Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Imagined sites'
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Latimer, Christine. "The invisible view betwixt and between : exegesis submitted in partial fulfilment of requirements for the degree of Masters of Art & Design, AUT University, November, 2008." Click here to access this resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/456.
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This thesis explores the idea of a liminal space, as being dreamlike, suspended in time and physically unlocatable. It questions and exploits the boundary between abstraction and figuration in painting. This investigation has been considered from a subjective viewpoint allowing a distancing of space to illuminate new perceptions and experiences through the language of painting. The project has sought to explore the relationship between the natural world and seeing, to deepen and emphasize the other worldliness of an in-between space. This third space has been evoked by a process of abstracting pictorial content, juxtaposition of elements, colour and composition. The thesis is constituted of practice-based 80%, accompanied by an exegesis 20%.
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Park, Adam C. "Performing as mapping : an examination of the role of site-specific performance practice as a methodology to map and/or re-imagine sites of urban regeneration." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/7718/.
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This thesis is a practice-led enquiry that examines the role of site-specific performance as a methodology or set of tools to ‘map’ sites of urban regeneration, and thus seeks to build further links between performance and the spatial practices of architecture and urbanism. Performativity has emerged as an important critical concept across a range of social and spatial fields - as a way understanding of how personal and place identities are continuously (re)created through everyday performance. Meanwhile, practitioners and researchers have become increasingly interested in creating, documenting, and theorising models of theatre and performance that engage with sites and communities outside of the gallery or auditorium. The thesis traces the emergence of ‘site-specific’ performances as ‘more-than-representational’ cartographies - from the early experiments of the Situationist International and the ‘Happenings’, through everyday practices of walking and navigating cities, to emerging technological and ‘locative’ performance models. The definition of what constitutes (a) ‘site’ is tested by locating these practices within the broader participatory and relational ‘turns’ in contemporary art. While this ‘expansion’ has opened up opportunities for site-specific performance-makers to operate within spheres such as community engagement, wider concerns are raised by the rhetoric of ‘community empowerment’ and the instrumentalisation of creative practice by political and commissioning institutions. Keeping these issues in mind, this research builds upon Jane Rendell's call for the field of architecture and urbanism to embrace methods from public art and performance in order to operate as ‘critical spatial practices’. The thesis constructs an argument for the role of site-specific performance in articulating contested histories, claims, and potentials of the site. This proposition is explored through three case studies, including empirical and practice-based research with performance makers in complex and contested sites in northern England. This is supported by a survey of contemporary performance practices that directly address themes and sites of urban regeneration. Using the twin lenses of mapping and participation, the thesis demonstrates how performance(s) can articulate the multiplicity of stories, experiences, and potentials in marginalised or ‘interstitial’ urban sites. By introducing other agencies and temporalities to the site (‘gathering and showing’), site-specific practices have been shown to challenge dominant narratives and unsettle the stable or singular representations of places perpetuated by professional frameworks of urban development and regeneration.
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Huber, Florian Gerhard. "Site-Resolved Imaging with the Fermi Gas Microscope." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11595.
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The recent development of quantum gas microscopy for bosonic rubidium atoms trapped in optical lattices has made it possible to study local structure and correlations in quantum many-body systems.Physics
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Levenderis, Leandra Paula Rosa. "Site Specific Opera : a Re-imagined Magic Flute as a Catalyst to the Narration of Fort Daspoortrand Heritage." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/63627.
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With the current upsurge of a technological era, there is an underlying global threat to the cultural development of theatre, especially opera. Therefore, there is a need for a paradigm shift that will re-imagine and transcend opera into the 21st century.
Site-specific opera merges the potential of theatrical entertainment and the value of an existing site. Both the location and the performance have the ability to remove the audience from their lives and submerge them in a fantasy or created reality. With the focal approach being the interpretation of the Magic Flute Opera at a site-specific location, a concept of cultural heritage awareness is revealed. With this in mind, the preservation extends into a consideration of the existing site. The site, Fort Daspoortrand, is currently in a state of physical degradation, and the decay of heritage and cultural fabric is prominent. Thus, the potential for preservation and cultural celebration arises.
It is proposed that through a site-specific opera performance of William Kentridge’s adaptation of The Magic Flute by Mozart, a sense of wareness can be created for both the site and a South African interpretation of opera. The opera will catalyse the awareness of the site, and the scenography will act as a vehicle to bring site and opera together in a visual and spatial experience. Through the merging of opera and site, the heritage and cultural significance of both entities will be explored, allowing the opportunity for life to be breathed back into both the fort and opera in general.
The design intention of this project is to bring awareness to the existing fabric of the site, as well as the dramatic opportunities that the site naturally presents. In this way, the physical and cultural decay of both Fort Daspoortrand and opera are brought to the public’s attention. The intention in this creation of site awareness is to promote an afterlife for the site, by exposing its character in an attempt to ignite future development at the site once the opera has finished. Through combining opera and site, the audience will be exposed to the beauty of the site and the cultural richness of opera simultaneously. The temporary design intervention aims to strategically link the themes of The Magic Flute with the characteristics of the site to explore the relationship between narrative, fort and opera. Emphasis is placed on how to take the audience on a winding and intertwining journey of the site during the performance of the opera adaptation. The fluidity and natural progression of the audience through the site will ultimately create a reflective and emotive understanding of The Magic Flute’s theme of the journey from darkness to light.Mini-dissertation Mint(Prof)--University of Pretoria, 2018.
Architecture
MInt(Prof)
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Held, Christoph. "Creating 3D models of cultural heritage sites with terrestrial laser scanning and 3D imaging." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12076.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.
The advent of terrestrial laser-scanners made the digital preservation of cultural heritage sites an affordable technique to produce accurate and detailed 3D-computermodel representations for any kind of 3D-objects, such as buildings, infrastructure, and even entire landscapes. However, one of the key issues with this technique is the large amount of recorded points; a problem which was even more intensified by the recent advances in laser-scanning technology, which increased the data acquisition rate from 25 thousand to 1 million points per second. The following research presents a workflow for the processing of large-volume laser-scanning data, with a special focus on the needs of the Zamani initiative. The research project, based at the University of Cape Town, spatially documents African Cultural Heritage sites and Landscapes and produces meshed 3D models, of various, historically important objects, such as fortresses, mosques, churches, castles, palaces, rock art shelters, statues, stelae and even landscapes.
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Fahringer, Peter E. "Geophysical investigations of near-surface mine sites in northern West Virginia." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1087.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 1999.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 130 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 128-130).
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Papachristou, Maria, George Kastis, Petros Stavrou, Stavros Xanthopoulos, Lars Furenlid, Ioannis Datseris, and Penelope Bouziotis. "Radiolabeled methotrexate as a diagnostic agent of inflammatory target sites: A proof-of-concept study." SPANDIDOS PUBL LTD, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626570.
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Methotrexate (MTX), as a pharmaceutical, is frequently used in tumor chemotherapy and is also a part of the established treatment of a number of autoimmune inflammatory disorders. Radiolabeled MTX has been studied as a tumor-diagnostic agent in a number of published studies. In the present study, the potential use of technetium-99m-labelled MTX (Tc-99m-MTX) as a radiotracer was investigated for the identification of inflammatory target sites. The labelling of MTX was carried out via a Tc-99m-gluconate precursor. Evaluation studies included in vitro stability, plasma protein binding assessment, partition-coefficient estimation, in vivo scintigraphic imaging and ex vivo animal experiments in an animal inflammation model. MTX was successfully labelled with Tc-99m, with a radiochemical purity of >95%. Stability was assessed in plasma, where it remained intact up to 85% at 4 h post-incubation, while protein binding of the radiotracer was observed to be similar to 50% at 4 h. These preclinical ex vivo and in vivo studies indicated that Tc-99m-MTX accumulates in inflamed tissue, as well as in the spinal cord, joints and bones; all areas with relatively high remodeling activity. The results are promising, and set the stage for further work on the development and application of Tc-99m-MTX as a radiotracer for inflammation associated with rheumatoid arthritis.
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Connell, John J. "Selective permeabilisation of the blood-brain barrier at sites of metastasis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8c027208-8ea6-4de4-be78-ccead5121509.
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Over one in five cancer patients will develop brain metastases and prognosis remains poor. Effective chemotherapeutics for primary systemic tumours have limited access to brain metastases owing to the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The aim of this study was to develop a strategy for specifically permeabilising the BBB at sites of cerebral metastases. Tumour necrosis factor was injected intravenously into mouse models of haematogenously induced brain metastasis. BBB permeability was assessed through histology and in vivo MRI and SPECT. Tumour burden and neuroinflammation were assessed after injection of TNF with Caelyx or a novel therapeutic. Mechanism of permeabilisation was investigated through histology and receptor-specific agonist antibodies. Administration of TNF dose-dependently permeabilised the BBB to exogenous tracers selectively at sites of brain metastasis, with peak effect after six hours. Metastasis-specific uptake of radiolabelled trastuzumab was also demonstrated following systemic cytokine administration. Administration of liposomal doxorubicin formulations in conjunction with TNF reduced tumour burden and mean metastasis size. Localised expression of TNFR1 was evident on the vascular endothelium associated with brain metastases. Human brain metastases displayed a similar TNF receptor profile compared to the mouse model. These findings describe a new approach to selectively permeabilise the BBB at sites of brain metastases, thereby enabling detection of currently invisible micrometastases and facilitating tumour-specific access of chemotherapeutic agents. We hypothesize that this permeabilisation works primarily though TNFR1 activation and, owing to the similar TNFR1 expression profiles in mouse models and human condition, the strategy has the potential for clinical translation.
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Tickhill, Justin David. "The Virtual Pig Head: Digital Imaging in Cephalic Anatomy." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1187634238.
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Soebbing, Samantha Lynn. "Incorporation of histidine-rich metal-binding sites onto small protein scaffolds implications for imaging, therapeutics, and catalysis /." Diss., University of Iowa, 2008. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/37.
