Academic literature on the topic 'Immigrants Australia social life and customs'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Immigrants Australia social life and customs.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Immigrants Australia social life and customs"
1
Liu, Shuang, Sharon Dane, Cindy Gallois, Catherine Haslam, and Tran Le Nghi Tran. "The Dynamics of Acculturation Among Older Immigrants in Australia." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 51, no. 6 (June 1, 2020): 424–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022120927461.
Full textAbstract:
This study explores different acculturation pathways that older immigrants follow, and the social/cultural identities they claim (or do not claim), as they live and age in Australia. Data were collected from 29 semi-structured, in-depth interviews with older immigrants (65+ years) from nine cultural backgrounds. We used participants’ self-defined cultural identity to explore how these cultural identities were enacted in different contexts. Mapping self-defined cultural identity with narratives about what participants do in relation to ethnic and host cultures, we found three dynamic acculturation pathways: (a) identifying with the ethnic culture while embracing aspects of Australian culture, (b) identifying with Australian culture while participating in the ethnic culture, and (c) identifying with both cultures while maintaining the way of life of the ethnic culture. These pathways show that acculturation strategies are not necessarily consistent with self-defined identity, within the same individual or over time. Rather, the participants’ narratives suggest that their life in the settlement country involves ongoing negotiation across people, culture, and relationships. The findings highlight the importance for acculturation research to be situated in the context in which immigrants find themselves, to capture the nuances of these dynamic acculturation experiences.
2
Foroughi, E., R. Misajon, and R. A. Cummins. "The Relationships Between Migration, Social Support, and Social Integration on Quality of Life." Behaviour Change 18, no. 3 (September 1, 2001): 156–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/bech.18.3.156.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractPast research indicates that humans have a remarkable ability to maintain normal levels of subjective wellbeing despite adverse objective circumstances. This suggests that such wellbeing may be held under homeostatic control. This paper investigates some of the potential factors that may contribute to this homeostatic mechanism, in response to the major life event of migration. Three groups were examined: Persian immigrants to Australia (Persian-Australians), non-Persian Australians, and Persians residing in Iran. A total of 330 subjects were recruited. A notable finding was that all three groups did not differ in regard to subjective wellbeing, despite the Persian-Australians being a minority ethnic group in Australia, and the Persians having significantly lower objective life quality. The Persian-Australians who migrated at an older age reported lower subjective quality of life, while the number of years of residence in Australia did not appear to be related to the extent of social integration. Subjective life quality was, however, related to subjective social support for the Australian and Persian samples, and to reciprocality of support for the Persian-Australians.
3
Xiong, Xueying, and Hoon Han. "Will my parents come to Australia when retired? Later-life transnational migration intentions of Chinese parents." Australian Population Studies 4, no. 2 (November 16, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.37970/aps.v4i2.68.
Full textAbstract:
Background China is the second largest source country of immigrants to Australia every year. The elderly parents of these working-age immigrants in Australia usually visit their children on a tourist visa, which allows short term family gatherings. These visits do not require much effort. However, when it comes to long-term transnational migration, the decision becomes hard to make and often involves complex factors, such as personal preferences and lifestyle choices.
Aims This paper aims to examine the later-life transnational migration intentions of elderly Chinese parents and how the parents’ intentions are affected by personal preferences, personality and lifestyle differences between the generations.
Data and methods This paper uses data from a two-stage study including an online survey and semi-structured interviews conducted in Sydney from October 2018 to May 2019 with both caregivers (adult children who are first-generation immigrants living in Australia) and their elderly parents.
Results The study found that external contributors such as language barriers and transport dependence in Australia, and existing social ties as well as another adult child living in China, have a negative influence on moving to Australia.
Conclusions Elderly parents with an optimistic and outgoing personality are more likely to consider moving to Australia compared to those who are more conservative. Foremost, conflicts due to different lifestyles between the generations reduces the possibility of parents’ later-life migration to Australia.
4
Leung, Cynthia. "Factors Related to the Mental Health of Elderly Chinese Immigrants in Australia." Australian Journal of Primary Health 8, no. 2 (2002): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py02026.
