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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Immigrant business enterprises – Canada

Academic literature on the topic 'Immigrant business enterprises – Canada'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Immigrant business enterprises – Canada"

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Wayland, Sarah V. "Saving Small Business: The Urgent Need for Improved Business Succession Planning and how Immigrant Entrepreneurs can Help." Papers in Canadian Economic Development 18 (April 11, 2019): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/pced.v18i0.93.

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<p>Small business is the backbone of the Canadian economy, yet fewer than half of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Canada currently have a succession plan in place. As such, many of these businesses could be at risk of closure, potentially reducing the wealth of the business owners in question and depriving communities of needed goods and services. This paper explores the possibility of business succession matching programs, with a focus on immigrants as potential purchasers of businesses. Immigrants are more likely to own a business than their Canadian-born counterparts, and a succession matching program could enable them to access established businesses, mentoring, and even creative financing to enhance their own chances of success as well as preserving desirable firms. The research is based on a review of existing literature, case studies and several interviews which identify an urgent need and potential solutions. </p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>succession planning, small enterprise, immigration, immigrant entrepreneurs</p>

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Mott Machado, Michel, Caroline Shenaz Hossein, Roberto Pessoa de Queiroz Falcão, and Eduardo Picanço Cruz. "Brazilian-Canadian Immigrant Businesses Configuration in the Greater Toronto Metropolitan Area, Canada." Frontera norte 33 (January 1, 2021): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33679/rfn.v1i1.2126.

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The purpose of the present article is to examine self-employment and a sample of micro-enterprises of Brazilian immigrants in Toronto, Canada, and to unveil their social networking mechanisms, the influence of their culture, and human capital. The methodology encompassed the application of 74 questionnaires to Brazilian-Canadian entrepreneurs and 42 semi-structured interviews, aiming at understanding their experiences and relationships. The contributions include stating economic insecurity, political instability, and violence as reasons for migration and showing that social capital is essential for starting and developing a business as entrepreneurs often were driven out of necessity due to barriers in the labor market. As an exploratory study, the article is limited to discussing descriptive aspects of the Brazilian community of entrepreneurs. However, its implications might encompass new studies that involve creating migration policies for newcomers, longitudinal studies, or comparisons with other ethnicities.

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Gravel, Sylvie, Daniel Côté, Stéphanie Gladu, and France Labrèche. "O1E.4 Electronic waste recycling in québec, canada: hiring practices and occupational health and safety management." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, Suppl 1 (April 2019): A11.2—A11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2019-epi.30.

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Background and objectiveElectronic waste recycling (e-recycling) has received little attention from an occupational health and safety (OHS) perspective. Our objective was to describe hiring and OHS management practices in a sample of formal e-recycling facilities.MethodsWithin a cross-sectional study of exposure of e-recycling workers to various contaminants, we conducted semi-structured face-to-face interviews with a sample of 26 workers and 6 managers, employed in four companies. Thematic analyses, followed by a matrix analysis based on the companies’ missions were conducted on the recorded interviews.ResultsThree companies are small enterprises: one receives young offenders/ex-prisoners for up to six months of vocational internships; another is a private company recruiting its workforce through governmental programs integrating people with chronic health problems; the third, a family business, mainly employs workers within neighbouring communities. Lastly, a medium-sized unionized company recruits its employees through staffing agencies, offering permanent jobs to the best candidates after a three-month trial period. Most participants were male, aged between 20–50 years old, and had not completed high school, except for a few recent immigrants with graduate degrees. Regarding occupational hazards in their workplace, 40% of interviewees reported chemicals, 31% mentioned the danger of being struck by lift trucks, and less than 25% identified toxic vapours, inappropriate protective personal equipments (PPEs), cuts, dusts, musculoskeletal or back pain. Some workers expressed concern about the pace of work (and resulting stress), which they identified as an injury risk factor. None of the participants received any mentoring upon entering the job. Agency workers had inferior wages and did not have access to the same OHS preventive practices or PPEs as regular workers.ConclusionsIn our sample, OHS management practices varied according to the employment relationship, although workers are exposed to similar working conditions. Working conditions in the growing e-recycling industry need our attention.

