Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Immigrants Services for Australia'

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1

Loewald, Uyen, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, and School of Social Ecology and Lifelong Learning. "Multicultural community development." THESIS_XXX_SELL_Loewald_U.xml, 1994. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/341.

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This thesis is concerned with migrants’ experience of their acceptance and well-being in Australian society, particularly the unconscious processes reflected in dreams and communication patterns; the provision of services intended to be of help in settlement; and the relationship between the unconscious processes and the provision of services. Collaborating with clients, colleagues who share similar interests and concerns, people with special skills and cultural knowledge, and some Management Committee members of the Migrant Resource Centre of Canberra and Queanbeyan, Inc. the author has investigated the multicultural unconscious, government policies and guidelines related to services to recent arrivals and people of non-English-speaking backgrounds, measures to address gaps in services for appropriate improvement. The research approach is naturalistic with a strong emphasis on the author’s personal reflections and case studies of people and projects.
Master of Science (Hons) Social Ecology
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2

Keel, Monique. "Refugee settlement: Acculturation, ethnic identity, ethnicity and social network development." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1999. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1269.

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Refugees arriving in Australia undergo a number of settlement processes including adaptation and acculturation, social support and network development, and an exploration of their ethnic identity. This research examines the settlement processes of mixed marriage refugees from what was Yugoslavia who arrived in Perth, Western Australia in the early to mid 1990's. A mixed marriage is one where the couple are from different ethnic backgrounds. This research has two main aims. The first aim is to examine the processes of acculturation and adaptation, the development of social support networks, and ethnic identity, within the refugees. These processes provide a framework from which to understand the settlement process. The second aim is to investigate the initial settlement programs and supports provided by Australia's government and community groups, and to provide recommendations for future service provision. Throughout the research, the experiences of the refugees are located within the sociopolitical context of the conflict in what was Yugoslavia and their migration. The impact of the refugees' ethnicity and ethnic identity is also considered. The research was comprised of a study in two stages. The first stage involved scoping interviews with critical participants and refugees to identify key conceptual domains for the purpose of guiding subsequent interviews. The second stage consisted of multiple-case, conversational interviews with 12 mixed marriage refugees from what was Yugoslavia. Data was analysed thematically and the results indicated that the participants were moving towards an acculturation outcome of bi-culturalism. The majority have taken out Australian citizenship, were proud of and grateful for it and saw it as a security for the future. The results also indicated that ethnicity impacts on the development of social networks. The participants generally socialised with other mixed marriage refugees as they felt comfortable and emotionally supported by them. Mainstream Australians provided more instrumental support. The participants referred to a feeling of belonging to Australia increasing with participation in the community and have made substantial efforts to understand the Australian way of life. Feeling part of the Australian community was a process that was taking time. The participants described their ethnic identity as either Yugoslav or Bosnian, regardless of their ethnicity. Whilst maintaining this identity, being Australian was also important and did not conflict with feeling Yugoslav or Bosnian. The links between the various settlement processes are discussed as well as the validity of the research process and recommendations for future research and for settlement programs. The results illustrated the diversity of experiences of the participants as well as a commonality resulting from their being in a mixed marriage. With respect to the second aim, the initial settlement experience is characterised by stress, due in part to the nature of the refugee experience and exacerbated by a lack of English, receiving confusing and untimely information, difficulties in finding work and difficulties in meeting mainstream Australians. The refugees who went through the On-Arrival Accommodation program felt less supported than those who went through the Community Resettlement Support Scheme, which offered a chance to meet Australians and provided better material assistance.
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3

Flanagan, Annette F. "Gender, Jobs and Geographic Origin of Australian Immigrants." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1999. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc935699/.

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This thesis examines access to managerial jobs in the Australian labor market by immigrant women and men from five continents and five individual countries. Comparisons were not made only among both continent and country groups, but also between the women and men within each group, as a measure of occupational gender inequality. An index of managerial representation in the Australian labor market (MORI) was computed and nine independent variables were applied to measure immigrant representation in managerial occupations. Rank order correlates were used to calculate relationships between variables. Results indicate that women (with the exception of Vietnamese) from all countries were disproportionately underrepresented in managerial jobs and that the more dissimilar immigrant men are to native born Australians, the less likely they are to hold managerial jobs.
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Panameno, Javier Martín, and Carlos Morales. "Perceptions of social services among immigrants." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2007. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3085.

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This project focused on immigrants' perceptions of social services and social workers. The study employed the post positivist paradigm. The project was conducted with legal and illegal immigrants who received services at Bilingual Family Counseling Service in the city of Ontario, CA. The study found that the immigrants' perceptions about social service agencies and social workers were multi-determined by at least three elements: knowledge, experiences, and attitudes. The dynamic interaction between experiences and attitudes shaped the immigrants' perceptions. Most of the respondents had a positive attitude toward social workers and social services agencies.
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5

Ho, Christina. "Migration as feminisation Chinese women's experiences of work and family in contemporary Australia /." Connect to full text, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/615.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2004.
Title from title screen (viewed 8 May 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the School of Economics and Political Science, Faculty of Economics and Business. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.
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Nguyen, Chinh. "Supportive services for immigrants| A grant proposal." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1527019.

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The number of immigrants in the United States will increase by a projected 18.4 million per year. In Orange County, immigrants are the fastest growing segment with an estimated population of983,000. If immigration levels continue to increase and immigrant parents and children continue to live in poverty, then they are expected to demonstrate higher crime rates, parent-child relationship problems, child disciplinary or behavioral problems, lower academic performance, severe mental health issues, and more discrimination and prejudice.

The proposed program will provide education (for parents), counseling (for all participants), and mentorship (for adolescents, children, and transitional-aged youth). These culturally sensitive services will aim to: (a) alleviate the conflict within immigrant families, (b) mitigate the challenges and issues of acculturation and assimilation, and (c) empower positive life choices that enable them to maximize their potential. The actual submission of the proposal was not a requirement of the thesis.

