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Journal articles on the topic 'Imidazo [4'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

Zhou, Qifan, Fangyu Du, Yajie Shi, Ting Fang, and Guoliang Chen. "Synthesis and Analysis of 1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-1H-Imidazol-2-Amine." Journal of Chemical Research 42, no. 12 (December 2018): 608–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/174751918x15414286606248.

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A practical synthetic route to an important pharmaceutical intermediate 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-amine, via a three-step sequence involving cyclisation, hydrolysis and methylation, is reported. In the process of optimisation, a novel chemical entity was isolated and confirmed to be 2,6-diphenyl-1H-imidazo[1,2-a]imidazole by MS, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. The scale-up experiment was carried out to provide 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-amine in 27.4% total yield.

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2

Balewski, Łukasz, Franciszek Sączewski, Patrick J. Bednarski, Lisa Wolff, Anna Nadworska, Maria Gdaniec, and Anita Kornicka. "Synthesis, Structure and Cytotoxicity Testing of Novel 7-(4,5-Dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2-aryl-6,7-dihydro-2H-imidazo[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazol-3(5H)-Imine Derivatives." Molecules 25, no. 24 (December 14, 2020): 5924. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25245924.

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The appropriate 1-arylhydrazinecarbonitriles 1a–c are subjected to the reaction with 2-chloro-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole (2), yielding 7-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2-aryl-6,7-dihydro-2H-imidazo[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazol-3(5H)-imines 3a–c, which are subsequently converted into the corresponding amides 4a–e, 8a–c, sulfonamides 5a–n, 9, ureas 6a–I, and thioureas 7a–d. The structures of the newly prepared derivatives 3a–c, 4a–e, 5a–n, 6a–i, 7a–d, 8a–c, and 9 are confirmed by IR, NMR spectroscopic data, as well as single-crystal X-ray analyses of 5e and 8c. The in vitro cytotoxic potency of these compounds is determined on a panel of human cancer cell lines, and the relationships between structure and antitumor activity are discussed. The most active 4-chloro-N-(2-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-6,7-dihydro-2H-imidazo[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazol-3(5H)-ylidene)benzamide (4e) and N-(7-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2-(p-tolyl)-6,7-dihydro-2H-imidazo[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazol-3(5H)-ylidene)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-sulfonamide (5l) inhibits the growth of the cervical cancer SISO and bladder cancer RT-112 cell lines with IC50 values in the range of 2.38–3.77 μM. Moreover, N-(7-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2-phenyl-6,7-dihydro-2H-imidazo[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazol-3(5H)-ylidene)-4-phenoxybenzenesulfonamide (5m) has the best selectivity towards the SISO cell line and induces apoptosis in this cell line.

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3

Demchenko, Sergii, Roman Lesyk, Oleh Yadlovskyi, Johannes Zuegg, Alysha G. Elliott, Iryna Drapak, Yuliia Fedchenkova, Zinaida Suvorova, and Anatolii Demchenko. "Synthesis, Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of New 3-Aryl-5H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]imidazole and 5H-Imidazo[1,2-a]azepine Quaternary Salts." Molecules 26, no. 14 (July 13, 2021): 4253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26144253.

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A series of novel 3-aryl-5H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]imidazole and 5H-imidazo[1,2-a]azepine quaternary salts were synthesized in 58–85% yields via the reaction of 3-aryl-6, 7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]imidazoles or 3-aryl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-imidazo[1,2-a]azepines and various alkylating reagents. All compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and LC-MS. The conducted screening studies of the in vitro antimicrobial activity of the new quaternary salts derivatives established that 15 of the 18 newly synthesized compounds show antibacterial and antifungal activity. Synthesized 3-(3,4-dichlorohenyl)-1-[(4-phenoxyphenylcarbamoyl)-methyl]-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]imidazol-1-ium chloride 6c possessed a broad activity spectrum towards Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Cryptococcus neoformans, with a high hemolytic activity against human red blood cells and cytotoxicity against HEK-293. However, compound 6c is characterized by a low in vivo toxicity in mice (LD50 > 2000 mg/kg).

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4

Prasad, Pratibha, Anirudhdha G. Kalola, and Manish P. Patel. "Microwave assisted one-pot synthetic route to imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine derivatives of imidazo/triazole clubbed pyrazole and their pharmacological screening." New Journal of Chemistry 42, no. 15 (2018): 12666–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nj00670a.

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An efficient synthetic microwave-assisted, one-pot three-component condensation route for imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine derivatives of imidazole 4/triazole 5 clubbed pyrazole catalysed by ecofriendly base KOH.

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5

Rahimizadeh, Mohammad, Mehdi Pordel, Mehdi Bakavoli, Shima Rezaeian, and Hossein Eshghi. "Synthesis of a new heterocyclic system — Fluoreno[1,2-d]imidazol-10-one." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 87, no. 6 (June 2009): 724–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v09-062.

