception of happiness. The results underline the importance of considering religiosity and social support together while intervening to improve the perception of happiness of Latin American immigrants in Spain.

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Benazizi, Ikram, Elena Ronda-Pérez, Rocío Ortíz-Moncada, and José Martínez-Martínez. "Influence of Employment Conditions and Length of Residence on Adherence to Dietary Recommendations in Immigrant Workers in Spain." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 11 (November 8, 2018): 2488. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112488.

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The objective of this article is to analyze the influence of employment conditions on adherence to dietary recommendations among those born in Spain and immigrants by their time of residence. Data were used from the Platform of Longitudinal Studies of Immigrant Families (PELFI) cohort (n = 215) to compare Spaniards and immigrants with <14 and >14 years of residence. The questionnaire on frequency of food consumption (15 items) was used to measure adherence to dietary recommendations. Logistic regression models were used, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and employment conditions. Adherence to dietary recommendations was greater among Spaniards, followed by immigrants with >14 years of residence and <14 years of residence. The greatest adherence among Spaniards was for eggs (immigrants ≥ 14 years: 1/ORa = 2.89, <14 years: 1/ORa = 3.92), fish (immigrants ≥ 14 immigrants: 1/ORa = 2.33, <14 years: 1/ORa = 4.72), vegetables (immigrants ≥ 14 years: 1/ORa = 3.26, <14 years: 1/ORa = 4.87), dairy products (immigrants ≥ 14 years: 1/ORa = 14.34, <14 years: 1/ORa = 26.78), and sugary drinks (immigrants ≥14 years: 1/ORa = 2.12, <14 years: 1/ORa = 3.48), and the lowest adherence was for the consumption of sausages and cold cuts (immigrants ≥ 14 years: Ora = 7.62, <14 years: ORa = 24.65). Adjusting for sociodemographic and employment conditions variables did not result in variation in the observed differences between Spaniards, immigrants with <14 years of residence, and immigrants with >14 years of residence.

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Antolín, Joaquín Beltrán. "Asian Immigrants in Spain: An Overview." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 11, no. 4 (December 2002): 485–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719680201100407.

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Asian communities in Spain are not very well known in spite of their long settlement and growing population in the country. Spain's transition as a destination for economic migrants has attracted various Asian groups. However, within the growing number of migration studies in Spain, Asians are rarely the focus of inquiry. This article presents an overview of the origin, evolution and current characteristics of the main Asian communities in Spain. The diverse origins of Asian immigrants on the one hand, and the development of migration policies and the economic structure of Spain on the other, are part of the general context within which to understand the settlement of Asian immigrants.

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Chiner, Eusebi, Miriam Nomdedeu, Sandra Vañes, Esther Pastor, Violeta Esteban, Carmen Castelló, Ignacio Boira, Virginia Molina, Juan M. Arriero, and Jose N. Sancho-Chust. "Clinical and Epidemiological Features of Tuberculous Pleural Effusion in Alicante, Spain." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 19 (September 26, 2021): 4392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10194392.

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We aimed to (1) evaluate the incidence of tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) over 25 years in our centre; (2) measure the yield of different diagnostic techniques; (3) compare TPE features between immigrant and native patients. Retrospective study of patients who underwent diagnostic thoracentesis and pleural biopsy in our hospital between 1995 and 2020. TPE was diagnosed in 71 patients (65% natives, 35% immigrants). Onset was acute in 35%, subacute in 26% and prolonged in 39%. Radiological features were atypical in 42%. Thoracentesis specimens were lymphocyte-predominant in 84.5% of patients, with elevated adenosine deaminase in 75% of patients. Diagnostic yield of pleural biopsy was 78%. Compared with native patients, more immigrants had previous contact with TB (54% vs. 17%, p = 0.001), prior TB (21% vs. 4%, p < 0.02) and atypical radiological features (58% vs. 34%, p < 0.03). TPE incidence was six times higher in the immigrant population (6.7 vs. 1.1 per 100,000 person-years, p < 0.001). TPE has an acute onset and sometimes atypical radiological features. Pleural biopsy has the highest diagnostic yield. Reactivation, prior contact with TB, atypical radiological features, complications, and positive microbiology results are more common in immigrant patients.