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7

Ziaian, Tahereh. "The psychological effects of migration on Persian women immigrants in Australia /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phz64.pdf.

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8

Ortiz, Valdez Miguel Alberto. "Integrating faith into social services for homeless immigrants." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2003. http://www.tren.com.

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9

Liyanaratchi, Karunatissa Hal, and not supplied. "Employment problems of recent Sri Lankan skilled immigrants in Australia." RMIT University. Education, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20070214.163019.

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The aim of this thesis is to examine the employment situation of recent Sri Lankan skilled immigrants in Victoria and whether they need further education and re-training in order to face emerging technological changes or to update their skills. The underemployment and unemployment problem faced by the Sri Lankan skilled immigrants is an issue for both the Australian economy and the migrants. The following set of premises has been used for the study; a) the migrants' educational qualifications, training and skills are recognised by the Department of Immigration Multicultural & Indigenous Affairs (DIMIA) of Australia, b) they are having difficulties in finding and keeping suitable jobs, although some have found employment commensurate with their qualifications, and c) the reason for their difficulties are many and complex. The essential format of the research is to identify and explain the many and complex reasons for such unemployment or underemployment. This study is based upon a survey of three contrasting Sri Lankan immigrant groups: a) trade persons and related workers with certificates or no qualifications b) technical or associate professionals with diploma or associate diploma level qualifications and c) professionals (engineers) with university degrees or their equivalent. Subjects for the surveys were through three relevant alumni organisations based in Melbourne, and through personal contact. The survey was supplemented with some applying qualitative methods that involved unstructured interviews, and small case studies. Recommendations have been proposed to assist in solving the issues that were identified through the study. Although the recommendations mentioned in the study provide a starting point, it is stressed that further research is needed to be undertaken before implementing such suggested solutions. Therefore, this thesis serves as a foundation in highlighting the loss of services of skilled immigrants within the labour market in Australia, particularly among the Sri Lankan community, and proposing recommendations to address this issue.
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Quinn, Cheryl Jane. "Attributions towards 'illegal immigrants', 'refugees' and 'asylum seekers' in Australia /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SSPS/09sspsq73.pdf.

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11

Aizpurúa, Romina Iebra. "Through the women's eyes Latin American women's experience of immigration to Australia /." full-text, 2008. http://eprints.vu.edu.au/2051.

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12

Wong, Christopher Kway-Man. "The adjustment-adaptation of Asian immigrants during intercultural transition in Brisbane /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16431.pdf.

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13

Loewald, Uyen. "Multicultural community development /." View thesis, 1994. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20031202.153318/index.html.

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14

Choy, Sheung-sheung Maggie. "An analysis of the pre-migration services preparing mainland wives to join their husbands /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20131227.

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15

Candy, Judith. "Early education : experiences and perceptions of minority group parents and young children." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2004. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/783.

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In Australia there has been little research into the experiences and perceptions of education of parents from different minority groups whose young children attend school in this country. This study investigated the experiences that overseas born parents from non-English speaking backgrounds have of their own and their children's education in countries outside Australia, experiences of their children's early education in Australia, as well as those of their young children between 6 and 9 years of age attending school in this country. Despite marked differences in educational policies and practices operating in the participants' countries of origin, almost all parents in this study had experiences of education in childhood which were unlikely to be conducive to the building of warm and friendly future relationships with teachers and schools. Feelings of fear and hostility due to the extremely formal role methods, repressive discipline, and harsh corporal punishment administered by authoritarian and often cruel teachers, particularly in early primary years, were consistently described as pervasive elements in the education of most of the parents participating. In contrast, many aspects• of education in Australia were regarded as superior, however unsatisfactory communication, lack of awareness and interest demonstrated by schools and teachers meant that many of these parents also had negative experiences of education in this country. Dissatisfaction with their children's progress resulting in feelings of powerlessness due to the perceived lack of information, concerns about insufficient academic rigour, motivation and discipline were a source' of anxiety for many participants. Discussions with the young children of participants revealed their preferences for non academic activities outside the classroom, and those involving creativity •and/or• motor skills. Children's dislikes related mainly to relationships with their peer group, with difficulties in making /retaining friendships, bullying and racism as issues of concern. Relationships with teachers seemed to be both positive and negative, however little help with problems concerning the peer group seemed forthcoming, and minimal evidence of positive affirmation of the cultural and linguistic differences of these children was noted. Recommendations and implications include the need for teachers and schools to develop more cultural awareness in order to understand the differing perspectives of linguistically and culturally diverse families, and appreciate the role that parents’ prior experiences of education play in the formation of attitudes towards their children’s education. The importance of improving relationships, building authentic collaborative partnerships between teachers and minority group parents, and providing more information about school goals and programmes with opportunities to discuss these freely, is stressed. The use of overseas born parents’ expertise and home experiences both as resources to facilitate optimum outcomes for their children, and a means of increasing respect, understanding and trust between linguistically and culturally diverse families and the “mainstream” school population, is also strongly recommended.
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O, Jung Mi, University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College, and of Science Food and Horticulture School. "Food habits and eating patterns of Korean adult immigrants in Australia." THESIS_CSTE_SFH_O_J.xml, 2003. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/462.

