Academic literature on the topic 'Immigrants – Europe – History'
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Journal articles on the topic "Immigrants – Europe – History"
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Katz, Michael B., Mark J. Stern, and Jamie J. Fader. "The Mexican Immigration Debate." Social Science History 31, no. 2 (2007): 157–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200013717.
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This article uses census microdata to address key issues in the Mexican immigration debate. First, we find striking parallels in the experiences of older and newer immigrant groups with substantial progress among second- and subsequent-generation immigrants from southern and eastern Europe and Mexican Americans. Second, we contradict a view of immigrant history that contends that early–twentieth–century immigrants from southern and eastern Europe found well–paying jobs in manufacturing that facilitated their ascent into the middle class. Both first and second generations remained predominantly working class until after World War II. Third, the erosion of the institutions that advanced earlier immigrant generations is harming the prospects of Mexican Americans. Fourth, the mobility experience of earlier immigrants and of Mexicans and Mexican Americans differed by gender, with a gender gap opening among Mexican Americans as women pioneered the path to white–collar and professional work. Fifth, public–sector and publicly funded employment has proved crucial to upward mobility, especially among women. The reliance on public employment, as contrasted to entrepreneurship, has been one factor setting the Mexican and African American experience apart from the economic history of most southern and eastern European groups as well as from the experiences of some other immigrant groups today.
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Dribe, Martin, J. David Hacker, and Francesco Scalone. "Immigration and Child Mortality: Lessons from the United States at the Turn of the Twentieth Century." Social Science History 44, no. 1 (2020): 57–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2019.42.
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ABSTRACTThe societal integration of immigrants is a great concern in many of today’s Western societies, and has been so for a long time. Whether we look at Europe in 2015 or the United States at the turn of the twentieth century, large flows of immigrants pose challenges to receiving societies. While much research has focused on the socioeconomic integration of immigrants there has been less interest in their demographic integration, even though this can tell us as much about the way immigrants fare in their new home country. In this article we study the disparities in infant and child mortality across nativity groups and generations, using new, high-density census data. In addition to describing differentials and trends in child mortality among 14 immigrant groups relative to the native-born white population of native parentage, we focus special attention on the association between child mortality, immigrant assimilation, and the community-level context of where immigrants lived. Our findings indicate substantial nativity differences in child mortality, but also that factors related to the societal integration of immigrants explains a substantial part of these differentials. Our results also point to the importance of spatial patterns and contextual variables in understanding nativity differentials in child mortality.
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Kołodziejczyk, Ewa. "Czesław Miłosz’s Migrant Perspective in Rodzinna Europa [Native Realm]." Open Cultural Studies 1, no. 1 (November 27, 2017): 342–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/culture-2017-0031.
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Abstract The article traces the impact of Czesław Miłosz’s first American stay on his image of Central Europe in Rodzinna Europa [Native Realm]. In the United States, the post-war immigrant from Vilnius learned to perceive, understand and evaluate American culture; he also gained a new perspective on his region of Europe and Slavic immigrants. This experience enabled him to adopt an American point of view in his autobiographical essay. Following William Faulkner, Miłosz carries on an analysis of Eastern and Central Europe’s history and identities. The uses Western historical and sociological glossary to describe processes that formed his “native realm.” Analogically, the poet from pre-war Vilnius reflects on American multi-ethnicity and religious diversity from a Central European perspective. In Rodzinna Europa, Miłosz takes the position of a migrant translator and a two-way mediator between East and West.
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Kastoryano, Riva. "Negotiations beyond Borders: States and Immigrants in Postcolonial Europe." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 41, no. 1 (June 2010): 79–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh.2010.41.1.79.
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Although the issues of immigration and integration remain within the purview of the state, states face new challenges that affect their relationship with immigrants inside and outside their boundaries. Within the eu, the coordination of policies to protect common borders from flows of immigration has forced states to re-assess their treatment of immigrants. Moreover, immigrants with the status of permanent residents or legal citizens in their adopted state increasingly foster solidarity networks across national borders on the grounds of one or more identities, thus linking their home country to their country of residence and, in the case of the eu, to a broader European space. The emergence of transnational associations underscores the development of multiple interactions between national societies, between national and supranational institutions, and between member states of the eu that continue to reshape the nature and scope of negotiations between states and immigrants.
