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1
Lee, Young-Me, and Karyn Holm. "Family Relationships and Depression among Elderly Korean Immigrants." ISRN Nursing 2011 (June 16, 2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/429249.
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The purposes of the study were to describe family relationships within the context of living arrangements (living with adult children or without adult children) and support network, and to further determine associations of these factors to depression in elderly Korean immigrants. Over 70% () of Korean elders were found to live apart from their adult children. However, Korean elders who were living independently reported higher levels of depression in spite of their expressed desire to live independently and to be less dependent upon their adult children. These findings suggest that family support and close relationships with their adult children play a central role in adjusting to a new life and in preventing and/or lessening depression in elderly Korean immigrants.
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Dudzik, Iwona, and Irena Brukwicka. "Immigrants in polish economy." VUZF Review 6, no. 2 (June 29, 2021): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.38188/2534-9228.21.2.26.
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This article deals with immigrants in Polish economy. The aim of the article is to present the most important research findings, concerning immigrants and enterprises where they are employed. This issue also includes the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors of this paper focused mostly on Ukrainian immigrants.
It has been proven that increase in the number of immigrant workers leads to the growth of the Gross Domestic Product, and contributes to the faster growth in remittances from the Republic of Poland to Ukraine. As a result of the adverse impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sales, non-employment costs were reduced in the service and industrial sectors. Employment changes were not correlated with company’s situation. It is worth noting, that because of the COVID-19 pandemic, some companies may be less inclined to recruit immigrants in the near future, and the overall demand for labor may decrease. This is particularly important, because the primary reason for employment people from abroad was the inability to meet labor needs of the citizens of Poland. The majority of immigrants are employed only to perform physical work which does not require qualifications. Large companies show greater interest in the foreign human capital. Over the past five years, there has been an increase in the number of immigrants who declared their intention to stay in Poland for a longer period of time. More than half of the immigrants stay in Poland, with at least, one family member. On this basis, it may be concluded that the number of immigrants willing to settle in Poland is growing.
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Jang, Heejung. "Loneliness, Stress, and Depressive Symptoms Among Older Immigrants: A Moderating Role of Familial Relationships." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.466.
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Abstract Objectives: Immigration is a stressful life event, and immigrants commonly experience loneliness, a risk factor for depression. However, little is known about how and whether older immigrants’ perceived stress exposure/appraisals mediate the association between loneliness and depressive symptoms. Further, this study explores whether familial relationships moderate the indirect or direct effects of the mediation models. Method: This study uses the 2012 Health and Retirement Study from a sample of 719 immigrants age 57 and older. A series of moderated mediation analyses were conducted across the total number of stress exposure and eight stress appraisal domains. Results: The findings indicate that the total number of stress exposure and five domains of stress appraisals (health problems in self, physical/emotional problems in spouse/child, financial strain, housing problems, and close relationships in others) mediate the association between loneliness and depressive symptoms. In addition, the perceived negative strain from family moderated the mediating effect of health problems and housing problems in the relationship between loneliness and depressive symptoms. Discussion: This study suggests that negative relationships with family may increase upsetting in stress appraisals on health and housing problems, which turn in increased depressive symptoms for lonely older immigrants. Practitioners need to assess older immigrants’ stressors and family relationships to understand their loneliness and depressive symptoms.
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Bostean, Georgiana, and Brian Joseph Gillespie. "Acculturation, acculturative stressors, and family relationships among Latina/o immigrants." Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology 24, no. 1 (January 2018): 126–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/cdp0000169.
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Cox, David. "Henry Ellis Daniels. 2 October 1912 – 16 April 2000." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 49 (January 2003): 133–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2003.0008.
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Henry Ellis Daniels was born in London in 1912, the second child of a Jewish family that had come from the Russian territories of Poland and Lithuania as refugees from the pogroms there. His father's family had come from Poland to London, whereas his mother's were Litvak Jews who had arrived in Scotland; the herring boats that sold fish to the Baltic ports returned with many immigrants to Leith. When Henry was two years old, at the time of the Zeppelin raids on London, the family moved to Edinburgh to join the branch there. The life of the Jewish community in Edinburgh at that time is described by Daiches (1971), whose family were neighbours.
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Ferracioli, Luara. "Family Migration Schemes and Liberal Neutrality." Journal of Moral Philosophy 13, no. 5 (September 29, 2016): 553–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17455243-4681056.
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In this essay, I argue that the privileging of romantic and familial ties by those who believe in the liberal state’s right to exclude prospective immigrants cannot be justified. The reasons that count in favour of these relationships count equally in favour of a great array of relationships, from friends to creative collaborators, and whatever else falls in between. The liberal partialist now faces a dilemma, either the scope of the right to exclude is much more limited or much broader than she previously assumed.
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Andrejuk, Katarzyna. "Ukrainian Immigrants and Entrepreneurship Drain: Towards a Concept of Governance-Induced Migration." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 33, no. 4 (March 21, 2019): 899–916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325419835018.
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The article develops a concept of governance-induced migration, focusing on the aspect of migrant motivations that remains largely underexamined in current migration research. The wage differentials, family reasons, and availability of welfare benefits are often indicated as the aspects of the host state with a “magnetic” power of attraction. The article argues that other aspects of state development also may prominently influence the behaviour of immigrants and their readiness to settle in a receiving country. The case study presented here of Ukrainian migrant entrepreneurs in Poland (interviews with fifty-one respondents) demonstrates that their motivations for migration are more complex and diversified. They encompass not only the economic and family reasons but also the quality and efficiency of public institutions. Governance-induced migration is associated with the perception of the host state as more citizen-friendly, transparent, effective in ensuring safety, and providing an environment for development. The differences between Poland and Ukraine in the functionality of public institutions and the level of socio-political risks lead to enhanced migration flows and entrepreneurship drain from Ukraine.
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Gwoździewicz, Sylwia, and Dariusz Prokopowicz. "THE IMPORTANCE OF THE 500 PLUS FAMILY PROGRAM AS AN IMPACT FACTOR OF FAMILY POLICY IN FAMILY INVESTMENT IN POLAND." International Journal of New Economics and Social Sciences 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2017): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.2591.
