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Journal articles on the topic 'Imidazoliums'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Hu, Jie, and Yuan Suo Zheng. "An High-Efficient Method for Synthesizing N,N'-Dialkyl-Imidazolium Salts." Applied Mechanics and Materials 522-524 (February 2014): 357–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.522-524.357.

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Ionic liquids (ILs) have come to the fore as environmentally solvent that is liquid at room temperature. Among all ILs, those based on imidazolium salts are interested because of wildly usage. In synthesizing the N,N-dialkyl-imidazolium, conventionally, the complex steps are used. In this work, however, it is shown experimentally that the salt also can be effectively synthesized by alkylating imidazole with halogenated hydrocarbon. In this way, different chains N,N-dialkyl-imidazoliums can be prepared, and the isolated yield higher than 85%. Compared with traditional operating procedures, the new method gives higher productivity, less operating steps and lower waste.

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2

Li, Bing Zhen, Yi He Li, Zhe Zhang, Hua Xiao, Zhen Hua Jiang, Gong Yi Li, and Kwang Duk Ahn. "Synthesis and Properties of Imidazolium Derivatived Biocidals." Advanced Materials Research 807-809 (September 2013): 418–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.807-809.418.

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A promising series of biocidals based on imidazolium derivates were synthesized to develop new antiseptics and disinfectants. Biocidal Imidazoliums with hydrophobic alkyl substituents and hydrophilic substituents were prepared, and its antimicrobial activity (AM) was determined by Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs). It was found that the MIC value of the as-synthesized imidazole derivatives increase as the number of alkyl carbons increases up to 12 carbons,and its AM efficiency is relatively high.

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3

Balasubramanian, Ramjee, Wei Wang, and Royce W. Murray. "Redox Ionic Liquid Phases: Ferrocenated Imidazoliums." Journal of the American Chemical Society 128, no. 31 (August 2006): 9994–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja0625327.

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4

Danopoulos, Andreas A., and Pierre Braunstein. "‘Janus-type’ organopotassium chemistry observed in deprotonation of mesoionic imidazolium aminides and amino N-heterocyclic carbenes: coordination and organometallic polymers." Chem. Commun. 50, no. 23 (2014): 3055–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3cc49517e.

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Deprotonation of the observable tautomeric equilibrium mixture of mesoionic 4-aminide imidazoliums and the corresponding 4-amino NHCs allows isolation of a monomeric potassium (imidazol-2-ylidenyl)(anilide), a ‘free’ anionic carbene, or polymeric organometallics with ‘Janus-type’ anionic NHC repeat units.

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5

Danopoulos, Andreas A., Pierre Braunstein, Elixabete Rezabal, and Gilles Frison. "Unprecedented directed lateral lithiations of tertiary carbons on NHC platforms." Chemical Communications 51, no. 15 (2015): 3049–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc08434a.

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Deprotonation of the tautomeric mixture of 4-amido-imidazoliums and 4-amino-N-heterocyclic carbenes led to dilithiated dianionic functional NHCs, via an unprecedented regioselective, directed remote lateral lithiation of a tertiary CHMe₂ carbon. DFT calculations support that the nature of products is under thermodynamic control.

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6

Ran, Bin, Zhe Zhang, Lihua Yin, Tianjiao Hu, Zhenhua Jiang, Qinghua Wang, and Yihe Li. "A facile antibacterial coating based on UV-curable acrylated imidazoliums." Journal of Coatings Technology and Research 15, no. 2 (October 25, 2017): 345–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11998-017-9990-x.

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7

Xu, Yuan, Kaixi Zhang, Sheethal Reghu, Yichao Lin, Mary B. Chan-Park, and Xue-Wei Liu. "Synthesis of Antibacterial Glycosylated Polycaprolactones Bearing Imidazoliums with Reduced Hemolytic Activity." Biomacromolecules 20, no. 2 (January 10, 2019): 949–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01577.

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8

Su, Xiaoyu, Kui Luo, Qingxiang Xiang, Jingbo Lan, and Rugang Xie. "Enantioselective recognitions of chiral molecular tweezers containing imidazoliums for amino acids." Chirality 21, no. 5 (May 2009): 539–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chir.20635.