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Migration is one of life events that may change lifestyle, including new cultural norms, language and community systems as well as dietary patterns. Changing dietary patterns from traditional eating patterns to those typical of a western lifestyle has been associated with increased risk of disease. Furthermore, new food use patterns develop through the rejection of traditional and the acceptance of culturally new food habits. The purpose of this study is to identify the food habits and meal patterns of Koreans living in Australia, and any relationship between length of residence and change in eating habits. The method used for this research was a self reported questionnaire, administered in an interview and 3 day food records. One hundred adults living in the Korean community in Sydney were surveyed. The collected data were coded and analysed by using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 10. Descriptive analyses, for example mean and standard deviation, were carried out to determine the respondents’ attitudes toward food habits. The personal information data were also analysed by SPSS using frequency tables to describe the study sample. The results indicated that food habits had no significant differences dependent upon length of residence. Food habits were slightly affected by availability of income, occupation and religious beliefs. Food consumption frequency showed increased meat and dairy products. However, the consumption of rice and fish products decreased.
Master of Science (Hons)
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17

Jancz, Marek Waclaw. "Social and Psychological Adjustments of First Generation Polish Immigrants to Australia." University of Sydney. Psychology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/363.

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The primary aim of this research was to find predictors of psycho-social adjustment of Polish immigrants to Sydney, Australia. There were two sets of independent variables considered: i) personal characteristics, including: intelligence, extraversion, neuroticism, style of attribution and self-acceptance and ii) demographic information, consisted of: age, gender, length of residence, marital status, number of children, educational level, yearly income, immigration status (dependent vs. independent immigration) and residential status. The dependent variables were social (adaptation and assimilation) and psychological adjustment. The hypotheses tested in the study were that each of these personal and demographic characteristics would be associated with adaptation and/or assimilation, and psychological well-being. The two samples (both studies) were composed of more than 200 first generation Polish immigrants who arrived in Australia after 1980. No significant gender differences were found. The internal consistency and principal components structure of Adaptation and Assimilation were examined, and the measures were refined. There were employed standard measurements (i.e. GHQ, BDI, BAI, EPI, ASQ, Raven Matrices and WAIS-Vocabulary) and newly developed measures (i.e. the Social Adjustment Scale and the Self-Acceptance Questionnaire). The general results suggested that psycho-social adjustment was best predicted by three pre-arrival characteristics (extraversion, education and self-acceptance), and post-arrival employment status and length of residence. There were, however, some differences in regard to the particular aspects of psycho-social adjustment. Better adaptation was meaningfully related to employment (income) and education in Study 1, and self-acceptance, employment and extraversion in Study 2; better assimilation seemed to be significantly predicted by education, age of arrival and length of residence (Study 1), and self-acceptance, extraversion, education and age of arrival (Study 2). Psychological [mal]adjustment was best indicated by globality and stability in attributing negative events (Study 1), lower self-acceptance and lack of employment status (Study 2).
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Jancz, Marek. "Social and psychological adjustment of first generation Polish immigrants to Australia." Connect to full text, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/363.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2000.
Includes questionnaires and tables. Title from title screen (viewed Apr. 23, 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Dept. of Psychology, Faculty of Science. Includes bibliography. Also available in print form.
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19

Tcha, Sooyoung S. "Leisure patterns, constraints and socio-demographic characteristics of Korean immigrants in Western Australia." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2000. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1341.

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This study investigated the patterns of and constraints to leisure participation of Korean immigrants in Western Australia. The socioeconomic and demographic attributes of Korean immigrants were examined using descriptive statistical methods and their effects on leisure participation were rigorously analysed using quantitative techniques, based on data that were collected from Korean immigrants in Western Australia. The study showed that Korean immigrants participated in more passive leisure activities such as home-based ones. Participation in more active or western style leisure activities especially sports was found to be considerably low. The study also looked at which variables could explain the change in leisure participation patterns after migration, using regression analysis. The results showed that only limited variables such as age or gender were found to affect the change in leisure participation significantly. Another issue pursued in this study was the importance and determinants of leisure constraints recognised by the immigrants. These leisure constraints consisted of personal, structural and environmental categories. The results revealed that in general Korean immigrants did not regard leisure constraints important. They also showed that only limited numbers of socio-demographic and acculturation variables could explain the importance of constraints.
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Guillén, Ana, and Simret Kebede. "Undocumented immigrants in Sweden stonewalled from accessing services: Professionals’ perspective." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för socialt arbete och kriminologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-36510.

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The social exclusion of undocumented immigrants is a global phenomenon that concerns the social work profession. Despite laws that protect human rights, undocumented immigrants in many countries are facing multiple challenges associated with a lack of legal status, including in Sweden. This study aims to examine how the legal and other associated barriers act as exclusion mechanisms against undocumented immigrants in Sweden when accessing services. Data collection through a qualitative method, involving semi-structured interviews with professionals engaged in supporting this group, was carried out. The results were analyzed by using a deductive thematic analysis, applying the social exclusion theory, as well as using earlier research on the subject. The findings revealed the existence of structural barriers that exclude undocumented immigrants regarding accessing services; where civil society has intervened to give support. The findings also reflect that it has been difficult for social workers to act on the situation.
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Beaton, Leigh S. L. "Westralian Scots: Scottish settlement and identity in Western Australia, arrivals 1829-1850." Thesis, Beaton, Leigh S. L. (2004) Westralian Scots: Scottish settlement and identity in Western Australia, arrivals 1829-1850. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2004. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/247/.

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Before the end of 1850, Scottish settlers in Western Australia represented a small minority group of what was, in terms of the European population, a predominantly English colony. By comparison to the eastern Australian colonies, Western Australia attracted the least number of Scottish migrants. This thesis aims to broaden the historiography of Scottish settlement in Australia in the nineteenth century by providing insights into the lives of Westralian Scots. While this thesis broadly documents Scottish settlement, its main focus is Scottish identity. Utilising techniques of nominal record linkage and close socio-biographical scrutiny, this study looks beyond institutional manifestations of Scottish identity to consider the ways in which Scottishness was maintained in everyday lives through work, social and religious practices. This thesis also demonstrates the multi-layered expressions of national identity by recognising Scottish identity in the Australian colonies as both Scottish and British. The duality of a Scottish and British identity made Scots more willing to identify eventually as Westralian Scots.
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Beaton, Leigh S. L. "Westralian Scots : Scottish settlement and identity in Western Australia, arrivals 1829-1850 /." Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 2004. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20050602.121220.