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Synthesis of various substituted fluoreno[1,2-d]imidazol-10-ones (5a–5g) has been accomplished by the cyclization of diazotized 1-substituted 4-benzoyl-5- aminobenzimidazoles (4a–4g). Compounds 4a–4g were prepared by reductive ring opening of 3H-imidazo[4′,5′:3,4]benzo[c]isoxazoles (3a–3g) with zinc dust in EtOH/NaOH solution.

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6

Loubidi, M., C. Pillard, A. El Hakmaoui, P. Bernard, M. Akssira, and G. Guillaumet. "A new synthetic approach to the imidazo[1,5-a]imidazole-2-one scaffold and effective functionalization through Suzuki–Miyaura cross coupling reactions." RSC Advances 6, no. 9 (2016): 7229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra25520a.

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A pathway to new 7-bromo-1-(4-methoxybenzyl)-5-methyl-imidazo[1,5-a]imidazole-2-one was reported. The synthetic potential of this scaffold was demonstrated by displacing bromine by Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions.

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7

Jaberi, Hamid Reza, and Hadi Noorizadeh. "Synthesis of Some Novel Fused Imidazo [2, 1-b] [1, 3] Thiazole and Imidazo [2, 1-b] Thiazolo [5, 4-d] Isoxazole Derivatives." E-Journal of Chemistry 9, no. 3 (2012): 1518–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/896454.

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In this work we describe the synthesis of some novel fused imidazo [2, 1-b] [1, 3] thiazole derivatives. The reaction of 1, 2-diaminoethane 1 with carbon disulphide in H2O/ETOH as solvent furnishes 4, 5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-thiol 2 under reflux condition. the reaction of 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-thiol on treatment with ethylchloro acetate and aromatic aldehyde in presence of anhydrous sodium acetate and acetic acid as solvent to give (Z)-2-(arylidene)-5,6-dihydroimidazo [2,1-b] [1,3] thiazol-3(2H)-one 3a-j. Compounds 3a-j was condensed with hydroxylamine to give 3-(aryl)-2, 3, 6, 7-tetrahydroimidazo [2, 1-b] [1,3] thiazolo [5, 4-d] isoxazole 4a-j. The structures of the new compounds were established by elemental analyses, IR,1H NMR and13C NMR data.

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8

Abdulaeva, Inna A., Kirill P. Birin, Yulia G. Gorbunova, Aslan Yu Tsivadze, and Alla Bessmertnykh-Lemeune. "Post-synthetic methods for functionalization of imidazole-fused porphyrins." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 22, no. 08 (August 2018): 619–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424618500475.

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Several methods for the post-synthetic modification of imidazo[4,5-[Formula: see text]]porphyrins are reported. First, a synthetic approach to the isomeric difunctionalized porphyrins, containing two [Formula: see text]-fused 2-aryl-1[Formula: see text]-imidazole cycles at adjacent or opposite pyrrole rings of the macrocycle is developed. The core chemistry of this synthetic route is the transformation of 2-aryl-1[Formula: see text]-imidazo[4,5-[Formula: see text]]porphyrins into corresponding imidazodioxochlorins followed by Debus–Radziszewski condensation with aromatic aldehyde. Next, 2-(4-bromophenyl)-1[Formula: see text]-imidazo[4,5-[Formula: see text]]-5,10,15,20-tetramesitylporphyrin was transformed into useful carboxy- and phosphonato-substituted precursors for material chemistry according to palladium-catalyzed C–C and C–P bond forming reactions.

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9

Bunev, Alexander S., Elena V. Sukhonosova, Vladimir E. Statsyuk, Gennady I. Ostapenko, and Victor N. Khrustalev. "6-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-methylimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 69, no. 11 (October 26, 2013): o1701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536813028833.

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In the title compound, C12H9ClN2S, the imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole fragment is planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.003 Å), and the benzene ring is twisted slightly [by 5.65 (6)°] relative to this moiety. In the crystal, molecules are linked by π–π stacking interactions into columns along [010]. The molecules within the columns are arranged alternatively by their planar rotation of 180°. Thus, in the columns, there are the two types of π–π stacking interactions, namely, (i) between two imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole fragments [interplanar distance = 3.351 (2) Å] and (ii) between an imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole fragment and the phenyl ring [interplanar distance = 3.410 (5) Å]. There are no short contacts between the columns.

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10

Bourichi, Selma, Youssef Kandri Rodi, Tuncer Hökelek, Amal Haoudi, Catherine Renard, and Frédéric Capet. "Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of 4-allyl-6-bromo-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 75, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989018017322.

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The title compound, C15H11BrClN3, is built up from a planar imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine unit linked to phenyl and allyl substituents. The allyl substituent is rotated significantly out of the imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine plane, while the benzene ring is inclined by 3.84 (6)° to the ring system. In the crystal, molecules are linked via a pair of weak intermolecular C—H...N hydrogen bonds, forming an inversion dimer with an R 2 2(20) ring motif. The dimers are further connected by π–π stacking interactions between the imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine ring systems [centroid–centroid distances = 3.7161 (13) and 3.8478 (13) Å]. The important contributions to the Hirshfeld surface are H...H (35.9%), H...Cl/Cl...H (15.0%), H...C/C...H (12.4%), H...Br/Br...H (10.8%), H...N/N...H (7.5%), C...Br/Br...C (5.9%), C...C (5.5%) and C...N/N...C (4.0%) contacts.