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n Poland since the beginning of the systemic transformation of the 1990s, the relatively low incomes of many families have been relatively low. Similar relationships exist in terms of material, housing and financial savings. Launched in April 2016, the 500 Plus Program contributes to a significant reduction in the scale of this socially and economically disadvantageous relationship, i.e. the current lowest profitability in families with many children. Moreover, the profitability and generating of surplus financial households in Poland are on average several times lower than in the financial situation of families in Western European countries. The strategic goal in this way of developing family policy is to increase the fertility in Poland in the coming years, which is to counteract the unfavorable demographic trends of the aging population. It is now assumed that the 500 Plus Program should work positively on the strategic socio-economic objective of reducing the demographic aging of the population, i.e. limiting the potential for publication in the perspective of the next few years of insolvency conducted by the Social Insurance Institution of the participatory pension system. The 500 Plus program is an important instrument for a comprehensive family investment policy in Poland.
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Osewska, Elżbieta. "Emotional Bonds in the Polish Family during the Social and Political Transformation in Poland according to Empirical Research ." Bogoslovska smotra 91, no. 5 (2022): 1193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.53745/bs.91.5.12.
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Family relationships have been becoming increasingly important in Polish, contemporary society especially after the socio-political transformation in Poland. Before that time, family studies were strongly influenced by the socialist system and propaganda. Currently, family relationships are also diverse in structure and in functions. In reply to the widely debated »family crisis« hypothesis, the author of this article suggests that family relations will be more important in the 21st century, because there is a positive association between the experience of strong emotional bonds in the family and the strength of family relationship. Consequently, supporting emotional family ties means also supporting the growth of healthy relationships in the society. Therefore, the aim of this article is to present the bonds between members of the Polish family at the end of the 20th, and at the beginning of the 21st centuries on the basis of the results of surveys conducted by CBOS (Public Opinion Research Centre in Poland).
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Węcławski, Jerzy, and Helmut Pernsteiner. "Why family firms in Poland choose to diversify their banking relationships." Argumenta Oeconomica 2, no. 43 (2019): 67–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15611/aoe.2019.2.03.
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Radlińska, Kamila. "EMPLOYMENT OF FOREIGNERS IN AGRICULTURE IN POLAND." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXI, no. 3 (August 30, 2019): 370–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.4096.
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This paper aims at the assessment of the status and conditions of employment of foreigners in agriculture, in Poland, in the years 2010-2018. The analysis concerns assessing how the level of employment of foreigners in agriculture has been changing and what considerations determined the direction of such changes. For some years now the employment of foreigners in Poland has lost its marginal nature and is permanently integrated into some industries, mainly Polish agriculture. Agriculture absorbs a significant number of foreigners. Reasons for this phenomenon may be found in formal conditions for obtaining work permits by foreigners, social and economic conditions of agriculture and features of immigrants. The research covers the economic and social conditions for agriculture in Poland. Empirical analysis encompasses reports and data of the Ministry of Labour, Family and Social Affairs concerning the number and structure of granted work permits for foreigners, declarations of intention to commission work to foreigners, as well as data of the Centre of Migration Research of Warsaw University. Results of analysis show that the number of employed foreigners was significant in Polish agriculture in the years 2010-2018. Simplification of foreigner employment procedures in the migration policy was assigned to the agricultural industry. Initially, procedures facilitating employment in agriculture should be assessed positively. By 2014, the participation of foreigners employed in agriculture was increasing on a year-to-year basis. It resulted from economic and social conditions for Polish agriculture and personal features of immigrants. After 2014, the participation of employment in agriculture regularly decreased.
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Shabtay, Malka. "Absorption of Ethiopians Through the Israeli Defense Forces." Practicing Anthropology 15, no. 2 (April 1, 1993): 16–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.15.2.k72u85m3k8453052.
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The Ethiopian Jewish population of Israel numbers about 45,000. Their immigration into the country took place primarily in two Israeli-organized, rescue operations carried out mainly by the army: "Operation Moses" in 1984-85 and "Operation Solomon" in 1990. These immigrants are currently undergoing a prolonged and difficult period of transition. Many fundamental aspects of their lives are changing, including religious practices (a mainstay of the community's traditional culture and identity), gender relationships, family dynamics, communal leadership patterns, health practices, educational and vocational opportunities, and much more. Their transition is aided, however, by "veteran" immigrants who arrived sporadically and in small numbers during the 1970s and 1980s and have assumed positions of leadership in the community. These veteran immigrants mediate with the larger society both as employees of government agencies dealing with the immigrants and as community and family members.
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Nasir, Nada, Carri Hand, and Suzanne Huot. "Examining Social Relationships among Older Muslim Immigrants Living in Canada: A Narrative Inquiry." Societies 12, no. 3 (April 29, 2022): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soc12030074.
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Social connectedness and engagement are particularly important among groups who are at risk of experiencing social isolation, such as immigrant older adults. The objective of our study was to understand the social relationships of aging Muslim Lebanese immigrants living in Canada by exploring their lives in their ethnic and wider communities. This study used a life course perspective and adopted a constructivist narrative inquiry to understand the diverse lived experiences of four older adults who immigrated to Canada during early adulthood. Participants engaged in a narrative interview and follow-up session in which they storied their lived experiences. Findings describe one core theme, cultivating social relationships through family, friends, and community interdependence, and three related sub-themes: (1) navigating and creating family interdependence and planting new roots; (2) family interdependence in later life: the important role of grandchildren; and (3) cultivating ethnic and local interdependence to support aging in place. The participants’ stories provided an understanding of how culture, religion, aging, family, and immigration experiences interrelated throughout their life course and shaped their social relationships during later life. This study sheds new insight on the importance of culturally tailored activities and awareness about the social needs of immigrant older adults.
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Lee, Mee Sook, Kathleen S. Crittenden, and Elena Yu. "Social Support and Depression among Elderly Korean Immigrants in the United States." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 42, no. 4 (January 1, 1996): 313–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/2vhh-jlxy-ebvg-y8jb.
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Based on the integrative concept of social support, we investigated the effects of quantitative, structural, and functional aspects of social relationships on the level of depressive symptoms among elderly Korean immigrants, taking into account their level of acculturation and life stress. Korean elders having more close persons and more frequent contacts with them exhibited fewer depressive symptoms. Networks providing instrumental support consisted mainly of family ties; networks for emotional support included diverse relationships as well as family members. Emotional support was found to moderate the harmful effect of life stress, and thus to be more relevant than instrumental support to the mental health of Korean elderly.