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Sun, Ruixue. "Near Surface High Resolution Seismic Imaging of Glacial Deposits in Sweden at the Heby and Marsta Sites." Licentiate thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-417104.
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Near surface seismic methods have the potential for mapping theoverburden and bedrock in the Nordic environment. They can provideeffective information about shallow glacial deposits and groundwaterresources in Sweden. We analysed seismic data from the Heby andMarsta sites with the aim of improving the imaging resolution andunderstanding the substructures better, developing systematicstrategies to deal with the detection of aquifers and the delineation ofsome significant boundaries. The general scheme for every case studyis composed of processing, inversion and forward modelling.Processing strategies for the Heby and Marsta have different keypoints, because of the different acquisition equipment and systems.The Heby data were acquired by dynamite and collected withconventional geophones, while the Marsta data were acquired by asledge hammer source and a 3C data landstreamer with MEMSsensors. Inversion can be used for enhancing image quality,particularly in velocity model building. Strongly undulatedsubstructures in the Heby profile cause ambiguities and conflictingdips in the stacked section. By employing the tomographic inversionresult as a starting point to implement prestack depth migration(PSDM) the final image shows better continuity at the top of bedrockand shallow layers are resolved clearer. At Marsta, vertical and radialcomponent data were used to obtain PP and PS information,respectively, to delineate the bedrock surface. Common conversionPoint (CCP) binning of the radial component identifies the surface inbetter resolution, even a 2m variation in the depth of the bedrock canbe seen. PSDM radial component data supports and complements theresult from the CCP binning. In both the Heby and Marsta cases,forward modelling was applied for testing processing workflows forthe field data using models that mimick the real substructures.Acoustic modelling was used for understanding the P-wave responsein the Heby single component data, while elastic wave modelling wasperformed to simulate the multicomponent data at Marsta. The resultsdemonstrate that a comprehensive application of seismic methods inthe near surface (shallower than 100m) can provide adequateresolution. Noteworthy is that an accurate velocity estimation plays asignificant role in the whole scheme for seismic imaging. Thestrategies for building the velocity are also meaningful in thisresearch.
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Flores, Orozco Adrián [Verfasser]. "Characterization of contaminated sites and monitoring of processes accompanying bioremediation using spectral induced polarization imaging / Adrián Flores Orozco." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1044082607/34.
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Saakana, Amon Saba. "Sites of conflict : identity, sexuality, reproduction; European mythological imaging of the African on the London stage, 1908-1939." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321613.
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Saleem, Muhammad Umar. "2D Reflection Seismic Imaging at a Quick-clay Landslide Site, in Southwest Sweden." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Geofysik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-186988.
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Results from a series of 2D high resolution reflection seismic profiles collected at a quick-clay landslide site are presented. This study is a part of the “Integration of geophysical, hydrogeological and geotechnical methods to aid monitoring landslide in Nordic countries” project, sponsored by the (Geoscientists Without Borders) program of Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG). The study area is located on the shoreline of the Göta River, about 60 km north of Göteborg. The Göta River is the largest river in Sweden which runs from Lake Vänern to Göteborg, it follows the Götaälv Zone, which is an approximately 4 km wide fault zone dipping towards the west. The site is known for its quick-clay formation and landslides. The aim of this study is to image bedrock topography and the overburden layerings above it, within the overburden layers of specific interest are a coarse-grained layer and a quick-clay layer which is responsible for “quick-clay landslides”. The area was recently studied by the Swedish Geotechnical Institutes in a nation-wide project that dealt with investigating areas along the Göta River that are prone to landslides. The study area was investigated by various geotechnical (CPTU, CPTU-R soundings, laboratory measurements) and electrical resistivity investigations. Results from this investigation are used to interpret shallow seismic reflections and better understand the near surface geology. The seismic reflection data presented in this thesis were acquired along two profiles, 484 m and 384 m long (lines 2 and 3), in September 2011. A weight-drop and sledgehammer source was used to generate the seismic signal. A receiver spacing of 4 m and source spacing of 4-8 m was used. Power spectras of various sources and raw shots (before and after vertical stack) are also discussed. Processing of high resolution data was challenging in this area where the bedrock is very shallow. Therefore, stacked sections were very sensitive to stacking velocity; a great effort was made to obtain the velocity model. Pre-stack spectral whitening and band pass filtering after stack were the key steps for successful imaging. After carefully processing the data, we were able to image very shallow reflections and bedrock topography. A coarse-grained layer interpreted at 25-50 m depth, may be playing an important role in the formation of quick-clay and hence provide the triggering mechanism for landslides. The coarse layer potential to form quick-clays and its role in landslides, however, requires further investigation using other types of hydrogeological data, geotechnical data and geophysical well logging.
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Alcalde, Martín Juan. "3D seismic imaging and geological modeling of the Hontomin CO2 storage site, Spain." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/284824.
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This thesis is organized as a compendium of three scientific articles, describing the geological characterization of the Hontomín site for Geological Storage of CO2 by means of 3D seismic data, acquired for this purpose, as well as the available well-log and regional data. The three articles form the core of this thesis and constitute the main scientific effort developed therein. These are:
• Alcalde, J., Martí, D., Calahorrano, A., Marzán, I., Ayarza, P., Carbonell, R., Juhlin, C. and Pérez-Estaún, A. 2013a. Active seismic characterization experiments of the Hontomín research facility for geological storage of CO2, Spain. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 19, 785-795.
• Alcalde, J., Martí, D., Juhlin, C., Malehmir, A., Sopher, D., Saura, E., Marzán, I., Ayarza, P., Calahorrano, A., Pérez-Estaún, A., and Carbonell, R. 2013b. 3D Reflection Seismic Imaging of the Hontomín structure in the Basque-Cantabrian Basin (Spain). Solid Earth4, pp. 481-496.
• Alcalde, J., Marzán, I., Saura, E., Martí, D., Ayarza, P., Juhlin, C., Pérez-Estaún, A., and Carbonell, R. 2014. 3D geological characterization of the Hontomín CO2 storage site, Spain: multidisciplinary approach from seismics, well-logging and regional data. Tectonophysics (accepted).
The thesis begins with an Introduction (Chapter I), in which the motivations and aims of the thesis are presented. These include the problematic derived from anthropogenic emissions of CO2, and present Carbon Capture and Storage technology as an effective method to reach energetic sustainability. This chapter also includes the state-of-the-art seismic reflection method applied to CO2 storage, as well as an outline of the regional and local geology of the study area.
The first article (Alcalde et al., 2013a) constitutes Chapter II of the thesis. It presents and describes the active seismic experiments conducted at the Hontomín site for the seismic characterization. The data acquisition is described in detail, with an emphasis on the most relevant factors that affected the quality of the acquired data. These factors include the geomorphological/topographical aspects of the study area, logistical issues during the acquisition. The effects on the seismic records of a near-surface velocity inversion are also discussed. This contribution also shows a preliminary seismic image of the subsurface, which allows outlining the general dome shape of the target structure.
The second article (Alcalde et al., 2013b) comprises Chapter III of the thesis. It outlines the processing applied to the seismic data that led to the final migrated seismic image. It includes a detailed discussion about which processes were more effective in enhancing the quality of the obtained image. The image was judged to be suitable for interpretation and constitutes the primary seismic model, to be used as reference baseline during the monitoring stage. Furthermore, the top of the Jurassic dome structure was mapped, allowing us to provide an overall estimation of the size of the target structure, which is a 107 m2 elongated dome with a maximum CO2 storage capacity of 1.2 Gt.
The third article (Alcalde et al., 2014), included in Chapter IV of the thesis, focuses on the interpretation of the seismic image and the building of a 3D geological model. The quality of the seismic data required a geologically driven approach to enable interpretation. This approach used a conceptual model as reference, which was inferred in the first place from the correlation of the available well-log data and later improved by the seismic facies analysis and the regional geological data. The conceptual model was used to interpret the seismic data and resulted in a 9-layered 3D geological model and a thorough description of the fault system present in the area.Esta tesis tiene como objetivo la caracterización geológica 3D de la Planta de Desarrollo Tecnológico para el Almacenamiento Geológico de CO2 de Hontomín (Burgos). Esta caracterización se ha llevado a cabo mediante el procesado y la interpretación de datos de sísmica de reflexión 3D adquiridos para ese propósito en verano de 2010.
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Slattery, Kristen Elizabeth. "A GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR IMAGING OF SCHOENBRUNN VILLAGE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE, TUSCARAWAS COUNTY, OHIO." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1321896945.
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Balasubramaniam, Aswin. "Applications of Small Unmanned Aerial Systems (sUAS) and Photogrammetry to Monitor and Inspect Structural Health and Construction Sites." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1592133796045396.
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Matsui, Joy Tamiko. "Development of image processing tools and procedures for analyzing multi-site longitudinal diffusion-weighted imaging studies." Diss., University of Iowa, 2014. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/4690.
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The logistical complexities of performing multi-site longitudinal diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) studies requires careful construction of analysis tools and procedures. Proposed clinical trials for therapies in neurodegenerative disease are known to re- quire several hundred subjects, thus mandating multiple site participation to obtain sufficient sample sizes. DWI is an important tool for monitoring diffusivity properties of white matter (WM) in disease progression. The multi-site nature of clinical trials requires new strategies in DWI processing and analysis to reliably measure longitudi- nal WM changes. This work describes the process of developing and validating robust analysis methodologies to process multi-site DWI data in a rare, neurodegenerative disease. Key processing components to accomplish a robust DWI processing system include: DICOM conversion, automated quality control, unbiased atlas construction, fiber tracking, and statistical analysis. Extensive validation studies were performed to characterize methodological results within and across the common confounds inherent in multi-site clinical trials.