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11

Zlatoidský, Pavol, Elisa Martinelli, Emil Svensson, and Alexis Pruvost. "A Facile Access to Novel (5+5) Annellated Heterocycles: Synthesis of a Furopyrrole, an Imidazoimidazole and a Pyrroloimidazole." Synthesis 51, no. 18 (June 25, 2019): 3491–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1689916.

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We describe the synthesis of an ethyl 3-aryl-6H-furo[2,3-b]pyrrole-5-carboxylate 2, a 5-aryl-1H-imidazo[1,2-a]imidazole 3, and an ethyl-1-aryl-1,4-dihydropyrrolo[2,3-d]imidazole-5-carboxylate 4 as new hinge-binding motifs for PI3K kinase inhibitors. A key reaction for the formation of 2 and 4 is the Hemmetsberger–Knittel cyclization of acryloazides. The core of 3 is accessible through reaction of an α-haloketone with 2-aminoimidazole.

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12

Devaru, Venkatesh B., M. Vinduvahini, M. Madaiah, H. D. Revanasiddappa, and H. C. Devarajegowda. "1-(6-Chloro-1-methyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-4-yl)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)urea." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 70, no. 2 (January 18, 2014): o155—o156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536814000695.

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In the title compound, C14H11Cl2N5O, the plane of the 1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine ring system [r.m.s. deviation = 0.087 (19) Å] makes a dihedral angle of 4.87 (10)° with the terminal phenyl ring. An intramolecular N—H...N hydrogen bond stabilizes the molecular conformation. In the crystal, N—H...O hydrogen bonds link the molecules into inversion dimers. These dimers are connected by π–π interactions between imidazole rings [shortest centroid–centroid distance = 3.4443 (14) Å].

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13

Barlin, Gordon B., Les P. Davies, and Peter W. Harrison. "Imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazines. XXI. Syntheses of some 3-Acylaminomethyl-6-(chloro and iodo)- 2-(substituted phenyl)-imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazines and -imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines and their Interaction with Central and Mitochondrial Benzodiazepine." Australian Journal of Chemistry 50, no. 1 (1997): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/c96130.

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A series of 3-acylaminomethyl-6-(chloro, iodo and methyl)-2-(phenyl, 4′-t-butylphenyl, 4′-cyclohexyl- phenyl, biphenyl-4′-yl, 4′-chlorophenyl and 4′-iodophenyl)imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazines and imidazo[1,2- a]pyridines has been prepared and examined for interaction with central and mitochondrial (peripheral- type) benzodiazepine receptors. The imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazines were generally more selective for the mitochondrial receptors than the corresponding imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines. Of these compounds, 3- acetamidomethyl-2-(biphenyl-4′-yl)-6-chloroimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine (9) proved to be the most selective in studies of the displacement of [3H]diazepam from peripheral-type and central benzodiazepine receptors (IC50 2·8 nM and 0% displacement at 1000 nM, respectively).

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14

Sowmya, A., G. N. Anil Kumar, Sujeet Kumar, and Subhas S. Karki. "The crystal structure of 6-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-methylbenzyl)imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole-5-carbaldehyde." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 72, no. 10 (September 23, 2016): 1460–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989016014754.

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In the title imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole derivative, C19H14ClN3OS, the 4-methylbenzyl and chlorophenyl rings are inclined to the planar imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole moiety (r.m.s. deviation = 0.012 Å) by 64.5 (1) and 3.7 (1)°, respectively. The molecular structure is primarily stabilized by a strong intramolecular C—H...O hydrogen bond, leading to the formation of a pseudo-seven-memberedS(7) ring motif, and a short intramolecular C—H...N contact forming anS(5) ring motif. In the crystal, molecules are linked by pairs of C—H...S hydrogen bonds, forming inversion dimers. The dimers are linked by C—H...O and C—H...π interactions, forming chains propagating along [110].

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15

Rakhmonov, R., Sh Sharipov, M. Odilzoda, B. Safarov, A. Kobilzoda, and A. Abdurakhmonov. "SYNTHESIS AND FUNCTIONALIZATION OF SOME PARA-R-PHENYLIMIDAZO[2,1-B][1,3,4]- THIADIAZOLE DERIVATIVES." East European Scientific Journal 1, no. 4(68) (May 14, 2021): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/essa.2782-1994.2021.1.68.15.