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van de Kaa, Dirk J. "European migration at the end of history." European Review 1, no. 1 (January 1993): 87–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798700000429.
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European countries are introducing increasing barriers to immigration. With the gradual abolition of border controls within Western Europe, a uniform agreement is needed such as outlined in the Schengen accord which makes full allowance for genuine refugees. The pressure to accept immigrants from Eastern Europe will be very strong.
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Bade, Klaus J. "From Emigration to Immigration: The German Experience in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries." Central European History 28, no. 4 (December 1995): 507–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938900012292.
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United Germany has become more ethnically divers and, to a certain extent, more “multicultural” with a growing minority of immigrants and temporary migrants living within its borders. There are labor migrants from Southern and Eastern Europe with restricted work permits, immigrants coming out of the former “guest worker” population, and ethnic Germants from Eastern Europe as well as various groups of asylum seekers and other refugees.
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Mezzano, Michael. "The Progressive Origins of Eugenics Critics: Raymond Pearl, Herbert S. Jennings, and the Defense of Scientific Inquiry." Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 4, no. 1 (January 2005): 83–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781400003674.
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In the late 1910s and early 1920s, a succession of popular books decried the impact that “new” immigrants were having on the United States. Fearing that the racial quality of the American people was being eroded by the large number of immigrants that had been arriving in the previous decades, the books clamored for radical restrictions on the number of immigrants the country should admit. These books reflect the pervasiveness of the belief that new immigrants were biologically inferior to older immigrants and native-born Anglo-Saxons. This belief, in turn, was rooted in a theory of permanently fixed racial identities that had been circulating throughout Europe and the United States for decades, despite cautions of professional scientists who argued that these theories were not “proven.” Yet non-scientists like Madison Grant and Lothrop Stoddard were the ones who enjoyed widespread public authority on such complex scientific theories as heredity, genetics, and eugenics because they explained these difficult subjects in easily understandable terms–despite the fact that they grossly over-simplified the theories. Simultaneously, they raised shrill cries that these new arrivals thus threatened the “superior” racial stock of America. The anti-immigrant wave that Grant, Stoddard, and others fanned was based on what Grant described as “the science of race,” which he claimed proved “the immutability of somatological or bodily characters.”
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Rutkevich, Elena D. "The Impact of Immigrant Religions on the Nature of Religious Pluralism in the USA and Western Europe." Sociological Journal 25, no. 2 (2019): 8–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/socjour.2019.25.2.6384.
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Some of the most significant consequences of transnational immigration is growing religious diversity and finding a way to manage it. This article considers the concept of pluralism, the differences in religious pluralism between America and Western Europe occurring due to immigration, as well as the roles and possibilities of immigrant religions in the process of adapting to the host society. The history of immigration, models of immigrant incorporation and adaption, patterns of religious pluralism and types of secularism strongly vary in the aforementioned regions. Religion in America is a positive resource and a basis for incorporating immigrants into American society, their recognition in public life, assimilation and construction of an American identity. By contrast, in Western Europe immigrant religions, particularly Islam, are perceived primarily as an obstacle to incorporating immigrants into European societies and their recognition in the public domain. This is explained mainly by the secularist mindset of European people in general, their uncertain “private” religiosity in the context of “Euro-secularity”, the European concept of religion’s place in the “private domain”, as well as types of state-religion relations and institutional patterns of recognition which differ from America.
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Ostergaard, Liv Stubbe, Helle Wallach-Kildemoes, Marie H. Thøgersen, Ulrik B. Dragsted, Annemette Oxholm, Ole Hartling, and Marie Norredam. "Prevalence of torture and trauma history among immigrants in primary care in Denmark: do general practitioners ask?" European Journal of Public Health 30, no. 6 (August 25, 2020): 1163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckaa138.