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Curci, Roberto, and Robert Mackoy. "Immigrant business enterprises: A classification framework conceptualization and test." Thunderbird International Business Review 52, no. 2 (March 2010): 107–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tie.20318.

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Heilbrunn, Sibylle, and Nonna Kushnirovich. "Immigrant and indigenous enterprises: similarities and differences." International Journal of Business Performance Management 9, no. 3 (2007): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijbpm.2007.013312.

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Gomez, Claudia, B. Yasanthi Perera, Judith Y. Weisinger, David H. Tobey, and Taylor Zinsmeister-Teeters. "The impact of immigrant entrepreneurs℉ social capital related motivations." New England Journal of Entrepreneurship 18, no. 2 (March 1, 2015): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/neje-18-02-2015-b002.

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The immigrant entrepreneurship literature indicates that immigrant entrepreneurs reap numerous benefits from their co-ethnic communities℉ social capital. These benefits, however, often come at a price because scholars note the potential for this community social capital to impose limitations on the entrepreneurs. While the literature largely focuses on the benefits of social capital, there is no research on what motivates the immigrant entrepreneurs to engage with their co-ethnic community in terms of contributing to, and utilizing, their co-ethnic communities℉ social capital, and the consequences these may have on their enterprises. Addressing this gap in the literature is important in the development of successful immigrant enterprises. Thus, based on a model posited by Portes and Sensenbrenner (1993), we suggest that immigrant entrepreneurs℉ motivations will influence their use of, and contributions to, co-ethnic community social capital, impacting, in turn, business success. We contribute to both the immigrant entrepreneurship and social capital research through exploring how entrepreneurs℉ motives, with respect to their co-ethnic communities℉ social capital, influence business success.

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Ley, David. "Explaining Variations in Business Performance Among Immigrant Entrepreneurs in Canada." Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 32, no. 5 (July 2006): 743–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13691830600704123.

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Rahman, Md Mizanur, Ali A. Hadi Alshawi, and Mehedi Hasan. "Entrepreneurship in Ethnic Enterprises: The Making of New Immigrant Businesses in New York." Sustainability 13, no. 20 (October 11, 2021): 11183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132011183.

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Research on ethnic entrepreneurship has generated substantial literature on the development of ethnic businesses among different immigrant groups in North America. Such studies tend to focus on the emergence of immigrant entrepreneurship among earlier immigrant groups by highlighting either the group characteristics or the opportunity structure. Existing studies also tend to overlook the importance of innovation in immigrants’ small businesses due to the marginality of immigrant businesses. Thus, there is a dearth of research on new immigrant communities in the USA that illuminates immigrants’ innovative practices. Drawing on the experiences of 50 Bangladeshi entrepreneurs in New York, this research examined how this emerging immigrant group transformed into immigrant entrepreneurs through the investigation of their innovative practices in small business. This paper determined that immigrant entrepreneurs are embedded within the dynamics of the immigration trajectory and the broader context of American society. Although these new immigrants were driven towards the lower end of the economy, this study found that innovations have expanded the breadth and depth of their businesses and made their businesses different and rewarding.

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Perreault, Charles, Gabrielle A. Brenner, Teresa V. Menzies, Louis Jacques Filion, and Charles Ramangalahy. "Social capital and business performance: ethnic enterprises in Canada." International Journal of Business and Globalisation 1, no. 2 (2007): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijbg.2007.014429.

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Ostrovsky, Yuri, Garnett Picot, and Danny Leung. "The financing of immigrant-owned firms in Canada." Small Business Economics 52, no. 1 (February 27, 2018): 303–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11187-018-0020-x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Immigrant business enterprises – Canada"

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Lee, Eunju. "Gendered processes : Korean immigrant small business ownership /." New York : LFB Scholarly Pub, 2006. http://www.ebrary.com/.