The conversion and automated quality control tools optimized for this work both enhanced the ability to reliably obtain repeat diffusion tensor image (DTI) scalar measurements in a reliability analysis of healthy controls scanned at multiple sites using multiple scanner vendors. A DTI scalar analysis performed on focused WM regions showed it was possible to detect significant mean differences of DTI scalars among separate groups of a neurodegenerative disease population. The DTI scalar analysis paved the way for an atlas-based cross-sectional fiber tracking analysis. In the cross-sectional fiber tracking analysis, multi-site data was brought into the same space, making major fiber tracts terminating in the focused WM regions of the scalar analysis from all participants comparable. Significant differences in diffusivity were found throughout each tract among separate groups of the neurodegenerative disease population. In addition, multiple neuropsychological cognitive variables that have a documented ability to track disease progression of the neurodegenerative disease, strongly correlated with many of the DTI scalars in each tract. The findings of the cross-sectional fiber tracking analysis were reinforced by similar findings produced by a longitudinal fiber tracking analysis. Collectively, these findings suggest that cogni- tive deficits seen in the neurodegenerative disease population could be explained by changes in diffusivity of the tracts explored in this work. In addition to the longi- tudinal fiber tracking analysis examining diffusivity, methods for a WM morphology analysis using parallel transport to apply longitudinal volume changes to a template was explored.
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Ahlgren, Sara. "Molecular Radionuclide Imaging Using Site-specifically Labelled Recombinant Affibody Molecules : Preparation and Preclinical Evaluation." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-122177.
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Radionuclide molecular imaging is an emerging multidisciplinary technique that is used in modern medicine to visualise diseases at cellular and molecular levels. This thesis is based on five papers (I-V) and focuses on the development of site-specific radiolabelled recombinant anti-HER2 Affibody molecules and preclinical evaluations in vitro and in vivo of the labelled conjugates. This work is part of a preclinical development of an Affibody molecule-based tracer for molecular imaging of HER2 expressing tumours. Papers I and II report the evaluation of the Affibody molecule ZHER2:2395-C, site-specifically labelled with the radiometals 111In (for SPECT) and 57Co (as a surrogate for 55Co, suitable for PET applications) using a thiol reactive DOTA derivative as a chelator. Both conjugates demonstrated very suitable biodistribution properties, enabling high contrast imaging just a few hours after injection. Papers III and IV report the development and optimization of a technique for site-specific labelling of ZHER2:2395-C with 99mTc using an N3S chelating peptide sequence. 99mTc-ZHER2:2395-C demonstrated high and specific tumour uptake and rapid clearance of non-bound tracer from the blood, resulting in high tumour-to-non-tumour ratios shortly after injection, enabling high contrast imaging. In addition, in the study described in paper IV, freeze-dried kits previously developed for 99mTc-labelling were optimised, resulting in the development of a kit in which all the reagents and protein needed for labelling of ZHER2:2395-C with 99mTc were contained in a single vial. Paper V reports the evaluation of an anti-HER2 Affibody molecule, ABY-025, with a fundamentally re-engineered scaffold. Despite the profound re-engineering, the biodistribution pattern of 111In-ABY-025 was very similar to that of two variants of the parental molecule. It seems reasonable to believe that these results will also be applicable to Affibody molecules towards other targets. Hopefully, this work will also be helpful in the development of other small proteinaceous tracers.
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Schumacher, Dominik. "Site-specific functionalization of antigen binding proteins for cellular delivery, imaging and target modulation." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/18547.
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Antikörper und Antigen-bindende Proteine, die an Fluorophore, Tracer und Wirkstoffe konjugiert sind, sind einzigartige Moleküle, welche die Entwicklung wertvoller diagnostischer und therapeutischer Werkzeuge ermöglichen. Allerdings ist der Konjugationsschritt sehr anspruchsvoll und trotz intensiver Forschung noch immer ein bedeutender Engpass. Zusätzlich sind Antigen-bindende Proteine oftmals nicht dazu in der Lage, die Zellmembran zu durchdringen und im Zellinneren nicht funktionsfähig. Daher ist ihre Verwendung auf extrazelluläre Targets beschränkt, was eine bedeutende Anzahl wichtiger Antigene vernachlässigt. Beide Limitierungen bilden Kernaspekte dieser Arbeit. Mit Tub-tag labeling wurde ein neuartiges und vielseitiges Verfahren für die ortsspezifische Funktionalisierung von Biomolekülen und Antigen-bindenden Proteinen entwickelt, und so die Palette der Proteinfunktionalisierungen bedeutend erweitert. Tub-tag wurde erfolgreich für die ortsspezifische Funktionalisierung verschiedener Proteine und Antigen-bindender Nanobodies angewendet, die für konfokale Mikroskopie, Proteinanreicherung und hochauflösende Mikroskopie eingesetzt wurden. In einem weiteren Projekt wurden zellpermeable Antigen-bindende Nanobodies hergestellt und somit das schon lange Zeit bestehende Ziel, intrazelluläre Targets durch in vitro funktionalisierte Antigen-bindende Proteine zu visualisieren und manipulieren, erreicht. Hierzu wurden zwei verschiedene Nanobodies an ihrem C-Terminus cyclischen zellpenetrierenden Peptiden unter Verwendung von Expressed Protein Ligation funktionalisiert. Diese Peptide ermöglichten die Endozytose-unabhängige Aufnahme der Nanobodies mit sofortiger Bioverfügbarkeit. Mit Tub-tag labeling und der Synthese von zellpermeablen Nanobodies konnten wichtige Bottlenecks im Bereich der Proteinfunktionalisierung und Antikörperforschung adressiert werden und neue Tools für die biochemische und zellbiologische Forschung entwickelt werden.Antibodies and antigen binding proteins conjugated to fluorophores, tracers and drugs are powerful molecules that enabled the development of valuable diagnostic and therapeutic tools. However, the conjugation itself is highly challenging and despite intense research efforts remains a severe bottleneck. In addition to that, antibodies and antigen binding proteins are often not functional within cellular environments and unable to penetrate the cellular membrane. Therefore, their use is limited to extracellular targets leaving out a vast number of important antigens. Both limitations are core aspects of the presented thesis. With Tub-tag labeling, a novel and versatile method for the site-specific functionalization of biomolecules and antigen binding proteins was developed expanding the toolbox of protein functionalization. The method is based on the microtubule enzyme tubulin tyrosine ligase. Tub-tag labeling was successfully applied for the site-specific functionalization of different proteins including antigen binding nanobodies which enabled confocal microscopy, protein enrichment and super-resolution microscopy. In addition to that, cell permeable antigen binding nanobodies have been generated constituting a long thought goal of tracking and manipulating intracellular targets by in vitro functionalized antigen binding proteins. To achieve this goal, two different nanobodies were functionalized at their C-terminus with linear and cyclic cell-penetrating peptides using expressed protein ligation. These peptides triggered the endocytosis independent uptake of the nanobodies with immediate bioavailability. Taken together, Tub-tag labeling and the generation of cell-permeable antigen binding nanobodies strongly add to the functionalization of antibodies and their use in biochemistry, cell biology and beyond.
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Tanguy, Quentin. "Design and fabrication of a MEMS scanner for OCT imaging endo-microscopic probe." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://indexation.univ-fcomte.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/8d6ab7ed-eac5-4e11-997b-f9e9af4e8808.
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Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse reposent d'une part sur le design et la modélisation electro-thermo-mécanique d'un micro scanner optique et d'autre part sur sa fabrication, et sa caractérisation ainsi qu'un début d'intégration à un micro interféromètre de Mirau pour le développement d'une sonde endoscopique conçue pour la détection des cancers gastrointestinaux dans leur phase initiale par une technique d'imagerie appelée Tomography de Cohérence Optique (OCT). Le coeur de la contribution de cette thèse porte sur le développement et la fabrication de micro actionneurs commandés thermiquement pour l'orientation controlée d'un micro miroir conçu à cet effet. Différentes architectures de micro scanners sont proposées afin de répondre au mieux aux problématiques imposées par les exigences en matière de qualité d'imagerie optique et de compatibilité avec les normes dans le cadre de l'utilisation médical emph{in vivo} du dispositif final. Ces travaux s'inscrivent dans le projet DEMO4 financé par le LabEx Action en coopération entre les départements MN2S et AS2M de l'institut de recherche Français Femto-ST ainsi que de l'université de Floride aux États-Unis afin de délivrer un premier démonstrateur de sonde endoscopique OCT.Plusieurs séries de fabrication ont été mises en oeuvre grâce à des techniques de microfabrication de semiconducteurs dévelopés en échange entre l'université de Floride et Femto-ST avant d'être assemblées (à défaut d'intégration monolithique) par procédés robotisés à un micro-interféromètre dévelopé à Femto-ST.Finalement, un montage expérimental pour la caractérisation du micromiroir est également proposé pour permettre l'évaluation des performances atteintes et afin d'amorcer les premiers test d'imagerie optiques du micro systèmeThe work presented in this manuscript consists in the conception of an electro-thermo-mechanical optical micro-scanner. In a first time, a design and a model are proposed and the micro-device was fabricated, characterized and a draft of integration onto a Mirau micro-interferometer was carried out in order to build an endoscopic probe for the detection of early stage gastrointestinal cancers using an imaging technique called Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). The very contribution of the thesis is the development and the fabrication of micro actuators driven electrothermally to control the angular position a micro mirror plate conceived in this purpose. Different architectures of micro-scanners are proposed to best comply with the specifications determined by both the optical expectations and the medical standards requirements of the final apparatus emph{in vivo}.This work, part of a project called textquote{DEMO4} was financed by the French LabEx Action funding source in cooperation between the departments AS2M and MN2S of the French research institute Femto-ST as well as the university of Florida in the USA to deliver a first demonstrator of endoscopic OCT probe.Several batches of fabrication were realized my means of techniques of ac{CMOS}-based microfabrication in exchange between Femto-ST and the university of Florida before being assembled (for lack of monolithic integration capability) onto a micro-interferometer using automated processes specifically developed in this purpose.Finally, an experimental setup is proposed to characterize in order to evaluate the performances achieved and initiate the first tests of optical imaging using the micro-system
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Valliant, John Fitzmaurice. "Synthesis and NMR spectroscopy of tripeptide derived biomolecules for site specific radiopharmaceuticals." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0021/NQ30178.pdf.