Full textAbstract:
The present study aimed to examine the factors related to the mental health of elderly Chinese-Australians. Using the framework of Berry (1997), the study examined how individual variables such as social support, length of time in Australia, English competency, self-efficacy and sense of personal control were related to the life satisfaction of elderly Chinese-Australians. The participants consisted of 157 elderly Chinese male and female immigrants (aged 50 or above) recruited through various community groups. Participants completed a questionnaire with several scales on the above issues, and a section on demographic information. The results indicated that life satisfaction was related to age, age at migration, English proficiency, locus of control, social support, and self-efficacy. Implications for service provision were also discussed.
5
Soboń, Andrzej, and Marzena Pietruniak. "Public Perception of Immigration." Kwartalnik "Bellona" 696, no. 1 (March 4, 2019): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.2474.
Full textAbstract:
Uncontrolled migration is one of the internal threats to the state that also manifests itself as a civilization problem. It illustrates the growing lack of social acceptance for this phenomenon. It is the result of not only geopolitical changes, but also the sequence of social dependencies. According to data from the census, over 99.8% are citizens of the Republic of Poland, and persons without citizenship amount to 57 thousand. It should be emphasized that in recent years more and more foreigners have come to Poland in search of a better life. Despite the influx of immigrants, Poland is a country with a negative balance, which proves that more people from Poland emigrate than to come to it. Accurate estimation of the scale of the phenomenon is not easy due to the adoption of the illegal dimension and that the Central Statistical Office and the Office for Foreigners otherwise collect and present information on foreigners. There are lot of intercultural differences connected with religion, tradition, customs and social behaviour. Often the barrier between the world of immigrants and the local society is so great that it creates conflicts in the places where immigrants reside, including anti-refugee protests, inclusive.
6
Pillay, Soma, Shoaib Riaz, and Nirmala Dorasamy. "Examining the work–life balance of immigrants in Australia: An anomie theory perspective." International Journal of Intercultural Relations 93 (March 2023): 101753. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2023.101753.
Full text
7
Shmelev, Dmitry. "Muslim Immigration to France in the 20th Century: Causes, Cycles, Problems." ISTORIYA 12, no. 5 (103) (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840015636-8.
Full textAbstract:
The article devoted to the problem of Muslim immigration in France in the 20th century. The focus is on the causes of Muslim immigration, its cycles, specificity and consequences for modern French society. Based on a comparison of various statistical data, it stated that Muslim immigration is an integral part of three large waves of immigration flows that took place from the end of the 19th to the end of the 20th centuries. The article notes the correlation of the number of Muslim immigrants in France with the global numbers of immigrant arrivals to the country. However, if in the first two waves their number depended on the economic needs of the French economy (Muslims came to earn money), then during the third wave other factors came into play — the creation of stable communities, family reunification, going on stage second and third generations of immigrants, social problems of their arrangement and adaptation to French legal norms and customs. The article notes the specificity of the geographical concentration of the Muslim population, which takes place either near large industrial centers and cities (which makes it easier to find work and social protection), or in places of proximity to their native countries (southern France). Special attention paid to the problem of the evolution of state policy in the admission and integration of immigrants, when various methods tired from assimilation, the adoption of quotas to the policy of flexible regulation of immigration and expulsion of illegal immigrants from the country. The article analyzes the position of the Muslim community in France, the role of Muslim associations in its life, the impact on the socio-cultural life of the French. It can stated that Islam has become the second religion in France, which determines its position — a stable presence in socio-economic life (employment, the spread of the social protection system to immigrants), political (the right to vote, the possibility of creating associations, manifestations), religious (the possibility of worship), cultural (the formation of a specific immigrant subculture).
8
Pomeroy, Hilary. "Introduction." European Judaism 52, no. 2 (September 1, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ej.2019.520201.
Full textAbstract:
The eleven articles in this issue of European Judaism reflect the social and religious culture of Moroccan Jews set against an ever changing backdrop of persecution and conflict, interaction and cohabitation. Ranging from Berber Jews to forced converts, scholars, courtiers and artisans, Moroccan Jews were constantly under threat. Despite this unstable situation, they produced literary and religious works in Hebrew, Judeo-Arabic and Judeo-Spanish as well as creating distinctive life-cycle customs, songs and a highly skilled material culture. While the Jewish community of Morocco is today considerably reduced, Moroccan immigrants in Israel, France and the Americas keep the memory and identity of Jewish Morocco alive.