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Dalhammar, Tobias. "Voices of entrepreneurship and small business : immigrant enterprises in Kista, Stockholm." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-163.

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Thornhill, Stewart. "Essays on new venture survival and growth." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0020/NQ46435.pdf.

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Hosler, Akiko S. "Japanese immigrant entrepreneurs in New York City : a wave of ethnic business /." New York : Garland Pub, 1998. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0652/98015135-d.html.

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Olivieri, Javier Alejandro. "Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) : the engine of Canada's economy : the legal framework of three sensitive spheres for SMES' growth : financing, taxation and international trade." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80944.

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It is widely believed that small and medium-sized enterprises ("SMEs"), acting as a source of innovation and job creation, play a key role in the economy of Canada.
The legal framework which regulates SMEs' activities is vast. This thesis focuses on the legal framework and most important aspects of three critical areas: financing, taxation and international trade.
After describing and interpreting the legal framework of these areas and the information obtained from public and private institutions which are considered key in these issues, this thesis presents conclusions in relation to the question of how and in what way, if any, the current legislative and regulatory framework relating to SMEs contributes to the growth and prosperity of SMEs and to the importance of such a framework to SMEs' success and growth.

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Lee, Sae-Jae. "Immigrant occupational choice : an economic model of Korean and other Asian immigration to the U.S. /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7478.

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Hanlon, Dennis J. "Vision and support in new venture start-ups : an exploratory study of Newfoundland firms." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2606.

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In seeking to account for variation in the performance of new and small firms entrepreneurship theory has experienced a shift away from approaches which attribute success to personal characteristics in favour of approaches emphasizing the social context of resource acquisition and mobilization. This study develops and tests a new theoretical model concerning relations between vision, support and new venture performance based on Sooklal's (1991) grounded theory of visionary leadership. In doing so, it addresses theoretical and methodological weaknesses associated with past efforts. Four stages of data collection were required to execute the study. Phases One and Two were used to develop the instrumentation for measuring entrepreneurial vision. Phase Three was a small-scale pilot study. Phase Four, the main component of the study, was utilized to test the research hypotheses. This final phase entailed semi-structured interviews with a random sample of 50 Newfoundland firms incorporated in 1993. Employing Wold's method of Partial Least Squares analysis, five of the nine hypotheses concerning relations amongst seven theoretical constructs were statistically significant. In general, there was strong support for the contribution of both vision and support in the theoretical model. Higher performance were found to be positively influenced by both vision reach (i. e. the "ambitiousness" of the vision) and the strength of received support. Increased support strength was associated with greater vision reach and greater diversity of value-based (i. e. without expectation of reciprocal benefit) and convenience-based (i. e. relationships based on economic exchange) supporters. Contrary to expectations, visions that focused on either internal or external dimensions were associated with greater insider and outsider supporter diversity. The relative importance of predictor constructs in the model was substantially different for urban versus rural firms. Overall, the model was found to possess useful predictive power. The results of the study indicate that vision and supporter diversity play an important role in the strength of support received by start-up entrepreneurs and that both entrepreneurial vision and the strength of received support contribute to new venture performance. In developing the measurement model for the research, many of the indicators for the theoretical constructs were either adapted from other disciplines or newly developed in the absence of pre-existing measures of vision and to overcome weaknesses associated with past "network" studies of support. This measurement model was found to possess satisfactory validity and provides a substantial base upon which further advancements can be made. Practitioners stand to benefit from the predictive power of the model and the insights the model provides concerning performance-enhancing start-up activities beyond the business plan.

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Lambert, Luc. "La mise en marché de la formation dans l'entreprise privée : une mission à définir /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1993. http://theses.uqac.ca.

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Bonder, Linda Eve. "Identity Construction and Language Use by Immigrant Women in a Microenterprise Development Program." Thesis, Portland State University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10141260.