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Som, Subhojit. "Topics in Sparse Inverse Problems and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Imaging." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1282135281.
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Uttamapinant, Chayasith. "Cellular delivery and site-specific targeting of organic fluorophores for super-resolution imaging in living cells." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/79263.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemistry, 2013.Vita. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Recent advances in super-resolution fluorescence microscopy have pushed the spatial resolution of biological imaging down to a few nanometers. The key element to the development of such imaging modality is synthetic organic fluorophores with suitable brightness and photostability. However, organic fluorophores are very difficult to use in live cells because of their chemical compositions. Many excellent fluorophores, such as cyanine and Alexa Fluor dyes, are highly charged with sulfonate groups and do not cross the plasma membrane. Even if the fluorophores get inside cells, there exist few methods that can be used to target these nongenetically encoded probes to specific cellular proteins with high specificity and minimal interference. We describe herein the development of new methods for cellular delivery and sitespecific targeting of organic fluorophores to proteins in living cells. Building on our lab's previous work on engineering new substrate specificity for E. coli lipoic acid ligase (LplA), we created a mutant ligase that catalyzes covalent conjugation of a 7-hydroxycoumarin fluorophore onto a 13-amino acid peptide substrate, called LAP. We showed that enzymatic fluorophore ligation is compatible with the living cell interior and is highly specific for LAP fusion proteins. To extend the repertoire of fluorophores targetable by LplA inside cells, we devised a two-step labeling approach based on enzymatic azide ligation, followed by chemoselective derivatization with any membrane-permeable fluorophore via strain-promoted cycloaddition. As an auxiliary tool for enzymatic probe ligation, we also developed a very efficient and biocompatible variant of copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition that can be used for modification of cell-surface proteins. To overcome the lack of membrane permeability of sulfonated fluorophores, we identified a chemical reaction that efficiently masks charged sulfonate groups as esterase-labile sulfonate esters. Such masked sulfonated fluorophores enter cells readily and can be sitespecifically targeted to intracellular proteins. Our efforts in developing protein labeling and fluorophore delivery methods culminated in their application to super-resolution imaging of cellular proteins in living cells.
by Chayasith Uttamapinant.
Ph.D.
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Lampinen, Björn. "Protocol optimization of the filter exchange imaging (FEXI) sequence and implications on group sizes : a test-retest study." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-196327.
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Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) is a branch within the field of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that relies on the diffusion of water molecules for its contrast. Its clinical applications include the early diagnosis of ischemic stroke and mapping of the nerve tracts of the brain. The recent development of filter exchange imaging (FEXI) and the introduction of the apparent exchange rate (AXR) present a new DWI based technique that uses the exchange of water between compartments as contrast. FEXI could offer new clinical possibilities in diagnosis, differentiation and treatment follow-up of conditions involving edema or altered membrane permeability, such as tumors, cerebral edema, multiple sclerosis and stroke. Necessary steps in determining the potential of AXR as a new biomarker include running comparative studies between controls and different patient groups, looking for conditions showing large AXR-changes. However, before designing such studies, the experimental protocol of FEXI should be optimized to minimize the experimental variance. Such optimization would improve the data quality, shorten the scan time and keep the required study group sizes smaller. Here, optimization was done using an active imaging approach and the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) of Fisher information theory. Three optimal protocols were obtained, each specialized at different tissue types, and the CRLB method was verified by bootstrapping. A test-retest study of 18 volunteers was conducted in order to investigate the reproducibility of the AXR as measured by one of the protocols, adapted for the scanner. Group sizes required were calculated based on both CRLB and the variability of the test-retest data, as well as choices in data analysis such as region of interest (ROI) size. The result of this study is new protocols offering a reduction in coefficient of variation (CV) of around 30%, as compared to previously presented protocols. Calculations of group sizes required showed that they can be used to decide whether any patient group, in a given brain region, has large alterations of AXR using as few as four individuals per group, on average, while still keeping the scan time below 15 minutes. The test-retest study showed a larger than expected variability however, and uncovered artifact like changes in AXR between measurements. Reproducibility of AXR values ranged from modest to acceptable, depending on the brain region. Group size estimations based on the collected data showed that it is still possible to detect AXR difference larger than 50% in most brain regions using fewer than ten individuals. Limitations of this study include an imprecise knowledge of model priors and a possibly suboptimal modeling of the bias caused by weak signals. Future studies on FEXI methodology could improve the method further by addressing these matters and possibly also the unknown source of variability. For minimal variability, comparative studies of AXR in patient groups could use a protocol among those presented here, while choosing large ROI sizes and calculating the AXR based on averaged signals.
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White, Katharine Alice. "Rational design and directed evolution of probe ligases for site-specific protein labeling and live-cell imaging." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/78438.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemistry, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Chemical fluorophores have superior photophysical properties to fluorescent proteins and are much smaller. However, in order to use these probes for live-cell protein imaging, highly specific labeling methods are required. Here, we will describe three efforts to re-engineer the E. coli enzyme, lipoic acid ligase (LplA), to catalyze the ligation of small-molecule probes onto recombinant proteins. We call this collection of methods the PRIME (PRobe Incorporation Mediated by Enzymes) methodologies. First, we describe the structure-guided mutagenesis of LplA and the identification of an LplA variant that can ligate a blue coumarin fluorophore onto a 13-amino acid LplA acceptor peptide (LAP2). This "coumarin ligase" can be used to image cellular proteins with high specificity, sensitivity, and minimal perturbation of the biology of the protein of interest. We also demonstrate how subpopulations of a protein of interest can be labeled using genetically targeted coumarin ligase. Second, we describe our attempts to use yeast display evolution and fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) to evolve a truncated LplA enzyme. The original truncated enzyme had severely decreased activity for LplA's natural substrate, lipoic acid. We created a 107 library of LplA mutants and, after four rounds of selection, produced a truncated LplA mutant with lipoylation activity equivalent to full-length LplA. We next sought to evolve activity for an unnatural small molecule probe, but found that this strategy was limited by both increased hydrophobic probe sticking when using the truncated enzyme and some enzyme-dependent nonspecificity. Finally, from a library of 107 LplA mutants, we evolved a full-length LplA capable of ligating an unnatural picolyl azide (pAz) substrate. We demonstrated improved activity of the "pAz ligase" in the secretory pathway and cell surface, two regions where coumarin ligase is inactive. This enzyme can also be used to image cell surface protein-protein interactions as well as label proteins as they are trafficked through the endoplasmic reticulum. These probe ligases will be useful tools for cell biologists interested in studying protein function or protein-protein interactions in the context of living cells.
by Katharine Alice White.
Ph.D.
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Miyachi, Shigeru, Takashi Izumi, Noriaki Matsubara, Osamu Hososhima, Yuko Tsurumi, and Arihito Tsurumi. "Virtual Histology Analysis of Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque: Plaque Composition at the Minimum Lumen Site and of the Entire Carotid Plaque." Wiley-Blackwell, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/17694.
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Perols, Anna. "Site-specific labeling of affinity molecules for in vitro and in vivo studies." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Proteinteknologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-152349.
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The thesis is focused on site-specific labeling of affinity molecules for different applications where two types of binding proteins, Affibody molecules and antibodies, have been used. For the purpose of improving the properties of Affibody molecules for in vivo imaging, novel bi-functional chelators for radiolabeling using the radionuclide 111In were evaluated. In a first study, two chelators denoted NOTA and DOTA, respectively, were separately conjugated via maleimide chemistry to a C-terminal cysteine residue in a HER2-binding Affibody molecule (ZHER2:2395). In vivo evaluation using mice with prostate carcinoma cell line xenografts showed that the 111In-NOTA-MMA-ZHER2:2395 tracer exhibited faster clearance from blood than the 111In-DOTA-MMA-ZHER2:2395 counterpart,resulting in improved tumor-to-organ ratios. In a second study the in vivo imaging properties of a third tracer, 111In-NODAGA-MMA-ZHER2:2395, was investigated in tumor-bearing mice. While the tumor uptake was lower than seen for the 111In-DOTA-MMA-ZHER2:2395 tracer, a low uptake in non-targeted organs and a fast clearance from blood resulted in higher tumor-to-organ ratios for 111In-NODAGA-MMA-ZHER2:2395 compared to the DOTA variant. In a following study, a synthetically produced HER2-targeting affibody variant, denoted ZHER2:S1, was used where NODAGA, NOTA and DOTA chelators instead were conjugated via an amide bond to the N-terminus. In vivo evaluation in mice showed an unfavorable uptake in liver for 111In-NOTA-ZHER2:S1, resulting in a discontinuation. The study showed faster clearance of 111In-NODAGA-ZHER2:S1 from blood, but also an increased uptake in bone in comparison to 111In-DOTA-ZHER2:S1. As bone is a common metastatic site in prostate cancer, the favorable tumor-to-bone ratio for 111In-DOTA-ZHER2:S1 suggests it as the tracer of choice for prostate cancer. Further, the DOTA chelator was also evaluated as conjugated to either N- or C-terminus or to the back of helix 3 via an amide bond, where the in vivo evaluation showed that that C-terminal conjugation resulted in the highest contrast. Site specificity is also of great importance for labeling antibodies, as conjugation in the antigen-binding regions might influence the affinity. A method for site-specific labeling of antibodies using an IgG-binding domain that becomes covalently attached to the Fc-region of an antibody by photoconjugation was optimized. By investigation of positions most suitable for incorporation of the photoreactive probe, the conjugation efficiencies were increased for antibody subclasses important for both diagnostic and therapeutic applications. In addition, optimized variants were used in combination with an incorporated click-reactive handle for selective labeling of the antibody with a detection molecule.QC 20140929
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Yang, Yidong. "Monitoring cell infiltration into the myocardial infarction site using micrometer-sized iron oxide particles-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/41151.
