Relevant bibliographies by topics / Immigrant-Native Employment Gap

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses

Academic literature on the topic 'Immigrant-Native Employment Gap'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 25 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Immigrant-Native Employment Gap"

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HEIM, BRADLEY T., ITHAI Z. LURIE, and SHANTHI P. RAMNATH. "Immigrant–native differences in employment-based retirement plan participation." Journal of Pension Economics and Finance 11, no. 3 (November 14, 2011): 365–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147474721100062x.

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AbstractThis paper examines differences between immigrant and native employees in retirement plan participation using SIPP data. We find that the participation rate among natives is 60 percent, while the native-immigrant participation gap ranges from 10.9 percentage points for naturalized citizens to 35.4 percentage points for non-permanent residents. Controlling for demographic and job characteristics can explain up to half of the gap. Decomposing the overall immigrant-native difference into differences in employer offers, plan eligibility, and plan take-up shows that the likelihood of working for an employer that offers a plan is the primary driver of the overall gap.
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Gorinas, Cédric. "Ethnic identity, majority norms, and the native–immigrant employment gap." Journal of Population Economics 27, no. 1 (January 23, 2013): 225–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00148-012-0463-3.

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3

Bergh, Andreas. "Explaining the labor market gaps between immigrants and natives in the OECD." Migration Letters 14, no. 2 (May 1, 2017): 251–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v14i2.330.

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In most OECD-countries immigrants have lower employment and higher unemployment than natives. The gap in labor market outcomes is larger in countries with more immigrant friendly attitudes. This paper suggests that in countries where labor market institutions are less competitive, native workers face less direct wage competition from immigration. As a result, the general population is more immigrant-friendly and income inequality is dampened. On the other hand, employment among immigrants suffers, thwarting the potential economic benefits from immigration. Empirical analysis of 19–28 OECD countries using Bayesian model averaging to cope with the model selection problem, provide support for the relevance of labor market institutions against other plausible explanations of immigrant labor market outcomes. In particular, the unemployment gap is bigger in countries where collective bargaining agreements cover a larger share of the labor market.
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4

Luik, Marc-André, Henrik Emilsson, and Pieter Bevelander. "The male immigrant–native employment gap in Sweden: migrant admission categories and human capital." Journal of Population Research 35, no. 4 (July 26, 2018): 363–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12546-018-9206-y.

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5

Zorlu, Aslan, and Joop Hartog. "Employment Assimilation of Immigrants in The Netherlands: Dip and Catchup by Source Country." International Journal of Population Research 2012 (June 4, 2012): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/634276.

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Using two Dutch labour force surveys, we compare employment assimilation of immigrants by source country, after ranking countries by presumed social-cultural distance to The Netherlands. We test this ranking of human capital transferability on the ranking by initial performance dip at entry as an immigrant and speed of assimilation as measured by the slope on years-since-migration. We also test the predicted association between entry gap and speed of assimilation (faster assimilation if the initial dip is larger). Both hypotheses are largely supported. Most immigrant groups never reach parity with native Dutch, neither in (un-)employment probability nor in job quality, and certainly not within 25 years after arrival.
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Yang, Kyung-Eun. "Employment Gap between Immigrant and Native Women in South Korea: Discrimination in the Labor Market Pre-entry Stage." OMNES: The Journal of Multicultural Society 7, no. 2 (January 31, 2017): 99–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.15685/omnes.2017.01.7.2.99.

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7

Brenzel, Hanna, and Malte Reichelt. "Job Mobility as a New Explanation for the Immigrant-Native Wage Gap: A Longitudinal Analysis of the German Labor Market1." International Migration Review 52, no. 3 (August 13, 2018): 724–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/imre.12313.

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In industrialized countries, wages between migrants and natives usually differ. Previous studies that mostly focused on human capital theory and cross-sectional wage differences failed to fully explain the wage gap. We offer a new explanation and assume that differences in the employment trajectories of migrants and natives contribute to diverging wages after labor market entrance. Utilizing longitudinal data for Germany, we analyze the job mobility of migrants and natives and distinguish among voluntary, involuntary, and internal job changes. Indeed, we find evidence for differences in transition patterns and — using several fixed-effects regressions — are able to explain a substantial part of the gap in hourly wages. The results suggest that the higher number of involuntary changes among migrants increases the wage gap. In contrast, support for more voluntary and internal job changes among migrants should help to counteract diverging earnings trajectories.
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Kazlou, Aliaksei, and Martin Klinthall. "Entrepreneurial response to changing opportunity structures." International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 25, no. 5 (August 13, 2019): 859–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijebr-02-2018-0090.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse how the introduction of a liberalised regime for labour immigration in Sweden affected the self-selection of new immigrant entrepreneurs and to what extent the changes in entrepreneurial income among new immigrants was due to self-selection or to a changing business environment. Design/methodology/approach Based on rich microdata from Swedish administrative registers, this paper investigates how incomes changed during the years before and after the migration policy reform. By decomposing the income differential of new immigrant entrepreneurs arriving before and after the reform, this study estimates the contribution of a changed composition of migrants to the changing entrepreneurial income. Findings Entrepreneurial income among self-employed new immigrants improved after the reform, narrowing the immigrant–native income gap, while among employees, the income gap remained during the whole period of the study. Out of the total 10.9 per cent increase in log income, the authors find that 2.7 per cent was due to selectivity, i.e., changing characteristics of new immigrant entrepreneurs. The remaining 8.2 per cent was due to increased returns to characteristics, i.e., the characteristics of new immigrant entrepreneurs were better rewarded in the markets in the latter period. Hence, increases in entrepreneurial income among new immigrants were due both to self-selection and changes in the business environment. Practical implications The authors find that the migration policy reform had the effect of attracting successful immigrant entrepreneurs. Hence, the findings have implications for migration policy as well as for growth and employment policy. Originality/value This paper reveals a positive trend regarding income from the entrepreneurship of new immigrants after the liberalisation of labour immigration policy in Sweden. Theoretically and methodologically, the authors combine self-selection theory and the mixed-embeddedness perspective in a novel way, using rich data and a quantitative approach.
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HEISIG, JAN PAUL, BRAM LANCEE, and JONAS RADL. "Ethnic inequality in retirement income: a comparative analysis of immigrant–native gaps in Western Europe." Ageing and Society 38, no. 10 (May 4, 2017): 1963–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x17000332.