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Alati, Rosa. "The health of migrant youth in Australia : a longitudinal study /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17677.pdf.

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Messier, Marielle. "Les modèles de services réservés aux élèves nouveaux arrivants : une étude comparée entre Montréal et Toronto /." Montréal : Immigration et métropoles, 1997. http://im.metropolis.net/research-policy/research%5Fcontent/Messier.html.

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Zhang, Xiao Jun, and n/a. "Analysis of Chinese literature in Australia during the last decade (1989-2000)." University of Canberra. Languages & International Education, 2002. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061112.120716.

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As one of the largest non-English speaking groups in Australia, Chinese immigrants, refugees and sojourners are becoming more visible and have begun to exert more influence on Australian society. These groups can be better understood by reading and analysing Chinese literature in Australia because these contemporary Chinese literary works discuss a numbers of issues, such as how migrants and refugees adapted to the host culture while preserving their traditional culture; how they became involved into the new society and became a part of it; and what anxieties and difficulties they encountered in the process of displacement and transition. The current study uses the theories of both cultural studies and inter-cultural communication theorists to examine literary works written in Chinese by Chinese immigrants to Australia. Literary theory is also used as a methodological tool to analyse the writings. The study compares the works of writers from mainland China with the writings of Chinese from other country ('Chinese outsiders'). Although the two groups write on similar themes, the research shows that the characteristics, and the general perspectives they present are quite different from one another.
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Ng, Wai-hung Edward. "An exploratory study of the factors affecting community centres in delivering services to new immigrants." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20129786.

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Chooi, Cheng Yeen. "Blooding a lion in Little Bourke Street : the creation, negotiation and maintenance of Chinese ethnic identity in Melbourne." Title page, contents and summary only, 1986. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARM/09armc548.pdf.

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O???Connor, Patricia Mary School of Biological Earth &amp Environmental Sciences UNSW. "The multiple experiences of migrancy, Irishness and home among contemporary Irish immigrants in Melbourne, Australia." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/23071.

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This study examines the experiences of post-1980 Irish immigrants in Australia using Greater Melbourne as a case study. It has three main but interrelated objectives. Firstly, it establishes the origins, characteristics, dynamics and outcomes of contemporary Irish migration to Australia. Secondly, it explores informants??? multiple experiences of Irishness in both Ireland and Australia. Thirdly, it examines how migrancy and identity issues were related to informants??? sense of belonging and home. Identity is approached in this study from a constructivist perspective. Accordingly, identity is conceptualised as dynamic, subject to situational stimuli and existing in juxtaposition to a constructed ???other???. Prior to migration, a North/South, Protestant/Catholic ???other??? provided the bases for identity constructions in Ireland. The experiences of immigrants from both Northern and Southern Ireland are examined so that the multiple pre- and post-migration experiences of Irishness can be captured. Face-to-face interviews with 203 immigrants provide the study???s primary data. Migration motivation was found to be multifactorial and contained a strong element of adventure. Informal chain migration, based on relationship linkages in Australia, was important in directing flows and meeting immigrants??? post-arrival accommodation needs. Only 28 percent of the sample initially saw their move as permanent and onethird were category jumpers. A consolidation of Irish identity occurred post-migration. This was most pronounced among Northern Protestants and was largely predicated on informants??? perceptions of how Britishness and Irishness were constructed in Australia. For Northern respondents, the freedom to express Irishness may have masked an enforced Irishness that evolved in response to perceived negative constructions of Britishness, and their experiences of homogenisation with Southern immigrants. Hierarchies within white privilege in Australia, based on origin and accent, were indicated by the study findings. Movement and identity were related through the transnational practices of informants. Separation from familial and friendship networks prompted high levels of return visitation and telephone contact with their homeland, establishing the group as a highly transnational in relational terms. Examining the experiences of this invisible immigrant group through a constructionist lens contributed to the broader understanding of whiteness, transnationalism and the Irish diaspora generally.
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Kannan, Sharmini, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Pappadums in paradise? Journeys of Indian migrant women to Australia." Deakin University. School of Communication and Creative Arts, 2002. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20050915.113531.

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The blue glass is always the hardest to find. On the beach you catch the waves bringing back the glass from forgotten tossed bottles, frosted green, clear, or mottled pale brown. But the blue glass - that's the real thing. I search for days without finding any. Sometimes there are slivers; other days, small chunks. Like a beachcomber, I comb the sands for it. I take the glass home and make some into jewellery and touchstones for people to hang on to; pour essential oils on others so the scents waft heavenward and meld together with the glass to form a bond. Words are like that. They can fuse with each other and ignite, or just quietly combine, On sunny days, I take my books with me to the beach. I toss words back and forth in my mind, like churning waves. I cobble them together, A phrase here. A sentence there. The water. The sun. The sand. The glass. The words. The paper. The Connection. I find myself enveloped in it all. The glass is from bottles tossed into the surf by unthinking people - picnickers, vacationers, those who don't have to return here and live with the remnants of their actions. Over time, the broken glass is ground and moulded by the action of the waves; the sharp edges are softened and etched by the sand and water, The sea glass is washed up on shore and picked up by beachcombers. Some recycle it for other uses like me; others just keep it as a reminder of a day at the beach. The words I sift through as I sit on the sand are measured in the sea glass. I pick each word up and look through it to see how much light shines through. What use do 1 have for it? A poem? An essay? A fragment of a sentence, for something to be said in the future? I watch the sun rest uneasily on its bed of water and slide slowly, farther down. I know the hot summer is coming to a close and I am loath to let go of the closeness I feel with nature. I live to find the blue glass, and sometimes it just happens. My search for Indian migrant women was like my quest for the blue glass. It was not an easy task. It became a process of rummaging through other people's lives, searching for fragments and relics. Eventually I was able to fit pieces together to form a mosaic of their lives in that other time, that other place. And also in this present time, in this place they now call home, Australia.
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De, Leon Susana Michelle. "ATTITUDES AND EXPERIENCES OF UNDOCUMENTED LATINO IMMIGRANTS WHEN SEEKING MEDICAL SERVICES." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/659.