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The cell infiltration into the myocardial infarction (MI) site was studied using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with micrometer-sized iron oxide particles (MPIO) as cell labeling probes. MI is a leading cause of global death and disability. However, the roles of inflammatory cells and stem cells during the post-MI remodeling and repair processes are yet to be discovered. This study was to develop noninvasive MRI techniques to monitor and quantify the cellular infiltration into the MI site. MPIO can produce pronounced signal attenuation at regions of interest in MRI. Therefore, cells labeled with these particles can be detected after they are activated and home to the MI site. In the first project, MPIO of various doses were injected into the mouse blood stream 7 days before the MI surgery. Serial MRI was performed at various time points post-MI to monitor the inflammatory cell infiltration into the MI site. Significant signal attenuation caused by labeled cells, in particular macrophages, was observed at the MI site. The study suggests an optimal imaging window should be from 7 to 14 days post-MI, during which the MR signal was inversely proportional to the MPIO dose. The study also suggests an optimal MPIO dose should be between 9.1 and 14.5 µg Fe/g body weight. In the second project, mesenchymal stem cells labeled with MPIO were transplanted into the mouse bone marrow 14 days before the MI surgery. Serial MRI was performed at various time points post-MI to monitor the labeled cells, which mobilized from the bone marrow and homed to the MI site. All the MRI findings were further confirmed by histology. In addition to revealing the characteristics of cell infiltration during MI, this study also provides noninvasive MRI techniques to monitor and potentially quantify labeled cells at the pathological site. The technique can also be used to investigate the function of cells engaged in MI and to test the effect on cell infiltration caused by any treatment strategies.
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Kampmeier, Florian [Verfasser]. "Site directed modification of recombinant antibody fragments for in vivo fluorescence imaging and targeted drug delivery / Florian Kampmeier." Aachen : Hochschulbibliothek der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1014263816/34.
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Chen, Juan [Verfasser], Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Arentz, and Amir S. [Akademischer Betreuer] Jadidi. "Extent and spatial distribution of left atrial arrhythmogenic sites, late gadolinium enhancement at magnetic resonance imaging, and low-voltage areas in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation: comparison of imaging vs. electrical parameters of fibrosis and arrhythmogenesis." Freiburg : Universität, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1194312691/34.
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Yordkayhun, Sawasdee. "2D and 3D Seismic Surveying at the CO2SINK Project Site, Ketzin, Germany: The Potential for Imaging the Shallow Subsurface." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Earth Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-9273.
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Seismic traveltime inversion, traveltime tomography and seismic reflection techniques have been applied for two dimensional (2D) and three dimensional (3D) data acquired in conjunction with site characterization and monitoring aspects at a carbon dioxide (CO2) geological storage site at Ketzin, Germany (the CO2SINK project). Conventional seismic methods that focused on investigating the CO2 storage and caprock formations showed a poor or no image of the upper 150 m. In order to fill this information gap, an effort on imaging the shallow subsurface at a potentially risky area at the site is the principal goal of this thesis.
Beside this objective, a seismic source comparison from a 2D pilot study for acquisition parameter testing at the site found a weight drop source suitable with respect to the signal penetration, frequency content of the data and minimizing time and cost for 3D data acquisition.
For the Ketzin seismic data, the ability to obtain high-quality images is limited by the acquisition geometry, source-generated noise and time shifts due to near-surface effects producing severe distortions in the data. Moreover, these time shifts are comparable to the dominant periods of the reflections and to the size of structures to be imaged. Therefore, a combination of seismic refraction and state-of-the-art processing techniques, including careful static corrections and more accurate velocity analysis, resulted in key improvements of the images and allowed new information to be extracted. The results from these studies together with borehole information, hydrogeologic models and seismic modeling have been combined into an integrated interpretation. The boundary between the Quaternary and Tertiary unit has been mapped. The internal structure of the Quaternary sediments is likely to be complicated due to the shallow aquifer/aquitard complex, whereas the heterogeneity in the Tertiary unit is due to rock alteration associated with fault zones. Some of the major faults appear to project into the Tertiary unit. These findings are important for understanding the potentially risky anticline crest and can be used as a database for the future monitoring program at the site.
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Piras, Monica. "Design of novel αvβ3 ligands as probes for imaging of tumour angiogenesis and site-directed delivery of cytotoxic drugs." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2014. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=225672.
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The dependence of tumour growth and metastasis on blood vessels makes tumour angiogenesis a rational target for therapy. Imaging of αvβ3 expression could potentially be used as a biomarker and an early indicator of efficacy of antiangiogenic treatments at a molecular level. Research efforts have mainly focused on the development of RGD-based radiolabelled αvβ3 inhibitors suitable for PET and SPECT imaging modalities that, owing to their high sensitivity, represent the most powerful tool for monitoring in vivo tumour angiogenesis. The aim of this multidisciplinary project was the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel αvβ3 ligands as molecular imaging probes. Three classes of integrin antagonists were designed: 1) triazole-based RGD mimetics that can be isotopically-labelled with tritium, fluorine and iodine radioisotopes by means of highly practical procedures, 2) RGD peptidomimetics incorporating the metabolically stable 2,2,2-trifluoroethylamine function as a peptide bond bioisostere and 3) RGD cyclopeptides conjugated with FDR, a novel prosthetic group allowing glycosylation and 18F-fluorination of aminooxy-functionalised molecules in one synthetic step. RGD-based strategies have also been used for selective tumour delivery of chemotherapeutic agents. A number of cytotoxic drugs have been conjugated to RGD peptides, providing experimental evidence that αvβ3 targeted chemotherapy strategies could be used as a powerful tool to reduce the toxicity and augment the therapeutic window of existing cytotoxic agents. In this work, we described the rational design of a novel targeted cytotoxic conjugate containing a triazole-based RGD peptidomimetic as tumour-homing motif of the potent antimitotic agent, paclitaxel. Preliminary in vitro studies were performed to assess the therapeutic potential of this targeted cytotoxic construct.
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Fader, Amelia Erin. "Integration of surface seismic waves, laboratory measurements, and downhole acoustic televiewer imaging, in geotechnical characterization: Ogden, KS." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15118.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Geology
Abdelmoneam Raef
Geotechnical site characteristics are a function of the subsurface elastic moduli and the geologic structures. This study integrates borehole, surface and laboratory measurements for a geotechnical investigation that is focused on investigating shear-wave velocity (Vs) variation and its implication to geotechnical aspects of the Ogden test site in eastern Kansas. The area has a potential of seismicity due to the seismic zone associated with the Nemaha formation where earthquakes pose a moderate hazard. This study is in response to recent design standards for bridge structures require integrating comprehensive geotechnical site characterization. Furthermore, evaluation of dynamic soil properties is important for proper seismic response analysis and soil modeling programs. In this study, near surface geophysical site characterization in the form of 2D shear-wave velocity (Vs) structure that is compared with laboratory measurements of elastic moduli and earth properties at simulated in situ overburden pressure conditions and synergy with downhole Acoustic Televiewer time and amplitude logs, proved very robust “validated” workflow in site characterization for geotechnical purposes. An important component of a geotechnical site characterization is the evaluation of in-situ shear modulus, Poisson’s ratio and reliable and accurate elastic modulus ([lambda]) and shear modulus ([mu]) estimates are important in a good geotechnical site characterization. The geophysical site characterization, undertaken in this study, will complement and help in extrapolating drilling and core-based properties deduced by the geotechnical engineers interested at the test site.
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Lescure, Robin. "Développement d’azaBODIPYs fonctionnalisables pour la conception de sondes d’imagerie bimodale et d’agents théranostiques." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. https://nuxeo.u-bourgogne.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/21e2771a-9c75-46d7-9377-50e8f2536c32.
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L’utilisation in vivo de l’imagerie optique est encore aujourd’hui principalement limitée par le manque de sondes capables d’émettre dans le proche infrarouge, où les tissus biologiques sont plus transparents à la lumière. Les travaux présentés dans ce manuscrit abordent l’optimisation et la valorisation d’une plateforme fluorescente hydrosoluble dont les propriétés optiques peuvent permettre une utilisation in vivo. Deux applications distinctes ont été envisagées pour cette plateforme WazaBY (Water-soluble azaBODIPY) : une utilisation comme sonde bimodale TEP (ou TEMP) et optique, et une utilisation en tant qu’agent théranostique. Lors du premier projet issu de ces travaux de thèse, nous avons pu développer une sonde bimodale TEMP/optique radiométallée par l’indium-111 et vectorisée par un anticorps (trastuzumab). Sur modèles murins porteurs de tumeurs xénogreffées, il a été possible de réaliser une imagerie bimodale optique/TEMP, témoignant d’une très nette accumulation au sein de la tumeur dès 24 heures après injection. La sonde a également été validée pour la réalisation de chirurgie assistée par fluorescence. Dans le cadre du second projet de cette thèse, une première génération d’agents théranostiques, porteurs de complexes d’or pour la thérapie, ont été synthétisées. L’objectif de ce projet a été de développer une nouvelle entité thérapeutique traçable in vitro et in vivo par imagerie optique. Les résultats préliminaires in vitro ont indiqué une activité antiproliférative des théranostiques sur lignées cellulaires cancéreuses (4T1, MDA MB 231, CT26 et SW480) voisine de celle de l’auranofine. Dans une seconde partie, nous nous sommes focalisés sur le développement de sondes théranostiques dites « intelligentes », pour lesquelles une modification des propriétés photophysiques est attendu lors du relargage éventuel du centre métallique. Deux molécules ont ainsi pu être synthétisées, chacune présentant un comportement de type on/offThe in vivo use of optical imaging is still limited by the lack of near infrared emitting probes. This thesis work focuses on the optimization and valorization of a water-soluble fluorescent platform whose optical properties enable an in vivo use. Two distinct applications were investigated for this WazaBY (Water-soluble azaBODIPY) platform: use as a PET (or SPECT) / optical bimodal probe, and as a theranostic agent. Concerning the first project, we were able to develop a targetted SPECT/optical bimodal probe, which was radiometallated with indium 111. Using xenografted murine models, we were able to show a clear accumulation of the probe in the tumor 24 hours after injection. Moreover, the probe was validated as a contrast agent for fluorescence guided surgery experiment. The second project of this thesis began by the synthesis of a first generation of gold based theranostic agents. The goal was to develop a new therapeutic complex, which can be tracked in vitro and in vivo thanks to optical imaging. In vitro preliminary results showed that the theranostics displayed a cytotoxicity comparable to auranofin on the tested cell lines (4T1, MDA MB 231, CT26 and SW480). A second part of this project focused on the develoment of « smart » probes for a theranostic use. Those probes are designed to undergo photophysical properties changes, when their metallic centre, responsible for the therapeutic role, is released. Two molecules were synthesized, both displaying an on/off behavior
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Winkelmann, Kay Hasko. "On the applicability of imaging spectrometry for the detection and investigation of contaminated sites with particular consideration given to the detection of fuel hydrocarbon contaminants in soil." kostenfrei, 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=976701782.
