Academic literature on the topic 'Imidazolinone herbicides'
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Journal articles on the topic "Imidazolinone herbicides"
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Bundt, A. C., L. A. Avila, A. Pivetta, D. Agostinetto, D. P. Dick, and P. Burauel. "Imidazolinone Degradation in Soil in Response to Application History." Planta Daninha 33, no. 2 (June 2015): 341–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-83582015000200020.
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Accelerated herbicide degradation consists in its faster degradation in areas where it has been previously applied, due to the adaptation of microbial population to that particular compound. Accelerated degradation can reduce herbicide persistence and reduce its efficacy in soil. The objective of this study was to investigate if imidazolinone herbicides have enhanced microbial degradation in rice paddy soils. A laboratory experiment was conducted, evaluating the CO2 evolution rate from soils with and without history of herbicide application (imazapyr + imazapic and imazethapyr + imazapic), incubated with imidazolinone herbicides: imazethapyr, imazapyr, imazapic, imazamethabenz, imazamox and an untreated check. The amount of CO2 released from the soil was measured. As a result, the prior application of imidazolinones does not stimulate microbial degradation of herbicides from the same chemical group.
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Taran, B., T. D. Warkentin, A. Vandenberg, and F. A. Holm. "Variation in chickpea germplasm for tolerance to imazethapyr and imazamox herbicides." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 90, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps09061.
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Tolerance to the imidazolinone class of herbicides would be a desirable agronomic trait for chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) grown in western Canada. Identification of germplasm tolerant to imidazolinones and incorporation of this tolerance into future varieties will allow an integrated weed management strategy in chickpea. The current study evaluated the variation of diverse chickpea germplasm and cultivars available in Canada for tolerance to the imidazolinone class of herbicides under greenhouse conditions. Large differences among the genotypes in response to a mixture of imazethapyr and imazamox were observed. Several accessions were identified with tolerance to a mixture of imazethapyr and imazamox. Conventional breeding for imazethapyr/imazamox tolerance in chickpea is feasible. The simple screening used in the current study allows for rapid progress towards the development of herbicide-tolerant cultivars.Key words: Chickpea, germplasm, imazethapyr, imazamox, tolerance
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Sprague, Christy L., Amy L. Frasier, and Donald Penner. "Identifying Acetolactate Synthase Inhibitors for Potential Control of Quackgrass (Elytrigia repens) and Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) in Corn (Zea mays)." Weed Technology 13, no. 1 (March 1999): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00044900.
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Control of two perennial weeds, quackgrass and Canada thistle, and the differential sensitivities of three imidazolinone-resistant (IMI) corn hybrids and their sensitive isolines to various acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides were evaluated in greenhouse studies. The postemergence sulfonylurea herbicides nicosulfuron and primisulfuron controlled quackgrass > 80%. The imidazolinone herbicides imazapyr and imazamox applied postemergence controlled quackgrass 70 and 74%, respectively. Canada thistle control was 89% with the sulfonylurea herbicide metsulfuron. Primisulfuron, chlorsulfuron, and tribenuron controlled Canada thistle > 70%. The imidazolinonesensitive corn hybrids did not tolerate the imidazolinone herbicides imazethapyr, imazaquin, imazapyr, AC 263,222, and imazamox; the sulfonylurea herbicides chlorimuron, chlorsulfuron, metsulfuron, tribenuron, and triflusulfuron; and the pyrimidinylthiobenzoate herbicide pyrithiobac applied postemergence. The ‘Ciba 4393 IMR’ corn hybrid, homozygous for an unknown allele, was resistant to all of the various ALS-inhibiting herbicides that injured its sensitive isoline. The magnitude of resistance for this hybrid was greater than the other IR corn hybrids. The ‘Pioneer 3751 IR’ corn hybrid, homozygous for theXA-17ALS allele, was also resistant to a number of ALS-inhibiting herbicides. The ‘ICI 8692 IT’ corn hybrid, heterozygous for theMut2allele, was only resistant to the imidazolinone herbicides.
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Matzenbacher, F. O., A. Kalsing, V. G. Menezes, J. A. N. Barcelos, and A. Merotto Junior. "Rapid diagnosis of resistance to imidazolinone herbicides in barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) and control of resistant biotypes with alternative herbicides." Planta Daninha 31, no. 3 (September 2013): 645–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582013000300016.
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The resistance of barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) to imidazolinone herbicides is a worldwide problem in paddy fields. A rapid diagnosis is required for the selection of adequate prevention and control practices. The objectives of this study were to develop expedite bioassays to identify the resistance to imidazolinone herbicides in barnyardgrass and to evaluate the efficacy of alternative herbicides for the post-emergence control of resistant biotypes. Three experiments were conducted to develop methods for diagnosis of resistance to imazethapyr and imazapyr + imazapic in barnyardgrass at the seed, seedling and tiller stages, and to carry out a pot experiment to determine the efficacy of six herbicides applied at post-emergence in 13 biotypes of barnyardgrass resistant to imidazolinones. The seed soaking bioassay was not able to differentiate the resistant and susceptible biotypes. The resistance of barnyardgrass to imidazolinones was effectively discriminated in the seedlings and tiller bioassays seven days after incubation at the concentrations of 0.001 and 0.0001 mM, respectively, for both imazethapyr and imazapyr + imazapic. The biotypes identified as resistant to imidazolinones showed different patterns of susceptibility to penoxsulam, bispyribac-sodium and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, and were all controlled with profoxydim and cyhalofop-butyl. The seedling and tiller bioassays are effective in the diagnosis of barnyardgrass resistance to imidazolinone herbicides, providing an on-season opportunity to identify the need to use alternative herbicides to be applied at post-emergence for the control of the resistant biotypes.
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Wright, Terry R., and Donald Penner. "Corn (Zea mays) acetolactate synthase sensitivity to four classes of ALS-inhibiting herbicides." Weed Science 46, no. 1 (February 1998): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004317450009010x.