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Abstract Background Torture survivors typically present with varied and complex symptoms, which may challenge assessment by general practitioners (GPs). This study explored the prevalence of torture and trauma history among immigrants born in non-Western countries presenting to GPs in Denmark and the extent to which GPs ask this population about torture or trauma history. Methods Based on a self-reported questionnaire among non-western immigrant patients, we used bivariate analyses to determine the prevalence of torture and trauma history and the proportion of patients being asked by their GP about this. Data were analysed using multivariate logistic regression. Results From 46 GP clinics, 300 questionnaires were finalized by immigrant patients. Twenty-eight percent of the patients had a history of torture. Of these, significantly more were men (70%) than women (29%). About half of the torture survivors (55%) had been asked by their GP about torture history. The odds ratio (OR, 95% confidence interval) for being asked about torture history by the GP was 1.28 (0.46–3.53) among women compared with men. Compared with Southeast Europe, OR for being a torture survivor among male immigrants from Middle East-North African region and South and East Asia was 1.83 (0.81–4.15) and 0.25 (0.08–0.82), respectively. Conclusions Our results suggest that torture and trauma are widespread among immigrants presenting to GPs. In our study, the GPs had managed to detect half of the torture survivors. A more systematic approach to detection in General Practice is advisable, and more knowledge on how and when to ask is needed.
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Roth-Cohen, Osnat. "Immigration Builds a Nation: The Hybrid Impact of European Immigration on the Development of an Advertising Industry." Journal of Communication Inquiry 42, no. 4 (August 15, 2018): 359–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0196859918792207.
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This research focuses on the nascent advertising industry in British Mandatory Palestine and how it was influenced and transformed by German Jewish immigrants, who arrived between 1933 and 1939, in a wave of immigration known as the Fifth Aliyah. At the time, local advertising was rather small and undeveloped until the mass wave of immigrants (over 200,000), many highly skilled and educated, came from Central Europe, mainly from Germany. These immigrants played a vital role in the local advertising industry. Their contributions were evaluated using a theoretical model consisting of primary analytical factors—mass communication, economy, technology, society, and international transfer. These factors influenced and continue to influence the form of Israeli advertising industry to this day. German immigration demonstrates a hybrid set of influences that played an instrumental role in the development of the local advertising industry in the Land of Israel. Functional-rational and creative aspects in the advertising industry were radically transformed by these new arrivals. Rethinking media history and centering the immigrant’s unique contribution is an important scholarly objective. This is achieved by shifting the discussion from dominant institutions to the local advertising history and focusing on the functional practices and creative methods imported by immigrants.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Immigrants – Europe – History"
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Gagliardo, Vinícius Cranek [UNESP]. "Uma Paris dos trópicos?: perspectivas da europeização do Rio de Janeiro na primeira metade do Oitocentos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93221.
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Com o desembarque da corte portuguesa no Rio de Janeiro, em 1808, tornou-se necessário assegurar o funcionamento da monarquia lusitana em terras brasileiras. Constituir um novo império no Brasil significava dotar a cidade do Rio de Janeiro, escolhida como sede da monarquia, de contornos um pouco mais europeizados, tendo em vista a precariedade da urbe encontrada pela casa de Bragança. Durante a primeira metade do século XIX, entre as instituições fundadas no Rio de Janeiro com a finalidade de “civilizar” a cidade e seus habitantes, destacam-se a Intendência Geral de Polícia da Corte e a Sociedade de Medicina do Rio de Janeiro, instituições cujos registros legaram a imagem de uma cidade cada vez mais civilizada. No entanto, esta perspectiva de um Rio de Janeiro em processo de modernização não foi a única construída pelos homens oitocentistas. Isso porque alguns viajantes estrangeiros, em suas narrativas de viagem, destacaram em detalhes a imagem de uma urbe de aspectos predominantemente coloniais e atrasados. Diante deste quadro, proponho analisar os discursos policial, médico-higiênico e dos viajantes estrangeiros com o objetivo principal de mapear a convivência de diferentes perspectivas da europeização do Rio de Janeiro construídas por aqueles que viveram ou passaram pela cidade durante a primeira metade do Oitocentos
With the arrival of the Portuguese court in Rio de Janeiro, in 1808, it became necessary to ensure the functioning of the Lusitanian monarchy on Brazilian lands. To establish a new empire in Brazil meant to provide the city of Rio de Janeiro, chosen as the seat of the monarchy, the contours a little more Europeanized, in view of the precariousness of the town found by the house of Bragança. During the first half of the nineteenth century, among the institutions founded in Rio de Janeiro in order to “civilized” the city and its inhabitants, stand out the General Stewardship of the Court Police and the Medical Society of Rio de Janeiro, institutions whose records bequeathed the image of a city increasingly civilized. However, this perspective of a Rio de Janeiro in the process of modernization was not the only one built by the nineteenth-century men. This is because some foreign travelers, in their travel narratives, highlighted in details the image of a city with aspects predominantly colonial and backward. Given this situation, I propose to analyze the police, the medical-hygienic and the foreign travelers’ discourses with the principal objective of mapping the coexistence of different perspectives of the Europeanization of the Rio de Janeiro built by those who lived or passed through the city during the first half of the Eight hundred
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Gagliardo, Vinicius Cranek. "Uma Paris dos trópicos? : perspectivas da europeização do Rio de Janeiro na primeira metade do Oitocentos /." Franca : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93221.