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Liu, Jinyu, XinQi Dong, Duy Nguyen, and Daniel W. L. Lai. "Family Relationships and Depressive Symptoms Among Chinese Older Immigrants in the United States." Journals of Gerontology: Series A 72, suppl_1 (June 1, 2017): S113—S118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glw138.
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Kristen, Cornelia, and Julian Seuring. "Destination-language acquisition of recently arrived immigrants: Do refugees differ from other immigrants?" Journal for Educational Research Online 2021, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 128–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31244/jero.2021.01.05.
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This article describes new immigrants’ levels of destination-language proficiency shortly after taking up residence in Germany. The focus lies on a comparison of refugees from Syria with new arrivals from Italy, Poland, and Turkey, who came as economic immigrants, for family reasons, or as students. The theoretical account builds upon a well-established model of language acquisition, according to which language fluency is a function of exposure, efficiency, and incentives. The empirical study is based on data from the first wave of the ENTRA project (“Recent Immigration Processes and Early Integration Trajectories in Germany”) that covers about 4,600 young adults. The analyses reveal that most individuals improve their proficiency over time. Syrians’ experience a faster learning curve than those of other immigrant groups. The conditions identified as relevant to language fluency largely reflect the findings of previous studies. They indicate that language learning is a general process that, for the most part, does not differ across the four groups. Exposure is the major force driving language acquisition. There are also indications that certain kinds of exposure, such as attending language classes, are especially beneficial for individuals with lower resource endowments. In addition, Syrian refugees profit more than other new arrivals from increased levels of language exposure, such as from taking language courses, pursuing education or being active on the labor market.
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Guo, Man, Elizabeth Byram, and Xinqi Dong. "Filial expectation among Chinese immigrants in the United States of America: a cohort comparison." Ageing and Society 40, no. 10 (June 14, 2019): 2266–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x1900059x.
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AbstractRelying on two unique data-sets on Chinese older immigrants (N = 3,157) and younger immigrants with ageing parents (N = 469) in Chicago, this study compared the level of filial expectation among the two groups and examined the predictors and mental health implications of having high filial expectation among each group. Results of t-tests, logistic regression and negative binominal analyses showed that, regardless of socio-demographic variables, acculturation, physical health and family relations, Chinese adult children had higher filial expectations on themselves than older immigrants’ filial expectation on the younger generation. Chinese older immigrants who had less education, lower levels of acculturation, poorer health and closer relationships with children reported higher filial expectation. In the cohort of younger immigrants, high filial expectation was associated with lower income, better health and closer relations with their parents. In addition, having high filial expectation was associated with lower levels of depression and anxiety among the older immigrants, but not among the younger cohort. The results indicated that, whereas Chinese older immigrants seemed to adapt their filial expectation in the new society, the younger cohort still strongly adhere to this traditional family norm. Maintaining strong filial expectation might be a protective factor for older immigrants’ mental health. Practice and policy implications of these findings are discussed in the paper.
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Osiadacz, Barbara, and Roman Hałaj. "The aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Campanulaceae in Poland." Polish Journal of Entomology / Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne 80, no. 2 (June 1, 2011): 191–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10200-011-0014-3.
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The aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Campanulaceae in Poland The paper deals with the relationships of aphids and their host-plants of the family Campanulaceae (bellflower family). The survey was conducted in xerothermic habitats during the years 2008-2010. A total of 84 plots were examined in the western, southern and eastern parts of Poland. The aphids were collected in 28 plots (42 records). As a result, 4 aphid species feeding on 6 different host plants of Campanulaceae were confirmed.
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King, Rosalind Berkowitz, and Kathleen Mullan Harris. "Romantic Relationships among Immigrant Adolescents." International Migration Review 41, no. 2 (June 2007): 344–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2007.00071.x.
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We examine the importance of the family and friendship group as two crucial developmental contexts for adolescent relationship experiences. We focus particularly on immigrant adolescents who make up an increasing proportion of the youth population and who come from cultural contexts with stronger family traditions than native-born adolescents. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, we model the characteristics associated with having romantic relationships and participating in sex-related activities within relationships for immigrant adolescents, children of immigrants and adolescents in native-born families. First generation adolescents are less likely to enter romantic relationships than adolescents in native-born families, but those who do participate engage in similar sex-related activities as native-born youth. This evidence suggests that immigrant youth who enter romantic relationships are selective of the more assimilated to native adolescent norms of heterosexual behavior. The peer group is especially important for immigrant adolescents because it provides opportunities for romantic relationship involvement.
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Szopiński, Tomasz. "THE DETERMINANTS OF HOUSEHOLD SAVINGS IN POLAND." Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Oeconomia 16, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/aspe.2017.16.2.24.
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The relevant literature provides an array of factors determining the propensity of households to save. There is no unanimity among researchers as to the direction of statistical relationships among some variables such as, e.g. household income, the place of residence or concerns regarding the worsening of financial circumstances, and a household’s propensity to save. The aim of this article is to verify the statistical relationships between the amount of savings of Polish households and their attributes, such as: income, biological type of the family, and the size of the place of residence. The author of the article analyses the responses provided by Polish households with regard to the size of their savings measured as a multiple of their income. The data under analysis were collected during a panel study Diagnoza społeczna 2015 (ang. Social Diagnosis 2015). Higher earnings were accompanied by higher levels of savings. It was more common for households from bigger cities to have higher earnings. Taking into consideration the biological type of the family, childless marriages and people, who lived alone, declared having the highest savings.
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Hernández, José Antonio Ruiz, Ginesa Torrente Hernández, Ángel Rodríguez González, and María del Carmen Ramírez de la Fe. "Acculturative Stress in Latin-American Immigrants: An Assessment Proposal." Spanish journal of psychology 14, no. 1 (May 2011): 227–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/rev_sjop.2011.v14.n1.20.