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In vitro acetolactate synthase (ALS) activity from three commercial imidazolinone-resistant corn hybrids (ICI 8692 IT, Pioneer 3751 IR, and Ciba 4393 IMR) was compared to imidazolinone-sensitive isogenic hybrid controls for sensitivity to 11 herbicides representing four classes of ALS-inhibiting herbicide chemistry. Acetolactate synthase activity from Pioneer IR and Ciba IMR was cross-resistant to all four classes of ALS inhibitors, ranging from 48- to 5,000-fold. The ICI IT hybrid displayed only four- to eightfold resistance to the six imidazolinone herbicides and the pyrimidinylthiobenzoate herbicide, pyrithiobac, but no cross-resistance to the sulfonylurea and triazolopyrimidine sulfonanilide herbicides. The four- to eightfold enzyme resistance to imidazolinone herbicides provides whole-plant resistance; however, the sevenfold enzyme resistance to pyrithiobac was insufficient to afford whole-plant protection to a field application rate of the herbicide. A second imidazolinone-specific resistance allele,XI-12, currently under commercial development, was examined for the level of dominance at the enzyme level. In the heterozygous state, imazethapyr resistance was fivefold, compared to 250-fold in the homozygous condition, indicatingXI-12is a semidominant trait. No cross-resistance to nicosulfuron or primisulfuron was observed in the heterozygousXI-12hybrid extracts nor to nicosulfuron in theXI-12homozygote; however, a fivefold resistance to primisulfuron was detected in theXI-12homozygote.
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Sousa, C. P., J. J. O. Pinto, E. G. Martinazzo, A. T. Perboni, M. E. Farias, and M. A. Bacarin. "Chlorophyll a fluorescence in rice plants exposed of herbicides of group imidazolinone." Planta Daninha 32, no. 1 (March 2014): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582014000100016.
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The objective of this work was to investigate the injuries caused to the photosynthetic apparatus of three types of rice exposed to application of imidazolinone group herbicides. Two experiments were conducted using herbicides Imazethapyr+imazapic and Imazapyr+imazapic, in a split-plot experimental design, and a 3 x 3 factorial, with six replications. The first factor (A) consisted of the herbicide rates 0, 100 e 200 g ha-1 of Imazethapyr+imazapic and 0, 140 e 280 g ha-1 of Imazapyr+imazapic; factor B consisted of type of rice (cv. Puitá Inta CL, sensitive red rice ecotype and red rice ecotype with suspected herbicide tolerance to Imidazolinone). Chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters were evaluated in plants at 30 days after herbicide application, using a portable fluorometer (HandyPEA, Hanstech). The photosynthetic metabolism of cv. Puitá Inta CL was found to tolerate commercial dosages of both herbicides. High sensitivity to the herbicides was observed for the sensitive red rice ecotype, while the photosynthetic apparatus of red rice ecotype with suspected herbicide tolerance showed high tolerance to both herbicides applied at rates higher than the commercial rate. The application of chemical herbicides of the imidazolinone group on rice plants causes changes in the photosynthetic metabolism of plants, detected by evaluating the emission of transient chlorophyll a fluorescence. This method can be useful in helping detect resistance and/or tolerance of red rice plants to herbicides of the imidazolinone group.
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Anderson, Paul C., and Marcy Georgeson. "Herbicide-tolerant mutants of corn." Genome 31, no. 2 (January 15, 1989): 994–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g89-173.
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Eight imidazolinone herbicide resistant corn cell lines were obtained from in vitro cell culture selections. Plants were regenerated from five of the lines and resistant progeny obtained from four. Of the four, one line showed cross resistance to a sulfonylurea herbicide (class A), while three lines were resistant only to imidazolinones (class B). The class A line and one class B line were characterized in detail. Line XA17 possessed a single semidominant gene for resistance and plants homozygous for the trait showed 300-fold resistance to imazaquin and 100-fold resistance to chlorsulfuron. Resistance was due to decreased herbicide sensitivity of acetohydroxy acid synthase (AHAS), the common site of action of the imidazolinone and sulfonylurea herbicides. Resistance was stable following four to six backcrosses to corn inbred lines. Line QJ22 (class B) plants homozygous for tolerance showed 30-fold resistance to imazethapyr and no resistance to imazethapyr and no resistance to chlorsulfuron. The biochemical mechanism of resistance for line QJ22 is presently not clear.Key words: corn, maize, herbicide tolerance, acetohydroxy acid synthase, imidazolinone, sulfonylurea.
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Cassol, Guilherme Vestena, Luis Antonio de Avila, Carla Rejane Zemolin, Andrey Piveta, Dirceu Agostinetto, and Aldo Merotto Júnior. "Sensitivity of imidazolinone-resistant red rice (Oryza sativa L.) to glyphosate and glufosinate." Ciência Rural 45, no. 9 (June 30, 2015): 1557–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20140896.
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<p>Dose-response experiments were carried out to evaluate the sensitivity of imidazolinone-resistant red rice to nonselective herbicides currently used in rice-soybean rotation in Rio Grande do Sul. Two red rice biotypes previously identified as resistant and susceptible to the imidazolinone herbicides were treated with imazapic plus imazapic, glyphosate and glufosinate under nine herbicide rates. A non-linear log-logistic analysis was used to estimate the herbicide rate that provided 50% red rice control and dry weight reduction (GR<sub>50</sub>). Imidazolinone-resistant red rice exhibited greater GR<sub>50</sub> values than imidazolinone-susceptible biotype for imazapyr plus imazapic. In contrast, both imidazolinone-resistant and susceptible red rice showed similar GR<sub>50</sub>values for glyphosate and glufosinate. These results indicate that glyphosate and glufosinate effectively control imidazolinone-resistant red rice at similar herbicide rates used to control imidazolinone-susceptible; however, integrated weed management practices must be adopted in rice-soybean rotation to delay resistance evolution of red rice populations to glyphosate and glufosinate</p>
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Stidham, Mark A. "Herbicides that Inhibit Acetohydroxyacid Synthase." Weed Science 39, no. 3 (September 1991): 428–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500073197.
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Acetohydroxyacid synthase was discovered as the site of action of imidazolinone and sulfonylurea herbicides over 6 yr ago. In recent years, advances have been made in the understanding of this enzyme as a herbicide target site. Derivatives of both imidazolinones and sulfonylureas have yielded new herbicide chemistry. AH of the herbicides display unusual “slow-binding” behavior with the enzyme, and this behavior may help explain efficacy of the herbicides. Resistance to these herbicides has been developed through a number of different procedures, and the mechanism of resistance is through changes in sensitivity of the enzyme to the herbicides. The changes are either selective to only one class of chemistry, or broad to a number of classes of chemistry. These data support the idea that binding sites for the herbicides on the enzyme are only partially overlapping. Progress in purification of AHAS from corn includes discovery of the existence of the enzyme in monomer and oligomer aggregation states. The interaction of the enzyme with the herbicides is affected by enzyme aggregation state.
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A.K, Engku, Norida M, Omar D, Asib N, Yusof S, and Halimatunsadiah A. B. "The Practice of Imidazolinone-Resistant Rice Production in the Irrigated Rice Fields of Kg Sungai Leman." Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development 11, no. 1 (March 25, 2021): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.ajard.2021.111.120.128.