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Undocumented immigrants have historically been excluded from the medical care system. This study explored the attitudes and experiences of undocumented Latino immigrants when seeking medical services in the San Bernardino County. It aimed to share the stories of undocumented immigrants that often go untold and provide valuable insight into the needs and concerns of this population. The exploratory study utilized a qualitative approach through interviews. Data was collected through in person and over the phone interviews, which were then transcribed and analyzed using a constant comparative method. The findings of this study identified barriers and challenges faced by undocumented immigrants including a lack of equal access to healthcare, a lack of knowledge in navigating the healthcare system, stigma and discrimination, language, finances, culture, and fear. Both negative and positive experiences were shared, along with advice provided by participants for undocumented immigrants. This study carried important implications for medical professionals, agencies, and policy makers to better address the needs and concerns of undocumented patients. Research recommendations included implementing programs based off this study’s findings and exploring the attitudes and experiences of this population when seeking mental health services. Further research is encouraged to work towards dismantling the barriers faced by the undocumented immigrant population.
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Venables, Eleanor Sybil. "The women from Rhodesia : an auto-ethnographic study of immigrant experience and [Re] aggregration in Western Australia /." Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 2003. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20040713.201348.

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Iuliano, Susanna. "Sebben che siamo donne (although we are women) : a comparative study of Italian immigrant women in post-war Canada and Australia." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38537.

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Understanding the lives of Italian women who migrated to Canada and Australia in the post-war period is the goal of this thesis. Although governments assigned women secondary roles as dependants and 'followers' in the migration process, I argue that Italian women were central, not marginal, to the migration and settlement experiences of Italian immigrants. By placing Italian women front and centre of this study, I contribute to a small but growing body of work that challenges the male-centred perspective of most literature on Italian-Canadian and Italian-Australian migration and ethnicity.
This thesis is structured within a feminist framework and uses interdisciplinary methods to gather and interpret quantitative and qualitative information about the lives of Italian immigrant women in post-war Canada and Australia. Using government and church archives, personal interviews, ethnic newspapers, legal documents, marriage registers and participant observer fieldwork, I explore three major themes.
Firstly, I examine Italian immigrant women's understanding of power relations within their homes and workplaces. Rather than cast women as either passive victims or all-conquering heroines, I present the complexity of the sources of power and weakness in immigrant women's lives. I argue that Italian immigrant women had to cope with exploitation and disadvantage because of their class, gender and ethnic status. However, they responded to these challenges with resistance and resilience, and were able to affect change and wield power within certain constraints.
Secondly, I compare the experiences of migration and settlement for Italian immigrant women in Canada and Australia and show how women's experiences were united by common gender concerns. I found overwhelming similarities between the family lives and work experiences of Italian-Canadian and Italian-Australian immigrant women, and in the government policies and programs that attempted to direct their migration and settlement in the post-war period.
Finally, I examine how Italian immigrant women helped to construct what it means to be 'Italian' in post-war Canada and Australia. I show how gender roles assigned to, and chosen by, Italian-Canadian and Italian-Australian women, served as boundary markers for ethnic difference. Perceived differences in attitudes towards waged work, mothering, family responsibilities and sexuality were used by Italian immigrant women to distinguish themselves as members of an ethnic collective.
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Mortensen, Wayne. "Customer-supplier relations in the Australian information technology and telecommunications industry : a strategic perspective." Monash University, Faculty of Business and Economics, 1997. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8075.

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34

Faine, Miriam. "At home in Australia: identity, nation and the teaching of English as a second language to adult immigrants in Australia." Monash University. Faculty of Education, 2009. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/68741.

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This is an autoethnographic study (e.g. Brodkey, 1994) based on ‘stories’ from my own personal and professional journey as an adult ESL teacher which I use to narrate some aspects of adult ESL teaching. With migration one of the most dramatically contested spheres of modern political life world wide (Hall, 1998), adult English as a Second Language (ESL) teaching is increasingly a matter of social concern and political policy, as we see in the current political debates in Australia concerning immigration, citizenship and language. In Australia as an imagined community (Anderson, 1991), the song goes ‘we are, you are Australian and in one voice we sing’. In this study I argue that this voice of normative ‘Australianess’ is discursively aligned with White Australians as native speakers (an essential, biological formulation). Stretching Pennycook’s (1994a) argument that ELT (English Language Teaching) as a discourse aligns with colonialism, I suggest that the field of adult ESL produces, classifies and measures the conditions of sameness and difference to this normative ‘Australian’. The second language speaker is discursively constructed as always a deficient communicator compared with the native speaker. The binary between an imagined homogeneous Australia and the ‘migrant’ as essentially other, works against the inclusion of the learner into the dominant groups represented by their teachers, so that the intentions of adult ESL pedagogy and provision are mitigated by this imagining, problematizing and containing of the learners as other. The role of ESL teachers is to supervise (Hage, 1998) the incorporation of this other. Important policy interventions (e.g. Department of Immigration and Citizenship, 2006; ALLP, 1991a) are based on understanding the English language as a universalist framework of language competences inherent in the native speaker; on understanding language as consisting of fixed structures which are external to the learner and their social contexts; and on a perception that language as generic, transferable cognitive skills can be taught universally with suitable curricula and sufficient funding. Conversely in this study I recognise language as linguistic systems that define groups and regulate social relations, forming ‘a will to community’ (Pennycook, op. cit.) or ‘communities of practice’ (Lave & Wenger, 1991). Language as complex local and communal practices emerges from specific contexts. Language is embedded in acts of identity (e.g. Bakhtin, 1981) developing through dialogue, involving the emotions as well as the intellect, so that ‘voice’ is internal to desires and thoughts and hence part of identity. Following Norton (2000) who links the practices of adult ESL learners as users of English within the social relations of their every day lives, with their identities as “migrants”, I suggest that the stabilisation of language by language learners known as interlanguage reflects diaspora as a hybrid life world. More effective ESL policies, programs and pedagogies that assist immigrant learners feel ‘at home’ within Australia as a community of practice (Wenger, 1998) rest on understanding immigrant life worlds as diasporic (Gilroy, 1997). The research recommends an adult ESL pedagogy that responds to the understanding of language as socially constituted practices that are situated in social, local, everyday workplace and community events and spaces. Practices of identity and their representation through language can be re-negotiated through engagement in collective activities in ESL classes that form third spaces (Soja, 1999). The possibilities for language development that emerge are in accord with the learners’ affective investment in the new language community, but occur as improvements in making effective meanings, rather than conformity to the formal linguistic system (Pavlenko & Lantolf, 2000).
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35