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9

Camerel, F., F. Kinloch, O. Jeannin, M. Robin, S. K. Nayak, E. Jacques, K. A. Brylev, N. G. Naumov, and Y. Molard. "Ionic columnar clustomesogens: associations between anionic hexanuclear rhenium clusters and liquid crystalline triphenylene tethered imidazoliums." Dalton Transactions 47, no. 32 (2018): 10884–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8dt02201a.

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10

Yuan, Yi, Zong-Lin Jiang, Ge Gao, Guo-Lin Zhang, Jing-Song You, and Ru-Gang Xie. "New Host Molecules with Imidazoliums as Functional Arms: Syntheses and Anion Recognition." Chinese Journal of Chemistry 20, no. 5 (August 26, 2010): 447–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cjoc.20020200508.

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11

Scheiner, Steve. "Halogen Bonds Formed between Substituted Imidazoliums and N Bases of Varying N-Hybridization." Molecules 22, no. 10 (September 29, 2017): 1634. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules22101634.

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12

Bass, Heather M., S. Alan Cramer, Julia L. Price, and David M. Jenkins. "18-Atom-Ringed Macrocyclic Tetra-imidazoliums for Preparation of Monomeric Tetra-carbene Complexes." Organometallics 29, no. 15 (August 9, 2010): 3235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/om100625g.

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13

Beutner, Gregory L., Ian S. Young, Merrill L. Davies, Matthew R. Hickey, Hyunsoo Park, Jason M. Stevens, and Qingmei Ye. "TCFH–NMI: Direct Access to N-Acyl Imidazoliums for Challenging Amide Bond Formations." Organic Letters 20, no. 14 (June 29, 2018): 4218–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01591.

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14

Huang, Ling-Xi, Hai-Ying Bai, Hui Tao, Gengjinsheng Cheng, and Qian-Yong Cao. "Cleft-type imidazoliums for sensing of sulfate and polyphosphate anions with AIE emission." Dyes and Pigments 181 (October 2020): 108553. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2020.108553.

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15

Wang, Dan, Hongliang Li, Jinling Chai, Qiushi Liao, and Hao Sun. "Phase behavior and solubilization of microemulsion systems containing Gemini imidazoliums and their monomeric analogues." Colloid and Polymer Science 291, no. 10 (June 6, 2013): 2429–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00396-013-2975-0.

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16

Scheiner, Steve. "Comparison of halide receptors based on H, halogen, chalcogen, pnicogen, and tetrel bonds." Faraday Discussions 203 (2017): 213–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7fd00043j.

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A series of halide receptors are constructed and the geometries and energetics of their binding to F⁻, Cl⁻, and Br⁻assessed by quantum calculations. The dicationic receptors are based on a pair of imidazolium units, connectedviaa benzene spacer. The imidazoliums each donate a proton to a halide in a pair of H-bonds. Replacement of the two bonding protons by Br leads to bindingviaa pair of halogen bonds. Likewise, chalcogen, pnicogen, and tetrel bonds occur when the protons are replaced, respectively, by Se, As, and Ge. Regardless of the binding group considered, F⁻is bound much more strongly than are Cl⁻and Br⁻. With respect to the latter two halides, the binding energy is not very sensitive to the nature of the binding atom, whether H or some other atom. But there is a great deal of differentiation with respect to F⁻, where the order varies as tetrel > H ∼ pnicogen > halogen > chalcogen. The replacement of the various binding atoms by their analogues in the next row of the periodic table enhances the fluoride binding energy by 22–56%. The strongest fluoride binding agents utilize the tetrel bonds of the Sn atom, whereas it is I-halogen bonds that are preferred for Cl⁻and Br⁻. After incorporation of thermal and entropic effects, the halogen, chalcogen, and pnicogen bonding receptors do not represent much of an improvement over H-bonds with regard to this selectivity for F⁻, even I which binds quite strongly. In stark contrast, the tetrel-bonding derivatives, both Ge and Sn, show by far the greatest selectivity for F⁻over the other halides, as much as 10¹³, an enhancement of six orders of magnitude when compared to the H-bonding receptor.

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17

Beillard, Audrey, Ethan Golliard, Valentin Gillet, Xavier Bantreil, Thomas-Xavier Métro, Jean Martinez, and Frédéric Lamaty. "Expedient Mechanosynthesis ofN,N-Dialkyl Imidazoliums and Silver(I)-Carbene Complexes in a Ball-Mill." Chemistry - A European Journal 21, no. 49 (October 22, 2015): 17614–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201503472.