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Rice is an important crop and a staple food in Malaysia. Herbicides are used extensively to control weeds, which represent a major constraint to yield production. Although the introduction of Imidazolinone-resistant Rice with its management system (IRPS) has greatly improved both yields and weed control, the system is designed to be used for only a short term before transitioning to local varieties. Thus, a survey was conducted among 115 farmers to obtain information on their general knowledge on weed control and IRPS. The results showed that the majority of the farmers use herbicides to control all types of weed presented, with a small minority still using manual control. The majority of farmers using IRPS were applying the herbicide imidazolinone when soil condition were right, and only once per season, which is the recommendation. Most of the farmers still utilized imidazolinone to control weedy rice but would not use it on other weeds. However, many of the farmers perceived imidazolinone as becoming more ineffective and expensive and were willing to change to other herbicides if there was a viable alternative. Although herbicide is the main method employed in controlling weeds when using IRPS, farmers still regard imidazolinone as an ineffective herbicide. The reason IRPS is still in use is due to the high yields provided. This study shows a better understanding of knowledge on weeds and IRPS among farmers. Nonetheless, the IRPS will become a redundant system due to the ineffectiveness of imidazolinone and a new system should be introduced to replace it.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Imidazolinone herbicides"
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Heiser, James W. "Dissipation and carryover of imidazolinone herbicides in imidazolinone-resistant rice (Oryza sativa)." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5096.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on October 26, 2007) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Che, Ming-Daw. "The interaction of imidazolinone herbicides with selected adsorbents /." The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487694389392426.
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Whaley, Cory Miller. "Characterization of Acetolactate Synthase-Inhibiting Herbicide-Resistant Smooth Pigweed and Corn Weed Management Programs Utilizing Mesotrione in Combinations with Other Herbicides." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26341.
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Repeated use of acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides in recent years has resulted in the selection of 89 weed species resistant to these herbicides. One management strategy that can eliminate or slow the development of resistance is applying mixtures of herbicides with different modes of action. This research involved the characterization of ALS-inhibiting herbicide-resistant smooth pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus L.), as well as investigations on weed management programs in corn (Zea mays L.) utilizing mesotrione, a triketone, in mixtures with other herbicides. ALS-inhibiting herbicide-resistant smooth pigweed biotypes were collected from fields in Virginia, Delaware, Maryland, and Pennsylvania to evaluate response to ALS-inhibiting herbicides and to determine the molecular mechanisms of resistance. Sequencing of the ALS genes from these biotypes revealed two amino acid substitutions known to confer resistance, Ala122 to Thr and Ser653 to Asn, and one that has not been previously reported in plants, Asp376 to Glu. The smooth pigweed biotype with an Asp376 substitution displayed resistance to four classes of ALS-inhibiting herbicides that included imidazolinone (IMI), sulfonylurea (SU), pyrimidinylthiobenzoate (PTB), and triazolopyrimidine sulfonanilide (TP) chemistries. Transformation of this smooth pigweed ALS gene into Arabidopsis thaliana confirmed that the Asp376 substitution is responsible for the resistance. Other biotypes that had a substitution at Ala122 exhibited resistance to an IMI herbicide, little to no resistance to SU herbicides, and increased sensitivity to a PTB and a TP herbicide, whereas, biotypes that had a substitution at Ser653 exhibited high-level resistance to an IMI herbicide and lower resistance to PTB and SU herbicides. Experiments were also conducted to investigate the effectiveness of mesotrione in preemergence (PRE) and postemergence (POST) corn weed management programs in Virginia. Mesotrione applied PRE in mixtures with S-metolachlor and atrazine controlled common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.), smooth pigweed, common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.), and morningglory (Ipomoea spp.) species when a timely rainfall followed application. POST applications of mesotrione controlled common lambsquarters and smooth pigweed, but common ragweed and morningglory species were not always controlled. Common ragweed and morningglory species were controlled by mesotrione in a mixture with atrazine POST. Large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.] and giant foxtail (Setaria faberi Herrm.) control was generally better when the ALS-inhibiting herbicides nicosulfuron plus rimsulfuron or rimsulfuron plus thifensulfuron plus atrazine were applied in a mixture with mesotrione. Mixtures of mesotrione with other POST herbicides in a total POST program produced corn yields comparable to standard PRE followed by POST weed management programs.Ph. D.
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Kraemer, Alejandro Fausto. "Residual da mistura formulada dos herbicidas imazethapyr e imazapic em áreas de arroz sob diferentes manejos de solo." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2008. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/4979.