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Researchers have explored immigrant identity in various contexts, but few studies have examined identity in low-income immigrant women entrepreneurs. To address this research gap, I conducted in-depth interviews with eight low-income Latino immigrants who were starting their own businesses and receiving support through a local microenterprise development program (MDP). The study explored how participants’ microenterprise efforts affected their identities and their investments in learning English.

The research found that entrepreneurship promoted positive identity construction by providing opportunities for participants to develop personal and cultural pride, strengthened parental roles, and interdependence with the community. These benefits helped participants decrease family stress and increase optimism for the future, regardless of the microenterprises’ financial success. Participants reported that their families were healthier and their children were doing better in school, suggesting a broad impact beyond the business owner. This finding indicates that MDPs and other social service programs should have explicit goals related to increasing participants’ symbolic resources. In the language-learning realm, this study introduced the construct "relationship with English," extending Norton’s (2000) notion of investment in language learning. The relationship construct encompasses the situated nature of immigrants’ English use, investment in learning, and feelings about using English. The businesses helped most participants improve their relationship with English by providing motivation and informal learning opportunities. The non-English speaking participants improved their relationship with English by finding ways to use English even without working on their ability to speak. This finding suggests that social service agencies, ESL programs, and employers should broaden their view of immigrants’ capabilities to use English and to invest creatively in their own learning. Another significant finding was that participants demonstrated signs of internalized racism, which can make it hard for immigrants to see their own strengths. New research could help MDPs and other social service providers address internalized racism and decrease its negative impact on identity construction. Looking ahead, long-term studies of MDP participants could help optimize program design, extend learnings to other types of programs, and help providers, policymakers, and funders allocate resources for maximum effect.

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Akah, Ndang William. "The entrepreneurial orientation and performance of African immigrant-owned small businesses in the Eastern Cape." Thesis, Nelson Mandela University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/13868.

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Given the rapid inflow of African immigrant entrepreneurs into South Africa, as well as the lack of understanding and research attention given to African immigrant entrepreneurial orientation, the failure rate of their businesses in South Africa is very high. The purpose of this study is to contribute to more effective and robust African immigrant entrepreneurship in South Africa by investigating the impact of African immigrant entrepreneurial orientation on business performance. With this purpose in mind, the primary objective of this study is to establish the level of entrepreneurial orientation of African immigrant-owned small businesses in the Eastern Cape Province, and to determine the influence of this orientation on business performance. This study sets out to pull together previous findings and theories on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation, and business performance, to find support for the theories on the determinants of entrepreneurial orientation in the literature, and to combine these findings into a simple model. An overview of small businesses was first conducted, in which the nature of small businesses and African immigrant-owned small businesses was taken into consideration, as well as the role small businesses play within the economy and the different challenges small businesses face. The dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation were discussed. These included Innovativeness, Pro-activeness, Risk-taking, Competitive aggressiveness, and Autonomy. Business performance was discussed and was measured in terms of financial and non-financial measures. The resource based view was also discussed and human, social, and financial capitals were taken into consideration. A proposed theoretical framework was established to show the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and business performance of African immigrant-owned small businesses and this was later tested by developing a hypothesis. A structured questionnaire was developed and data was collected through these self-administered questionnaires. They were made available to the respondents by a means of the snowball technique and data was collected from 218 respondents. Each construct was defined and operationalised. This was done by using themes from previous studies, as well as self developed themes. Cronbach‟s alpha coefficients were used to confirm reliability and validity of the measuring instruments. Completed questionnaires were subject to different statistical tests. A descriptive analysis was carried out, as well as an exploratory factor analysis, multiple regression and an analysis of variance. The findings of this study showed that Innovativeness has a negative relationship to Business performance whilst Competitive aggressiveness, Proactiveness, Risk-taking, and Autonomy have a significant positive relationship to Business performance. Furthermore, the findings established that Financial capital has a significant relationship to Competitive aggressiveness, Innovativeness, and Proactiveness, whilst there is no relationship to Risk-taking and Autonomy. In addition, it was established that there is a significant relationship between Human capital and Competitive aggressiveness, Proactiveness, and Autonomy, whilst there is no relationship to Innovativeness and Risk-taking. Moreover, the study also showed that a relationship exists between some selected demographic variables of the African immigrant-owned small business and entrepreneurial orientation, as measured by Innovativeness (H1a), Pro-activeness (H1b), Risk-taking (H1c), Competitive aggressiveness (H1d) and Autonomy (H1e). An exception was the demographic variable, the Level of education, which was not found to be as stipulated in the hypothesis. In the context of this study, it was found that 62% of change in African immigrant-owned small business performance is affected by entrepreneurial orientation while other factors accounted for the remaining 38%. Management should revisit its entrepreneurial orientation capabilities and determine whether these are delivering values. This will require a review of policies and procedures in addition to benchmarking these activities to identify whether the business is committing an unwarranted and misplaced amount of resources to a given entrepreneurial orientation activity. Blind pursuit of the uniform implementation of an entrepreneurial dimension is not an effective way for African immigrant-owned small businesses to create an advantage.