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18

Chai, Jinling, Hengming Zhang, Ning Liu, Ningning Liu, Haihui Chai, and Zhongchun Liu. "Comparison Between Phase Behavior of Gemini Imidazoliums and Monomeric Ionic Liquid Surfactants in W/O Microemulsion Systems." Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology 36, no. 1 (September 25, 2014): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01932691.2014.890108.

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19

Jun, Eun Jin, Hongguang Liu, Ji Young Choi, Jin Yong Lee, and Juyoung Yoon. "New fluorescent receptor composed of two imidazoliums, two pyrenes and a boronic acid for the recognition of DOPAC." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 176 (January 2013): 611–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2012.10.066.

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20

He, Zhan, Kun Huang, Fang Xiong, Shu-Fang Zhang, Jun-Ru Xue, Yue Liang, Lin-Hai Jing, and Da-Bin Qin. "Self-assembly of imidazoliums salts based on acridine with silver oxide as coordination polymers: Synthesis, fluorescence and antibacterial activity." Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 797 (November 2015): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jorganchem.2015.07.030.

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21

Ryan, Sarah J., Lisa Candish, and David W. Lupton. "N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Generation of α,β-Unsaturated Acyl Imidazoliums: Synthesis of Dihydropyranones by their Reaction with Enolates." Journal of the American Chemical Society 131, no. 40 (October 14, 2009): 14176–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja905501z.

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22

Sheng, Weibing, Xixing Zhou, Lexuan Wu, Yinghua Shen, Yingda Huang, Lei Liu, Sheng Dai, and Nanwen Li. "Quaternized poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) anion exchange membranes with pendant sterically-protected imidazoliums for alkaline fuel cells." Journal of Membrane Science 601 (March 2020): 117881. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2020.117881.

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23

Chai, Jinling, Jingwei Song, Dan Wang, Haihui Chai, Tingting Bai, and Ning Liu. "Comparison of the Composition and Structural Parameters of W/O Microemulsions Containing Gemini Imidazoliums with Those Containing Monomeric Analogues." Journal of Surfactants and Detergents 18, no. 2 (January 11, 2015): 287–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11743-014-1648-4.

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24

Tong, Shuo, Qian Wang, Mei-Xiang Wang, and Jieping Zhu. "Tuning the Reactivity of Isocyano Group: Synthesis of Imidazoles and Imidazoliums from Propargylamines and Isonitriles in the Presence of Multiple Catalysts." Angewandte Chemie 127, no. 4 (November 27, 2014): 1309–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201410113.

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25

Tong, Shuo, Qian Wang, Mei-Xiang Wang, and Jieping Zhu. "Tuning the Reactivity of Isocyano Group: Synthesis of Imidazoles and Imidazoliums from Propargylamines and Isonitriles in the Presence of Multiple Catalysts." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 54, no. 4 (November 27, 2014): 1293–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201410113.

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26

Tong, Shuo, Qian Wang, Mei-Xiang Wang, and Jieping Zhu. "ChemInform Abstract: Tuning the Reactivity of Isocyano Group: Synthesis of Imidazoles and Imidazoliums from Propargylamines and Isonitriles in the Presence of Multiple Catalysts." ChemInform 46, no. 24 (May 27, 2015): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201524140.

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27

Zwara, Julia, Anna Pancielejko, Marta Paszkiewicz-Gawron, Justyna Łuczak, Magdalena Miodyńska, Wojciech Lisowski, Adriana Zaleska-Medynska, and Ewelina Grabowska-Musiał. "Fabrication of ILs-Assisted AgTaO3 Nanoparticles for the Water Splitting Reaction: The Effect of ILs on Morphology and Photoactivity." Materials 13, no. 18 (September 12, 2020): 4055. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13184055.