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Red rice (Oryza spp.) is one of the main limiting factors of rice yield (O. sativa L.) in the world and particularly in the Rio Grande do Sul (RS) state Brazil. The Clearfield®
technology is a viable and efficient tool for controlling such harmful plant by using imidazolinone herbicides in tolerant cultivars. However, herbicides may persist on the
soil after the crop season in amount that could affect the future use of the area with other crops as well as with non tolerant rice cultivars. The persistence of this kind of herbicides is highly dependent on the soil s environmental conditions. It increases in low pH soils with high organic matter (MO) content, and under anaerobic conditions. The main way of herbicide dissipation is the biodegradations; they can be photolysis or be lixiviated bellow the roots absorption region. Two field experiments were carried out on lowland soil in Santa Maria-RS during 2006/2007. The first experiment (Chapter II) had the objective of determining the effect of nine soil tillages (four on no till or minimum till seeping and five, on conventional tillage) on the phytotoxicity of non tolerant rice. The residual effect of the herbicide Only® affected plants stand, tillering, panicle number and plant heights of cultivar IRGA 417, but did not affect the grain yield. Soil plowing decreased herbicide activity on the soil surface (0-3 cm) without affecting the variables assayed. The second experiment (Chapter III) had the objective of
determining the effect of two soil tillages (no till- PD- and conventional tillage-PC) on imazethapyr degradation and leaching. Higher degradation of imazethapyr was
registered on PC than on PD. Imazethapyr leaching until 20 cm regardless the tillage system. In PC, a uniform distribution of imazethapyr was observed in the first 15 cm of soil while in PD there was a lower concentration of imazethapyr at 0-5 cm, which accumulated at 5-15 cm deep.O arroz-vermelho (Oryza spp.) é um dos principais fatores limitantes da produtividade de grãos do arroz irrigado (O. sativa L.) no mundo e em particular do estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS) Brasil. A tecnologia Clearfield® é uma ferramenta viável e eficiente para o controle desta planta daninha, mediante o uso de herbicidas da família das imidazolinonas junto com cultivares tolerantes a estes herbicidas. No entanto, os herbicidas podem permanecer no solo após o cultivo, em quantidade que pode comprometer a utilização futura da área com outras culturas, ou mesmo com cultivares de arroz não tolerante (NT). A permanência destes herbicidas no solo é muito dependente das condições ambientais e de solo, aumentando sua persistência em solos com pH baixos, com altos conteúdos de matéria orgânica (MO), argila e em condições de anaerobioses. A principal via de dissipação destes herbicidas é a microbiana, podendo também, sofrer fotólises ou serem lixiviados para fora da área de absorção das raízes. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos sob solo de várzea, em Santa Maria-RS no ano agrícola 2006/07. O primeiro experimento (Capítulo II) teve como objetivo determinar o efeito de nove manejos de solo (quatro sob plantio direto ou semidireto e cinco sob plantio convencional), na fitotoxicidade do arroz não tolerante. O efeito residual do herbicida Only® afetou o estande de plantas, perfilhamento, número de panículas e a estatura da cultivar não tolerante IRGA 417, porém não afetou a produtividade de grãos. O revolvimento do solo diminuiu a atividade do herbicida na camada superficial de solo (0-3 cm), embora não tenha afetado as variáveis analisadas. O segundo experimento (Capítulo III) teve como objetivo determinar o efeito de dois manejos de solo, plantio direto (PD) e plantio convencional (PC), na degradação e lixiviação do imazethapyr. Ocorreu maior degradação de imazethapyr no PC do que no PD. Imazethapyr lixiviou até 20 cm, independente do sistema de cultivo. No PC existe uma distribuição uniforme do imazethapyr nos primeiros 15 cm de solo e no PD existe menor concentração de imazethapyr de 0-5 cm, e acúmulo do herbicida de 5-15 cm de profundidade.
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Fonseca, Gabriela de Magalhães da. "Avaliação da resposta de genótipos de arroz irrigado a herbicidas do grupo químico das imidazolinonas." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2011. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/1189.
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Previous issue date: 2011-03-16The red rice (Oryza sativa) co-exists with the cultivated rice in commercial farmings, becoming one of the main limiting factors for the yield increase in this crop, since this weed competes for the same resources. The rice crop is one of the most important in the world, being the main nutritious source for more than half of the world´s population. Genes for resistance to herbicides have become the best option for the control of this weed. Herbicides that inhibit the ALS enzyme, such as those from the imidazolinone chemical group, are commonly used for weed control in many crops. These ALS inhibitors are currently used for the control of red rice, which is known as Clearfield® technology. This work aimed to study the morphological features that can assist in identifying Only® herbicide tolerance in hydroponic bioassays, and introgression of ALS inhibitor herbicide tolerance genes in cultivars through artificial hybridizations. The rice cultivars used were BRS Sinuelo CL and Puitá INTA CL as imidazolinone herbicide tolerant, and the BRS Pampa, BRS Querência, BRS Atalanta and BRS Fronteira, as sensitive. The variable insertion of the first leaf can be considered an appropriate candidate for study because it discriminates more effectively the responses of different genetic constitutions. Taking in account the doses and periods of development, it can be recommended for use as a morphological marker. The concentration of herbicide that allows better discrimination between tolerant and sensitive genotypes is 25μg L-1 as described in the methodology for this bioassay. The results of this study show that F2 hybrids resulting from crosses between cultivars carrying the allele for herbicide tolerance to the imidazolinone class and conventional rice cultivars, are feasible, enabling the establishment of populations with desirable agronomic characteristics of herbicidetolerant rice, with higher ability to fight the red rice.
O arroz vermelho (Oryza sativa) co-existe com o arroz cultivado em lavouras comerciais, sendo esse um dos principais entraves para o aumento da produtividade dessa cultura, já que essa invasora compete pelos mesmos recursos que as cultivares necessitam. A cultura do arroz é uma das mais importantes no mundo, considerada a principal fonte nutritiva para mais da metade da população mundial. Genes para resistência a herbicidas têm se tornado uma das opções mais utilizadas no mundo para o controle de invasoras, sendo que os herbicidas inibidores da enzima ALS, classe das imidazolinonas, são amplamente utilizados para o controle de plantas daninhas em diversas culturas. Esses inibidores de ALS são atualmente utilizados para o controle do arroz vermelho, sendo esta tecnologia denominada Clearfield®. Este trabalho objetivou o estudo de características morfológicas capazes de auxiliar na identificação de tolerância ao herbicida Only®, em bioensaio em condições hidropônicas, e a introgressão de genes de tolerância ao herbicida inibidor de ALS em cultivares, através de hibridações controladas. Foram utilizados as cultivares de arroz BRS Sinuelo CL e Puitá INTA CL como padrão tolerante aos herbicidas imidazolinonas, e as cultivares BRS Pampa, BRS Querência, BRS Fronteira e BRS Atalanta, como padrão sensível. A variável inserção da primeira folha pode ser considerada uma variável apropriada para estudos, pois discrimina de maneira mais eficiente as diferentes respostas das constituições genéticas frente às doses utilizadas e aos períodos de desenvolvimento, podendo ser indicada para ser utilizada como marcador morfológico. A concentração de herbicida que possibilita melhor discriminação entre genótipos tolerantes e sensíveis é 25μg L-1, conforme metodologia descrita para esse bioensaio. Os resultados desse estudo mostram que os híbridos F2, resultantes de cruzamentos entre cultivares portadores do alelo de tolerância ao herbicida da classe das imidazolinonas e cultivares de arroz irrigado convencionais, são viáveis, possibilitando o estabelecimento de populações de arroz irrigado tolerantes ao herbicida, com maior capacidade de combater o arroz vermelho e com características de interesse agronômico.