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Books on the topic "Immigrant business enterprises – Canada"

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Friulians in Canada. Udine: Forum, 2014.

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Canada, Canada Citizenship and Immigration. The Immigrant Investor Program : compliance strategy : questions and answers for practitioners =: Programme d'immigration des investisseurs : stratégie de contrôle : questions et réponses à l'intention des intervenants. Hull, Qué: Citizenship and Immigration Canada = Citoyenneté et immigration Canada, 1993.

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D, Knowles Christian, ed. Immigrant entrepreneurship in the U.S. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.

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Immigrant enterprise in Europe and the USA. New York, NY: Routledge, 2006.

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Gendered processes: Korean immigrant small business ownership. New York: LFB Scholarly Pub., 2006.

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Strahan, K. W. Immigrant access to small business support services. Wollongong, N.S.W: Published for the Office of Multicultural Affairs, Dept. of the Prime Minister and Cabinet by the Centre for Multicultural Studies, University of Wollongong, 1991.

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Canada, Aboriginal Business. Aboriginal Business Canada. Ottawa, Ont: Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, 2007.

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Canadian business and society. [Place of publication not identified]: Kendall Hunt, 2013.

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Rusinović, Katja. Dynamic entrepreneurship: First and second-generation immigrant entrepreneurs in Dutch cities. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2006.

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Nash, Alan. The economic impact of the entrepreneur immigrant program. Ottawa: Institute for Research on Public Policy, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Immigrant business enterprises – Canada"

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Carpentier, Cécile, Jean-François L’Her, and Jean-Marc Suret. "The Cost of Capital for Knowledge-Based Enterprises in Canada." In Doing Business in the Knowledge-Based Economy, 239–72. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1587-6_8.

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DAVIS, C. "The value of Internet technologies and e-business solutions to micro-enterprises in Atlantic Canada." In E-Commerce and V-Business, 125–56. Elsevier, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-7506-6493-6.50009-5.

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"The value of Internet technologies and e-business solutions to micro-enterprises in Atlantic Canada." In E-Commerce and V-Business, 147–78. Routledge, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780080549781-14.

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Tshishonga, Ndwakhulu Stephen. "Towards Enhancing Migrant Social Entrepreneurship Through Social Capital in Durban, South Africa." In Advances in Business Strategy and Competitive Advantage, 71–95. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7724-0.ch004.

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This chapter interrogates the notion of social capital and its potential impact on enhancing or undermining the socio-economic efforts by migrants in Durban, South Africa. Tshishonga argues that it is through entrepreneurship that entrepreneurs transform their innovative and creative ideas into business enterprises and job creation. This chapter is concerned about migrant social entrepreneurial endeavours as a source of livelihoods within the informal economic sector. Informal businesses initiated by migrants have proven to be successful and sustainable compared to that of the locals. Despite the challenges faced by migrant entrepreneurs such as financial deficit, xenophobia, anti-foreign policies, victimisation, violence, and harassment, absence of police protection, etc., these enterprises thrive. This chapter employs a case study method where 15 African immigrant entrepreneurs were targeted to determine how social capital is used to expand and sustain their businesses.