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The aim of this paper was to develop an instrument to assess levels of stress experienced by Latin-American immigrants in their acculturative process in Spain. A sample of 692 immigrants from Latin America, aged 20 to 63 years, took part on this study (54.9% males and 45.1% females). A 24-item questionnaire with high reliability (.92) was elaborated. Six factors related to acculturative stress were found: 1) discrimination and rejection; 2) differences with the out-group (native Spaniards); 3) citizenship problems and legality; 4) problems concerning social relationships with other immigrants; 5) nostalgia and longing; and 6) family break-up. Our findings show that participants have a high level of stress related to nostalgia and longing, family break-up, and the perception of discrimination and rejection by natives. The usefulness of the instrument and its applications and restrictions are discussed.
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Tartakovsky, E. "Fifty Shades of Gray: Satisfaction with Life Among Jewish Immigrants from the Former Soviet Union to Israel." Cultural-Historical Psychology 17, no. 4 (2021): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/chp.2021170410.
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In the present study, we tested the morbidity and salutary hypotheses of immigration investigating satisfaction with life (SWL) among Jewish immigrants from the Former Soviet Union to Israel. The study was conducted using a random representative sample of first-generation immigrants from the Former Soviet Union to Israel (N = 400) and a large geographically dispersed sample of Jews staying in Russia (N = 935). We applied three measures of SWL: general satisfaction with life (GSWL), multifaceted satisfaction with life (MSWL), and relative satisfaction with life (RSWL). The results demonstrated that immigrants were higher than stayers in GSWL. At the same time, the difference between the two populations was not significant in the average scores of MSWL. When comparing the two populations in ten domains of MSWL, immigrants reported higher satisfaction only in medical care. Stayers reported higher satisfaction in four domains: work, family relationships, relationships with friends, and entertainment and leisure. Immigrants assessed their standard of life as higher compared to the premigration period and to that presently existing in their country of origin. However, they assessed their standard of life as lower compared to the non-immigrant Israelis. Thus, immigration was a mixed blessing for the studied group of immigrants, salutary in some aspects and onerous in others.
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de Assunção, Viviane Kraieski. "Circulating Food and Relationships: the Movement of Food (and Other Things) Between Brazilians in Boston and Brazil." International Review of Social Research 2, no. 1 (February 1, 2012): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/irsr-2012-0005.
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Abstract: In 2009, I conducted fieldwork about the culinary practices of Brazilian immigrants in Greater Boston, USA. I assume that food is a good way to understand the migration process, because it is related to the construction of ethnic and national identity, as well as gender, power and class relations. In this article, I emphasize that food is used by Brazilian immigrants in Greater Boston to strengthen social relations with family members and relatives who stayed in Brazil. There is a circulation of many types of goods, such as laptops, computers and cosmetics, between the participants of social networks in the USA and Brazil. In this flow, I highlight the role of food, that maintains through its sensuality (specially smell and taste) the connection of the immigrants with their place of origin.
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Hai, Mai Van. "Family values of Vietnamese living in Vietnam and Poland." Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Psychologica, no. 22 (August 8, 2018): 55–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1427-969x.22.04.
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This article focuses on the results of the study on family values of Vietnamese living in Vietnam and Poland. The participants were 196 Vietnamese (100 people in Vietnam, 96 people in Poland) and 15 people who got married with Poles. The methods used included questionnaire and intensive interview. The study used traditional family values of Vietnamese as the background for data analyses and comparison of two groups. The study results showed that Vietnamese participants continued to confirm basic traditional family values such as filial piety, respect for parents, especially in parents – offspring relations; faithfulness, benevolence and righteousness in husband – wife relations. Besides, some differences were revealed such as participants living in Poland having more freedom than other group in relationships with offspring, and are more flexibility in opinions and behavior about sex issues. These findings confirm that living and working overseas bring some changes to the system of accepted family values.
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Atkinson, Jeanne M., and Tom K. Wong. "The Case for a National Legalization Program without Legislation or Executive Action: Results from Screening for Immigration Legal Options." Journal on Migration and Human Security 6, no. 2 (June 2018): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2331502418771915.
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This article presents the results of a study that finds that as many as two million unauthorized immigrants in the United States could have a path to permanent legal status. However, these immigrants may not know that they are eligible for legal status, much less be able to afford the costs or take the necessary steps to obtain it. The two million figure is drawn from an analysis of screening data from 4,070 unauthorized immigrants from 12 states. The study highlights the profound impact that a national project to screen for legal status would have on the entire US population, including eligible immigrants, their family members, and the country at large. The need for legal screening has become particularly acute in light of the Trump administration’s focus on apprehension and deportation of unauthorized immigrants without regard to their length of residence in the United States, family relationships to US citizens and lawful permanent residents (LPRs), or other positive factors. The proposed termination of benefits for many Temporary Protected Status (TPS) holders and Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) 1 recipients would add more than one million individuals — approximately 325,000 ( Warren and Kerwin 2017 ), and 700,000 ( Krogstad 2017 ) people, respectively — to the pool of unauthorized immigrants.
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김연수. "Life Satisfaction Among Female marriage Immigrants- Focusing on Family Relationships, Social Support, and Acculturation." Korean Journal of Family Social Work ll, no. 38 (December 2012): 229–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.16975/kjfsw.2012..38.008.
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Arends-Tóth, Judit, and Fons J. R. Van de Vijver. "Family Relationships among Immigrants and Majority Members in the Netherlands: The Role of Acculturation." Applied Psychology 57, no. 3 (July 2008): 466–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2008.00331.x.
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Santos, Silvia J., Lisa M. Bohon, and Juan José Sánchez-Sosa. "Childhood family relationships, marital and work conflict, and mental health distress in Mexican immigrants." Journal of Community Psychology 26, no. 5 (September 1998): 491–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-6629(199809)26:5<491::aid-jcop7>3.0.co;2-u.
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Sztaudynger, Jan Jacek. "Family and economic growth in Poland. New estimation results." Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym 21, no. 8 (May 14, 2018): 101–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1899-2226.21.8.09.
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Economic growth is mostly explained by investments and employment growth. Since the mid-1990s various social categories have been introduced into the economic growth analysis, such as trust, crime and income inequality, etc. According to sociology and psychology, it is the family that constitutes interpersonal relationships and is an indicator of happiness and quality of life. It can be said that happy people better fulfil their social roles and also work better. We put forward the hypothesis that family ties have an influence on economic growth. More precisely: the more divorces (relative to existing marriages) there are, the slower economic growth is.