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Canovas, Coline. "Développement de stratégies de bioconjugaison innovantes : Application à l’élaboration d’agents d’imagerie moléculaire." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCK058.
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L’élaboration d’agents de ciblage pour le diagnostic du cancer repose sur le couplage d’une molécule imageante à un vecteur, souvent une protéine, capable de cibler spécifiquement les tissus cancéreux. Cette étape de bioconjugaison peut se révéler complexe et très délicate à contrôler. En effet, les protéines vectrices sont constituées d’un grand nombre de fonctions chimiques, potentiellement réactives, qui peuvent interférer lors du greffage. Ces travaux de thèse ont pour finalité l’élaboration de stratégies de bioconjugaison sélective innovantes afin de faciliter la préparation des agents d’imagerie moléculaire.Nos efforts ont notamment abouti à la mise au point d’une approche simple et efficace permettant la modification d’une protéine par un fluorophore, au moyen d’une réaction de bioconjugaison site-spécifique. Grâce à cette technique, il est possible d’obtenir des agents fluorescents proche infrarouge en une seule étape.Nous nous sommes également intéressés à la conception d’agents imageants bimodaux nucléaires/fluorescents vectorisés. Cette génération de traceurs possède un fort potentiel dans le domaine de l’imagerie médicale. Cependant, leur synthèse requiert le couplage de deux molécules imageantes à la protéine, ce qui rend l’étape de bioconjugaison particulièrement critique. Nous avons répondu à cette problématique par la mise au point de stratégies permettant la double modification site-spécifique de protéines. Les approches développées sont basées sur l’utilisation d’une plateforme trifonctionnelle, la dichlorotétrazine, et sont ainsi très versatiles. Nous avons pu obtenir et tester en préclinique, plusieurs agents imageants bimodaux nucléaires/optiques.Ce mémoire présente également l’élaboration d’un radiotraceur capable de détecter le cancer de la prostate par ciblage spécifique de la PSMA. Les résultats prometteurs obtenus lors de l’évaluation préclinique de ce composé, métallé au cuivre-64, en font un candidat intéressant pour le diagnostic du cancer de la prostate par tomographie par émission de positons chez l’hommeThe preparation of targeted imaging agents suitable for cancer diagnostic involves the coupling of an imaging probe to a vector, generally a protein, able to specifically target cancerous tissues. Unfortunately, this bioconjugation step is often problematic. Indeed, proteins present a large variety of reactive functions that can potentially interfere with the coupling reaction. The purpose of this work is the design of innovative selective bioconjugation strategies that can facilitate the synthesis of molecular imaging agents.Our research led to the development of a simple and efficient approach allowing the modification of a protein with a fluorophore by using a site-specific bioconjugation reaction. Thanks to this technique, it is possible to obtain near infrared fluorescent agents in a single step.We also focused our work on the design of bimodal nuclear/fluorescent imaging tracers based on protein vectors. These bimodal imaging agents show high potential for numerous medical applications. However, their synthesis requires the coupling of two distinct imaging molecules to the protein, which makes the bioconjugation step even more challenging. In this context, we developed different strategies suitable for the site-specific dual-modification of proteins. These approaches are based on a highly modular trifunctional platform, dichlorotetrazine. Several bimodal nuclear/optical imaging agents were obtained and shown convenient in vivo diagnostic properties.This thesis also presents the elaboration of a new PSMA-specific radiotracer able to detect prostate cancer. The promising results obtained during the preclinical evaluation of this compound labeled with copper-64, make it an interesting candidate for the diagnosis of prostate cancer by positron emission tomography in human
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Lin, Chi-Wang. "Methodology development for imaging histone modifications and for site-specific protein labeling in vitro and on the surface of living cells." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37605.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemistry, 2006.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 187-207).
A new methodology for monitoring post-translational modifications of histone H3 in living cells was developed using genetically encoded fluorescent reporters. These reporters were constructed for sensing histone phosphorylation and methylation by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). These reporters are four-part chimeric proteins with the domains from N- to C-terminus as follows: a cyan fluorescent protein (CFP), a phosphoserine recognition domain (14-3-3 tau) or a methyllysine recognition domain (HP1 or Pc chromodomain), a peptide whose sequence corresponds to the Nterminus of histone H3, and a yellow fluorescent protein. The histone phosphorylation reporter exhibited a 25 % YFP/CFP emission ratio increase upon phosphorylation in vitro by Msk-1 kinase. Site-directed mutagenesis studies suggested that Ser28 phosphorylation gave rise to the reporter FRET response. When tested in living HeLa cells, the reporter exhibited a rapid increase in the emission ratio 5-15 min prior to the nuclear membrane breakdown and the FRET peaked during cell division. Another reporter, in which the 14-3-3 tau and the H3 peptide were swapped, exhibited the FRET response to both Ser10 and Ser28 phosphorylation. Two methylation reporters, K9 and K27, were constructed for sensing H3-lysine9 and H3-lysine27 methylation.
(cont.) The reporters gave 60 % (K9) and 28 % (K27) emission ratio changes after in vitro methylation, catalyzed by the histone methyltransferase vSET. Applying the K9 reporter in cells showed different levels of reporter FRET in fibroblasts either expressing or lacking methyltransferases Suv39h1 and Suv39h2. Site-specific incorporation of biophysical probes onto cell surface proteins is critical for the study of protein trafficking. One general solution to achieve labeling specificity is the use of enzymes for the ligation of probes to a substrate peptide tagged onto a protein of interest. Transglutaminase incorporates amine probes to cell surface proteins expressing a 6- or 7-amino acid consensus sequence (Q-tag). A variety of probes such as biotin cadaverine and fluorescein cadaverine were incorporated to Q-tag-CFP and Q-tag-EGF receptor constructs expressed on the surface of living HeLa and HEK cells. The NF?B p50 transcription factor fused to a Q-tag was labeled with a benzophenone photo-affinity probe in vitro. Upon UV irradiation, elevated levels of p50 homodimerization were observed in the presence of DNA or the interacting protein myotrophin.
by Chi-Wang Lin.
Ph.D.
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Bookjans, Eva M. "Relative number squeezing in a Spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/37148.
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The quantum properties of matter waves, in particular quantum correlations and entanglement are an important frontier in atom optics with applications in quantum metrology and quantum information. In this thesis, we report the first observation of sub-Poissonian fluctuations in the magnetization of a spinor 87Rb condensate. The fluctuations in the magnetization are reduced up to 10 dB below the classical shot noise limit. This relative number squeezing is indicative of the predicted pair-correlations in a spinor condensate and lay the foundation for future experiments involving spin-squeezing and entanglement measurements. We have investigated the limits of the imaging techniques used in our lab, absorption and fluorescence imaging, and have developed the capability to measure atoms numbers with an uncertainly < 10 atoms. Condensates as small as ≈ 10 atoms were imaged and the measured fluctuations agree well with the theoretical predictions. Furthermore, we implement a reliable calibration method of our imaging system based on quantum projection noise measurements. We have resolved the individual lattice sites of a standing-wave potential created by a CO2 laser, which has a lattice spacing of 5.3 µm. Using microwaves, we site-selectively address and manipulate the condensate and therefore demonstrate the ability to perturb the lattice condensate of a local level. Interference between condensates in adjacent lattice sites and lattice sites separated by a lattice site are observed.
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Larivière, Mélusine. "Nanoparticles functionalized with human antibodies for multimodal molecular imaging of atherosclerosis." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0389/document.