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Reck, Liange. "OS HERBICIDAS CAUSAM ALTERAÇÕES REVERSÍVEIS NA COMUNIDADE FITOPLANCTÔNICA EM LAVOURA DE ARROZ." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2013. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/4863.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorSeveral agrochemicals are used for rice production in Brazil; depending on their persistence and toxicity, these substances may cause damage to non-target species and also contaminate water systems. Paddy rice fields are important elements of the landscape in Rio Grande do Sul, potentially helping to sustain regional biodiversity of several invertebrate and vertebrate animal species. Phytoplankton communities are primary producers and the base of most food chains, also working as biological filters in the depuration of water systems. The experiments reported here aimed to verify if the herbicide mix imazapyr+imazapic (Kifix®) and also the isolate components imazapyr and imazapic affect the composition and structure of the phytoplankton community in paddy rice fields, when directly added to the water. The experiment was carried out in the municipality of São Sepé, in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in the crop year 2011/2012. A randomized block design was used in the experiment (5 x 3) with four repetitions. Principal Response Curve analyses of the data obtained demonstrated that both imazapyr and imazapic may have effects over the composition and abundance of phytoplankton in paddy rice fields. The greatest effects were found on three different taxonomical classes of organisms: Cyanophyceae (cyanobacteria), Chlamydophyceae (unicellular flagellates) and Chlorophyceae (green algae). Moreover, the experimental treatments with herbicide additions resembled the control in the last sampling date, indicating that the substances have a greater toxic effect in the first few days after addition.
A produção de arroz no Brasil utiliza diversos agroquímicos que, dependendo de sua persistência e toxicidade para espécies não-alvo podem contaminar ambientes aquáticos. Lavouras de arroz são parte importante das paisagens do Rio Grande do Sul; são locais de potencial para ajudar a sustentar a biodiversidade regional de muitos invertebrados e vertebrados. O fitoplâncton como produtor primário é a base da cadeia alimentar e desempenha papel de filtro biológico, atuando como estações de tratamento da água nesses ambientes. Objetiva-se com esse trabalho verificar se a mistura herbicida imazapir+imazapique (Kifix®) e os compostos isolados, imazapir e imazapique, alteram a composição e densidade da comunidade fitoplanctônica em lavoura de arroz irrigado, considerando a adição direta dos contaminantes nas parcelas. O experimento foi realizado no município de São Sepé, Depressão Central do Rio Grande do Sul na safra agrícola de 2011/12. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial (5 x 3) e quatro repetições. Os resultados obtidos pela Curva de Resposta Principal (PRC) demonstraram que os herbicidas imazapir e imazapique usados em lavouras de arroz podem ter efeito sobre a abundância e composição do fitoplâncton. Os maiores efeitos dos herbicidas foram encontrados sobre as populações pertencentes às classes Cyanophyceae, Chlamydophyceae e Chlorophyceae. Além do mais, os tratamentos com herbicidas assemelharam-se ao controle na última coleta constatando que os herbicidas são mais tóxicos nos primeiros dias após a aplicação dos agroquímicos.
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Feijó, Ânderson da Rosa. "FeiSaflufenacil : fisiologia da atividade herbicida e efeito de sua mistura com imidazolinonas na seletividade e no controle de plantas daninhas no arroz irrigado." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2016. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br:8080/handle/prefix/3253.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
No cultivo do arroz irrigado as plantas daninhas que apresentam maior importância são: o arroz daninho e capim-arroz. O controle químico é atualmente o principal método de controle destas plantas daninhas. A utilização de cultivares tolerantes aos imidazolinonas possibilita um controle seletivo. A mistura de herbicidas pode proporcionar inúmeras vantagens como redução das doses aplicadas e aumento do espectro de ação. Saflufenacil um herbicida relativamente novo apresenta potencial para ser aplicado em mistura com outros herbicidas. Além disso, ele é indicado para aplicação em pré-emergência com ação residual no solo. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a eficiência no controle de arroz daninho e capim-arroz; a seletividade ao arroz irrigado, com o uso de misturas em tanque entre imazapyr+imazapic e saflufenacil; avaliar as interações de misturas entre os dois herbicidas em plantas de arroz daninho, bem como, avaliar possíveis alterações no metabolismo antioxidante durante a germinação em função da aplicação de saflufenacil. Para atingir esses objetivos, foram conduzidos três experimentos; O experimento I foi realizado em campo, utilizou-se o cultivar Puitá INTA CL, os tratamentos foram compostos por aplicação isolada e em misturas de imazapyr+imazapic e saflufenacil. O experimento II foi realizado em casa de vegetação, onde foram aplicados imazapyr+imazapic e saflufenacil, isolados e em misturas, sendo que cada mistura foi constituída sempre por ao menos uma subdose dos herbicidas. Os resultados de controle, redução da estatura de plantas e matéria seca da parte aérea de arroz daninho, foram analisados pelo Método de Colby para verificar o efeito de interação. No experimento III, sementes de soja foram colocadas para germinar em presença de água ou solução herbicida de saflufenacil, e incubadas no escuro ou expostas à luz (fotoperíodo de 14h), seis dias após, avaliou-se as alterações no metabolismo antioxidante e quantificou-se o extravasamento de eletrólitos. Os resultados do experimento I mostraram que saflufenacil não interferiu no percentual de controle de imazapyr+imazapic em capim-arroz e arroz daninho, além de não acarretar perda de produtividade na cultura do arroz. A menor dose de imazapyr+imazapic (36,75+12,25 g e.a. ha-1), isolada e em mistura proporcionou baixo nível de controle destas duas plantas daninhas, reduzindo a produtividade. No experimento II foi constatado um maior número de misturas com efeito de aditividade na interação entre os dois herbicidas. Resultados do experimento III mostram que ocorreu um incremento na atividade da SOD na luz e no escuro em diferentes doses de saflufenacil, maior atividade da CAT na dose de 3,0 μM na luz e no escuro e incremento da APX com 3,0 μM na luz e 6,0 μM na luz e escuro. Os teores de H2O2 foram maiores com saflufenacil na presença de luz, MDA foi elevado apenas na dose de 6,0 μM sob luz. O maior extravasamento de eletrólitos foi observado nos tratamentos com saflufenacil expostos à luz. Os resultados mostram que saflufenacil pode ser utilizado em mistura com imazapyr+imazapic no arroz irrigado, podendo ampliar o espectro de controle de plantas daninhas da cultura sem causar perdas de produtividade. Na ausência de luz saflufenacil causa incremento na atividade do sistema antioxidante, mas não proporciona danos às membranas celulares.