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Orientador: Jean Marcel Carvalho FrançaBanca: Lucia Maria Bastos Pereira das Neves
Banca: Ricardo Alexandre Ferreira
Resumo: Com o desembarque da corte portuguesa no Rio de Janeiro, em 1808, tornou-se necessário assegurar o funcionamento da monarquia lusitana em terras brasileiras. Constituir um novo império no Brasil significava dotar a cidade do Rio de Janeiro, escolhida como sede da monarquia, de contornos um pouco mais europeizados, tendo em vista a precariedade da urbe encontrada pela casa de Bragança. Durante a primeira metade do século XIX, entre as instituições fundadas no Rio de Janeiro com a finalidade de "civilizar" a cidade e seus habitantes, destacam-se a Intendência Geral de Polícia da Corte e a Sociedade de Medicina do Rio de Janeiro, instituições cujos registros legaram a imagem de uma cidade cada vez mais civilizada. No entanto, esta perspectiva de um Rio de Janeiro em processo de modernização não foi a única construída pelos homens oitocentistas. Isso porque alguns viajantes estrangeiros, em suas narrativas de viagem, destacaram em detalhes a imagem de uma urbe de aspectos predominantemente coloniais e atrasados. Diante deste quadro, proponho analisar os discursos policial, médico-higiênico e dos viajantes estrangeiros com o objetivo principal de mapear a convivência de diferentes perspectivas da europeização do Rio de Janeiro construídas por aqueles que viveram ou passaram pela cidade durante a primeira metade do Oitocentos
Abstract: With the arrival of the Portuguese court in Rio de Janeiro, in 1808, it became necessary to ensure the functioning of the Lusitanian monarchy on Brazilian lands. To establish a new empire in Brazil meant to provide the city of Rio de Janeiro, chosen as the seat of the monarchy, the contours a little more Europeanized, in view of the precariousness of the town found by the house of Bragança. During the first half of the nineteenth century, among the institutions founded in Rio de Janeiro in order to "civilized" the city and its inhabitants, stand out the General Stewardship of the Court Police and the Medical Society of Rio de Janeiro, institutions whose records bequeathed the image of a city increasingly civilized. However, this perspective of a Rio de Janeiro in the process of modernization was not the only one built by the nineteenth-century men. This is because some foreign travelers, in their travel narratives, highlighted in details the image of a city with aspects predominantly colonial and backward. Given this situation, I propose to analyze the police, the medical-hygienic and the foreign travelers' discourses with the principal objective of mapping the coexistence of different perspectives of the Europeanization of the Rio de Janeiro built by those who lived or passed through the city during the first half of the Eight hundred
Mestre
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Slater, Roland. "Die Maatskappy vir Europese immigrasie : a study of the cultural assimilation and naturalisation of European immigrants to South Africa 1949 -1994." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1633.
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Thesis (MA (History))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.The processes of assimilation and naturalisation are encountered by immigrants around the world in differing degrees. Every immigrant to a new state, is forced to adapt to their new society in certain ways, in order to be able to function successfully in their new community. This thesis aims to look at these processes as they are managed by organisations within the new society. The Maatskappy vir Europese Immigrasie (MEI) [Company for European Immigration] was one such organisation which operated in South Africa. The MEI was founded in 1949, following on from other organisations which had concerned themselves with immigrant recruitment, assimilation and assistance in general. This thesis posits that the MEI, whilst primarily directed at the assistance in assimilating immigrants, also maintained another socio-political agenda.
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O'Brien, Carolyn 1957. "Immigrant integration, European integration : the Front national and the manipulation of French nationhood." Monash University, Centre for European Studies, 2002. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8548.
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Cohen, Yael R. "THE OBSTACLES TO THE INTEGRATION OF MUSLIMS IN GERMANY AND FRANCE: HOW MUSLIMS AND THE STATES IMPAIR THE SMOOTH TRANSITION FROM IMMIGRANT TO CITIZEN." John Carroll University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=jcu1304962476.