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The article describes the synthesis of new modifications of derivatives of 6-phenyl-, 6-piodophenyl- and 6-p-bromophenylimidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]-thiadiazoles - N -((6-(4-iodophenyl)-2-R-imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]-thiadiazol-5-yl)methyl)-alkyl/ heterylamine based on the Mannich reaction, bromination 2((ethylsulfonyl)methyl)-6-phenylimidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]-thiadiazole and the structure of the resulting compounds was established on the basis of IR spectroscopy. It was shown that the presence of substituents at the 2-nd position of the thiadiazole fragment and substituents at the 5th and 6th positions of the imidazole fragment of this heterocycle cause the appearance of a nonequivalent absorption band in the imidazo-thiadiazole fragment.

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16

Dhanalakshmi, G., Mala Ramanjaneyulu, Sathiah Thennarasu, and S. Aravindhan. "Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of two imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives: N-tert-butyl-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-amine and N-tert-butyl-2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-amine." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 74, no. 12 (November 30, 2018): 1913–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989018016651.

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In the title imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives, N-tert-butyl-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-amine, C19H23N3O, (I), and N-tert-butyl-2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-amine, C19H24N4, (II), the 4-methoxyphenyl ring in (I) and the 4-(dimethylamino)phenyl ring in (II) are inclined to the respective imidazole rings by 26.69 (9) and 31.35 (10)°. In the crystal of (I), molecules are linked by N—H...N hydrogen bonds, forming chains propagating along the [001] direction. The chains are linked by C—H...π interactions, forming layers parallel to the (010) plane. In (II), the crystal packing also features N—H...N hydrogen bonds, which together with C—H...N hydrogen bonds link molecules to form chains propagating along the c-axis direction. The chains are linked by C—H...π interactions to form layers parallel to the (100) plane. Inversion-related layers are linked by offset π–π interactions [intercentroid distance = 3.577 (1) Å]. The intermolecular interactions of both compounds were analyzed using Hirshfeld surface analysis and two-dimensional fingerprint plots.

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17

Wang, Zhong-Ming, Yong-Mei Hao, Jian-Zhong Liu, and Lian-Nian Ji. "2’-(3’’,4’’-Methylenedioxyphenyl)imidazo[4’,5’-f]1,10-phenanthroline." Molbank 2002, no. 1 (February 20, 2003): M286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/m286.

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18

Veltri, Lucia, Bartolo Gabriele, Raffaella Mancuso, Patrizio Russo, Giuseppe Grasso, Corrado Cuocci, and Roberto Romeo. "Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylative Synthesis of Functionalized Benzimidazopyrimidinones." Synthesis 50, no. 02 (November 23, 2017): 267–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1591835.

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A new and convenient approach to functionalized benzimidazopyrimidinones is reported. It is based on a two-step procedure starting from readily available 1-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-amines, consisting of a multicomponent palladium-catalyzed oxidative cyclocarbonylation–alkoxycarbonylation process, followed by base-promoted isomerization of the initially formed mixture of isomeric carbonylated products. Fair to good overall yields of the final alkyl 2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydrobenzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-3-yl)acetates are obtained, using different alcohols as solvent and nucleophile in the carbonylation step (carried out in the presence of 0.33–1 mol% PdI2 in conjunction with 17–50 mol% KI, at 100 °C and under 20 atm of a 4:1 mixture of CO–air) and the corresponding sodium alkoxide as base in the subsequent isomerization step (carried out in the alcoholic solvent at room temperature). The structures of a representative substrate [N-benzyl-1-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-amine] and a representative product [methyl 2-(1-isopentyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydrobenzo-[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-3-yl)acetate] were confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis.

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19

Banu, Afshan, Noor Shahina Begum, Ravi S. Lamani, and I. M. Khazi. "6-(4-Bromophenyl)-2-(4-fluorobenzyl)imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 67, no. 4 (March 5, 2011): o779. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536811007343.

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20

Lamberth, Clemens. "Synthesis of 4-substituted imidazo[1,2-a]quinoxalines." Journal für praktische Chemie 341, no. 5 (July 1999): 492–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-3897(199907)341:5<492::aid-prac492>3.0.co;2-z.

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21

Kruglenko, V. P., V. A. Idzikovskii, N. N. Kobets, and M. V. Povstyanoi. "Condensed imidazo-1,2,4-azines 22. Alkylation of 5H-imidazo[1,2-b]-1,2,4-triazepin-4-ones." Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds 26, no. 2 (February 1990): 201–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00499416.

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22

Yutilov, Yu M., and A. G. Ignatenko. "Quaternization of 1H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine and 4-methyl-4H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine." Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds 30, no. 9 (September 1994): 1067–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01171166.

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23

Behera, Santosh Kumar, and G. Krishnamoorthy. "Perturbation of cationic equilibrium by cucurbit-7-uril." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 19, no. 29 (2017): 19234–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp03583g.

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The effect of cucurbit-7-uril (CB-7) on a catonic mixture with the same charge has been investigated by studying monocationic mixtures of 2-(4′-N,N-dimethylaminophenyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (DMAPIP-b) and 2-(4′-N,N-dimethylaminophenyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine (DMAPIP-c).