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The design of an active, stable and efficient photocatalyst that is able to be used for hydrogen production is of great interest nowadays. Therefore, four methods of AgTaO3 perovskite synthesis, such as hydrothermal, solvothermal, sol-gel and solid state reactions, were proposed in this study to identify the one with the highest hydrogen generation efficiency by the water splitting reaction. The comprehensive results clearly show that the solid state reaction (SSR) led to the obtainment of a sample with an almost seven times higher photocatalytic activity than the other methods. Furthermore, four ionic liquids, all possessing nitrogen in the form of organic cations (two imidazoliums with different anions, ammonium and tetrazolium), were used for the first time to prepare composites consisting of AgTaO3 modified with IL and Pt, simultaneously. The effect of the ionic liquids (ILs) and Pt nanoparticles’ presence on the structure, morphology, optical properties, elemental composition and the effectiveness of the hydrogen generation was investigated and discussed. The morphology investigation revealed that the AgTaO3 photocatalysts with the application of [OMIM]-cation based ILs created smaller granules (<500 nm), whereas [TBA] [Cl] and [TPTZ] [Cl] ILs caused the formation of larger particles (up to 2 μm). We found that various ILs used for the synthesis did not improve the photocatalytic activity of the obtained samples in comparison with pristine AgTaO3. It was detected that the compound with the highest ability for hydrogen generation under UV-Vis irradiation was the AgTaO3_0.2% Pt (248.5 μmol∙g−1), having an almost 13 times higher efficiency in comparison with the non-modified pristine sample. It is evidenced that the enhanced photocatalytic activity of modified composites originated mainly from the presence of the platinum particles. The mechanism of photocatalytic H2 production under UV-Vis light irradiation in the presence of an AgTaO3_IL_Pt composite in the water splitting reaction was also proposed.

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28

Jang, J. G., J. O. Lee, and C. K. Lee. "Rapid Synthesis of Gold Nano-Particles Using Pulse Waved Potential in a Non-Aqueous Electrolyte." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 62, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 1389–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2017-0214.

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AbstractRapid synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) by pulsed electrodeposition was investigated in the non-aqueous electrolyte, 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazoliumbis(trifluoro-methanesulfonyl)imide ([EMIM]TFSI) with gold trichloride (AuCl3). To aid the dissolution of AuCl3, 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride ([EMIM]Cl) was used as a supporting electrolyte in [EMIM]TFSI. Cyclic voltammetry experiments revealed a cathodic reaction corresponding to the reduction of gold at −0.4 V vs. Pt-QRE. To confirm the electrodeposition process, potentiostatic electrodeposition of gold in the non-aqueous electrolyte was conducted at −0.4 V for 1 h at room temperature. To synthesize AuNPs, pulsed electrodeposition was conducted with controlled duty factor, pulse duration, and overpotential. The composition, particle-size distribution, and morphology of the AuNPs were confirmed by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The electrodeposited AuNPs were uniformly distributed on the platinum electrode surface without any impurities arising from the non-aqueous electrolyte. The size distribution of AuNPs could be also controlled by the electrodeposition conditions.

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29

Bartz, Susan, Bettina Blumenröder, Anika Kern, Julia Fleckenstein, Sabine Frohnapfel, Jürgen Schatz, and Alexander Wagner. "Hydroxy-1H-imidazole-3-oxides – Synthesis, Kinetic Acidity, and Application in Catalysis and Supramolecular Anion Recognition." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 64, no. 6 (June 1, 2009): 629–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2009-0607.

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Using ab initio calculations (B3LYP 6-31G*) the geometries of diethyl, dimethoxy and dimethylamino imidazolium salts were studied as representative models of imidazolium salts bearing heteroatoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atoms of the imidazolium core units. In all cases the syn and anti arrangement of the substituents could be identified. In addition to the theoretical studies, eleven dialkoxy imidazolium salts were prepared by alkylation of six 1-hydroxy-imidazole-3-oxides using dimethyl or diethyl sulfate as strong alkylating reagents. The kinetic acidities of these compounds were studied by measuring the pseudo-first order reaction rates of the H/D exchange process of the C2-H proton of compounds 3 - 9. The observed kinetic acidities are much higher than reaction rates observed for simple imidazolium salts; half-lifes of the H/D exchange are usually in the range of minutes. Similar to dialkyl/aryl imidazolium salts, all prepared dialkoxy imidazolium salts could be used as precatalysts in standard aqueous Suzuki coupling reactions. In addition, two representative dialkoxy imidazolium salts could be used in supramolecular anion recognition, as demonstrated by binding studies towards iodide as guest.

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30

Pablos, Jesus L., Nuria García, Leoncio Garrido, Fernando Catalina, Teresa Corrales, and Pilar Tiemblo. "Polycationic scaffolds for Li-ion anion exchange transport in ion gel polyelectrolytes." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, no. 24 (2018): 11215–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta03134g.