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ABSTRACTPrevious research unequivocally shows that immigrants are less successful in the labour market than the native-born population. However, little is known about whether ethnic inequality persists after retirement. We use data on 16 Western European countries from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC, 2004–2013) to provide the first comparative study of ethnic inequalities among the population aged 65 and older. We focus on the retirement income gap (RIG) between immigrants from non-European Union countries and relate its magnitude to country differences in welfare state arrangements. Ethnic inequality after retirement is substantial: after adjusting for key characteristics including age, education and occupational status, the average immigrant penalty across the 16 countries is 28 per cent for men and 29 per cent for women. Country-level regressions show that income gaps are smaller in countries where the pension system is more redistributive. We also find that easy access to long-term residence is associated with larger RIGs, at least for men. There is no clear evidence that immigrants’ access to social security programmes, welfare state transfers to working-age households or the strictness of employment protection legislation affect the size of the RIG.
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Einarsdóttir, Þorgerður, Thamar M. Heijstra, and Guðbjörg Linda Rafnsdóttir. "The politics of diversity: Social and political integration of immigrants in Iceland." Veftímaritið Stjórnmál og stjórnsýsla 14, no. 1 (May 30, 2018): 131–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.13177/irpa.a.2018.14.1.6.

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The ethnic diversity of modern states raises the question of where successful countries are in terms of immigrant inclusion. The number of immigrants in Iceland has increased significantly since 2004, and by the end of 2016, immigrants made up around 10% of the population of Iceland. Research reveals a gap between immigrants and natives in terms of social and political inclusion. This paper examines the social and political integration of male and female immigrants in Iceland via comparisons with the native population. We ask how native Icelanders and people with a non-Icelandic background experience their social position and political participation within Icelandic society. We focus on political efficacy, ideas about what makes a good citizen, and subjective status position as indicators of the degree of social and political integration. We use data from the 2014 International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) on Citizenship, which is based on a random sample of 2,000 individuals and random samples of 600 individuals each targeting two of the largest immigrant groups in Iceland—Lithuanians and Poles—as well as the largest Asian immigrant group: Filipinos. Although the findings show integration of immigrants up to a certain extent, the differences between Icelandic and non-Icelandic participants are apparent and include certain disadvantages for participants with a foreign background. Although other variables—such as income, education, paid employment status, and age—play a larger role in social and political status than foreign nationality, the findings of this study suggest that there is room to improve the integration of immigrants in Iceland.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Immigrant-Native Employment Gap"

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Nilsson, Tilda. "Ethnic identity and the female native-immigrant employment gap in Sweden." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi och statistik (NS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-96233.

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Immigration to Sweden has increased in recent decades with low employment records of foreign-born, especially among females. It is a political challenge to integrate immigrants into the labour market and in the ongoing debate, an integration factor that has been put forward is immigrant’s adaption of the majority identity in the host country. Using data from the European Social Survey, this thesis investigates the female native-immigrant employment gap in Sweden and contributes to the debate about the relationship between ethnic identity and labour market-outcomes. The results indicate that it exists an interethnic employment gap and being an immigrant leads to an employment penalty of 10%. Further, ethnic identity is negatively correlated with employment probabilities. Having a strong identity being an immigrant decreases the probability of employment by 6%.
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Abrahamsson, Amanda, and Thea Andersson. "Ethnic and Gender Differences in the Swedish Labour Market: Do Attitudes Towards Immigrants Matter?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi och statistik (NS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-105308.

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International migration has had a steady growth over the last decades and the integration of immigrants into the labour market is a challenge for many countries. Previous literature has found that immigrants, especially non-European immigrants, are disadvantaged in the labour market, and that the size of this disadvantage differs between male and female immigrants. One potential explanation for non-European immigrants’ labour market disadvantage is discrimination, which can be expressed through negative attitudes towards immigrants. Using individual data from the European Social Survey, this paper investigates whether there is a relation between negative attitudes towards immigrants and the employment gap between non-European immigrants and natives in Sweden, and whether this relation differs by gender. The results, however not statistically significant, indicate that there is a negative relation between negative attitudes towards immigrants and the immigrant-native employment gap. Moreover, the female immigrant-native employment gap is found to be more negatively affected by negative attitudes towards immigrants.
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