9
Metraux, Daniel A. "Soka Gakkai in Australia." Nova Religio 8, no. 1 (July 1, 2004): 57–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nr.2004.8.1.57.
Full textAbstract:
Japan's Soka Gakkai International (SGI) has established a small but growing chapter in Australia that in 2002 had about 2,500 members nationwide. Since its founding in the mid-1960s, SGI Australia (SGIA) has evolved into a highly heterogeneous movement dominated by ethnic Asians, of which a large number are Chinese from Southeast Asia. SGIA's appeal is both social and religious. A key factor for SGIA's growth is its emphasis on the concept of community. The fast pace of life, constant movement of people, and a sizeable growth of immigrants have created a sense of rootlessness among many Australians. SGIA's tradition of forming small chapters whose members often meet in each other's homes or community centers creates a tightly bonded group. SGIA members find their movement's form of Buddhism appealing because it is said to give them a greater sense of confidence and self-empowerment, permitting them to manage their own lives in a more creative manner.
10
Mariño, Rodrigo, Victor Minichiello, Margot Schofield, and Clive Wright. "Oral Health through the Life Experiences of Older Greek and Italian Adults." Australian Journal of Primary Health 8, no. 3 (2002): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py02040.
Full textAbstract:
Little is known about the oral health of immigrant groups in Australia, particularly older immigrants, or about their individual life experience with oral health care services. This study was concerned with understanding the social meaning of the oral health experience of older adults from Greek and Italian backgrounds living in Melbourne, Australia. A qualitative approach was selected to allow participants to describe their lived experiences and perceptions regarding oral health. Seventeen focus group interviews were conducted between June and July 2000, with 172 participants recruited from Italian and Greek senior clubs in Melbourne. All of the participants were born overseas. Transcripts were analysed using key words and concepts. The results indicate that the participants' experiences as immigrants, and of growing up within a set of stories about oral health and interactions with dentistry, is critical to shaping their views about oral health. The various meanings surrounding their oral health experiences are partly shaped within the context of pre- and post-migration, socio-cultural environments, and historical changes in oral health treatment philosophies and approaches. The data shows that early experiences of oral health and dentistry services are highly salient in the form of memories, shared stories and folk beliefs, and may serve to influence current oral health practices even today. The study suggests that if oral health professionals are able to identify and understand specific social traditions and life experiences with dentistry, this knowledge could more successfully engage older immigrant groups with oral health promotion activities and treatments, and he useful for designing and evaluating culturally appropriate oral health interventions for older migrant groups.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Immigrants Australia social life and customs"
1
Singley, William Blake. "Recipes for a nation : cookbooks and Australian culture to 1939." Phd thesis, 2013, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/109392.
Full textAbstract:
Cookbooks were ubiquitous texts found in almost every Australian home. They played an influential role that extended far beyond their original intended use in the kitchen. They codified culinary and domestic practices thereby also codifying wider cultural practices and were linked to transformations occurring in society at large. This thesis illuminates the many ways in which cookbooks reflected and influenced developments in Australian culture and society from the early colonial period until 1939. Whilst concentrating on culinary texts, this thesis does not primarily focus on food; instead it explores the many different ways that cookbooks can be read to further understand Australian culture in the nineteenth and early twentieth century. Through cookbooks we can chart the attitudes and responses to many of the changes that were occurring in Australian life and society. During a period of dramatic social change cookbooks were a constant and reassuring presence in the home. It was within the home that the foundations of Australian culture were laid. Cookbooks provide a unique perspective on issues such as gender, class, race, education, technology, and most importantly they hold a mirror up to Australia and show us what we thought of ourselves.
2
St, John Graham 1968. "Alternative cultural heterotopia ConFest as Australia's marginal centre." [Melbourne] : Confest Integrity Agency, 2000. http://nla.gov.au/nla.arc-41333.