This hypothesis was confirmed in an analysis of Poland’s economy in the years 1995–2017. Due to the disintegration of family ties measured by the divorce rate, Poland’s annual economic growth was slowed by about a 1 percentage point on average. This estimation is based on the productivity (GDP to labor ratio) growth model which, along with the divorce rate, also includes the investment and new marriage rates.
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GUO, MAN, LING XU, JINYU LIU, WEIYU MAO, and IRIS CHI. "Parent–child relationships among older Chinese immigrants: the influence of co-residence, frequent contact, intergenerational support and sense of children's deference." Ageing and Society 36, no. 7 (May 28, 2015): 1459–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x15000446.
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ABSTRACTImmigration disrupts the bonding process in families. Maintaining close relationships with adult children can be an important protective factor for older immigrants' health and wellbeing. Quantitative research explaining such close relationships is rare. This study examined factors associated with close parent–child relationships in a purposive sample of 236 older Chinese immigrants in Los Angeles who provided information regarding 365 children. Two-level regression models were estimated to investigate factors contributing to cohesive parent–child relationships among these older adults. The findings showed that co-residence, a characteristic that distinguishes immigrant families from most non-immigrant families, was associated with lower parent–child relationship quality. Frequent contact was associated with closer relationships. While receiving instrumental and monetary support from children was associated with favourable ratings of relationships with children, providing such support to children was not related to parents' assessment of relationship quality. Parental perceptions of children being respectful was also associated with better relationship quality ratings. Overall, the findings demonstrate how family-related changes in the immigration context shape parent–child relationships in later life. Implications for future research and practice are provided.
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Thomas, Elizabeth Bingham, and Carolyn Smith-Morris. "Family and Family-Like Relations for Transnational Migrants: Ideals of Care Informed by Kin, Non-Family, and Religion." Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences 42, no. 3 (June 24, 2020): 344–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739986320937435.
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Studies of transnational family formation and care relationships suggest that, while family forms and care values are idealized, they are also negotiated, enacted, and fluid constructs. Strategies of resilience and mechanisms of flexible care achieved by transnational families are fine-tuned under multiple influences. Among these influences are well-known sources such as social networks, as well as less well-understood sources such as religious teachings. We report findings of a 4-month, ethnographic study among Latinx immigrants to the U.S. whose ( n = 14) narratives of family “care” reflect their ideals and simultaneously work to linguistically produce role continuity. Thematic results address three key strategies for achieving this continuity: (1) valuations of flexibility; (2) family-like care by non-family and church members; and (3) commitments to and reliance on new networks, particularly through church relations. We conclude by suggesting how family-like care, such as that from church relations, informs the flexible relational obligations, resources, resiliencies, and values of transnational migrants.
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Rynkowska, Dorota. "Family mediation as a form of alternative dispute resolution in Poland." New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences 7, no. 2 (August 9, 2020): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/prosoc.v7i2.5013.
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For years, mediation has been unused as an institutionalised form of dispute resolution. The introduction of methods for alternative dispute resolution (ADR) into social life, including the use of impartial mediation in the practice of the Polish justice system, signals some social change. The practice and procedure of mediation is of particular importance in cases regarding close relationships between people. This article explains and promotes family mediation as a form of ADR. Experience shows that mediation in family matters brings a number of benefits to conflicted parties and the justice system.
Keywords: Conflict, dispute, mediation, family.
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Slonim-Nevo, Vered, Julia Mirsky, Ludmila Rubinstein, and Bernhard Nauck. "The Impact of Familial and Environmental Factors on the Adjustment of Immigrants." Journal of Family Issues 30, no. 1 (August 4, 2008): 92–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x08324575.
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This study examined the impact of family interaction, perceived discrimination, stressful life events, and the hosting country on the adjustment of Israeli and German immigrants. Results show that changes in self-esteem between the 1st year of immigration and 2 and 4 years later were significantly related to family relations: the better the functioning, the greater the improvement. The patterns of relationships in the family, however, only partially explained changes in psychological well-being and language proficiency. Perceived discrimination explained discrepancies over time in psychological well-being among fathers and adolescents and the discrepancies in language proficiency among mothers: the lower the discrimination, the greater the improvement. Adult immigrants who experienced more stressful life events presented deterioration in their psychological well-being over time. Finally, adults who immigrated to Germany were more likely to acquire the new language than their counterparts who immigrated to Israel.
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Willis, E. M., and L. D. Xiao. "Liminality, the Australian State and Asian Nurse Immigrants." Health, Culture and Society 6, no. 1 (May 19, 2014): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/hcs.2014.118.
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Over the last two decades the flow of Asians to Australia through legitimate immigration programs has accelerated. This is particularly the case for Asian nurses coming from countries that were once subjected to European colonisation. The difficulties encountered by nurses from Asian countries mirror those of earlier waves of migrants. These include navigating the language and differences in cultural mores, values, and beliefs, along with the loneliness that may come from leaving strong family ties at home. While racism has been evident for all earlier waves of migrants, Asians face an additional hurdle linked to the uneasy relationship Australians and the Australian state has with Asia. Australia is geographically in Asia, but culturally Anglo and European. The impact this might have on the working relationships of Asian and Australian born registered nurses is significant given the nature of their work in caring for the sick and elderly. This liminal relationship between the Australian state and Asians provides a theoretical insight into the particular difficulties experienced by Asian nurses and the integration programs that might assist them and their Australian colleagues to develop cohesive working relationships.
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Li, Mengting, Man Guo, Meredith Stensland, and XinQi Dong. "Family Relationships and Cognitive Function Among Community-Dwelling U.S. Chinese Older Adults." Research on Aging 43, no. 1 (July 16, 2020): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0164027520939250.
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A broad literature has explored racial disparities in cognitive aging. Research incorporating sociocultural factors would provide a more comprehensive understanding of minority aging. This study aims to investigate the role of family typology in cognition among U.S. Chinese immigrants. Data were derived from the Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago (PINE). Family typology included tight-knit, unobligated ambivalent, commanding conflicted, and detached typologies. Cognition was evaluated by global cognition, episodic memory, working memory, executive function, and mini-mental state examination (MMSE). Linear and quantile regressions were used. Older adults with detached and commanding conflicted typologies reported lower global cognition than those with unobligated ambivalent typology. Detached, commanding conflicted, and tight-knit typologies were associated with poorer performance in episodic memory, working memory and MMSE than unobligated ambivalent typology, respectively. Social service providers could be aware of multifaceted family relationships when developing interventions for cognitive function and understand family typology as a whole.