Kawano, Yukio. "Social determinants of immigrant selection on earnings and educational attainments in the United States, Canada and Australia, 1980-1990." Available to US Hopkins community, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/dlnow/3068173.

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36

Honey-Arcement, Rochelle Renee. "Immigrant parents of children with disabilities and their perceptions of their access to services and the quality of services received." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3103.

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An analysis of experiences of immigrant parents, in a Midwestern college community, accessing services for their child with a disability. A qualitative study using phenomenological theory was used wherein access to services was explored from the parents lived experience. Four immigrant parents were chosen using purposive sampling. Grand tour questions were asked leading to follow-up questions based on respondent answers. Interviews were audio recorded in a location chosen by respondents, and transcribed. Home environment and interactions with child were noted. Grounded theory emerged from analysis using the constant comparative method. Transcripts were read multiple times and categories began to emerge. Based on emergent categories transcripts were cut into segments and categorized accordingly. Comparisons of categories led to reanalysis and emergence of three primary themes; experience of accessing services, feelings about services, and factors affecting experience of accessing services. To enhance credibility, negative case analysis was used to incorporate differential experiences. Thick description was used to increase transferability. Dependability and Confirmability were addressed using an audit process. Two parallel theories emerged from the analysis; one regarding factors leading to positive experiences of accessing services, one regarding factors leading to negative experiences. The theories are supported by original data from the interviews and show how providers, the Department of Human Services, school systems and advocates can improve the situation. This study adds knowledge by exploring a previously unexplored type of community in this research area, but is limited by researcher requirement of English speaking respondents.
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37

Tibe-Bonifacio, Glenda Lynna Anne. "Filipino women and their citizenship in Australia in search of political space /." Access electronically, 2003. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20041222.122054.

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38

Khan, Jahanzeb, and Muzammal Shahzad Arif. "Investigating the behaviour intention to use e-health services by Swedish Immigrants." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro Universitet, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-39574.

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39

Rutland, Suzanne D. "The Jewish Community In New South Wales 1914-1939." University of Sydney, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/6536.

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40

Dewhirst, Catherine Marguerita-Maria. "Ethnic identity in Italo-Australian family history : a case study of Giovanni Pullè, his legacies and his transformations of ethnicity over 125 years." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2003.

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In the second half of the nineteenth century, Australia became a destination for hundreds and thousands of Italians as a result of Italy's first modem diaspora. Those who immigrated between the 1850s and 1914 came from diverse backgrounds - socially, culturally, politically, economically, regionally and linguistically. For a minority group, their regional diversity was still quite vast. While in Australia this earlier group was numerically minute in terms of those received by other countries and in comparison with the second half of the twentieth century, these Italians represented a strongly visual and vocal presence in colonial and post-Federation society. Indeed, increasing demographically at a higher rate than any other migrant group after the British (Anglo-Celtic immigrants) at the tum of the twentieth century, Italian migrants offered a new social and economic component in Australia, becoming entwined into the fabric of a developing nation (Castles et al. 1992; Jupp 1988c; Templeton 1998). More than a century since, Australian society has undergone numerous transformations from its development as a nation and in response to world events. The lives of Italian migrants and their descendants bear witness to many of these changes. But, both historical and theoretical approaches fail to explain the significance of the inheritances from a migrant past. This research project takes up the task of examining the legacies of the Italo-Australian presence during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, as well as the impact these migrants made on, and their response to, the trajectories of Australian migration history since the 1870s until today. In the process, it reflects the evolution of Italian ethnicity.
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Au, Wai-ching Alice. "Using case studies to explore how family services help in the adjustment and child care of newly arrived Mainland Chinese new immigrant mothers in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42128535.

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42

Rudd, Dianne Marie. "Women and migration : internal and international migration in Australia /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2004. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phr914.pdf.

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43

Wang, Wan-Sheng, and n/a. "A Study of Relationships Between Educational Activities and the Well-Being and Life Satisfaction of Members of Chinese Community Groups." Griffith University. School of Cognition, Language and Special Education, 2006. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070104.153050.