Full textAbstract:
Title from title screen (viewed on 15 Apr. 2004) Text and graphics. Web site contains the complete thesis submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, School of Sociology, Politics and Anthropology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia. Also includes photographs and links to related web sites. System requirements: Adobe Acrobat reader for viewing files in PDF format. Mode of access: Internet via World Wide Web. Available at: http://www.confest.org/thesis/index.html Selected for archivingANL
3
Pritchard, Stephen (Stephen John) 1970. "Contested titles : postcolonialism, representation and indigeneity in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand." Monash University, Centre for Comparative Literature and Cultural Studies, 2000. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/7831.
Full text
4
Ashraf, Mujeeba. "Experiences of young adult Muslim second generation immigrants in Britain : beyond acculturation." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/8099.
Full textAbstract:
This research is an attempt to understand the living experiences of young adult Muslim SGIs, in Britain. This research advocates to understand their living experiences from the perspective of social identity approach which discusses multiple dimensions of identity, unlike acculturation theory which focuses on a mono dimension of identity. This research introduced a multiple social identity model for Muslim SGIs. Contrary to the previous literature, the first study, the interview study, revealed that they explained their conflicts with their non-Muslim British peers and with their parents on the basis of non-shared identity. With their non-Muslim British peers they shared cultural (national) identity, therefore, they explained their conflicts in terms of different religious values (practices); with their parents they shared religious identity, therefore they explained their conflicts in terms of different cultural (ethnic) values and practices. They argued that their parents practise various cultural practices in the name of Islam, and Muslim SGIs distinguished Islam from their parents' culture, and identified with the former, not the latter, and attributed their conflicts to their parents' cultural values. In addition, they explained that their religious identity enables them to deal with conflicts with peers and parents. The second study, the focus group, successfully validated the findings of the first study, and it broadened the understanding of the fact that SGIs and their parents both explained their religion in their own cultural context. Their religious (Muslim) identity also promotes their relationships with their non-Muslim British peers and parents, which contributes positively towards their British identity, and more specifically they define themselves as British Muslims. In the third study, the survey study, the hypotheses were developed on the bases of the qualitative studies. It was expected and found that British and Muslim identities were positively correlated; they had non-significant identity differences with the Muslim identity and significant identity difference with British and ethnic identities from their parents. Ethnic identity difference from their parents was the only found predictor of their attribution of their conflicts to their parents' cultural values.
5
Zipp, Gisela Lesley. "A history of the German settlers in the Eastern Cape, 1857-1919." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004215.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis came into being as the result of a question innocently posed to me three years ago: Why do some towns in the Eastern Cape have German names? This thesis is not so much an answer to that question (which is answered in the following paragraphs) as an attempt to answer the questions that followed: Were the Germans really as benevolent and hard-working as much of the most readily available literature implies? Why did the military settlers leave and the peasant farmer settlers remain? What was the nature of relationships between the German settlers and other groups in the area? How did the German settlers see themselves? The existing literature provides the historic details, more or less, but not the context and explanations I sought. As such, I set out to find them and document them myself, addressing three main questions: 1. What was the (changing) nature of the German settlers' day-to-day lives between 1857 and 1919? 2. How was a German identity maintained/constructed within the German communities of the Eastern Cape between 1857 and 1919? 3. How did the Germans interact with other groups in the area? In answering these questions, I have also provided the necessary background as to why these settlers chose to come to South Africa, and why some of them left. I have limited this study to the period between 1857 and 1919 so as to include the First World War and its immediate aftermath, a time when enmity between Great Britain and Germany would have made life difficult for German descendants in the Union of South Africa. Introduction, p. 7.
6
López, Salinas Anabel. "Exploring Transnational Economic, Social, and Political Participation of Mexican Immigrants in Oregon." PDXScholar, 2016. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2703.
Full textAbstract:
Using a mixed methods approach and expanding on the literature on immigrants' transnational civic engagement, this research explores the paths and barriers to Mexican immigrant civic, economic, political, and social engagement in both immigrants' communities of origin in Mexico and communities of residence in Oregon, a relatively new destination for Mexican immigrants. The majority of the adult Mexican population only arrived to the state of Oregon over the last 15 years. Today Latinos represent the largest racial-ethnic minority, twelve percent of the state population, with Mexicans making up 90 percent of this Latino population. Most of the Mexican immigrants in Oregon come from rural communities in Mexico, have an indigenous background, experience low levels and literacy, and up to 90 percent of the adult Mexican population is undocumented (King et al., 2011). This research modifies Paasche and Fangen's framework to better capture the civic engagement of Mexican immigrants in Oregon who lack legal status in the US and who come from an indigenous background.