In irrigated rice weeds with the greatest importance they are: weedy rice and barnyardgrass. Chemical control is currently the main method of control of these weeds. The use of cultivars tolerant to imidazolinones allows selective control. The mixture of herbicides can provide many advantages such as reduction of the amount applied and increased spectrum of action. Saflufenacil a relatively new herbicide has the potential to be applied in tank mixture with other herbicides. Moreover, it presents a recommendation for application in pre-emergence residual action in the soil. The objective of this study was to determine the effects on weedy rice control and barnyardgrass; and selectivity to rice by applying mixtures of imazapyr+imazapic with saflufenacil; evaluating the interactions between mixtures of two herbicides in weedy rice plants, as well as to assess possible changes in antioxidant metabolism during germination depending on the application saflufenacil. To achieve these goals, three experiments were conducted; The first experiment was carried out in the field, used the cultivar Puitá INTA CL, the treatments were applied alone and in mixtures of imazapyr + imazapic with saflufenacil. The second experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, where they were applied imazapyr+imazapic and saflufenacil, alone and in mixtures, each mixture was always consists of at least one sub-dose of herbicides. The results of control, reduced height and shoot dry mass of weedy rice were analyzed by Colby’s Method to check the effect of interaction. In the experiment III, soybean seeds were germinated in the presence of water or solution herbicide saflufenacil, and incubated in the dark or exposed to light (photoperiod of 14h), six days after was evaluated the changes in antioxidant metabolism and quantified the electrolyte leakage. The results of experiment I show that saflufenacil doesn’t interfere in the percentage of imazapyr + imazapic control in barnyardgrass and weedy rice, besides not causing loss of productivity in the rice crop. The lowest dose imazapic+imazapyr (36.75 + 12.25 g a.e. ha-1), alone and in mixture provided low level control of two weeds, reducing productivity. In experiment II was observed a greater number of mixtures additivity effect on the interaction between the two herbicides. Experiment III results show that there was an increase in the activity of SOD in the light and in the dark at different doses of saflufenacil, higher CAT activity at a dose of 3,0 μM in light and dark and increased APX with 3,0 μM in the light and 6,0 μM in light and dark. The H2O2 levels were higher with saflufenacil in the presence of light, MDA was raised only at the dose of 6,0 μM under light. The highest electrolyte leakage was observed in treatments with saflufenacil exposed to light. The results show that saflufenacil may be used in tank mixture with imazapyr+imazapic in irrigated rice, which can extend the weed control spectrum culture without causing productivity losses. In the absence of light saflufenacil causes increased activity of the antioxidant system, but doesn’t give damage to cell membranes.
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Fraga, Diego Severo. "Respostas de cultivares de soja ao resíduo da mistura dos herbicidas imazapyr e imazapic." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2016. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br:8080/handle/prefix/3353.
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A rotação da cultura da soja ao arroz irrigado e sucessão com azevém pode ser considerado opção para manejo de plantas daninhas em área de terras baixas, principalmente o arroz-vermelho. Além disso, o surgimento de novas tecnologias de soja resistente a herbicidas do grupo das imidazolinonas como a Cultivance® pode auxiliar o produtor de sementes no controle de plantas daninhas quando associadas a sistemas de manejo como “plante-aplique” e “aplique-plante”. Dessa forma, os objetivos da pesquisa foram avaliar a fitotoxicidade, os componentes da produtividade e a qualidade fisiológica das sementes de cultivares de soja contendo as tecnologias Cultivance®, tolerância a sulfonilureias e Roundup Ready®, frente ao resíduo de doses crescentes da mistura dos herbicidas imazapyr e imazapic, aplicado no manejo da cultura do arroz irrigado; avaliar a permanência do resíduo do herbicida no solo em virtude do acúmulo de massa da matéria seca da parte aérea de plantas de azevém, semeadas em sucessão com a cultura da soja; quantificar a atividade da enzima ALS em cultivares de soja resistentes ou suscetíveis ao herbicida imazapic; avaliar as alterações nos metabólitos secundários de plantas de soja contendo essas tecnologias, submetidas a mistura dos herbicidas imazapyr e imazapic nos sistemas de manejo “plante-aplique e “aplique-plante”. Para isso, foram realizados experimentos em campo, casa-de-vegetação e laboratório da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Embrapa Clima Temperado e Embrapa Trigo, utilizando diferentes cultivares de soja submetidas ao herbicida imazapyr+imazapic. Os resultados demonstraram que a cultivar de soja contendo a tecnologia Cultivance® é resistente a mistura dos herbicidas imazapyr e imazapic aplicado no manejo do arroz irrigado, porém, as demais cultivares são suscetíveis. O resíduo do herbicida afeta a produtividade e a qualidade fisiológica da semente das cultivares estudadas. A massa da matéria seca da parte aérea do azevém, é reduzida na presença do resíduo do herbicida. O KM (concentração de piruvato) da enzima ALS das cultivares de soja são semelhantes, contudo o Vmáx (velocidade máxima da reação) da cultivar resistente é menor, comparado às demais, supondo-se que a resistência da cultivar contendo a tecnologia Cultivance® pode ser decorrente da insensibilidade da enzima ALS ao herbicida imazapic. As cultivares suscetíveis apresentam, em geral, maior teor de clorofila e sofrem maior ação das espécies reativas de oxigênio, comparadas a resistente. A elevação da dose da mistura dos herbicidas imazapyr e imazapic aumenta a ação do sistema antioxidante enzimático, por meio das enzimas superóxido dismutase, catalase e ascorbato peroxidase, independente do sistema de manejo.
Soybean crop rotation with irrigated rice and sucession with ryegrass may be considered an option to weed management in flooded area, mainly for red rice. Besides that new technologies appearance of soybean herbicide resistant of imidazolinone group such as Cultivance® may help seed farmers in the weed control when associated to management systems such as “plant-apply” and “apply-plant”. Thus the reseach objectives were evaluate phytotoxicity, yield components and physiological quality of soybean seeds’ cultivars containing Cultivance®, sulfonylurea tolerant and Roundup Ready® technologies, as affected by carryover of increasing doses of mixture of herbicides imazapyr and imazapic spraying in management of irrigated rice crop; evaluate herbicide carryover in soil due ryegrass shoot dry matter, seeded in sucession with soybean crop; quantify ALS enzyme activity in soybean cultivars resistants or susceptibles to imazapic herbicide; evaluate the changes on secondary metabolism of soybean plants containing these technologies, submmited to mixture of herbicides imazapyr and imazapic in “plant-apply” and “apply-plant” management systems. Therefore experiments were performed on field, greenhouse and laboratories in the Federal University of Pelotas, Embrapa Temperate Climate and Embrapa Wheat, using differents soybean cultivars submmited to imazapyr+imazapic herbicide. The results showed that soybean cultivar containing Cultivance® technology is resistant to mixture of herbicides imazapyr and imazapic sprayed in management of irrigated rice, but the others cultivars are susceptibles. The herbicide carryover affect the crop yield and physiological quality of seed of the studied cultivars. Ryegrass shoot dry matter is affected by herbicide carryover. ALS enzyme KM (pyruvate concentration) of soybean cultivars are similar, however the Vmáx (maximum reaction speed) of resistant cultivar is minor, compared with the other cultivars, supposing that the resistance of the cultivar containing Cultivance® technology may be due insensibility ALS enzyme to imazapic herbicide. The susceptibles cultivars show, in general, more chlorophyll and suffer more action of reactives oxygen species, compared to resistant. The increasing dose of mixture of herbicides imazapyr and imazapic enhance the action of enzymatic antioxidant system, by means of superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase enzymes, independent of management system.