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24

Barlin, GB, LP Davies, B. Glenn, PW Harrison, and SJ Ireland. "Imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazines. XV. Synthesis and Anxiolytic Activity of Some 3-(Benzamidomethyl and fluorobenzamidomethyl)-6-(fluoro, chloro and methylthio)-2-(4-tolyl and 3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazines." Australian Journal of Chemistry 47, no. 4 (1994): 609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9940609.

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Syntheses are reported for some 3-( benzamido-and fluorobenzamido -methyl)-6-( fluoro , chloro and methylthio )-2(4-methyl-, 4-t-butyl-, 4-cyclohexyl- and 3,4-methylenedioxy-phenyl) imidazo-[1,2-b] pyridazines from the relevant 3-unsubstituted imidazo [1,2-b] pyridazines and the N-( hydroxymethyl ) benzamides. In tests of the ability of these compounds to displace [3H]diazepam from rat brain membrane, 3-(3- or 4-fluorobenzamidomethyl)-2-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-6-methylthioimidazo[1,2-b]- pyridazine bound most strongly, with IC50 2nM; but in behavioural tests in rats the most active compounds were 6-chloro(and methylthio )-3-(2-fluorobenzamidomethyl)-2-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl) imidazo [1,2-b] pyridazines which showed a significant anxiolytic activity at 2.5 mg/kg.

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25

Hannah, Duncan R., and Malcolm F. G. Stevens. "Structural Studies on Bioactive Compounds. Part 38.1 Reactions of 5-Aminoimidazole-4-Carboxamide: Synthesis of Imidazo[1,5-a]Quinazoline-3-Carboxamides." Journal of Chemical Research 2003, no. 7 (July 2003): 398–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/030823403103174533.

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5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide reacts with aromatic aldehydes to afford Schiff bases which can be cyclised to imidazo[1,5- a]quinazoline-3-carboxamides in DMF/sodium hydride. The potassium salt of imidazo[1,5- a]quinazoline-3-carboxylic acid undergoes deuterium exchange in D2O at the 1-position.

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26

Bunev, Alexander S., Elena V. Sukhonosova, Vladimir E. Statsyuk, Gennady I. Ostapenko, and Victor N. Khrustalev. "3-Bromo-2-[4-(methylsulfanyl)phenyl]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,3-benzothiazolo[3,2-a]imidazole." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 70, no. 5 (April 26, 2014): o596—o597. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536814008976.

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In the title molecule, C16H15BrN2S2, the central imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole fragment is almost planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.012 Å), and the fused 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobenzene ring adopts an unsymmetrical half-chair conformation. The dihedral angle between the imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole and benzene planes is 18.25 (4)°. The terminal methylsulfanyl substituent lies practically within the benzene plane [the dihedral angle between the corresponding planes is 7.20 (10)°] and is turned toward the C—Br bond. In the crystal, molecules form infinite chains along [100]viasecondary Br...N interactions [3.1861 (16) Å]. The chains are arranged at van der Waals distances.

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27

O’Neill, Luke, Laura Perdisatt, and Christine O’Connor. "Structure-Property Relationships for a Series of Ruthenium(II) Polypyridyl Complexes Elucidated through Raman Spectroscopy." Journal of Spectroscopy 2018 (November 1, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3827130.

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A series of ruthenium polypyridyl complexes were studied using Raman spectroscopy supported by UV/Vis absorption, luminescence spectroscopy, and luminescence lifetime determination by time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC). The complexes were characterised to determine the influence of the variation of the conjugation across the main polypyridyl ligand. The systematic and sequential variation of the main polypyridyl ligand, 2-(4-formylphenyl)imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline (FPIP), 2-(4-cyanophenyl)imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline (CPIP), 2-(4-bromophenyl)imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline (BPIP), and 2-(4-nitrophenyl)imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline (NPIP) ligands, allowed the monitoring of very small changes in the ligands electronic nature. Complexes containing a systematic variation of the position (para, meta, and ortho) of the nitrile terminal group on the ligand (the para being 2-(4-cyanophenyl)imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline (p-CPIP), the meta 2-(3-cyanophenyl)imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline (m-CPIP) and 2-(2-cyanophenyl)imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline (o-CPIP)) were also characterised. Absorption, emission characteristics, and luminescence yields were calculated and correlated with structural variation. It was found that both the electronic changes in the aforementioned ligands showed very small spectral changes with an accompanying complex relationship when examined with traditional electronic methods. Stokes shift and Raman spectroscopy were then employed as a means to directly gauge the effect of polypyridyl ligand change on the conjugation and vibrational characteristics of the complexes. Vibrational coherence as measured as a function of the shifted frequency of the imizodale bridge was shown to accurately describe the electronic coherence and hence vibrational cooperation from the ruthenium centre to the main polypyridyl ligand. The well-defined trends established and elucidated though Raman spectroscopy show that the variation of the polypyridyl ligand can be monitored and tailored. This allows for a greater understanding of the electronic and excited state characteristics of the ruthenium systems when traditional electronic spectroscopy lacks the sensitivity.