The conventional wisdom is that immigrants are more engaged in their new communities the longer they have lived there, the more educated and well paid they are, and the better they speak English. Yet the majority of Mexican migrants in Oregon lack these attributes as well as legal status, but still appear to be strongly engaged in both Mexico and in the United States. Immigrants organize to pursue economic, political, and socio-cultural transnational goals in Mexico and in the U.S. Politicians, researchers, and activists in both Mexico and the United States have noted the growing importance of these migrant groups as bridges between the two nations (Rivera Salgado et al., 2005, p. 3). Transnational organizations provide immigrants with the opportunity to be civically involved with the development of their communities of origin, and at the same time also participate in social, economic and political issues in the United States. Civic participation by Mexican immigrants is of importance to Oregon's future because the majority of these immigrants have settled permanently in the United States with their families and have and will continue to affect public policy that will shape Oregon's future.
7
Rozanna, Lilley. "Paperbark people, paperbark country : gender relations, past and present, amongst the Kungarakany of the Northern Territory." Thesis, Department of Anthropology, University of Sydney, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/275607.
Full textAbstract:
Not having the feeling of presenting a clearly identifiable product, I will explain some of the basic impressions that motivated this thesis, point out the targets it is aimed at, the polemics it engages in or opens and indicate something of the design of the work.
8
Aguirre, Berenice D. "Identifying the needs of the Purhepecha children and families: An indigenous population of immigrants from Michoacan Mexico living in the the United States." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2008. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3400.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to identify the needs of the Purhepecha children, also referred to as Tarascan, and their families living in the Eastern Coachella Valley located in California. A questionaire was developed by the author in order to identify the population's specific needs. Ultimatley, it is with hope that the Purhepecha people's needs will be understood as relevant to their language and culture, and make these needs public for other professionals working with this population.
9
Lai, Siu Kay Stephen. "Struggling against social disadvantages : the life stories of six "new immigrant families" in Hong Kong in the 1990's." HKBU Institutional Repository, 1999. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/133.
Full text
10
Hallak, Mahmoud Essam. "Privacy in homes of Shaamy Muslim immigrants : a study of privacy patterns in single-family detached homes and townhouses of middle-class immigrants in Montreal." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33262.
Full textAbstract:
After W.W.II several waves of mostly highly educated, middle-class, traditional Muslim families from Shaam arrived in Canada. The major problem that faced them, as a result of cultural differences with their new milieu, was the unresponsiveness of their living environment in Montreal to their distinguished religious and cultural needs---most notably those involving the idea of privacy . The purpose of this study is to examine privacy patterns in homes of the Shaamy community in Montreal, by analyzing the physical characteristics of their single-family detached homes and townhouses, usage patterns of domestic space, and inhabitants' social behavior. The research goes further to explore privacy-induced patterns of change in the physical environment of the home, space functions, and domestic behavior, which aim to improve privacy conditions in community homes.In particular, this research provides a description and analysis of the indigenous lifestyle and the socio-religious and cultural privacy concepts of this community. The research then scrutinizes the correlation between these elements and the physical characteristics of Montreal's housing patterns, and privacy concepts which are embodied in their designs. Both internal home layouts and functions, and outdoor settings are analyzed in relation to community privacy conceptions. This investigation process intends to diagnose major privacy deficiencies in the design of their homes and to highlight domestic privacy mechanisms and utilization modes of the home environment. Finally, criteria are established for improving the design of community detached homes and townhouses, with minimal change to their physical structure and patterns.
Books on the topic "Immigrants Australia social life and customs"
1
Surian, Annalisa. Cavasott in Australia. [Bilbul, NSW?: Annalisa Surian, 2008.
Find full text
2
Cauchi, Maurice N. Maltese migrants in Australia. [Victoria, Australia]: Maltese Community Council of Victoria, 1990.
Find full text
3
The immigrant's guide to living in Australia. Doncaster, Victoria: Hymie Zawatzky, 2013.