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Jutla, Dawn N. "Building Infrastructure for SME Adoption of E-Business." In e-Business, e-Government & Small and Medium-Size Enterprises, 19–45. IGI Global, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-202-2.ch002.

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Challenged to increase the country’s productivity, the Canadian government issued a 10-year innovation strategy agenda in January 2001. Canada’s innovation strategy identifies goals, targets, and government priorities in four key areas: knowledge performance, skills, innovation environment, and community clusters. Complementing the government’s agenda, Porter (2002) similarly recommends that businesses in Canada: “(1) collaborate with competitors/government to create specialized infrastructure and education, (2) invest in cluster development, (3) serve sophisticated and global markets with demanding customers, and create unique products/services, and (4) encourage local suppliers to meet global standards.” The Canadian government has explicitly stated that e-business is part of its innovation strategy (Innovation, 2001). Here we describe a model to guide governments in building infrastructure for a knowledge-based economy. Using specific Canadian initiatives, we will make an empirical case to illustrate the model that countries around the world can use to facilitate SME e-business adoption.

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Acosta, Yonni Angel Cuero, Isabel Torres Zapata, and Utz Dornberger. "Technology-Intensive Suppliers as a Key Element for Structural Change in Latin America." In International Business, 2332–43. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9814-7.ch106.

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The current increase of commodity prices prompts the question regarding the extent to which the growth of primary industries is used as a basis of industrial development. Empirical evidence suggests the development of Technology-Intensive Suppliers (TIS) has played an important role in the industrialization process of the Nordic countries, Canada, and Australia. The development of local TIS may contribute to both reinforcing the industrial base and supporting structural change in developing countries. Therefore, it may provide a way to advance from natural resource dependence towards knowledge-based industrial activities. The TIS products are created under tailor-made concepts, giving solutions to their customers. TIS use knowledge and customer information to create innovation. These firms enhance value chains improving customer's competitive advantages (Dornberger & Torres, 2006). The relationship between the primary sector and its suppliers of technology can be seen as a backward linkage. Sectors with linkages of this kind use inputs from other industries (Hirschman, 1958). Hence, a fundamental goal of research in the context of developing countries is to understand the development of TIS and analysis of their improvement as a result of entrepreneurship intervention. This chapter covers the relevance of TIS firms in developing countries. TIS companies are frequently labeled as Micro-, Small-, and Medium-Sized Enterprises (MSMEs). In conclusion, the findings highlight the need to pay more attention to TIS organizations in developing economies. In Latin America, TIS firms contribute to the employment and diversification of the economic structure of the region through value-added products and services.

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Beechy, Thomas H. "The effects of transition to IFRS by Canadian Government Business Enterprises: A case study of Canada Post." In Entrepreneurship in the public sector, 190–203. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845248332-190.

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Lin, Jan. "The Stages of Neighborhood Transition." In Taking Back the Boulevard, 56–91. NYU Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479809806.003.0003.

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This chapter outlines the “stage model of gentrification” and neighborhood transition in Northeast LA through historical periods of emergence of the streetcar suburbs, then decline with the rise of outer freeway suburbs and white flight followed by residential succession by incoming Latin American and Asian immigrants. The presence of a revitalization stage involving immigrant pioneers and homesteaders, followed by speculator investors and more affluent gentrifiers is outlined. There follows analysis of U.S. Census of Population and Housing data on racial/ethnic transition and the recomposition of the household structure. Business data are presented that explores the sectoral profile of enterprises and identify growth trends.

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Bauder, Harald. "Rules to Work By." In Labor Movement. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195180879.003.0010.