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Stanek, Mikolaj, and Alberto Veira. "Ethnic niching in a segmented labour market: Evidence from Spain." MIGRATION LETTERS 9, no. 3 (October 28, 2012): 249–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v9i3.96.

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Using the Spanish National Immigrant Survey (NIS-2007) we identify the ethnic niches where workers from five main immigrant communities concentrate. We then implement logit models in order to assess how structural factors and human and social capital variables affect the odds of working in these niches. We observe that the strong segmentation of the Spanish labour market strongly favours the concentration of immigrants in certain occupational niches. Nevertheless, variables related to human and social capital still play a significant role in the placement of immigrant workers in different niches, all of which are not equally attractive.

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Miquel, Mireia, Albert Pardo, Montse Forné, Gemma Martínez-Alpin, Adrià Rodríguez-Castellano, Meritxell Casas, Mercè Rosinach, et al. "Current trends in access to treatment for hepatitis B in immigrants vs non-immigrants." Gastroenterology Report 8, no. 5 (March 27, 2020): 362–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gastro/goaa010.

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Abstract Background Universal vaccination for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and migratory movements have changed the demographic characteristics of this disease in Spain and in Europe. Therefore, we evaluated the characteristics of the disease and the possible differences according to origin (immigrants vs non-immigrants) and access to treatment. Methods This is a multicenter cross-sectional study (June 2014 to May 2015) in which outpatients with a positive HBsAg were seen and followed in four Hepatology units. Demographic and clinical data and indication and access to treatment were collected in two different regions of Catalonia (Spain) where there are no barriers to treatment due to a comprehensive coverage under the National Health System. Results A total of 951 patients were evaluated (48.1% men). Of these, 46.6% were immigrants (58.7% of them were born in Africa) and were significantly younger compared to non-immigrants. The proportions of patients with alcohol consumption, being overweight, and other indicators of metabolic co-morbidities were significantly higher in non-immigrants. Among the 937 patients receiving HBeAg examination, 91.7% were HBeAg-negative. Chronic HBeAg-positive infection was significantly higher in immigrants (3.9% vs 0.6%, P = 0.001) and chronic HBeAg-negative hepatitis was higher non-immigrants (31.7% vs 21.4%, P < 0.001). Not only was the proportion of patients who met treatment criteria significantly higher among non-immigrants (38.4% vs 29.2%, P = 0.003), but also the proportion of those with indication of effectively receiving therapy at the time of data collection (83.2% vs 57.8 %, P < 0.001). Conclusions The immigrant population with HBV is younger and has a lower prevalence of metabolic co-morbidities and a higher frequency of chronic HBeAg infection. Despite having access to care and an indication for treatment, some do not get adequately treated due to several factors including local adaptation that precludes access to treatment.

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Reher, David, and Javier Silvestre. "Internal Migration Patterns of Foreign-Born Immigrants in Spain. A study based on the National Immigrant Survey (ENI-2007)." Revista Internacional de Sociología 69, no. M1 (April 30, 2011): 167–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/ris.2011.im1.390.

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Kosmynka, Stanisław. "The Pakistani community in Spain: social and cultural challenges." Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Sociologica, no. 74 (September 30, 2020): 111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/0208-600x.74.07.

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This article uses the example of the Pakistani community to explore the phenomenon of multiculturalism in Spain. Although Muslims of Maghrebi origin constitute the most numerous immigrant group on the Iberian Peninsula, the Pakistanis are special in that they represent an exceptionally distinctive and hermetic community. The article analyses social, economic and cultural determinants of this community’s situation in Spain. The Raval immigrant neighbourhood in Barcelona exemplifies the mechanisms under study. The article focuses on determinants of Pakistani immigrants’ situation as well as the challenges that arise against the backdrop of interaction between this community and the host society. The author also reflects on the issue of the ethnocultural distinctiveness of this group in normative and institutional terms, and analyses the consequences of this distinctiveness.

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Ugarte Gurrutxaga, M. Idoia, María Angustias Sánchez-Ojeda, Antonio Segura-Fragoso, María Lucilia Cardoso, and Brígida Molina Gallego. "Attitudes towards Immigration among Students in the First Year of a Nursing Degree at Universities in Coimbra, Toledo and Melilla." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21 (October 30, 2020): 7977. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217977.