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28

Tan, Li-Feng, Hui Chao, Xiang-Li Wang, and Liang-Nian Ji. "2’-(3’’,4’’-Methylenedioxyphenyl)-imidazo[4’,5’-f]-2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline." Molbank 2004, no. 1 (February 24, 2004): M375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/m375.

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29

Praveen, Aletti S., Hemmige S. Yathirajan, Manpreet Kaur, Badiadka Narayana, Eric C. Hosten, Richard Betz, and Christopher Glidewell. "Different patterns of supramolecular assembly in constitutionally similar 6-arylimidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazoles." Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 70, no. 9 (August 28, 2014): 920–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053229614018762.

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Four imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazoles containing a simply-substituted 6-aryl group have been synthesized by reaction of 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazoles with bromoacetylarenes using microwave irradiation and brief reaction times. 6-(2-Chlorophenyl)imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole, C10H6ClN3S, (I), 6-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-methylimidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole, C11H8ClN3S, (II), 6-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole, C10H5Cl2N3S, (III), and 6-(4-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-methylimidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole, C12H10FN3OS, (IV), crystallize withZ′ values of 2, 1, 1 and 2 respectively. The molecular skeletons are all nearly planar and the dihedral angles between the imidazole and aryl rings are 1.51 (8) and 7.28 (8)° in (I), 9.65 (7)° in (II), 10.44 (8)° in (III), and 1.05 (8) and 7.21 (8)° in (IV). The molecules in (I) are linked by three independent C—H...N hydrogen bonds to form ribbons containing alternatingR22(8) andR44(18) rings, and these ribbons are linked into a three-dimensional array by three independent π-stacking interactions. Both (II) and (III) contain centrosymmetric dimers formed by π-stacking interactions but hydrogen bonds are absent, and the molecules of (IV) are linked into centrosymmetricR22(8) dimers by C—H...N hydrogen bonds. Comparisons are made with a number of related compounds.

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30

Kandimalla, Satheeshkumar Reddy, and Gowravaram Sabitha. "Correction: Metal-free C–N bond formations: one-pot synthesis of pyrido[2′,1′:2,3]imidazo[4,5-c]cinnolines, benzo[4′,5′]thiazolo- and thiazolo[2′,3′:2,3]imidazo[4,5-c]cinnolines." RSC Advances 6, no. 75 (2016): 70732. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra90062c.

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Correction for ‘Metal-free C–N bond formations: one-pot synthesis of pyrido[2′,1′:2,3]imidazo[4,5-c]cinnolines, benzo[4′,5′]thiazolo- and thiazolo[2′,3′:2,3]imidazo[4,5-c]cinnolines’ by Satheeshkumar Reddy Kandimalla et al., RSC Adv., 2016, 6, 67086–67095.

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31

Loh, Wan-Sin, Hoong-Kun Fun, Reshma Kayarmar, S. Viveka, and G. K. Nagaraja. "4-Hydrazinyl-1-isobutyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 67, no. 2 (January 15, 2011): o406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536811001553.

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32

Wang, Ling-Ling, Ming-Liang Ma, Xiao-Hong Shen, and Shi-Guo Zhao. "6-Chloro-2-(4-fluorophenyl)imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 61, no. 12 (November 10, 2005): o4030—o4031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536805035920.

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33

Fun, Hoong-Kun, Wan-Sin Loh, Dinesha, Reshma Kayarmar, and G. K. Nagaraja. "1-Isobutyl-4-methoxy-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 67, no. 9 (August 11, 2011): o2331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536811031801.

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34

Li, Yun-Hui, Wen-Yu Liu, Yang Gao, and Yu-Peng Wang. "2-(4-Chlorophenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carbaldehyde." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 65, no. 12 (November 25, 2009): o3192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536809048302.

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35

Ma, Ling, Liping Lu, and Miaoli Zhu. "2-(4-Methylphenyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 67, no. 4 (March 12, 2011): o864—o865. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536811008853.

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36

Duan, Gui-Yun, Chang-Bing Tu, Ya-Wei Sun, Da-Tong Zhang, and Jian-Wu Wang. "2-(3-Bromo-4-methoxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 62, no. 3 (February 24, 2006): o1141—o1142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536806005836.

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37

Glushkov, R. G., N. K. Davydova, and N. B. Marchenko. "Synthesis of 4-methyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline." Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds 25, no. 2 (February 1989): 189–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00479915.

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38

Barlin, GB, LP Davies, SJ Ireland, and JK Zhang. "Imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazines. XIV. Syntheses and Central Nervous System Activities of Some 6-(Methoxy-, dimethoxy-, methylenedioxy-, chloro- and fluoro-)-3-alkoxy-2-phenyl(and substituted phenyl)imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazines." Australian Journal of Chemistry 46, no. 3 (1993): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9930353.