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Yeh, Ming-Chin, Nina S. Parikh, Alison E. Megliola, and Elizabeth A. Kelvin. "Immigration Status, Visa Types, and Body Weight Among New Immigrants in the United States." American Journal of Health Promotion 32, no. 3 (December 1, 2016): 771–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890117116677797.
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Purpose: To investigate the relationship between immigration-related factors and body mass index (BMI) among immigrants. Design: Secondary analyses of cross-sectional survey data. Setting: The New Immigrant Survey (NIS-2003) contains data from in-person or telephone interviews between May and November 2003, with a probability sample of immigrants granted legal permanent residency in the United States. Participants: A total of 8573 US immigrants. Measures: The NIS-2003 provided data on sociobehavioral domains, including migration history, education, employment, marital history, language, and health-related behaviors. The visa classifications are as follows: (1) family reunification, (2) employment, (3) diversity, (4) refugee, and (5) legalization. Analysis: Nested multivariable linear regression analysis was used to estimate the independent relationships between BMI and the variables of interest. Results: Overall, 32.6% of participants were overweight and 11.3% were obese (mean BMI = 25). Participants who were admitted to the United States with employment, refugee, or legalization visas compared with those who came with family reunion visas had a significantly higher BMI ( P < .001, P < .001, P < .01, respectively). Duration in the United States predicted BMI, with those immigrants in the United States longer having a higher BMI ( P < .001). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that immigrants who obtain particular visa categorizations and immigration status might have a higher risk of being overweight or obese. Immigrants need to be targeted along with the rest of the US population for weight management interventions.
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Szajda, Marek. "‘Out of Poland, Not to Israel, but Out of Poland’: Factors Influencing the Decision to Leave Poland after March 1968: On the Basis of Research from the 1970s." Kwartalnik Historyczny 128, no. 5 (January 2, 2022): 105–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/kh.2021.128.si.1.04.
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In this article the author explores the question of Jews’ emigration from Poland to Israel after the events of the anti-Zionist campaign of 1968. On the basis of émigrés’ accounts recorded in the 1970s, the author has reconstructed the complex mosaic of factors influencing their decision to leave Poland and choose Israel as their final destination. The most important among these factors were: the ‘anti-Zionist campaign’ and anti-Semitism of the period, as well as the resulting sense of alienation and stigmatization; the large number of people leaving the country, in particular those with family ties and relationships; disappointment with communism; and the Warsaw Pact’s invasion of Czechoslovakia.
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Lubińska-Tomczak, Mirela. "The state of family assistance profession in Poland. Conclusions from own research." Praca Socjalna 35, no. 5 (October 31, 2020): 99–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.4428.
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This article is about the profession of the family assistant and complexity of their work environment. In the framework of the empirical research attempts were made to answer questions regarding cooperation of family assistants with the supported families and with the employees of aid institutions, such as police officers, coordinators of family foster care, educational and judiciary professionals and social workers. They also sought to identify and depict the mutual relationships among the social groups, to define the socio-occupational position of family assistants and how they perceive their work. The empirical research carried out within the qualitative methodological framework in the Province of Opole. The research sample included 111 respondents. The applied technique was the in-dept interview, relying on three different interview questionnaires, one per each group: family assistants, assistance services, and supported families. The collected empirical material was subjected to content analysis and numerous conclusions were drawn.
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Niewiadomska, Anna, and Ewa Sobolewska-Poniedziałek. "Economic immigration in Lubuskie voivodship." Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician 64, no. 3 (March 28, 2019): 42–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.8522.
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Data delivered by Ministry of Family, Labour and Social Policy (MFLSP) prove the growing scale of economic immigration to Poland from culturally and geographically close countries. Increased inflow of employees from other countries, mainly from Ukraine, is also noticeable in Lubuskie voivodship. The purpose of the article is to identify the scale and structure of the phenomenon of economic immigration in the aforemen-tioned region according to selected features.In the study data of Statistics Poland, Statistical Office in Zielona Góra, MFLSP and Voivodship Labour Office in Zielona Góra were used for the period 2014—2017.In particular, the ethnic structure of immigrants andthe structure of industries was examined,in which labour demand is satisfied on the basis of foreign labour force.The conducted analysis confirmed both the intensified need forsup-plementingthe labour demand of immigrants in Lubuskie voivodship and the changed structure of their distribution on the Polish labour market. Foreigners employed in Lubuskie voivodship work mainly in transport and storage, manufacturing, as well as in adminis-trative activitiesand construction. In turn, the largest deficits of employees concern machine operators and assemblers, industrial workers, craftsmen and employees performing simple works. The conclusion from the analysis of secondary data was consistent with the results of the unstructured interview carried out in January 2018 with representatives of thejob agency from Lubuskie voivodship.
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Maciejewska-Mroczek, Ewa. ""Adults Control It Better." Health-related Practices, Responsibilities and Bonding in the Narratives of Polish Children." Canadian Journal of Family and Youth / Le Journal Canadien de Famille et de la Jeunesse 13, no. 2 (April 12, 2021): 64–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/cjfy29671.
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This paper shows how everyday health-related practices are played out in respect to performing parent–children relationships. Based on research with children aged 8–11 years old, conducted in Poland in 2015–18 with the aim of studying their opinions about health, this paper shows that children frame health-related practices in a broader set of social networks. This paper suggests that negotiations concerning healthy lifestyle, common among modern families in Poland, represent rituals through which parent–child relationships are practiced. What is more, children play an active role in this process. Children feel responsible for their own and their family’s health and consider health-related practices as a way of “doing family”.
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Choda, K., and J. Gorbaniuk. "Retrospective assessment of fathers’ parental attitudes and attachment styles among young adult women in Poland and Ukraine." Fundamental and applied researches in practice of leading scientific schools 44, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33531/farplss.2021.2.2.