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Ion Gel Electrolytes (IGPs) have been prepared with polycationic imidazolium or pyrrolidinium scaffolds and LiTFSI solutions in imidazolium and pyrrolidinium ionic liquids. IGPs with imidazolium groups show very large Li ion diffusivities suggesting an important contribution of anion exchange Li transport.

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31

Monti, Gustavo A., Gabriela A. Fernández, N. Mariano Correa, R. Darío Falcone, Fernando Moyano, and Gustavo F. Silbestri. "Gold nanoparticles stabilized with sulphonated imidazolium salts in water and reverse micelles." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 7 (July 2017): 170481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170481.

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Herein we describe the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) in presence of sulphonated imidazolium salts [1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropyl-4-sodiumsulfonatophenyl)imidazolium ( L1 ), 1-mesityl-3-(3-sulfonatopropyl)imidazolium ( L2 ) and 1-(3-sulfonatopropyl)imidazolium ( L3 )] in water and in a confinement environment created by reverse micelles (RMs). The Au-NPs were characterized—with an excellent agreement between different techniques—by UV-vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential. In homogeneous media, the Au-NPs interact with the imidazolium ring and the sulphonate groups were directed away from the NPs' surface. This fact is responsible for the Au-NPs' stability—over three months—in water. Based on the obtained zeta potential values we assume the degree of coverage of the Au-NPs by the imidazolium salts. In n -heptane/sodium 1,4-bis (2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT)/water RMs, the Au-NPs formed in presence of sulphonated imidazolium salts present different patterns depending on the ligand used as stabilizer. Interestingly, the Au-NPs are more stable in time when the salts are present in AOT RMs (three weeks) in comparison with the same RMs system but in absence of ligands (less than an hour). Clearly, the sulphonated imidazolium salts are very effective Au-NPs stabilizers in a different medium and this generates a plus to be able to use them for multiple purposes.

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32

Zhang, Yehao, Xu Qiao, Wenli Zhao, Jiao Sun, Qin Tang, Yang Du, Hongbin Jia, and Qingmin Ji. "Highly Sensitive Gas-Sensing Films for Volatile Organic Acids from Imidazolium-Based Poly(ionic liquid)s." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 6 (June 1, 2020): 3588–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.17403.

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Imidazolium-based poly(ionic liquid)s were synthesized and used as sensing film for the adsorption of volatile organic compounds. Based on a quartz crystal microbalance system, the sensing properties of the imidazolium-based poly(ionic liquid)s on volatile organic compounds was assessed according to the position of imidazolium cation in the polymer chain (the main-chain or side-chain type) and the varied counterions. The results indicated that the imidazolium-based poly(ionic liquid)s films have much higher adsorption capability on volatile organic acids than other volatile organic compounds, which is due to the strong affinity between imidazolium group and the carboxyl group. The position of imidazolium cation in the polymer chain and counterions of the imidazolium-based poly(ionic liquid)s was found to be able to influence the selectivity and sensitivity of volatile organic acids. The main-chain imidazolium-based poly(ionic liquid)s were shown strengthen the adsorption of propionic acid vapor, while the counter ion of dicyanamide showed the highest selectivity on volatile organic acids. Based on the quartz crystal microbalance sensing system, the imidazoliumbased poly(ionic liquid)s film was shown capable of detecting volatile organic acids with a theoretical detection limit of about 3.1 ppb and a quick recovery time less than 40 seconds. The sensing performance is also stable for repeated usage and after long-time storage.

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33

Guo, Li Ying, Jun Shi, Jun Hai He, Ji Yue Huang, and Peng Cheng Huang. "Synthesis and Characterization of Supported on Silica Based Ionic Liquids." Applied Mechanics and Materials 727-728 (January 2015): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.727-728.34.

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Three kinds of functionalized imidazolium ionic liquid, 1-chloride (2-hydroxyethyl) -3-methyl imidazole ionic liquid [HeMIM]Cl, 1-bromide ethylamine-3-methyl imidazolium ionic liquid [AeMIM]Br and chlorinated 1-carboxyethyl-3-methyl imidazolium ionic liquid [CeMIM]Cl, were synthesized firstly. Subsequently, three kinds of supported silicon imidazolium ionic liquids were prepared from above ionic liquids with tetraethoxysilane by sol-gel method. The Chemical structure and crystal structure of the supported on silica based ionic liquids were analyzed by FTIR and XRD.