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L'athérosclérose, à l’origine de la plupart des maladies cardiovasculaires telles que l'infarctus du myocarde ou l'AVC, est la principale cause de décès dans le monde. Les cliniciens ont donc besoin de techniques d'imagerie fiables pour identifier les patients «vulnérables» porteur d’athérome à haut risque d'occlusion thrombotique. Cette pathologie est une maladie inflammatoire qui implique beaucoup d'acteurs cellulaires et moléculaires, parmi lesquels les cellules endothéliales et immunitaires, les lipoprotéines, les cellules apoptotiques et les plaquettes. L'imagerie moléculaire visant à détecter ces acteurs avant la survenue d'événements cardiovasculaires dramatiques est en plein essor. Des anticorps humains (HuAbs) sélectionnés par phage-display pour reconnaître des biomarqueurs de la pathologies ont ici proposés comme ligands servant à fonctionnaliser des vecteurs pour l'imagerie IRM, de fluorescence ou TEP. Les HuAbs ont été modifiés, en introduisant soit des Cystéines soit un site de reconnaissance pour la Sortase, afin de développer un greffage site-spécifique. Les agents ciblant ont été validés in vitro et ex vivo sur des coupes d'athérome de modèles animaux. Des résultats prometteurs ontété obtenus en injectant dans des souris ApoE-/- l’anticorps antiplaquettaire TEG4, apportant ainsi de nouvelles connaissances sur la biologie de l'athérome et la preuve de concept d'une possible détection des plaques à haut risque riches en plaquettes. Des améliorations sont en cours pour développer des agents de contraste multi-fonctionnalisés avec des HuAbs et permettant de réaliser une imagerie moléculaire multimodale de l'athérosclérose facilement transposable en cliniqueBecause cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in the world, providing clinicians with reliable and straightforward imaging techniques to identify "vulnerable" patients from the general population appears like the Holy Grail of the cardiovascular field. Atherosclerosis, identified as the underlying condition for most acute cardiovascular events, is characterized by the constitution of a lipidrich atheroma plaque, driven both by excess cholesterol and inflammation, which eventual rupture triggers clotting into the blood flow. It involves a wealth of cellular and molecular actors, which are so many potential markers for molecular imaging, aiming at deciphering how to warn clinicians about the possible occurrence of myocardial infarction or stroke. Here, human antibodies (HuAbs) selected by phage-display for their recognition of over-expressed biomarkers of the pathology are proposed as targeting ligands. They were further engineered for site-specific grafting, either by introducing Cysteine or Sortase recognition tags, and used to target contrast agents for MRI, fluorescence, or PET imaging. In vitro and ex vivo validation studies were carried out on atheroma sections of animal models. In vivo studies in the ApoE-/- mouse model were realized with the anti-platelet TEG4 HuAb using MRI, which provided insights on the biological relevance and feasibility to detect platelets-rich, high-risk atheroma plaques. The development of contrast agents useful in multi-modality imaging, and multi-functionalized with HuAbs is underway. It should serve as an accurate molecular imaging method for atherosclerosis, further more easily translated into the clinical arena
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Patruno, Jolanda. "Polarimetric RADARSAT-2 and ALOS PALSAR multi-frequency analysis over the archaeological site of Gebel Barkal (Sudan)." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01061287.
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Aim of PhD research is to exploit SAR Polarimetry technique for the identification of surface and subsurface archaeological features in the site of Gebel Barkal (Sudan), inscribed in the UNESCO World Heritage List since 2003. Sand penetration capability of both C-band and L-band sensors are discussed analysing archived ALOS PALSAR and RADARSAT-2 specifically acquired (2012-2013) images. Moreover, the research activity illustrates the potential of integrating SAR polarimetric and optical satellite data in a dedicated GIS project, realised in collaboration with the Universities of Turin and Venice (Italy). The monitoring of ancient sites by means of remotely acquired polarimetric SAR data represents a benefit for the archaeological research, where detected anomalies can address archaeological excavations or ground truth verification, as shown in the PhD dissertation, and where threatening factors affect the integrity of a cultural site.
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Schumacher, Dominik [Verfasser], Christian P. R. [Gutachter] Hackenberger, Dorothea [Gutachter] Fiedler, and Heinreich [Gutachter] Leonhardt. "Site-specific functionalization of antigen binding proteins for cellular delivery, imaging and target modulation / Dominik Schumacher ; Gutachter: Christian P. R. Hackenberger, Dorothea Fiedler, Heinreich Leonhardt." Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1185578390/34.
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Assaad, Jamal. "Modélisation des transducteurs piézoélectriques haute fréquence à l'aide de la méthode des éléments finis." Valenciennes, 1992. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/daff1271-db25-4894-82dd-828d666c589c.
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En imagerie acoustique comme en contrôle non destructif, la qualité des images obtenues en utilisant des réseaux de transducteurs à une ou deux dimensions dépend en grande partie du diagramme de rayonnement d'un transducteur élémentaire. L'objectif poursuivi dans cette thèse est la modélisation numérique du fonctionnement de tels transducteurs haute fréquence rayonnant dans un milieu fluide, dans la perspective de créer un outil efficace d'aide à la conception. Plus particulièrement, cette thèse concerne la modélisation bi-dimensionnelle des transducteurs haute fréquence en Niobate de Lithium (linbo#3) par la méthode des éléments finis, à l'aide du code Atila. Dans un premier temps, l'analyse modale de transducteurs a permis de définir la coupe optimale qui doit être utilisée pour les applications évoquées. De plus, les courbes de Fabian obtenues pour cette coupe ont été comparées avec succès aux courbes expérimentales, démontrant la précision de l'approche, même pour un matériau à forte anisotropie. Ensuite, l'analyse harmonique de ces transducteurs en rayonnement a exigé le développement d’éléments finis rayonnants monopolaires et dipolaires, ainsi que la mise au point d'un algorithme original d'extrapolation permettant le calcul du diagramme de rayonnement en champ lointain à partir des valeurs du champ proche. Plusieurs applications ont permis de valider cette approche: l’étude du rayonnement d'un cylindre infini immergé dans un fluide illimité, puis l’étude du rayonnement d'une source plane de largeur finie montée dans un baffle rigide ou dans un baffle mou. Enfin, les diagrammes de rayonnement de barreaux de linbo#3, de largeur comparable à la longueur d'onde, ont alors été calculés et comparés, avec une excellente concordance, aux diagrammes expérimentaux. Ces différents développements permettront désormais l'optimisation d'un transducteur élémentaire, quel que soit le matériau. La prise en compte de l'amortisseur arrière et, éventuellement, des couches d'adaptation pourra être envisagée. Le couplage acoustique entre transducteurs voisins pourra aussi être étudié. La directivité réelle d'une antenne pourra ainsi être calculée de façon plus précise.
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Parmentier, Alain. "Acquisition de cartes denses pour la génération et le contrôle de formes vestimentaires." Valenciennes, 1994. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/96d52b8e-37f9-4146-8eaf-405f79a9426f.
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Cet expose concerne une application au contrôle de formes vestimentaires en confection. Un premier chapitre décrit des aspects liés au cadre d'application. L'élasticité, la souplesse des formes vestimentaires interdisent tout contrôle impliquant des palpeurs mécaniques. Un second chapitre consacre un état de l'art a des méthodes optiques ou ultrasonores. Un plan de traçage optique est retenu afin de contrôler des régions vestimentaires, à lentes variations de courbure et a réflectances lambertiennes. La pupille de sortie du montage, qui élargit un faisceau laser en un plan lumineux, s'apparente à une fente fine qui diffracte à l'infini. Décrit dans un troisième chapitre, le protocole expérimental présente plus particulièrement un atelier photographique, un calibre de formes et des modes d'habillage adaptés aux comportements textiles des tissus étudiés. Malgré un faible équipement, la production photographique est adaptée a des contraintes spécifiques. Un quatrième chapitre présente des outils de contrôle photographique et d'analyse d'images. La granularité laser affecte les images des motifs de lumière structurée. Localement, l'image de la trace du plan laser est identifiée par une corde. Cette approximation implique une discrimination radiométrique selon une loi statistique. Un filtrage morphologique permet d'isoler efficacement les images des motifs de lumière structurée. Un cinquième chapitre présente un environnement industriel logiciel requis par la conduite d'une application prototype, une évaluation expérimentale en fonction d'états de surfaces vestimentaires et des perspectives de développement. Indépendamment de leurs états de surfaces, le contrôle de formes vestimentaires dépend de spécifications morphologiques appropriées à des types de vêtements.
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Wilson, Louise Ann. "Emplacing, re-imaging and transforming 'missing' life-events : a feminine sublime approach to the creation of socially engaged scenography in site-specific walking-performance in rural landscapes." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2017. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/85071/.
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The aim of this practice-as-research project is to contribute to the emerging field of ‘socially engaged scenography’ through the creation of site-specific walking-performance pursued in tandem with theoretical inquiry giving particular emphasis to notions of pilgrimage for rites of passage. These notions are however, reframed and reworked through the lens of the concept of the feminine sublime, which allows me to work with notions of transformation in such a way that is non prescriptive and open-ended. The practical elements of the thesis embraced two specifically designed site-specific landscape walking-performances. The underlying subject matter of those performances was biological childlessness-by-circumstance and the ‘missing’ life-event of biological motherhood. The Gathering (2014) revealed the day-to-day and seasonal workings of Hafod y Llan, an upland sheep farm in Snowdonia, Wales. It was evolved through an extended period of research at the farm. In the performance the reproductive cycles of the ewes became a metaphor for human fertility and infertility, biological and non-biological motherhood and other pathways to, and types of, mothering and parenting. Warnscale: A Land Mark Walk Reflecting On Infertility and Childlessness (Warnscale) (2015-on-going), is a self-guided walking-performance specific to the Warnscale fells in Cumbria that is mediated through a published multi-layered walking-guide/art-book and aimed at women who are biologically childless-by-circumstance. This practice-as-research project proposes that by emplacing ‘missing’ life-events, for which traditional rites of passage or ceremonies do not exist, into a rural landscape scenographic-led walking-performance can enable participants to reflect upon, re-image and transform, even in the smallest of ways, their relation to and understanding of those ‘missing’ life-events. I argued that this ‘transformation’ is achieved through an applied use of the theoretical concept of the feminine sublime, which I interpreted and evolved into six scenographic principles. I then applied these six principles to the creation and performing of The Gathering and Warnscale, which, I suggest, functioned/function as ‘socially engaged contemporary scenography’. The six principles were developed through a close study of Dorothy Wordsworth’s (1771-1855) approach to, way of engaging with and writing about landscape (her ‘mode’) documented in her Grasmere Journals (1800-1803). This ‘mode’ can, I suggest, be understood and analysed through the concept of the feminine sublime and offers a counterpoint to the ‘masculine’ or ‘transcendent sublime’, which was dominant in the Early Romantic period in which she, and some of her female contemporaries who also informed the principles, were writing. This ‘mode’ parallels my scenographic-led process. To be clear: the concept of the feminine sublime is not about the female gender but a sensibility that manifests as a way of engaging with, walking through, or dwelling in and observing the landscape. My written thesis reveals that the performances had personal (for participants) and wider social effects in relation to the underlying subject matter of biological childlessness-by-circumstance. This is evidenced in the way they enabled individuals to transform positively their personal experiences of that ‘missing’ life-event and in their contribution to the growing networks of communication about this social issue, which carries the potential for social and cultural change, in matters relating to the underlying subject.