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The aim of the study was to analyse the connection between retrospective assessment of fathers’ parental attitudes and attachment styles in close relationships of young adult women in Poland and Ukraine. Respondents completed Parental Attitudes Retrospective Assessment Questionnaire and Attachment Styles Questionnaire, both by Mieczyslaw Plopa. The study involved 116 women in Poland and 116 women in Ukraine. The results showed that women in Poland, were attached securely in their close relationships more often, when their fathers were accepting and autonomy-giving, and less overdemanding and inconsistent. Inconsistency, overdemandingness and lack of acceptance and autonomy of a father, conduced anxious-ambivalent attachment among their daughters. Avoidant attachment more often described women, whose fathers were inconsistent, rejecting and were not giving autonomy. Women in Ukraine were attached securely in their close relationships more often when their fathers were accepting, autonomy-giving, and overprotecting. Inconsistency of a father conduced anxious-ambivalent attachment among their daughters. Avoidant attachment more often described women, whose fathers were inconsistent and rejecting. The secure attachment style characterized more often women in Poland, and the avoidant one was manifested more frequently by women in Ukraine. Higher level of overprotection parental attitude was noticeable among women in Ukraine. The value of the studies undertaken, can be noticeable especially in the matters of developing conscious fatherhood in the contemporary family and among others in the functioning of partners in multi-ethnic relationships.
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Sielska, Alicja, and Aleksandra Sielska. "Quality of life of women: Selected results of direct research." Ekonomia 26, no. 2 (August 11, 2020): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2658-1310.26.2.7.
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This paper assesses the quality of life of women in Poland using a direct research method, namely a questionnaire carried out on a random sample of 503 people. The respondents were asked, first, to assess their own quality of life and, second, to evaluate specific factors such as wages, security, relationships with family, and forms of entertainment. We conclude that women in Poland highly and positively assess the majority of the analyzed components of quality of life. They pay the greatest attention to material issues as a result of Poland’s postwar and postcommunist history.
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Zalewska, Joanna. "Starość a przemiany więzi społecznych." Kultura i Społeczeństwo 54, no. 3 (August 20, 2010): 131–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/kis.2010.54.3.7.
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The article contains an attempt to discuss the “socialisation” of elderly people today. In the 20th century there were considerable changes within the family, the relationships between old parents and adult children underwent gradual transformation — links formerly based on collaboration, dependence and togetherness were replaced by relationships of the type of “staying in contact” and symbolic exchanges. In Poland, especially in the countryside these changes occurred over a longer period than in the west due to the later introduction of retirement and the traditions of extended families. In the 20th century however there occurred at the same time changes in the feelings of communality — instead of relationships based on physical contact and geographical closeness, there developed symbolic groups and communities, often based on indirect means of communication. An effect of the loosening of the ties between the generations in a family and changes in the form of communality is loneliness which is declared by a considerable number of old people in Poland who in their youth had been socialized in communities characterized by physical closeness and joint participation in everyday activities. On the basis of ethnographic studies in Warsaw the article presents four case studies which serve as examples of the lifestyles of four elderly women in families with stronger and looser relationships and in other types of groups/communities: in a daycare centre and non-governmental organization.
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Leszniewski, Tomasz. "The Multidimensional Nature of Individuals’ Adaptation Strategies in the Changing Life Circumstances. Analysis Based on Research of Polish Immigrants in Scotland." Kultura i Edukacja 138, no. 4 (2022): 94–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/kie.2022.04.06.
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This text is an attempt to reconstruct how emigrants from Poland adapted to the living conditions in Scottish society after Poland acceded to the European Union. Using the functional perspective, four potential forms of migrant adaptation were defined according to their relations with the social system of the host country. Assimilation, integration, marginalisation, and isolation were distinguished as four essential types occurring with different intensities and frequencies. The adaptation of migrants to new living conditions was analysed using these forms concerning the following three critical dimensions of human existence: the material, the cultural, and the social. It makes it possible to show the diversity of the adaptation strategies according to gender and the problem of working in jobs below one’s skill level. On the other hand, the analysis of the cultural and social dimensions made it possible to identify issues related to the accumulation of family social capital and difficulties in transferring cultural capital between the two countries. The survey also showed that Polish migrants have a high integration potential. However, situations where unfavourable or negative experiences of migrants intensify, may constitute a fundamental basis for developing an adaptation strategy that will result in the marginalisation of this group.
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Moise, Rhoda K., Donaldson F. Conserve, Bilikisu Elewonibi, Lori A. Francis, and Rhonda BeLue. "Diabetes Knowledge, Management, and Prevention Among Haitian Immigrants in Philadelphia." Diabetes Educator 43, no. 4 (June 19, 2017): 341–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145721717715418.
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Purpose Guided by the PEN-3 Cultural Model, the purpose of this study is to generate culturally framed insight into diabetes knowledge, management, and prevention among Haitians. Despite the disproportionate distribution of type II diabetes mellitus among US minorities, limited research explores outcomes within racial ethnic groups. It is particularly important to disaggregate the large racial-ethnic groups of black given the population growth among foreign-born blacks, such as Haitians, whose population has more than quadrupled in recent decades. Methods Focus group interviews were employed to understand diabetes knowledge, management, and prevention in the Haitian immigrant population in Philadelphia. Interviews were conducted in 2 groups: (1) people living with diabetes and (2) an at-risk sample for diabetes (defined as 30 and older with self-reported family history of diabetes). Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim in preparation for content analysis. Results Of the 10 participants, who were recruited through a Philadelphia church-based population, ages ranged from 41 to 91, with an average of 65. Content analysis revealed 3 emergent themes across: (1) cultural identity, including person, extended family, and neighborhood; (2) relationships and expectations, including perceptions, enablers, and nurturers; and (3) cultural empowerment, including positive, existential, and negative. Conclusions Results may inform culturally appropriate diabetes interventions for Haitians. Future research should explore compliance with food recommendations as well as the cultural competency of health care professional’s information delivery.
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LOWENSTEIN, ARIELA, and RUTH KATZ. "Living arrangements, family solidarity and life satisfaction of two generations of immigrants in Israel." Ageing and Society 25, no. 5 (August 23, 2005): 749–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x04002892.