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Increased migration has led to increased prejudice towards immigrant populations. This study aims to analyse attitudes towards immigration among student nurses in three universities, two in Spain and one in Portugal. Methodology: A descriptive, transversal, prospective study was carried out among student nurses (n = 624), using the Attitude towards Immigration in Nursing scale. Results: Nursing students showed some positive attitudes towards immigration, such as that immigrants should have the right to maintain their customs or that immigrants should have free access to healthcare and education, in contrast to some negative attitudes, such as that crime rates have increased due to immigration or that immigrants receive more social welfare assistance than natives. Significant differences in attitudes were revealed between students from the three universities. Discussion: Training in transcultural nursing is necessary for all nursing students in order to reduce negative attitudes towards the immigrant population and increase the awareness and sensitivity of future healthcare staff in caring for patients of all backgrounds.

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Rawat, Anshu. "Migration and Integration: A Study of Immigrants in Spain." International Journal of Historical Insight and Research 7, no. 2 (May 1, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.48001/ijhir.2021.07.02.001.

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This paper traces the history of the Moroccan, Romanian, Ecuadorian and Chinese immigrants in Spain. It focuses on two dimensions of integration: access to the labour market and the level of discrimination faced by immigrants. By analysing the socio-economic and political changes taking place in these sending countries it seeks to understand the diverse factors that propelled migration. Migration to Spain is predominantly economic. In order to understand the integration of immigrants in Spain it is essential to analyse the labour market mobility in conjunction with the protection against discrimination as this reflects equality of opportunity coupled with a positive attitude towards inclusion in society. The 20th century led to economic growth and an increased demand for low skilled labourers prompting migration towards Spain. Lack of employment opportunities and political instability in the home countries, larger changes in the world such as the Oil Crisis, creation of Israel, discontinuation of labor recruitment by North-western European Countries were major push factors. Immigrants face discrimination in their access to the labour market. Unequal treatment is experienced by most immigrants except the Chinese who are respected for their hard work but mocked for their appearance.

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Rodríguez Izquierdo, Rosa María. "Estudio de las actitudes hacia la escuela y de las expectativas educativas de los estudiantes de origen inmigrante." education policy analysis archives 23 (December 20, 2015): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v23.2161.

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The ongoing arrival of a number of immigrants to the Spanish educational system is triggering deep social transformations. Year after year, schools clearly see the number of newcomers from different countries increase. Immigrant youth are often linked to negative student attitudes toward school and low educational expectations but few studies inquire about these representations from students’ own perspectives. The research method involved conducting interviews with 189 students in secondary and junior high schools of Seville province (Spain) who had immigrant backgrounds from Latin America, Africa, Asia, and countries of Eastern Europe. The study concludes that these immigrant students feel strongly committed to their studies, demonstrating a high sense of educational expectation, and differences existed according to the geographical origin and time in Spain. These data question the stereotyped, reductionist generalizations linking immigrant youth with poor school performance and poor positive attitudes towards school.

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Casillas-Clot, Javier, Pamela Pereyra-Zamora, and Andreu Nolasco. "Determinants of Disability in Minority Populations in Spain: A Nationwide Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 7 (March 29, 2021): 3537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073537.

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Some population groups could be especially vulnerable to the effects of population ageing. The Global Activity Limitation Indicator (GALI) has been proposed as a measure of disability, but it has not been used in minority groups. The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of disability using the GALI and to analyse its determinants in immigrant and Roma populations. Data from the Spanish National Health Survey 2017 and the National Health Survey of the Roma Population 2014 were used, including adults aged 50 and above. Prevalence of disability was estimated, and odds ratios were calculated using logistic regression models to assess the association between disability and demographic, socioeconomic, and health variables. The prevalence of disability was estimated at 39.4%, 30.6%, and 58.7% in the native, immigrant, and Roma populations, respectively. Gender was a common determinant for the native and Roma populations. On the other hand, among immigrants, the risk of disability increased over the time residing in Spain. There were significant interactions with age and gender in the native population. Disability has different determinants in the three population groups. Public health measures to protect the Roma population and immigrants’ health should be considered.

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March, Sebastià, Barbara Villalonga, Carmen Sanchez-Contador, Clara Vidal, Aina Mascaro, Maria de Lluc Bennasar, and Magdalena Esteva. "Barriers to and discourses about breast cancer prevention among immigrant women in Spain: a qualitative study." BMJ Open 8, no. 11 (November 2018): e021425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-021425.