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“Culture shock” is a common phenomenon among visitors to another country, and even the most seasoned traveler can be stymied by local behavioral norms, cultural conventions, and values. Tourists often revel in the sensation of being surrounded by the exotic and unknown. Other visitors, such as foreign exchange students, face a greater challenge as they attempt to forge relationships with native classmates and host families while learning a new language. Immigrants also face a challenge of cultural adaptation when they arrive in their new country, but they have much more at stake than the casual tourist or exchange student. Although the shock experience fades in most cases, immigrants often continue to experience difficulties reconciling the dominating cultural norms and conventions of their new home with their own norms and values. That is, the habitus of the newcomer does not match local norms and expectations. The rules of the game are defined locally, and the stranger who is unfamiliar with the rules will be unable to play effectively or will be excluded from the game altogether. Labor markets and business networks also operate according to a set of rules. For immigrants, being unfamiliar with these rules can have profound effects. For example, many Chinese business-class immigrants who came to Canada as entrepreneurs quickly discovered that the business world operates differently in Vancouver than in Hong Kong or Taipei. Many of their businesses folded and their investments flopped because they were unprepared for stringent regulations, strange business practices, and peculiar consumer behavior (Ley 1999, 2003). Consequently, a large number of Chinese immigrant entrepreneurs reoriented their investments back to China, where they knew how to run a business profitably. The return of Chinese entrepreneurs to East Asia is one of the reasons the astronaut family is a common phenomenon in Vancouver. Business regulations and conventions rendered Canada an unattractive place for investment by many Chinese immigrant entrepreneurs. In the labor market, conventions and norms are equally important. Many immigrants are unfamiliar with the norms and conventions of the hiring process in Canada, are unable to judge employers’ expectations, and are unaware of the codes of conduct in the Canadian workplace.

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Okasha, Ahmad A. "Entrepreneurship in the United Arab Emirates." In Entrepreneurial Innovation and Economic Development in Dubai and Comparisons to Its Sister Cities, 158–82. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9377-5.ch008.

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The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has developed a young, vibrant, and innovative economy. The UAE is ranked 11th in the ease of doing business globally according to the 2018 world bank report on the ease of doing business. The UAE is ranked the first in the Arab World in terms of ease of doing business. The UAE has achieved this amazing ranking and is approaching the top 10 global economies in terms of ease of doing business. According to Arab Youth Survey, the UAE was selected as the top country Arab youth wish to live in. The UAE became even more attractive than the USA for Arab youth. The survey explores where young aspiring individuals in the Arab countries would like to live and work. Historically, many young individuals in the Arab region, excluding gulf countries, fancy immigrating and working in the US, Canada, Europe, or Australia. They were aspiring for a better live and better economic conditions. In the recent survey, Dubai and the UAE topped the traditional immigrant attractive countries.

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Reports on the topic "Immigrant business enterprises – Canada"

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Timko, Joleen A., Stefania Pizzirani, Robert A. Kozak, and Gary Bull. Exploring First Nation-held Forest Tenures and Community Forest Enterprises in British Columbia. Rights and Resources initiative, December 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.53892/igap7817.

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The purpose of this report is to situate existing knowledge on First Nation-held forestry tenures and community forest enterprises (CFEs) in British Columbia, Canada within a broader discussion about Indigenous and non-Indigenous community forests in Canada. This report provides 1) A brief characterization of Indigenous forestry partnerships across Canada; 2) A description of the two most common First Nation-held forest tenures within British Columbia: the First Nations Woodland License and the community forest agreement; 3) An assessment of challenges and constraints facing First Nation-led CFEs in British Columbia; 4) An assessment of key enabling conditions in First Nation-led CFEs in British Columbia; and 5) Recommendations to enable Indigenous communities, policymakers, the private sector, and supporting institutions to strengthen the business proposition of Indigenous-led CFEs in British Columbia and elsewhere in Canada.

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