Find full text
4
Ruchira, Ganguly-Scrase, ed. Indians in Victoria, Australia: A historical, social, and demographic profile of Indian immigrants. 2nd ed. Geelong, Vic: School of Humanities, Deakin University, 1988.
Find full text
5
Kabo, V. R. The road to Australia: Memoirs. Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press, 1998.
Find full text
6
Ricatti, Francesco. Embodying migrants: Italians in postwar Australia. Bern: Peter Lang, 2011.
Find full text
7
Mizukami, Tetsuo. The sojourner community: Japanese migration and residency in Australia. Leiden: Brill, 2005.
Find full text
8
Mizukami, Tetsuo. The sojourner community: Japanese migration and residency in Australia. Leiden: Brill, 2007.
Find full text
9
Langthorn, Catherine. Pinner to Paradise: The Langthorn letters : written 1883-1927 to an emigrant from Pinner, Middlesex, to Australia. Pinner: Pinner Local History Society, 1995.
Find full text
10
Carter, M. J. M. No convicts there: Thomas Harding's colonial South Australia. Port Melbourne, Vic: Thames & Hudson, 1998.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Immigrants Australia social life and customs"
1
Carrion, Iraida V. "Dying in a Foreign Land." In The Oxford Textbook of Palliative Social Work, edited by Terry Altilio, Shirley Otis-Green, and John G. Cagle, 183–91. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197537855.003.0017.
Full textAbstract:
Identifying diversity among immigrants in the palliative care setting is essential. It is vital to understand the country of origin and to have an understanding of the country’s regions, customs, specific characteristics, and geographical features that facilitates engagement and interventions with immigrants and their families. The ability to identify language preferences, religious/spiritual beliefs, and health beliefs during serious illness and at the end of their lives enables communication regarding treatment decisions. Social workers need to inform patients and their family members that they will maintain their confidentiality with regard to immigration status issues. Recognizing, validating, and exploring beliefs related to truth telling is important in serious illness and end-of-life care. Additionally, immigrants’ requests for palliative treatment and their wishes concerning the place of death and burial must be proactively assessed in the context of serious illness and its impact on mixed-status families.
2
John, Rachel St. "The Space Betwen." In Line in the Sand. Princeton University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691141541.003.0005.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter focuses on the government efforts to regulate, tax, and restrict transborder movement and enforce jurisdictional boundaries within the context of social and economic integration. As the threat of Apaches and filibusters faded, the border shifted from a site where the state proved its power through military defense of its territory to one in which sovereignty was measured in customs collected, immigrants rejected, and bandits arrested. All of these responsibilities demanded that U.S. and Mexican officials attempt to control who and what crossed it. As such, the U.S. and Mexican governments resurveyed the boundary line and established new ports of entry along it. They also dispatched a growing force of customs, immigration, and law enforcement officers to the border to enforce a growing number of conditional restrictions. With these efforts the nation-states increased their presence in everyday life along the border and laid the foundation for the modern border control apparatus.
3
Bueltmann, Tanja, and Donald M. MacRaild. "The origins and development of the English diaspora in North America." In The English diaspora in North America. Manchester University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526103710.003.0002.
Full textAbstract:
Chapter 1 frames the following discussion of English associations and ethnic activities by charting English migration to North America from the mid-1700s. The earlier emigrants carried with them cultural characteristics, habits and customs that were critical in shaping the social and civic life that marked the English as foundational and invisible within America society. We problematize existing scholarship and challenge the assumption that the hegemony of the English language and the early immigrants’ foundational context provided all subsequent English migrants with a permanent and unchanging advantage over other migrant groups by default. Ordinary English migrants faced the same challenges and hardships as any other group; working-class immigrants in particular dealt with many common economic pressures regardless of their origins. Ultimately, the English had much in common with those of other backgrounds. The English settled in all colonies, counties and states; they were loaded towards the urban and industrial areas, but the focus upon the north-east—in both the colonial and early Republican period, as well as north of the border in what was to become Canada—gradually gave way to greater diffusion: a diffusion in line with the spread of ethnic associations. In the nineteenth century, English-born immigrants—the mainstay of English ethnic associations—came to be hugely out-numbered by several immigrant groups, most notably the Irish, with whom innate tensions were reprised in the new country. Chapter 1 explores such factors as a frame for the study that follows.