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Pawlowicz, Rachel C. "How the 'Plumber' Became a Problem: the United Kingdom, Polish Immigrants, and the European Union, 1945–2014." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1573488178083371.
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Gosselin, Marianne. "The centralization-of-power thesis revisited : a multi-level analysis of the 2015 migrant crisis." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27993.
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Ce mémoire ré-explore la thèse de la centralisation du pouvoir aux niveaux supranational (UE) et national (Allemagne) lors de la crise des migrants de 2015. Cette thèse est largement étudiée et reconnue dans le domaine de la gestion des crises et prend place soit par une approche descendante - les niveaux supérieurs agissent unilatéralement - ou par une approche ascendante - les niveaux inférieurs délèguent aux rangs supérieurs. Au cours de la crise des migrants de 2015, il est attendu que la centralisation aux niveaux national et supranational prenne place avec l’intensification de la crise et par une approche descendante. Le document examine la crise de manière quantitative et présente une analyse de contenu chronologique de 94 déclarations officielles de la Commission Européenne et du gouvernement allemand. Les résultats obtenus confirment la validité de la thèse de la centralisation du pouvoir, son lien à l’intensification de la crise ainsi qu’une approche ascendante.This research paper assesses the well-known centralization-of-power thesis and analyses it at both the supranational level (European Union) and the national level (Germany) during the 2015 migrant crisis. The centralization-of-power thesis is a widely studied and recognized phenomenon in the field of crisis management building on the subsidiarity principle saying that power tends to be centralized in the hands of the highest ranks of a hierarchy when lower ranks are unable to cope with a crisis. The centralization can either take place through a top-down approach – highest ranks take the lead unilaterally – or a bottom-up approach – lowest ranks deliberately delegate power to the higher ranks. According to this thesis, in the case of the 2015 migrant crisis it is expected that the centralization of power happened at both the national and supranational levels as the context aggravated but also through a top-down approach, due to the complex context of the European Union and the highly decentralized structure of German federalism. The paper first examines the 2015 migrant crisis from a quantitative standpoint, tracing its evolution and aggravation. It also presents a computer-assisted content analysis of 94 official statements issued by the European Commission and the German Federal Government’s officials in response to the 2015 migrant crisis. The paper then provides a detailed analysis of the qualitative and quantitative evidence recovered that led to three main conclusions. Firstly, the centralization of power is observed at both the supranational and national levels during the 2015 migrant crisis, but in significantly different ways. Secondly, the centralization of power can be seen as triggered by the aggravation of the context and to the intensification of the crisis. Lastly, it was put into place as a top-down approach; it was German and European’s high officials that took over the crisis management effort and constrained lower levels of government to act accordingly.
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Gaebel, Mary Kate. "An Intersectionality Approach to Understanding Turkish Women’s Educational Attainment in Germany." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1338252812.
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Kopatz, Philip A. "The Red Scare and the Construction of a White American Identity: The Role City Newspapers Played in Undermining the Great Steel Strike of 1919." Walsh University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=walshhonors1555618327121869.
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Lochmann, Alexia. "Essays on the economics of migration and cultural identity." Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01E018.
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Cette thèse vise à mettre en lumière l’interaction entre la mobilité humaine, l’identité culturelle et la mondialisation. Le rôle essentiel que la mobilité humaine et l’identité culturelle jouent dans l’histoire du développement économique est indéniable, car ces deux phénomènes accompagnent l’humanité dans l’espace et le temps. Les questions auxquelles je réponds dans cette thèse se concentrent sur trois aspects de ces phénomènes, qui sont au cœur du débat public actuel. J’aborde ces questions en utilisant des dossiers historiques que j’ai numérisé dans le cadre de ma thèse afin de construire une base de données originale. Je fournis des cadres conceptuels, historiques et théoriques pour chaque sujet, tout en m’appuyant sur des méthodes économétriques rigoureuses pour déduire la causalité. Après une introduction sur l’économie de la migration et de la diversité, le cœur de cette thèse comprend trois articles scientifiques. Le premier article évalue les effets de la formation linguistique sur l’intégration économique des immigrants, le deuxième met en évidence le rôle de l’identité culturelle et des facteurs économiques dans la décision d’émigrer, et le troisième étudie les effets que des informations fausses peuvent avoir sur la formation de l’identité culturelleThis dissertation aims at shedding light on the interplay between human mobility, cultural identity and globalization. The critical role that human mobility and cultural identity play in the history of economic development is undeniable, for both phenomena accompany humankind throughout space and time. The questions I answer in this dissertation intend to focus on three aspects of these phenomena, that are at the core of the current public debate. I address these questions using novel data, partly coming from recently digitized historical files in the context of this doctorate. I provide conceptual, historical and theoretical frames for each topic, while relying on rigorous state-of-the-art econometric methods to infer causality. Following an introduction on the economics of migration and diversity, the core of this dissertation comprises three research papers. The first paper evaluates the effects of language training on the economic integration of immigrants; the second highlights the role of cultural identity and economic factors when taking the decision to emigrate, and the third investigates the effects that misleading information can have on the formation of cultural identity
Books on the topic "Immigrants – Europe – History"
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Sletto, Kathryn A. Douglas County's immigrants: From Europe to America. Alexandria, Minn: Explorer, 1992.