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Poston, Daniel Hasford. "Growth Analyses and Patterns of Cross-Resistance in Four Imidazolinone-Resistant Smooth Pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus) Populations." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29151.
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Studies were conducted in 1996 through 1999 to: (1) evaluate the responses of one imidazolinone (IMI)-susceptible (S) and four -resistant (R1, R2, R3, and R4) smooth pigweed populations to various acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides, (2) determine the mechanism of resistance, and (3) evaluate the relative growth and competitiveness of each population. Field studies were conducted in 1996 near Marion, MD, in a field with a history of repeated imazaquin use. Smooth pigweed control with IMI herbicides was < 8 percent, but control with sulfonylurea (SU) herbicides ranged from 73 to 99 percent. Follow-up greenhouse studies were used to confirm IMI resistance in the Marion, MD smooth pigweed population (R4) as well as three others (R1, R2, and R3). R populations were 730- to 1350-fold more tolerant to imazethapyr than the S population. Based on resistance ratios, all R populations displayed low-level cross-resistance to chlorimuron and negative cross-resistance to thifensulfuron, pyrithiobac, and cloransulam-methyl with R2 being the most sensitive of the R populations to pyrithiobac and cloransulam-methyl.
Absorption, translocation, and metabolism of ¹⁴C-cloransulam-methyl in S and R2 populations were generally similar. Three metabolites of cloransulam-methyl with ratio of front (Rf) values approximately 0.83, 0.65, and 0.45 were isolated. The metabolite with a 0.83 Rf value increased over time as the parent molecule decreased indicating that it plays a major role in cloransulam-methyl metabolism in smooth pigweed. The other metabolites did not change significantly over time and never represented more than 5 percent of the extracted radioactivity. The identity of these metabolites has not been determined.
Using enzyme assays, it was determined that IMI resistance in R populations was due to an altered ALS that was no longer susceptible to inhibition by these herbicides. ALS from S, R1, and R2 populations responded similarly to chlorimuron and thifensulfuron, but reductions in enzyme activity by chlorimuron and thifensulfuron were significantly greater for R3 ALS than for S, R1 or R2 ALS. ALS from R2 and R3 was significantly more sensitive to inhibition by pyrithiobac compared to S ALS. Based on resistance ratios, R2 and R3 ALS were also more sensitive to inhibition by cloransulam-methyl than S ALS. Negative cross-resistance to thifensulfuron, pyrithiobac, and cloransulam-methyl in some R populations at the whole-plant level can be explained by increased sensitivity at the enzyme level.
Under noncompetitive conditions in the greenhouse, S produced 17, 23, 25, and 44 percent more biomass than R1, R2, R3, and R4 populations, respectively. S plants were also taller than R plants 17 and 21 d after planting (DAP) and displayed a faster initial rate of leaf area increase compared to all R populations. The net assimilation rate of S was significantly higher than R2 and R3 populations 24 DAP. R3 and R4 populations had significantly less chlorophyll per g of plant tissue compared to S; therefore, reduced growth in some R populations compared to S may be linked to chlorosis that generally appears early in seedling development. Biomass production in the field under competitive conditions was similar for all populations using both monoculture and mixed populations. For this reason, the differences in growth observed in the greenhouse in the S population may not confer a competitive advantage over R populations in the field.Ph. D.
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Villa, Silvio Carlos Cazarotto. "Arroz tolerante a imidazolinonas: controle do arroz vermelho, persistência de herbicidas e fluxo gênico." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2006. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5081.
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Red rice (Oryza spp.) is one of the main limiting factors to rice (O. sativa L.) yield. After several decades searching for red rice control tools, it was developed imidazolinone tolerant rice, to selectively control red rice. To better understand this technology it were conducted two experiments in 2004/05, in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. The first experiment (Chapter I) had the objective of: 1) evaluate red rice control by imidazolinone herbicides in Clearfield rice; 2) evaluate the imidazolinone herbicide carryover effect on rygrass and non-tolerant rice (IRGA 417) and 3) evaluate the outcrossing rates between Clearfield rice and red rice. The
herbicides tested control red rice. Although injury to Clearfield rice was observed, the herbicide did not affected yield. It was observed herbicide carryover to non-tolerant rice, reducing plant stand. There was natural outcrossing between Clearfield rice and red rice, at rates of 0.065%. The second experiment (Chapter II) had the objective of evaluate the herbicide Only® (imazethapyr 75 g L-1 + imazapic 25 g L-1) in different application rates and timing on two genotypes, IRGA 422 CL and Tuno CL, to the imidazolinones herbicides. When compared with the cultivar, the hybrid was more tolerant to the herbicide Only®. It was possible to apply rates of up to 2.0 L ha-1 in the hybrid, without affecting rice yield. Red rice control was total with split application of Only® in PRE and POST, with rates above 1.25 L ha-1. The most efficient treatment was with application of 0.75 L ha-1 in PRE followed by 0.5 L ha-1 in POS, because, it was the lowest rate that promoted 100% control, with relatively low toxicity to the cultivar and without affecting rice yield.O arroz-vermelho (Oryza spp.) é um dos principais fatores limitantes da produtividade de grãos do arroz irrigado (O. sativa L.). Após várias décadas de busca de alternativas para o controle seletivo do arroz-vermelho, desenvolveram-se genótipos de arroz tolerante a herbicida do grupo químico das imidazolinonas, o qual controla eficiente e seletivamente esta planta daninha. Para estudar e melhor entender esta tecnologia, conduziu-se dois experimentos em Santa Maria-RS no ano agrícola 2004/05. O primeiro experimento (Capítulo I) teve como objetivos: 1) avaliar a eficiência do controle de arroz-vermelho com o herbicida Only? (imazethapyr 75 g L-1 + imazapic 25 g L-1), 2) avaliar o residual do herbicida no solo através dos danos causados no azevém e em arroz não tolerante e 3) avaliar a taxa de ocorrência de cruzamento natural entre o arroz-vermelho e o arroz cultivado. O herbicida testado controla eficientemente o arroz-vermelho em arroz tolerante. Embora tenha-se observado fitotoxicidade, não houve redução na produtividade da cultivar tolerante. O estande inicial da cultivar IRGA 417 é afetado pelo residual do herbicida presente no solo. Ocorre cruzamento natural entre o arroz-vermelho e o arroz cultivado, sendo que a taxa de ocorrência obtida no experimento foi de 0,065%. O segundo experimento (Capítulo II) teve como objetivo avaliar o controle de arroz-vermelho e o desempenho de dois genótipos de arroz irrigado, IRGA 422 CL e Tuno CL, tolerantes a herbicidas do grupo das imidazolinonas a doses e épocas de aplicações do herbicida Only? , em áreas com alta infestação de arroz-vermelho. Constata-se que o híbrido é mais tolerante ao herbicida Only? , quando comparado à cultivar IRGA 422 CL, sendo possível a utilização de dose total de até 2,0 L ha-1 no híbrido, em áreas com alta infestação de arroz-vermelho, sem afetar a produtividade. O controle de arroz-vermelho é total com aplicação fracionada do herbicida em pré e pós-emergência (PRE + POS), desde que o total aplicado não seja inferior a 1,25 L ha-1. Esta condição é atendida pelo tratamento com 0,75 L ha-1 em PRE mais 0,5 L ha-1 em POS, o qual propicia a menor dose total dentre aqueles com 100% de controle, não afetando a produtividade e com fitotoxicidade semelhante ao tratamento com 1,0 L ha-1 em POS, utilizado como referência.