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34

Goossens, Karel, Lena Rakers, Tae Shin, Roman Honeker, Christopher Bielawski, and Frank Glorius. "Substituted Azolium Disposition: Examining the Effects of Alkyl Placement on Thermal Properties." Crystals 9, no. 1 (January 11, 2019): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9010034.

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We describe the thermal phase characteristics of a series of 4,5-bis(n-alkyl)azolium salts that were studied using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized-light optical microscopy (POM), and synchrotron-based small- to wide-angle X-ray scattering (SWAXS) measurements. Key results were obtained for 1,3-dimethyl-4,5-bis(n-undecyl)imidazolium iodide (1-11), 1,3-dimethyl-4,5-bis(n-pentadecyl)- imidazolium iodide (1-15), and 1,2,3-trimethyl-4,5-bis(n-pentadecyl)imidazolium iodide (2), which were found to adopt enantiotropic smectic A mesophases. Liquid-crystalline mesophases were not observed for 1,3-dimethyl-4,5-bis(n-heptyl)imidazolium iodide (1-7), 3-methyl-4,5-bis(n-penta-decyl)thiazolium iodide (3), and 2-amino-4,5-bis(n-pentadecyl)imidazolium chloride (4). Installing substituents in the 4- and 5-positions of the imidazolium salts appears to increase melting points while lowering clearing points when compared to data reported for 1,3-disubstituted analogues.

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35

Caporaletti, Francesca, Jenifer Rubio-Magnieto, Mamadou Lo, Jean-François Longevial, Clémence Rose, Sébastien Clément, Arie van der Lee, Mathieu Surin, and Sébastien Richeter. "Design of metalloporphyrins fused to imidazolium rings for binding DNA G-quadruplexes." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 24, no. 01n03 (January 2020): 340–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424619501128.

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Synthesis and characterization of nickel(II) meso-tetraarylporphyrins fused to imidazolium rings across [Formula: see text],[Formula: see text]-pyrrolic positions and X-ray structure of the porphyrin where two opposed pyrrole units are fused to an imidazolium ring are presented. The interactions between these mono-, bis-, tris- and tetrakis(imidazolium) porphyrins with human telomeric DNA G-quadruplexes (G4) were investigated using UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, Circular Dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) melting assay. Possible binding modes between cationic porphyrins and a selected G4 sequence (d[AG3(T2AG[Formula: see text]]), and relative stabilities of porphyrin/G4 complexes are discussed. Excepting porphyrins fused to one imidazolium ring, the other derivatives interact with G4 structures and their stabilization strongly depends on the porphyrin structure (number and localization of the imidazolium rings).

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36

Hahn, F. Ekkehardt, Beate Heidrich, Thomas Lügger, and Tania Pape. "Pd(II) Complexes of N-Allyl Substituted N-Heterocyclic Carbenes." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 59, no. 11-12 (December 1, 2004): 1519–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2004-11-1223.

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The unsymmetrically substituted imidazolium salt 1-ethyl-3-allyl-imidazolium bromide 1 was synthesized by treatment of imidazole with one equivalent each of n-butyl lithium and ethyl bromide followed by treatment with one equivalent of allyl bromide. The symmetrically substituted derivatives 1,3-diallyl-imidazolium bromide 2 and 1,3-bis(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-imidazolium bromide 3 were obtained from imidazole and two equivalents of allyl bromide or 4-bromo-2-methyl-2-butenyl bromide, respectively, in the presence of sodium hydrogencarbonate as a base. The imidazolium bromides 1- 3 react with Pd(OAc)2 to afford the palladium(II) dicarbene complexes trans-[PdBr2(L)2] (L = 1- ethyl-3-allyl-imidazolin-2-ylidene, 4; L = 1,3-diallyl-imidazolin-2-ylidene, 5; L = 1,3-di(3-methyl-2- butenyl)imidazolin-2-ylidene, 6) by in situ deprotonation of the imidazolium salts. The X-ray structure analyses of 4- 6 show all three complexes to be mononuclear with palladium(II) coordinated in a square-planar fashion by two carbene and two bromo ligands.

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37

Pellei, Maura, Riccardo Vallesi, Luca Bagnarelli, H. V. Rasika Dias, and Carlo Santini. "Syntheses and Reactivity of New Zwitterionic Imidazolium Trihydridoborate and Triphenylborate Species." Molecules 25, no. 14 (July 13, 2020): 3184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25143184.