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Debavelaere, Dorothée. "Caractérisation de progéniteurs osseux en culture, développement d'une technique ultrasonore d'analyse dynamique." Valenciennes, 1996. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/155642e1-ddd5-4273-99c5-ea8f7bf9663f.
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La moelle osseuse est une source de cellules souches ostéogéniques que l'on utilise depuis peu en injection pour réparer certains retards de consolidation osseuse. Le potentiel ostéogénique variant d'un individu à l'autre, son évaluation est entreprise par la réalisation de cultures de prélèvements médullaires. Les techniques de caractérisation de cellules ostéogéniques classiquement utilisées (biologique ou biochimique) sont essentiellement qualitatives et destructives. Ceci entraine la multiplication des échantillons et rend difficile les suivis d'évolution en raison des dispersions de comportement entre cultures distinctes. Aussi, nos travaux ont consisté à développer une nouvelle technique permettant un suivi quantitatif du développement des cellules et compatible avec la stérilité nécessaire aux cultures. La méthode envisagée consiste à mesurer la réflexion d'ultrasons haute fréquence focalisés (50mhz) sur la face interne du substrat de verre sur lequel se sont développées les cellules, afin de réaliser une cartographie acoustique de chaque culture. Ces cartographies sont effectuées par utilisation des modes transversaux crées par conversion de polarisation aux interfaces. Elles permettent, après application d'un traitement d'image spécifique, de quantifier différents paramètres de type morphologique (nombre de colonies cellulaires, taille moyenne, taux de recouvrement). Ces paramètres ont été corrélés aux caractéristiques biologiques des cultures.
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Dore, Nicole. "Polarimetric multi-incidence angle analysis over the archaeological site of Samarra by means of RADARSAT-2 and ALOS PALSAR satellites datasets." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01060848.
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This work has as goal to study the microwaves behavior over the archaeological structures still visible in the historical city of Samarra, the capital of the ancient Abbasid Caliphate located in Iraq. Three areas were taken into account for the Ph.D. research: an octagonal city, three racecourses stadiums and the city of al-Mutawakkiliyya. Threats to which the site is exposed and its historical importance let the city to be inscribed in the list of UNESCO sites in danger (2007). This gave a reason more to investigate this area by means of SAR RADARSAT-2 and ALOS PALSAR satellites. SAR potentiality, in fact, is well known, in particular for those areas of the World where surveys in situ are not allowed because of political instability (as in the case of Samarra) and because of the possibility of acquiring with any cloud cover conditions and in any kind of illumination (day/night).
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Berrou, Anne. "Subporphyrines et liposomes bimodaux ou théranostiques pour l’imagerie Cherenkov." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. https://nuxeo.u-bourgogne.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/9533a12b-cbe8-4d29-ab6a-8e43c91995fe.
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Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le contexte de l’imagerie par Luminescence Cherenkov (CLI), apparue en 2009 et reposant sur des radioéléments émetteurs de la Radiation Cherenkov (CR).L’étude a spécifiquement développé des outils moléculaires et nanoparticulaires visant à aborder l’association du CR à la photothérapie dynamique (PDT), l’imagerie optique par émission de fluorescence et l’IRM.Les outils moléculaires appartiennent à la famille des subporphyrines, analogues tripyrroliques des porphyrines, présentant le quadruple avantage d’absorber dans la zone correspondant au pic d’émission du CR, d’être potentiellement radiomarquables, d’être assez stables et de présenter une forme concave contrariant leur agrégation. La structure des subporphyrines a été optimisée pour initier leurs premiers pas en biologie, en tant que fluorophores pour la microscopie et photosensibilisateurs pour la PDT. Puis une étude à chaud en présence de fluorodéoxyglucose radiomarqué [18F]-FDG et en l’absence de source d’irradiation exogène a validé l’utilisation des subporphyrines en PDT-Cherenkov.Les outils nanoparticulaires sont des liposomes embarquant deux composants de façon choisie sur deux sites distincts parmi les trois qu’offrent les vésicules lipidiques : surface externe, bicouche, lumen. Deux couples de sites ont été examinés. L’incorporation simultanée des agents d’imagerie hydrophiles et hydrophobes qui en résulte a permis : a) de rendre biocompatibles ces derniers (les rendre vectorisables en milieu aqueux, et donc de s’affranchir d’un co-solvant de type DMSO pour études biologiques), b) de conduire au double marquage cellulaire simultané sur deux sites différents (noyau, cytoplasme), c) d’envisager des transferts CRET et CRET-FRET liposomiaux futurs, d) l’incorporation d’agent de contraste pour l’IRM et un futur radiomarquage ciblent un agent magnéto-optique (nucléaire) visant à mieux adresser l’écart entre les deux techniques d’imagerieThis work is relevant to Cherenkov Luminescence Imaging (CLI), an imaging approach that appeared in 2009 and relies on radionuclides that emit Cherenkov Radiation (CR).The study specifically developed molecular and nanoparticular tools aimed at addressing the association of CR with photodynamic therapy (PDT), optical imaging from fluorescence emission, and MRI.The molecular probes belong to the subporphyrin family, which are tripyrrolic porphyrin analogs, the advantages of which are four-fold : they absorb in an area of the electromagnetic spectrum that matches the CR maximum peak emission, their radiolabeling is potentially achievable, they are fairly stable and their concave shape prevents aggregation. The subporphyrin structure has been optimized to get them in the biological field, such as fluorophores in microscopy and photosensitizers in PDT. Subsequent study carried out in the presence of radiolabeled fluorodeoxyglucose [18F]-FDG and in the absence of exogenous light sources showed the relevance of using subporphyrins in PDT-Cherenkov.Nanoparticular probes are liposomes that embark two components in two dedicated sites among three available at the lipidic vesicle: outer surface, bilayer, lumen. Two couples of sites have been examined. The resulting simultaneous incorporation of hydrophilic and hydrophobic imaging agents allowed to achieve or envision the followings : a) biocompatibility of the latter (vectorization in aqueous media to skip the co-solvent addition (such as DMSO) in biological studies), b) simultaneous double cell labelling on two different sites (nucleus, cytoplasm), c) future liposomal CRET and CRET-FRET transfers, d) incorporation of MRI contrast agents and future radiolabelling leading to magneto-optical (nuclear) imaging agents are aimed at better addressing/narrowing the gap between both optical and magnetic imaging techniques
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Delebarre, Christophe. "Caractérisation des milieux hétérogènes par traitement du signal ultrasonore rétrodiffusé." Valenciennes, 1987. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/8a8ee375-5986-4f43-bd0c-148bf953452b.
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Deux méthodes de traitement du signal ont été développées. La 1ere, basée sur l'utilisation de la fonction d'autocorrélation donne des résultats satisfaisants pour des milieux faiblement hétérogènes. La 2eme méthode fournit une valeur d'espacement moyen entre diffuseurs non biaisée même dans le cas de matériaux très hétérogènes. Cette méthode est basée sur l'utilisation du spectre de puissance des signaux rf rétrodiffusés en mode a. L'utilisation d'un milieu de simulation constitue de billes de polystyrène noyées dans l'eau, nous a permis de mettre en évidence l'intérêt de ces méthodes et de confirmer les résultats théoriques attendus. Ces techniques trouvent leur intérêt dans la caractérisation des milieux hétérogènes, dans la mesure des multicouches fines ainsi que dans le comptage de diffuseurs dans les milieux hétérogènes
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Lin, Qiaojin. "Axonal translation and links to neuropathies." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/273662.
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Neurons connect to their remote targets via axons, which usually survive for the lifetime of an organism. Spatiotemporal regulation of the axonal proteome by local protein synthesis (LPS) plays a critical role in neuronal wiring and axon survival, raising the intriguing possibility that some neurological disorders involve LPS dysfunction. To visualise LPS in situ, I optimised multiple imaging techniques to investigate Netrin-1-induced translation in cultured retinal axons. Total axonal protein synthesis measured by metabolic and puromycin labelling indicates axons experience stage-dependent alterations in translation rate upon Netrin-1 stimulation. Remarkably, Netrin-1 triggers a burst of β-actin synthesis starting within 20 seconds of cue application at multiple non-repetitive sites visualised by single molecule translation imaging, an approach that allows direct visualisation of translation dynamics in response to external stimuli. Further studies have shown that local translation can occur on Rab7a-associated late endosomes, where mRNA recruitment and translation are coordinately regulated. Notably, mRNAs encoding mitochondria-related proteins are found translating on late endosomes docking in the vicinity of mitochondria, suggesting late endosomes act as ‘platforms’ for the localised synthesis of mitochondrial proteins necessary for maintaining mitochondrial integrity. Moreover, this process is affected in axons expressing the Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2B (CMT2B)-related Rab7a mutants, leading to abnormal mitochondrial biogenesis and activity and compromised axon survival. Finally, attenuated de novo protein synthesis is observed in axons expressing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-associated fused in sarcoma (FUS) mutants and hypomethylated wild-type FUS. Live imaging reveals mislocalised mutant or hypomethylated FUS granules are transported along axons and accumulate at growth cones, possibly irreversibly trapping RNA molecules, resulting in reduced distance travelled by RNA granules in axons. Furthermore, mutant FUS expression results in defective retinal projections in vivo, highlighting the importance of RNA metabolism and local translation in axonal homeostatic mechanisms. In conclusion, aberrant translational activity in axons leads to prominent axonopathy, which recapitulates features of early stages of neurological diseases, providing the basis for novel therapeutic strategies.