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The history of emigration from Eastern Europe. Danbury, Conn: F. Watts, 1998.
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Horrell, Sarah. The history of emigration from Eastern Europe. Danbury, Conn: F. Watts, 1998.
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Colket, Meredith B. Founders of early American families: Immigrants from Europe 1607-1657. 2nd ed. Cleveland, Ohio: Ohio Society with the authority of General Court of The Order of Founders and Patriots of America, 2002.
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Immigration and xenophobia: Portuguese immigrants in early 19th century Rio de Janeiro. Lanham, Md: University Press of America, 2009.
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1946-, Dijk C. van, and Meulen, Inge van der, 1953-, eds. Indonesiërs in Nederland, 1600-1950. Dordrecht, Holland: Foris Publications, 1986.
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Projects about nineteenth-century European immigrants. New York: Marshall Cavendish Benchmark, 2005.
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Kaya, Bülent. Une Europe en évolution: Les flux migratoires au 20e siècle. Strasbourg: Conseil de l'Europe, 2002.
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Lucassen, Jan. Newcomers: Immigrants and their descendants in the Netherlands 1550-1995. Amsterdam: Het Spinhuis, 1997.
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Wyman, Mark. Round-trip to America: The immigrants return to Europe, 1880-1930. Ithaca, N.Y: Cornell University Press, 1993.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Immigrants – Europe – History"
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DuBois, Thomas A. "Radical utopianism among Nordic immigrant authors." In Comparative History of Literatures in European Languages, 445–54. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/chlel.xxxi.36dub.
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Vintila, Daniela, and Jean-Michel Lafleur. "Migration and Access to Welfare Benefits in the EU: The Interplay between Residence and Nationality." In IMISCOE Research Series, 1–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51241-5_1.
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Abstract Increasing mobility to and from European Union (EU) countries has started to challenge the principles of territoriality and national citizenship through which European democracies traditionally conditioned access to social benefits. Existing typologies of immigrant social protection regimes do not seem to adequately capture (nor explain) the diverse repertoire of policy configurations through which European welfare regimes adapt to migration-driven societal dynamics. This introductory chapter provides a critical reflection on the link between migration and access to welfare in the EU. In doing so, it aims to propose a comprehensive analytical framework that allows for a systematic comparison of the inclusiveness of social protection systems towards mobile individuals. We argue that states’ responsiveness towards the social protection needs of their immigrant and emigrant populations has to be examined through a combination of factors, including the characteristics of these populations, the migration history of these countries, as well as the main features of their welfare state.
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"American Jewish Immigrants and the Invention of Europe." In History, Memory, and Jewish Identity, 172–91. Academic Studies Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781618114754-008.
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Endelman, Todd M. "German Jews in Victorian England." In Broadening Jewish History, 145–68. Liverpool University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781904113010.003.0008.
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This chapter highlights the German Jewish settlement of the Victorian period as the least known of the various migrations that contributed to its growth. It cites the British Census, which did not distinguish between Christians and Jews while recording the country of origin of persons of foreign birth at a time when there was a substantial German trading colony in England. It also discusses the few numbers of German Jewish immigrants who integrated into English society with relative ease after they broke with their Jewish tradition. The chapter mentions the Jews who were immigrants or descendants of immigrants from Holland, the German states, and Poland, who had escaped the poverty and degrading restrictions that embittered Jewish life in most ancien régime states. It probes the immigration from central Europe in the Victorian period as a reflection of the social and economic transformation of Germany that was under way in the nineteenth century.