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In this study, four new N-(alkyl/aryl)imidazolium-borates were prepared, and their deprotonation reactions were investigated. Addition of BH3•THF to N-benzylimidazoles and N-mesitylimidazoles leads to imidazolium-trihydridoborate adducts. Ammonium tetraphenylborate reacts with benzyl- or mesityl-imidazoles with the loss of one of the phenyl groups yielding the corresponding imidazolium-triphenylborates. Their authenticity was confirmed by CHN analysis, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 11B-NMR, FT-IR spectroscopy, and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). 3-Benzyl-imidazolium-1-yl)trihydridoborate, (HImBn)BH3, and (3-mesityl-imidazolium-1-yl)trihydridoborate, (HImMes)BH3, were also characterized by X-ray crystallography. The reactivity of these new compounds as carbene precursors in an effort to obtain borate-NHC complexes was investigated and a new carbene-borate adduct (which dimerizes) was obtained via a microwave-assisted procedure.

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38

Georgiou, Maria, Simone Wöckel, Vera Konstanzer, Sebastian Dechert, Michael John, and Franc Meyer. "Structural Variations in Tetrasilver(I) Complexes of Pyrazolate-bridged Compartmental N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 64, no. 11-12 (December 1, 2009): 1542—s1554. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2009-11-1238.

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A set of pyrazole-bridged bis(imidazolium) compounds [H3L1]X2 - [H3 L4]X2 (L1 = 3,5-bis[1-(tert-butyl)imidazolium-1-ylmethyl]-1H-pyrazole; L2 = 3,5-bis[1-(tert-butyl)imidazolium- 1-ylmethyl]-4-phenyl-1H-pyrazole; L3 = 3,5-bis[1-(1-adamantyl)imidazolium-1-ylmethyl]-1Hpyrazole; L4 = 3,5-bis[1-(1-adamantyl)imidazolium-1-ylmethyl]-4-phenyl-1H-pyrazole; X = Cl−, BF4 − or PF6 −) has been prepared, and three compounds have been characterized by X-ray crystallography. The unique [H3L4][H2L4](PF6)3 features a dimeric face-to-face arrangement of two molecules due to the involvement of both the pyrazole-NH and the imidazolium C2H in hydrogen bonding. [H3L1]X2 - [H3L4]X2 serve as precursors for silver(I) complexes with compartmental pyrazolate-bridged bis(NHC) ligands. The complexes have been readily prepared by the Ag2O route and feature either the known [(L1−4)2Ag4]2+ or the new [(H2L1)4Ag4]8+ motif, depending on the solvent for the reaction (MeCN or acetone). [(H2L1)4Ag4](PF6)8 contains a central (pzAg)4 ring with pendant imidazolium side arms. Upon further reaction with Ag2O in MeCN it was found to undergo transformation to the corresponding [(L1)2Ag4](PF6)2. All complexes have been thoroughly studied by NMR spectroscopy in solution, and preliminary luminescence data of [(H2L1)4Ag4](PF6)8 have been recorded

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39

Sakuda, Junji, Masafumi Yoshio, Takahiro Ichikawa, Hiroyuki Ohno, and Takashi Kato. "2D assemblies of ionic liquid crystals based on imidazolium moieties: formation of ion-conductive layers." New Journal of Chemistry 39, no. 6 (2015): 4471–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5nj00085h.

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40

N. Salah, N., R. Abdelkrim, D. F. Pierre, D. Samuel, and L. Fadila. "Electrochemical studies of 1-ferrocenylmethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium iodide and 1-(ferrocenylmethyl)-3-mesityl-imidazolium iodide: redox potential and substituent effects." Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia 34, no. 3 (January 12, 2021): 605–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v34i3.15.

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The electrochemical behavior of 1-ferrocenylmethyl-3-(methyl)-imidazolium iodide (or mesityl) imidazolium was studied by cyclic voltammetry at glassy carbon electrode in midiums organic to determine the influences of electronic imidazolium group on the ferrocene. The experimental results indicated that the redox reaction was reversible. Mass transport towards the electrode is a simple diffusion process and the diffusion coefficient (D) for redox couple has been also calculated and we have evaluated the heterogeneous charge transfer rate constant (K0). KEY WORDS: Electrochemical behaviour, Cyclic voltammetry, Imidazolium salts, Diffusion coefficient Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2020, 34(3), 605-612. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v34i3.15

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Reich, Robert M., Mirza Cokoja, Iulius I. E. Markovits, Christian J. Münchmeyer, Marlene Kaposi, Alexander Pöthig, Wolfgang A. Herrmann, and Fritz E. Kühn. "Influence of substituents on cation–anion contacts in imidazolium perrhenates." Dalton Transactions 44, no. 18 (2015): 8669–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5dt00735f.