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Most immigrants have to adjust their lives to living in a new country, especially when moving from an Eastern to a Western society. Chinese immigrants may face multiple difficulties, including cultural differences and the English language barrier, which are a particularly problem for older immigrants. To overcome these difficulties, many Chinese immigrants either form new community groups or join those currently operating. Normally, Chinese community groups provide a wide range of activities for members. The literature (e.g., Diener, 1984; Cantor & Sanderson, 1999; Csikszentmihalyi, 1975) provides some understanding of the value for new immigrants in attending these group activities. Participating members report improved life satisfaction within new society and have a more positive outcome as a result of their involvement. However, the magnitude of the influence life satisfaction and well-being is not as clear. This research aimed to better understand the relationships between participation in community group activities and the life satisfaction and well-being of participating members. A quantitative research method was adopted for this study to investigate the relationships between the variables. The study utilised a questionnaire that focused on specific demographic characteristics of participants, a 5-item life satisfaction measure (Diener, Emmons, Larsen, & Griffin, 1985), a short 18-item measure (Ryff, 1989a) of the six dimensions of psychological well-being, and on other factors likely to impinge on life satisfaction and well-being. The 7-point agreement scale asked participants the extent to which they agreed or disagreed with the statements. The questionnaire was offered to participants in both English and Chinese. Questionnaires were completed by 600 Chinese-speaking immigrants from Taiwan, China, Hong Kong, Malaysia, and Singapore who were participants in educational activities and/or other activities offered through 21 different Chinese community groups in Brisbane. Four hundred took part in 20 different educational group activities, and 200 in 25 different non-educational group activities. Most participants were female, and approximately two thirds were over 50 years of age. Using AMOS, a number of structural equations models (SEMs) were tested to investigate the conceptually proposed links between the various variables. This study supports other literature, finding that both educational and general activities provided by the community groups positively influence the participating members' life satisfaction and feelings of well-being. The majority of participants in this study reported that they considered participating in community group educational activities (74.2% agreed), and general activities (66.6%), had the most impact on their life satisfaction and well-being. Most participants (70%) found that community group activities, both educational and general, were interesting. However, only around 53% of them claimed to have achieved their goals in these activities. The findings of this study indicate the complexity of the influences on life satisfaction and well-being levels facing this cohort of Chinese immigrants. Although results suggest that demographic variables such as year of migration and employment status have a greater influence on life satisfaction and well-being than educational activities and general activities, the outcomes of this study support the conclusion that the participating members have benefited from the variety of programs offered by Chinese community groups.
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44

Lewin, Erica. "Anglo-Indian women in Western Australia: Past, present and future identities." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2002. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/756.

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The Anglo-Indian community and Anglo-Indian women in particular have been described as 'mixed-race' and 'hybrid'. This study seeks to explore the identity of Anglo-Indian women through the process of migration and settlement in Australia, by following the lives of twenty-six women. Twenty of these women emigrated from India between 1963 and 1977; one arrived in Australia significantly earlier in 1947 and another significantly later, in 1996. Four women were Australian-born. This study traces their identity through their memories of life in India and the process of migration and settlement for themselves and their children, some of whom were born in Australia. Gender and ethnicity have shaped the identities of these women, which are analysed using social identity theory and self-categorisation theory. This theoretical framework is applied to the changing context of the lives of Anglo-Indian women. This context includes the traditional and historical markers of Anglo-Indian identity, skin colour, interaction between ethnic groups and the idea of 'belonging' and 'home'. Feminist theories help to analyse the gendered nature of these women's lives, both historically and in the present. The context of Anglo-Indian women's lives was initially in their country of origin, India. This context changed when they migrated to Western Australia. Intercultural exchange and interaction within the colonial context resulted in the origin and development of the Anglo-Indian community in India. The migration of Anglo-Indian women to Western Australia has resulted in intercultural exchange and socialisation with a range of groups within a 'multicultural' context. This change has impacted on their identity and that of their children. The thesis investigates aspects of identity and how migration can impact on that identity. In the case of Anglo-Indian women, they moved from an environment where Anglo-Indian identity had meaning within the Indian ethnic landscape, to Australia, where these women find they have to redefine themselves. The changed context of their lives has meant that their 'hybrid' identity has lost relevance. Many have chosen to assimilate into mainstream society or to take on aspects of their partner's ethnicity rather than maintain a separate identity. This work considers this process of adaptation to the Australian environment. Feminist and social psychological theories of identity inform much of this thesis, which utilises a qualitative approach to explore the lives of Anglo-Indian women who live in Western Australia. Anglo-Indian women have demonstrated agency in shaping and redefining their identities in the Australian environment. This process has entailed a critical analysis on the part of participants of many aspects of Angie-Indian identities. Their redefinition and negotiation of identity indicates the dynamic and contextual nature of ethnic identity. The social relevance of Anglo-Indian identity in the Australian environment is brought into question in this study, and indicates the need for new directions in identity - a challenge that is taken up in various ways by women of Anglo-Indian descent in Western Australia.
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45

Mokoele, Mapitsi Stephen. "The investigation on the impacts of the undocumented immigrants on the provision of housing, job opportunities and health facilities in Limpopo Province : a case of Polokwane Municipality." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1011.

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Thesis (M.Dev.) --University of Limpopo, 2013
The focus of the study was on the impacts of undocuments on the provision of housing, job opportunities and health in Limpopo Province: A case study of Polokwane Municipality and the measures taken by the government to deal with illegal immigrants. The study was qualitative in nature and concentrated on illegal Zimbabweans and South Africans residing in Western burg(RDP side),Greenside,Lethuli Park,buite and bok streets, Department of health and Social welfare, Department of Labour and the Department of Housing. The area of study was Polokwane Municipality under the Capricorn district. The research findings confirmed that illegal immigrants have negative impacts on the provision of housing, job opportunities and health facilities in Limpopo Province as many respondents indicated that illegal immigrants were residing in RDP houses, all of them have access to health facilities and most of them were employed but only pay tax through the purchasing of goods and commodities for use and resale in the country and back in Zimbabwe.
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46

Choy, Sheung-sheung Maggie, and 蔡湘湘. "An analysis of the pre-migration services preparing mainland wives to join their husbands." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31250476.

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47

N, Vintheimer Daniela. "Hemtjänstföretag om den äldre invandraren som kund Homecare services about elderly immigrants as customers." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för socialt arbete, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-173933.

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48

Wibowo, Yosi Irawati. "Rural pharmacy services in Western Australia : a time-series comparative study." Thesis, Curtin University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/471.