Books on the topic "Imidazolinone herbicides"
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L, Shaner Dale, and O'Connor Susan L, eds. The Imidazolinone herbicides. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1991.
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lling, Angela Marlene Do. Studies of interactions of some imidazolinone herbicides with clays. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1985.
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3
usler, Michael Johannes Ha. Studies of interactions of some imidazolinone herbicides with whole soils, oxyhydroxides and with natural and synthetic humic acids. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1986.
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Battaglin, William A. Concentration of selected sulfonylurea, sulfonamide, and imidazolinone herbicides, other pesticides, and nutrients in 71 streams, 5 reservoir outflows, and 25 wells in the midwestern United States, 1998. Denver, Colo: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2001.
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Shaner, Dale L., and Susan L. O'Connor. Imidazolinone Herbicides (1991). Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.
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Imidazolinone Herbicides (1991). Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.
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Shaner, Dale L., and Susan L. O'Connor. Imidazolinone Herbicides (1991). Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.
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Shaner, Dale L., and Susan L. O'Connor. Imidazolinone Herbicides (1991). Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.
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Shaner, Dale L., and Susan L. O'Connor. Imidazolinone Herbicides (1991). Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.
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The Imidazolinone Herbicides (1991). CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203709993.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Imidazolinone herbicides"
1
Shaner, Dale. "Imidazolinone Herbicides." In Bioactive Heterocyclic Compound Classes, 83–89. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527664412.ch7.
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Ladner, David W. "Recent Studies of Imidazolinone Herbicides and Related Compounds." In Chemistry of Plant Protection, 83–117. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79107-9_5.
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Finn, John, Dinah Bosley, Shirley Rodaway, and Laura Quakenbush. "Synthesis of Imidazolinone Herbicides with Reduced Soil Persistence." In ACS Symposium Series, 46–59. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1995-0584.ch005.
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Los, Marinus. "Anomalies and the Discovery of the Imidazolinone Herbicides." In ACS Symposium Series, 8–16. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1998-0686.ch002.
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Newhouse, K. E., D. L. Shaner, T. Wang, and R. Fincher. "Genetic Modification of Crop Responses to Imidazolinone Herbicides." In ACS Symposium Series, 474–81. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1990-0421.ch032.
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Shaner, Dale. "Pyridines Substituted by an Imidazolinone and a Carboxylic Acid as Acetohydroxyacid-Synthase-Inhibiting Herbicides." In Bioactive Carboxylic Compound Classes: Pharmaceuticals and Agrochemicals, 339–45. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527693931.ch25.
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Berkelhammer, Gerald. "The Discovery of the Imidazolinone Herbicides from the Perspective of a Discovery Chemistry Manager." In ACS Symposium Series, 17–22. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1998-0686.ch003.
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Steinheimer, T. R., R. L. Pfeiffer, K. D. Scoggin, and W. A. Battaglin. "Reconnaissance Survey of Sulfonamide, Sulfonylurea, and Imidazolinone Herbicides in Surface Streams and Groundwater of the Midwestern United States." In ACS Symposium Series, 248–71. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2000-0751.ch017.
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Shaner, Dale L., and Bijay K. Singh. "Why Are Imidazolinones Such Potent Herbicides." In ACS Symposium Series, 23–29. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1998-0686.ch004.
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Brady, Thomas M., Barrington Cross, Robert F. Doehner, John Finn, and David L. Ladner. "The Discovery of Imazamox, a New Broad-Spectrum Imidazolinone Herbicide." In ACS Symposium Series, 30–37. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1998-0686.ch005.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Imidazolinone herbicides"
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Mandrik-Litvinkovich, M. N., P. I. Orlovskaya, P. M. Kislushko, and E. I. Kalamiyets. "Microbial preparation for soil bioremediation and crop yield increase." In 2nd International Scientific Conference "Plants and Microbes: the Future of Biotechnology". PLAMIC2020 Organizing committee, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/plamic2020.161.
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A microbial preparation based on bacteria with enzymatic, antimicrobial and growth-stimulating activities effectively reduces residual amounts of herbicides of sulfonylurea series and imidazolinones and promotes productivity of agricultural crops.
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Kruglova, M. N., Y. A. Chugunova, A. A. Samkov, N. N. Volchenko, and A. A. Khudokormov. "Correlation between the diversity of xenobiotic catabolism genes in Rhodococcus and phytotoxicity of imidazolinone and organophosphate herbicide biotransformation products." In 2nd International Scientific Conference "Plants and Microbes: the Future of Biotechnology". PLAMIC2020 Organizing committee, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/plamic2020.131.
Full textAbstract:
Rhodococcus strains with a wide spectrum of catabolic genes, have provided a more marked reduction of toxicity of imidazolinone. In the case of glyphosate, the opposite strain-specific pattern is found.
Reports on the topic "Imidazolinone herbicides"
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Concentration of selected sulfonylurea, sulfonamide, and imidazolinone herbicides, other pesticides, and nutrients in 71 streams, 5 reservoir outflows, and 25 wells in the Midwestern United States, 1998. US Geological Survey, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri20004225.
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