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42

Altmann, Philipp J., Christian Jandl, and Alexander Pöthig. "Introducing a pyrazole/imidazole based hybrid cyclophane: a hydrogen bond sensor and binucleating ligand precursor." Dalton Transactions 44, no. 25 (2015): 11278–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5dt01775k.

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43

Zhu, Yuan, Yubin He, Xiaolin Ge, Xian Liang, Muhammad A. Shehzad, Min Hu, Yazhi Liu, Liang Wu, and Tongwen Xu. "A benzyltetramethylimidazolium-based membrane with exceptional alkaline stability in fuel cells: role of its structure in alkaline stability." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, no. 2 (2018): 527–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ta09095a.

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44

He, Fan, Pierre Braunstein, Marcel Wesolek, and Andreas A. Danopoulos. "Imine-functionalised protic NHC complexes of Ir: direct formation by C–H activation." Chemical Communications 51, no. 14 (2015): 2814–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc10109j.

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Dehaudt, Jérémy, Neil J. Williams, Ilya A. Shkrob, Huimin Luo, and Sheng Dai. "Selective separation of trivalent f-ions using 1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-dicarboxamide ligands in ionic liquids." Dalton Transactions 45, no. 29 (2016): 11624–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6dt01800a.

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46

Lin, Changxu, Long Yang, Mengchun Xu, Qi An, Zheng Xiang, and Xiangyang Liu. "Properties and applications of designable and photo/redox dual responsive surfactants with the new head group 2-arylazo-imidazolium." RSC Advances 6, no. 57 (2016): 51552–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra04448d.

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47

Raible, Benjamin, and Doris Kunz. "Selective di- and monochlorination of pyridazine-annelated bis(imidazolium) salts." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 71, no. 6 (June 1, 2016): 659–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2016-0010.

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AbstractA synthetic route for the selective di- and monochlorination of pyridazine annelated bis(imidazolium) salts at the formamidinium moieties with trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA) is presented. Due to the steric hindrance, the molecular structure of the dichlorobis(imidazolium) salt shows a pronounced torsion from planarity as well as a deviation of the C–Cl bond vectors from the ideal bisecting line of the respective NCN angles such as to avoid each other. The monochlorinated bis(imidazolium) salt is free of steric hindrance and therefore shows less deviation from the parent bis(imidazolium) salt. In the presence of acetate the chloroimidazolium salt acts as a chlorination agent for acetate leading to formation of acetyl chloride and the respective urea.

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48

Weber, Arthur L., and Andro C. Rios. "Imidazolium-Catalyzed Synthesis of an Imidazolium Catalyst." Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres 49, no. 4 (December 2019): 199–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11084-019-09589-2.

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49

Tang, Li-Wei, Xiao Dong, Zhi-Ming Zhou, Ying-Qiang Liu, Li Dai, and Man Zhang. "The first 4,4′-imidazolium-tagged C2-symmetric bis(oxazolines): application in the asymmetric Henry reaction." RSC Advances 5, no. 7 (2015): 4758–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra14028a.

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50

Mohammadpoor-Baltork, Iraj, and Mohammad Abdollahi-Alibeik. "Mild, efficient, and chemoselective dehydrogenation of 2-imidazolines, bis-imidazolines, and N-substituted-2-imidazolines with potassium permanganate supported on montmorillonite K-10." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 83, no. 2 (February 1, 2005): 110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v04-171.

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Different types of 2-imidazolines, bis-imidazolines, and N-substituted-2-imidazolines are efficiently oxidized to their corresponding imidazoles with potassium permanganate (KMnO4) supported on montmorillonite K-10 under very mild conditions. The procedure is very simple and no strict conditions were required. Selective dehydrogenation of 2-alkyl-2-imidazolines in the presence of 2-aryl-2-imidazolines is a noteworthy advantage of this method and can be considered as a useful practical achievement in these reactions.Key words: 2-imidazolines, imidazoles, dehydrogenation, potassium permanganate, montmorillonite K-10.

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