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Syntheses are reported for 28 new 3-alkoxy-6-(3′-methoxy-,3′,4′-dimethoxy, 3′,4′-methylene-dioxy-, 2′- and 4′-chloro- and 4′-fluoro-benzylamino)-2-phenyl(and substituted phenyl) imidazo -[1,2-b] pyridazines from the corresponding 6-substituted pyridazin-3-amine 2-oxides with α- bromoacetophenones, followed by alkylation of the intermediate 3-hydroxyimidazo[1,2-b] pyridazines. In tests of the ability of these compounds to displace [3H]diazepam from rat brain membrane, 3-(2′-ethoxyethoxy)-6(3′-methoxybenzylamino)-2-phenyl- and 6(3′,4′-methylenedioxybenzylamino )-2-(3″,4″-methylenedioxyphenyl)-3-methoxy-imidazo[1,2-b] pyridazine bound most strongly, with IC50 values of 1nM.

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39

Alajarin, Ramón, Juan J. Vaquero, Julio Alvarez-Builla, Miguel Fau de Casa-Juana, Carlos Sunkel, Jaime G. Priego, Pilar Gomez-Sal, and Rosario Torres. "Imidazo[1,5-a]pyrimidine and benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine derivatives as calcium antagonists." Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 2, no. 5 (May 1994): 323–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0968-0896(00)82188-4.

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40

Loh, Wan-Sin, Hoong-Kun Fun, Reshma Kayarmar, S. Viveka, and G. K. Nagaraja. "4-Chlorobenzaldehyde (1-isobutyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-yl)hydrazone monohydrate." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 67, no. 2 (January 15, 2011): o407—o408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536811001577.

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41

Kundapur, Umesha, Balladka Kunhanna Sarojini, and Badiadka Narayana. "2-(4-Fluoro-3-nitrophenyl)-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)imidazo[2,1-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazole." Molbank 2012, no. 4 (September 25, 2012): M778. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/m778.

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42

Ouzidan, Y., Y. Kandri Rodi, S. Obbade, El Mokhtar Essassi, and Seik Weng Ng. "4-Benzyl-6-bromo-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine monohydrate." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 66, no. 4 (March 27, 2010): o947. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536810010391.

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43

Böhm, Stanislav, Tomáš Strnad, Iveta Ruppertová, and Josef Kuthan. "Sterically Crowded Heterocycles. IX. New α,β-Unsaturated Ketones Containing Imidazo[1,2-a]quinoline, Imidazo[2,1-a]isoquinoline, Benzo[h]imidazo[1,2-a]quinoline and Imidazo[1,2-a]-1,10-phenanthroline Moieties." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 62, no. 10 (1997): 1599–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19971599.

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(Z)-1,3-Diphenyl-3-(2-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]heteroaryl)prop-2-en-1-ones 2-6 and isomeric [1-heteroaryl-3,5-diphenylpyrrol-2-yl]phenylmethanones 17-20 were prepared by the ferricyanide oxidation of quaternary pyridinium salts 12-16. Axial chirality and helicity of the molecules of 4 and 6 are discussed using various energy data obtained by the quantum chemical PM3 method.

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44

Kubík, Richard, Stanislav Böhm, Iveta Ruppertová, and Josef Kuthan. "Sterically Crowded Heterocycles. III. A General Approach to Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines by Ferricyanide Oxidation of Quaternary Pyridinium Salts." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 61, no. 1 (1996): 126–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19960126.

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Substituted 1-(pyridin-2-yl)-2,4,6-triphenylpyridinium perchlorates 1b-1e were converted with potassium ferricyanide and potassium hydroxide to sterically crowded 2-phenyl-3-[(Z)-1,3-diphenyl-3-oxopropenyl]imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines 2b-2e accompanied by minor isomeric 2-benzoyl-3,5-diphenyl-1-(pyridin-2-yl)pyrroles 3c-3e. 4-Phenyl-2,6-di(4-substituted phenyl)-1-(pyridin-2-yl)pyridinium salts 4a, 4b gave exclusively corresponding imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines 5a, 5b while the ferricyanide oxidation of 1-(5-iodo- and 5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-2,4,6-triphenylpyridinium perchlorates 6a, 6b led to mixtures of major imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines 7a-7c and minor pyrroles 8a-8c. Some mechanistic aspects of the oxidation procedure are discussed in connection with a resistance of 2,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-trimethylpyridinium perchlorate (9c) towards the oxidizing agents.

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45

Zahra, Jalal A., Raed A. Al-Qawasmeh, Mustafa M. El-Abadelah, Mohammed M. Abadleh, Franca Zani, Matteo Incerti, Paola Vicini, and Wolfgang Voelter. "Heterocycles [h]-fused to 4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid. Part XI: Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 4-fluoro-6-oxoimidazo[4,5-h]quinoline-7-carboxylic acids." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 71, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2015-0126.