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Objectives: to evaluate rural pharmacy practice in Western Australia (WA) (“2006 data”), and to perform a time-series comparison with the previous data (“2002 data”) that were sourced from the National Pharmacy Database Project in 2002.Methods: a questionnaire used in the 2006 survey was developed based on that used in the 2002 national survey. In the 2002 survey, questionnaires were mailed to 1391 representative participant pharmacies (82 participants from rural WA), of which 1131 were returned (66 respondents from rural WA). The response rate for rural WA was 80.5%. In the 2006 survey, questionnaires were mailed to all 103 sample pharmacies of rural WA, of which 51 were returned. This gave a response rate of 49.5%. Chi-square tests were used to test individual associations between year of survey against pharmacist or pharmacy characteristics, or provision of services. Where significant associations were reported between year of survey and provision of particular services, logistic regressions controlling for gender, age, PhARIA location, and inclusion of a forward pharmacy area, were performed.Results: pharmacist characteristics were not significantly different across the two surveys with regard to age, gender, year of registration, qualification, Continuing Professional Education (CPE) involvement, and position. Similar pharmacy characteristics were reported in relation to PhARIA, setting, group membership, inclusion of counselling areas, method of operation, trading hours and annual turnover. Only Quality Care Pharmacy Program (QCPP) accredited-pharmacies significantly increased. In both surveys, WA rural pharmacies offered a range of services, including prescription-related activities, medication reviews, preventive services, primary health care, harm minimisation services, and Enhanced Pharmacy Services (EPS). A significantly higher percentage of pharmacies provided clinical testing for monitoring, Domiciliary Medication Management Reviews (DMMRs), and printed information for non-prescribed medicines. There were marked increases in weight testing and weight management services. Smoking cessation was offered by over 50% of pharmacies, and tended to increase. However, other EPS (asthma, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia), which correspond to the National Health Priorities Areas (NHPAs) and rural needs, were reported by less than 50% of pharmacies in both surveys. A shortage of pharmacy workforce still remained a problem, as evidenced by similar numbers of full-time equivalent (FTE) pharmacists per pharmacy. This study also highlights several issues, including less CPE involvement, low uptake of forward pharmacy, and low participation in the S100 scheme.Conclusions: This study found a remarkable consistency of WA rural pharmacy practice across the two surveys. However, significant increases were reported in some important services such as weight management. This findings may indicate that support for important services is required if they are to be taken up by the profession. The government and pharmacy bodies need to address the workforce barriers to improve access to pharmacy services for rural communities.
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49

Premkamolnetr, Nongyao. "Information services to tenant companies in technology parks : Australia and Thailand." Thesis, Curtin University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/968.

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This thesis investigates the most appropriate and effective ways in which a university library can interact with tenant companies and the staff in a technology park. Tenant company staff members in five Australian Technology Parks were surveyed about their information needs, information use, and information seeking behaviour as well as their attitudes towards university libraries which offered services to them. Three of the five Australian Technology Parks had formal relationships with universities and their libraries. The librarians of these universities were interviewed on their attitudes towards the provision of information services to the technology park community, as well as the information services they offered to this group of clients.The research results indicated that most of the respondents who were engaged in R&D areas accessed university libraries' collections for technical information and valued their services and the professional help of the librarians, whereas those in other areas, particularly marketing and sales, did not place as high a value on these services. One striking finding from the research was that the respondents in the latter group use the Internet as their preferred first source of information, not informal personal contact as been expected and indicated in previous studies. A contributing factor to low use of the university libraries was poor promotion of library services.A major objective of the research was to obtain information on the relevance of the Australian data to developing and offering services to tenants in a new technology park in Thailand. Results drawn from the Australian data was used to form a model for the interaction between university libraries and tenant company staff in Thai technology parks. The model was tested through interviews with Thai sample group and was then fine-tuned to meet Thai economic and social conditions prior to proposing it for use in Thailand.This research indicated that many aspects of Thai university libraries need to be adjusted in order to successfully provide effective information services to the technology park community. These include clearly defining library policies towards the tenants, increasing and improving avenues of access to library services, improving library performance and services, increasing promotion and marketing, supporting personnel development policies, and creating partnerships with other organisations.
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50

Premkamolnetr, Nongyao. "Information services to tenant companies in technology parks : Australia and Thailand." Curtin University of Technology, Department of Information Studies, 1998. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=10733.

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This thesis investigates the most appropriate and effective ways in which a university library can interact with tenant companies and the staff in a technology park. Tenant company staff members in five Australian Technology Parks were surveyed about their information needs, information use, and information seeking behaviour as well as their attitudes towards university libraries which offered services to them. Three of the five Australian Technology Parks had formal relationships with universities and their libraries. The librarians of these universities were interviewed on their attitudes towards the provision of information services to the technology park community, as well as the information services they offered to this group of clients.The research results indicated that most of the respondents who were engaged in R&D areas accessed university libraries' collections for technical information and valued their services and the professional help of the librarians, whereas those in other areas, particularly marketing and sales, did not place as high a value on these services. One striking finding from the research was that the respondents in the latter group use the Internet as their preferred first source of information, not informal personal contact as been expected and indicated in previous studies. A contributing factor to low use of the university libraries was poor promotion of library services.A major objective of the research was to obtain information on the relevance of the Australian data to developing and offering services to tenants in a new technology park in Thailand. Results drawn from the Australian data was used to form a model for the interaction between university libraries and tenant company staff in Thai technology parks. The model was tested through interviews with Thai sample group and was then fine-tuned to meet Thai economic and social ++
conditions prior to proposing it for use in Thailand.This research indicated that many aspects of Thai university libraries need to be adjusted in order to successfully provide effective information services to the technology park community. These include clearly defining library policies towards the tenants, increasing and improving avenues of access to library services, improving library performance and services, increasing promotion and marketing, supporting personnel development policies, and creating partnerships with other organisations.
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