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This paper reports a study of the relationships between shared and separate living arrangements and the life satisfaction of two generations of migrants from the former Soviet Union to Israel, adult children (the younger generation) and their elderly parents. An attempt was made to identify the social, familial and personal factors that affect life satisfaction, and special attention was devoted to inter-generational family solidarity and to informal and formal social support. Data were collected from a stratified random sample of 425 respondents – 248 in the older generation and 177 in the younger. The results show that for both generations, contrary to expectations, life satisfaction was higher when the two generations lived in separate rather than shared households. Affectual solidarity was positively associated with life satisfaction for both generations, but functional solidarity for the older generation only. Among the older generation, the subjective evaluation of health contributed most to the explained variance; while among the younger, standard of living and employment contributed most. For both generations, family solidarity and social support had little impact. The findings are discussed in relation to the structural and economic factors that influence co-residence and which differentially affect the two generations.
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Nahkur, Oliver, and Dagmar Kutsar. "Family Type Differences in Children’s Satisfaction with People They Live with and Perceptions about Their (Step)parents’ Parenting Practices." Social Sciences 11, no. 5 (May 21, 2022): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci11050223.
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Family complexity is increasing in Europe, experienced by a significant proportion of children. More evidence is needed in Europe how children’s family type influences their well-being, especially their family-related subjective well-being, and to what extent parenting practices are playing a role in these relationships. The aim of the paper is to study perceptions of children who live with two biological parents, with a biological and a stepparent, or with a single parent about the parenting practices of their (step)parents and their satisfaction with the people they live with. The analysis is based on the third wave of the “Children’s Worlds” harmonized dataset of 12-year-old children in Estonia, Finland, Hungary, Norway, Poland, and Romania. The findings reveal a ‘cascade of children’s appraisals’ by the family types—overall, living with two biological parents is the least and in a stepparent family the most complex family environment for children, reflected in their highest and lowest evaluations of parenting practices and family-related subjective well-being, respectively. The analyses showed that simple and complex family type differences in children’s family-related subjective well-being are entirely explained by parenting practices in Norway, Estonia, and Poland, but not or almost not at all in Finland, Hungary, and Romania. To conclude, in a caring, safe, and participation-enhancing family atmosphere, children can be inclusively flexible and adapt to new parent-figures.
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Jang, Yuri, Nan Sook Park, Juyoung Park, David Chiriboga, William Haley, and Miyong Kim. "THE MENTAL HEALTH BENEFIT OF FRIEND NETWORKS IN OLDER KOREAN AMERICANS: THE CONDITIONING EFFECT OF FAMILY TYPE." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 723. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.2637.
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Abstract Building on the importance of family and friends as sources of social connectedness in later years of life, we conducted a contextual examination of their independent and interactive roles in predicting mental health, using a compensatory social convoy model. In a sample of older Korean Americans, we anticipated that friend networks would be a more important predictor of mental distress when strong family relationships were absent. Data were from 2,140 participants in the Study of Older Korean Americans, a multi-state survey of Korean immigrants age 60 and older (Mage = 73.4, SD = 7.97). To identify family types, latent profile analysis (LPA) was performed with 17 variables assessing family networks, positive and negative interactions with family members, and incidence of mistreatment by family. Linear regression models of mental distress then examined the direct effects of family type and networks of friends, as well as their interactions. LPA on family-related items identified three family types: close-knit, mixed, and dysfunctional. Membership in the close-knit group and a larger network of friends were associated with lower levels of mental distress. In addition, a significant interaction was found between dysfunctional family type and friend network (B = −.35, SE = .08, p < .001), where the positive effect of friend networks was most pronounced in the context of dysfunctional family relationships. These findings support the use of a compensatory social convoy model. Substituting for family resources, friend networks yielded compensatory mental health protection for those with dysfunctional family relations.
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Guziejewska, Beata. "Interdisciplinary interplay between government programs, politics and demography as exemplified by the Polish family 500+ program: assumptions and first experiences." Optimum. Economic Studies, no. 4(106) (2021): 30–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/oes.2021.04.106.03.
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Purpose – In 2016 the Polish government launched the Family 500+ program. This family policy instrument is regarded as a unique but debatable measure. The paper assesses the program in terms of interdisciplinary relationships between public programs, politics, sociology and demography.Research method – The research for the paper was carried out using a qualitative case study-based method. A critical analysis of the relevant legislation, public policy assumptions, reports, and earlier studies was performed. The data contained in the Demographic Yearbook of Poland [2018, 2019, 2020] published by Statistics Poland and simple methods of descriptive statistics were also used.Results – The conclusions from the research are that while the program’s effect on the demographic situation in Poland is limited, it helps reduce poverty, supports families and politically benefits the ruling party. They also suggest that the current sociological, social, cultural, historical, and political factors have an essential influence on how this type of programs is received by voters and on their success.Originality / value / implications / recommendations – The program has prevented the demographic gap in Poland from widening. A new study using simulation modelling will seek to determine whether it also reduces poverty among families with children. The program’s demographic effectiveness and its effect on the female labor market should be further studied in the future
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NG, CHEUK FAN, and HERBERT C. NORTHCOTT. "Living arrangements and loneliness of South Asian immigrant seniors in Edmonton, Canada." Ageing and Society 35, no. 3 (December 3, 2013): 552–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x13000913.
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ABSTRACTThis paper examines the relationships between self-reported loneliness and living arrangements. A structured questionnaire with some open-ended questions was administered face-to-face in English, Hindi or Punjabi to a sample of 161 elderly South Asian immigrants 60 or more years of age living in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada in 2003. The majority of respondents said that they never felt lonely. More than one in three (37.3%) respondents indicated that they felt lonely occasionally, frequently or all of the time. Those living alone were significantly more likely to report feeling lonely at least occasionally than were those living with others, especially those living with their spouse in an extended family. The fact that South Asian immigrant seniors typically lived with others, often in an extended family with or without their spouse, and rarely lived alone protected them to some extent from loneliness. However, our findings showed that among those living with others, it was the amount of waking time spent alone at home and the quality of family relationships rather than living arrangement per se that significantly predicted self-reported loneliness. Nevertheless, living in a larger household was associated with spending less time alone. We discuss plausible influences of culture on expectations regarding family and social relationships and on the meaning of being alone, as well as practical implications for addressing loneliness in a multi-cultural society.