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AbstractA series of 2-hetaryl-4-fluoro-9-cyclopropyl-6-oxo-1H-imidazo[4,5-h]quinoline-7-carboxylic esters (3a–f) and their corresponding acids 4a–f have been prepared via microwave-assisted cyclocondensation reaction with some hetarene carboxaldehydes. The structures for these new esters and acids are based on spectral (IR, MS, and NMR) data. The in vitro antimicrobial assay of 4a–f hetaryl derivatives, their aryl analogues 1d–g, and the imidazo-unsubstituted acid 1a showed that all of these tricyclic heterocycles possess a good level of antibacterial activity. Among them, compound 1a exhibited the highest effect against both, Gram-positive (minimum inhibitory concentrations [MICs] 0.15–3.0 μg mL–1) and Gram-negative bacteria (MICs 0.7–3.0 μg mL–1). An excellent activity was recorded also for the halo-phenyl derivatives 1f,g and for the furan derivatives 4e,f, especially toward Gram-positive strains and Bacillus subtilis and Haemophilus influenzae, respectively.

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46

Demjén, András, Márió Gyuris, János Wölfling, László G. Puskás, and Iván Kanizsai. "Facile synthesis of 1H-imidazo[1,2-b]pyrazoles via a sequential one-pot synthetic approach." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 10 (October 8, 2014): 2338–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.10.243.

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5-Aminopyrazole-4-carbonitrile and ethyl 5-aminopyrazole-4-carboxylate, as potential trifunctional building blocks are introduced in a facile, chemo- and regioselective multicomponent assembly of imidazo[1,2-b]pyrazoles via the Groebke–Blackburn–Bienaymé reaction (GBB reaction). Besides the synthetic elaboration of a green-compatible isocyanide-based access in three-component mode, we describe an operationally simple, one-pot two-step GBB protocol for the rapid construction of a 46 membered imidazo[1,2-b]pyrazole library with yields up to 83%.

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47

Barlin, GB. "Imidazo[1,2-B]Pyridazines. I. Some 3-Alkoxy-6-Halogeno-2-Phenyl-(and 4′-Substituted Phenyl)Imidazo[1,2-B]Pyridazines and 3-Methoxy-2,6-Diphenylimidazo[1,2-B]Pyridazine." Australian Journal of Chemistry 39, no. 11 (1986): 1803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9861803.

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A series of 3-alkoxy-6-halogeno-2-phenyl(and 4′-substituted phenyl) imidazo [1,2-b] pyridazines (1) and 3-methoxy-2,6- diphenylimidazo [1,2-b] pyridazine have been prepared from the relevant pyridazin-3-amines and arylglyoxals, followed by O- alkylation of the corresponding imidazo [1,2-b]pyridazin-3(5H)-ones with diazoalkanes. 6- Chloro-3-methoxy-2-phenylimidazo[2,1-a] phthal-azine was prepared similarly.

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48

Burger, Klaus, Eva Höß, Norbert Sewald, Klaus Geith, Jürgen Riede, and Peter Bissinger. "Zum Cycloadditionsverhalten von 5-Azido-4-trifluormethyl-1,3-azolen / Cycloaddition Reactions with 5-Azido-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-azoles." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 45, no. 12 (December 1, 1990): 1695–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1990-1217.

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[3+2] Cycloaddition reactions of 5-azido-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-azoles with various CC multiple bond systems are described. On reaction of 5-azido-4-trifluoromethylthiazoles 2 with 2,3-dimethylbuta-1,3-diene no [3+2] cycloaddition products could be isolated, 5,6-dihydro-2 H-pyrane 19 was formed exclusively. Photolysis of 1,2,3-triazoles 23, 24, obtained from 2 and electron deficient alkynes, yields imidazo[5,1-b]thiazoles 28. This photoreaction can be interpreted mechanistically as a “Thio-Cornforth-Reaction”.

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49

Schmitt, Martine, Jean-Jacques Bourguignon, Gordon B. Barlin, and Les P. Davies. "Imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazines. XXIII Some 5-Deaza Analogues. Syntheses of Some 2-Aryl-6-(chloro, methoxy or unsubstituted)-3- (variously substituted)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines and Their Affinity for Central and Mitochondrial Benzodiazepine Receptor." Australian Journal of Chemistry 50, no. 7 (1997): 719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/c97004.

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The syntheses of ethyl {2′-aryl-6′-(chloro, methoxy and unsubstituted)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3′-yl}-2- (acylamino, acetoxy and hydroxy)acetates, 3-benzamidomethyl-2-benzoyl-6-(chloro and methoxy)imidazo-[1,2-a]pyridines, 3-amino-6-chloro-2-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine and ethyl 2-(2′-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3′-yl)acetate are reported. The ability of these compounds to displace [3H]diazepam from central and mitochondrial (peripheral-type) benzodiazepine receptors has been examined. Ethyl 2-benzamido-2-{6′-chloro-2′-(4′′-chlorophenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3′-yl} acetate (21) was selective for peripheral-type receptors (IC5013 nM) but none bound strongly to central receptors.

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50

Duan, Gui-Yun, Yu-Juan Zhang, and Ben-Qian Hao. "Ethyl 8-(4-nitrophenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-7-carboxylate." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 66, no. 12 (November 24, 2010): o3272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536810047938.

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