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Marinari, Maddalena. "The Battle Begins." In Unwanted, 14–42. University of North Carolina Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469652931.003.0002.
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The first chapter examines Italian and Jewish immigrants’ efforts to oppose proposed restrictions on new immigrants from eastern and southern Europe from the passage of the 1882 Immigration Act to the adoption of a literacy test in 1917. During this critical period in the rise of the antirestrictionist movement, both groups created national advocacy organizations (American Jewish Committee and the Order Sons of Italy) to negotiate with legislators in hopes of achieving more political influence. These organizations successfully opposed the passage of a literacy test for arriving immigrants older than 16 until World War I, when organizations like the Immigration Restriction League successfully used the war to mobilize labor unions, reformers, regular Americans, and politicians from the South eager to preserve their political influence to push for the test, which Congress passed over President Wilson’s veto. War and immigration emerge as linked processes in U.S. history. Amid rampant anti-immigrant rhetoric and violence during WWI, the debate over immigration policy pitted advocates for qualitative restriction against those who advocated for quantitative restriction as the best approach to curtail immigration from eastern and southern Europe. Supporters of the literacy test won a temporary battle.
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Gill, Hannah. "Immigration in North Carolina’s Past." In The Latino Migration Experience in North Carolina, Revised and Expanded Second Edition, 53–64. University of North Carolina Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469646411.003.0003.
Full textAbstract:
Chapter 2 recalls North Carolina’s four-hundred-year history of migration to the state. Immigrant populations from Europe and Africa provide a background for later Latin American immigration to North Carolina. Importantly, the chapter places North Carolina immigration history in a larger national context. U.S. policies have shaped who has migrated to North Carolina by dictating the inclusion and exclusion of immigrant groups throughout the nation’s history. Political and economic relations between the United States and Mexico have also created extensive migration networks between the two countries and have led to the formation of centuries-old Latino communities in border states that now look to North Carolina for new opportunities. In more recent years, Asian immigrants have settled in the state and represent one of the fastest growing demographic groups.
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Cooper, John. "Introduction." In Pride Versus Prejudice, 1–10. Liverpool University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781874774877.003.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This introductory chapter provides an overview of the history of the entry of Jews into the medical and legal professions. In surveying this history, there are many factors to consider. Among them is the Jews' changing view of the prestige attached to each profession, the variations in their perception of the psychological and financial rewards to be gained from pursuing a career in medicine or the law, and the hierarchical structure of these professions. At the same time, just as England moved from being part of the British empire run by an elite contemptuous of immigrants, whom they viewed as inferior, so the Jews themselves imbibed new values. Furthermore, their class and status in today's multicultural society is no longer that of recent immigrants. Thus, this book sets out to explain how an Anglo-Jewish immigrant population from eastern Europe, mainly proletarian in character, which arrived in England and Wales between 1880 and 1920, transformed itself socially and economically in the course of three generations.
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MODEL, SUZANNE, and GENE A. FISHER. "The New Second Generation at the Turn of the New Century: Europeans and non-Europeans in the US labour market." In Unequal Chances. British Academy, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197263860.003.0014.
Full textAbstract:
At the turn of the twenty-first century, more immigrants resided in the United States than at any time in the nation's history. Whereas in the past, most immigrants came from Europe, the bulk of the influx has recently come from Asia and Latin America. This chapter shows that the addition of non-Europeans to the American melting pot has wrought some changes in the traditional ‘assimilation tale’. Ceteris paribus, at the turn of the new century, first-generation non-Europeans do not do as well as their European counterparts. On the other hand, most of the second-generation non-European groups do as well as native-born white people. Most ethnic minorities are vulnerable to unemployment, some face hardships in occupational attainment, and a few incur earnings deficits within occupational categories. In general, women fare better than men, and the second generation better than both the first and the third. The one second-generation group in difficulty is Mexicans, but there is an important gender difference here. Both second- and third-generation Mexican women encounter fewer labour-market difficulties than their male counterparts.
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Gerber, Jane S. "Reconstructing Sepharad in Istanbul and Salonica 1492–1600." In Cities of Splendour in the Shaping of Sephardi History, 171–213. Liverpool University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781904113300.003.0006.