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ObjectivesTo identify knowledge, barriers and discourses about breast cancer screening in Spain among female immigrants from low-income countries and native Spanish women from a low socioeconomic class.DesignQualitative interview study with thematic analysis interpreted using cultural mediators.SettingMallorca, Spain.ParticipantsThirty-six in-depth interviews, using cultural mediators, of immigrant women living in Mallorca who were 50–69 years old and were from Maghreb, Sub-Saharan Africa, Eastern Europe, Latin America, China or were native to Spain and from a low socioeconomic class.ResultsWe analysed the interviews to assess breast cancer perceptions and beliefs, discourses about breast cancer prevention and barriers to accessing breast cancer prevention programmes. Although the women reported an association of breast cancer with death, they acknowledged the effectiveness of early detection. They also exhibited reluctance to talk about cancer. Discourses about cancer prevention tended to be proactive or fatalistic, depending on the woman’s country of origin. For all women, fear of results and lack of time were barriers that limited participation in breast cancer prevention programmes. Language barriers, frequent changes of residence and fear due to status as an irregular (undocumented) immigrant were barriers specific to immigrant women.ConclusionsThe culture of origin affects whether an immigrant has a fatalistic or proactive approach toward breast cancer screening. Immigrants from low-income countries and Spanish natives from a low socioeconomic class experience barriers in access to breast cancer screening. Frequently changing homes is also a barrier for immigrant women.

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Ou, Yiyun, and Lidia Taillefer. "sociolinguistic perspective on language competency of ´Chinese children in Spain." HUMAN REVIEW. International Humanities Review / Revista Internacional de Humanidades 11, Monográfico (December 21, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.37467/revhuman.v11.4198.

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As second generation immigrants, children of Chinese origin in Spain confront a complicated linguistic setting. The objective of this comparative sociolinguistic research, with the participation of 160 children of Chinese origin, is to analyze their sociolinguistic situation in Malaga (Spain), including both external and internal factors (i.e., socio-economic status, education level, language attitudes, identity, motivations, etc.) that affect their linguistic competency and learning. Our methodology is based on quantitative and qualitative data from questionnaires, observations, tests and interviews to explain the linguistic patterns of immigrant children. Tests were completed also by 40 Spanish children and by 40 native Chinese children.

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Larramona, Gemma. "Out-migration of immigrants in Spain." Population (English Edition) 68, no. 2 (2013): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/pope.1302.0213.

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Matiz Bulla, Francisco Javier, and Esther Hormiga. "Highly‐skilled Colombian immigrants in Spain." Education + Training 53, no. 5 (June 28, 2011): 448–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00400911111147749.

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Cobos, Amparo Sánchez. "Anarchist Immigrants in Spain and Argentina." Hispanic American Historical Review 96, no. 2 (April 26, 2016): 407–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-3484846.

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Levy, Carl. "Anarchist immigrants in Spain and Argentina." Journal of Spanish Cultural Studies 20, no. 4 (October 2, 2019): 585–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14636204.2019.1693007.

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Cabezas-Fernández, M. Teresa, Joaquin Salas-Coronas, Ana Belen Lozano-Serrano, Jose Vazquez-Villegas, M. Isabel Cabeza-Barrera, and Fernando Cobo. "Strongyloidiasis in immigrants in Southern Spain." Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica 33, no. 1 (January 2015): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eimc.2014.06.010.

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Valero-Garcés, Carmen. "Interaction and conversational constrictions in the relationships between suppliers of services and immigrant users." Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 12, no. 4 (December 1, 2002): 469–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/prag.12.4.04val.

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This article deals with aspects of interaction between doctors and immigrant users whose native language is not Spanish (immigrant non-native speakers of Spanish: INNSS) in healthcare centers in Spain. The methodological focus is based on institutional conversation analysis following Drew and Heritage’s studies (Drew & Heritage 1992; Heritage 1997; Drew and Sarjonen 1997), and ethnographic research (Cicourel 1992). It is my intention to examine the characteristics and peculiarities -if any- of doctor-patient interaction when the participants are immigrants and non-native speakers of Spanish who are not fluent in the language of interaction, in this case Spanish. The study is based on quantitative and qualitative data which come from surveys and recordings carried out in healthcare centers in northern Madrid, Spain, during 2000 - 2001.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Immigrants – Spain'

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