Full textAbstract:
The chapter highlights the beginning of the reconstruction of Sephardi intellectual and communal life soon after the Expulsion. It gives importance in the two largest cities in the Ottoman empire, Istanbul and Salonica, that sheltered the largest concentrations of Sephardim in the sixteenth century and provided conditions for the emergence of a new transnational people. Salonica's impact on Sephardi reconstruction was primarily cultural and economic, while Istanbul's impact was political and demographic. The chapter discusses the process of constructing a new Sephardi with the 1942 cataclysm serving as a watershed. It also analyses the majority of the Iberian refugees settled in the Ottoman empire in the sixteenth century and the small number of Iberian refugees, primarily from among the Conversos of Portugal, who found refuge in the West. Salonica, as the closest Ottoman port to Europe, received the first groups of seaborne refugees in the summer of 1492. It continued to be a favourite destination for Sephardim for approximately a century. Conversely, the Iberian immigrants to Istanbul joined a long-established and diverse Romaniote population, Karaites, and Jews from many corners of Anatolia, the Balkans, and Europe. Ultimately, in both Ottoman cities, the Jewish exiles regrouped and formed new communal associations.
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Bryce, Benjamin. "The Future of Ethnicity." In To Belong in Buenos Aires. Stanford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.11126/stanford/9781503601536.003.0001.
Full textAbstract:
The introduction discusses the importance of the future in shaping ethnic communities in Buenos Aires. Underlining the significance of temporality and the future for the social history of migration offers new perspectives on how state institutions developed, how a culturally plural society formed, and how immigrants and families participated in that society. Ethnicity is an unstable category worthy of analysis in itself, and that, as a result, ethnic communities should similarly be studied with that point in mind. The introduction also discusses the transnational turn in German historiography, which has highlighted how people and ideas outside the nation-state influenced conceptions of the nation during the Imperial and Weimar periods. German-speaking immigrants in Buenos Aires actively embraced the transatlantic relationship that groups in central Europe sought to establish, but they had their own ideas about their relationship with their nation of heritage and their nation of residence.
Conference papers on the topic "Immigrants – Europe – History"
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Milovanovic-Bertram, Smilja. "Lina Bo Bardi: Evolution of Cultural Displacement." In 2016 ACSA International Conference. ACSA Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.intl.2016.61.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years much has been written and exhibited regarding Lina Bo Bardi, the Italian/Brazilian architect (1914-1992). This paper aims to look at the phenomenon of cultural displacement and the dissemination of her design thinking as a major female figure in a male dominated profession. This investigation is distinguished from others in that it addresses the importance of regional and cultural influences that formed Lina’s design philosophy in her early years in Italy. Cultural displacement has long played a significant role in the creative process for artists. Often major innovators in literature are immigrants as elements of strangeness, distance, and alienation all contribute to their creativity. The premise is that critical distance is paramount for reflection as a change of context unfolds unforeseen possibilities. Displacement was a consistent element throughout the trajectory of Lina’s architectural career as she moved from Rome to Milan, from Milan to Sao Paolo from Sao Paolo to Bahia and back to Sao Paolo. Viewing this form of detachment and dislocation permits insight into her career and body of work as displacement mediates the paradoxical relationship between time and space. The paper will examine three distinct periods in her career. The first period is set in Rome, where she assimilated the city, showed artistic aptitude and spent her university years studying under Piacentiniand Giovannoni. The second period is set in Milan, where she developed impressive editorial and layout skills in publications work with Gio Ponti and BrunoZevi. and was influenced by Antonio Gramsci’s writings. The third is set in Brazil, where she builds and evolves as an architect via what she absorbed in Rome, wrote in Milan, and finally realized in Brazil. After Italy’s collapse in WWII Lina writes, draws, edits, critiques the plight of the Italians in need of better housing and circumstances. She leaves Milan with her new husband, PM Bardi (a prominent journalist, art critic) for Brazil. In Sao Paolo she absorbs the optimism and positive direction of Brazil. Her early design work in Brazil echoes European modernism, but when she travels to Bahia and becomes aware of the social conditions, she draws from her Italian experiences of and ideas of transforming lives through craft. Her architectural projects become directly responsive to the culture of Bahia and the politics of poverty. Lina’s design thinking evolves and parallels George Kubler’s study, The Shape of Time, and the history of man-made objects by bridging the divide between art and material culture.