Journal articles on the topic 'Images, Photographic – Digital techniques'
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Kubáček, D., E. M. Pittich, and J. Zvolánková. "Digital Processing on Comets." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 161 (1994): 321–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900047598.
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Several digital techniques have been used to remove large-scale background variations caused by manufacturing and technology of the photographic processing on old photographic plates ORWO ZU-21. Suppression of these large-scale background variations improved the study of large-scale phenomena in cometary plasma tails and the determination of the solar wind characteristics. The results obtained from five images of the comet Bradfield 1987 XXIX have been compared. It has been shown that the simple digital techniques used were applicable also to photographic plates with images of lesser quality. They may be utilized in the treatment of old photographic plate archives.
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Maričević, Marko, Petra Ptiček, and Ivana Žganjar. "Recognition Model of Counterfeiting Digital Records of Biometric Photographic Image." Tehnički glasnik 16, no. 1 (February 4, 2022): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31803//tg-20210714171523.
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Biometric portrait as one of the most important means of identifying requirements through strict definition of dimensional relationships, preservation of realistic information about all technical characteristics of the photographic image, so that all biometric values can be digitized and used in recognition. The great variety and accessibility of applications for digital processing of digital record of a photographic image has enabled a visually convincing display of a forged photograph that leaves a different impression on the viewer and transmits a different, that is, a forged message. Due to the need to prove the authenticity of the digital record of the photographic image, methods have been developed for the analysis of the record that can detect deviations from the real record even when there are no visual signs of processing the photographic image. Not all analysis techniques can detect certain methods of photo manipulation, so multiple digital photography detection and analysis techniques need to be applied. In order to prove its authenticity, the scientific paper deals with methods for analysis and detection of forgery of digital photography with respect to the digital record and the structure of JPEG format.
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McConnell, James. "(320) Photographic and Post-processing Techniques for Horticultural Images." HortScience 41, no. 4 (July 2006): 1045A—1045. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.4.1045a.
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Numerous shooting and post-production techniques can be used to improve the quality of images used in horticultural publications. Certain lenses, lens attachments, and camera accessories are useful for enabling greater success in photographing plants. Small diffusers and reflectors allow the shooting of close-ups in the field, even when the sun is directly overhead. Shift lenses can be used to photograph trees at a closer distance without the extreme distortion of wide focal length lenses. Stitching of multiple images to produce panoramic shots can produce images with increased resolution, less distortion, and without the need for a wide-angle lens. Experiences with digital asset management management and post-production workflows are also presented.
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Basanth Kumar, Halaguru Basavarajappa, and Haranahalli Rajanna Chennamma. "Dataset for classification of computer graphic images and photographic images." IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) 11, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijai.v11.i1.pp137-147.
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<span lang="EN-US">The recent advancements in computer graphics (CG) image rendering techniques have made it easy for the content creators to produce high quality computer graphics similar to photographic images (PG) confounding the most naïve users. Such images used with negative intent, cause serious problems to the society. In such cases, proving the authenticity of an image is a big challenge in digital image forensics due to high photo-realism of CG images. Existing datasets used to assess the performance of classification models are lacking with: (i) larger dataset size, (ii) diversified image contents, and (iii) images generated with the recent digital image rendering techniques. To fill this gap, we created two new datasets, namely, ‘JSSSTU CG and PG image dataset’ and ‘JSSSTU PRCG image dataset’. Further, the complexity of the new datasets and benchmark datasets are evaluated using handcrafted texture feature descriptors such as gray level co-occurrence matrix, local binary pattern and VGG variants (VGG16 and VGG19) which are pre-trained convolutional neural network (CNN) models. Experimental results showed that the CNN-based pre-trained techniques outperformed the conventional support vector machine (SVM)-based classifier in terms of classification accuracy. Proposed datasets have attained a low f-score when compared to existing datasets indicating they are very challenging.</span>
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Kumar, Halaguru Basavarajappa Basanth, and Haranahalli Rajanna Chennamma. "Classification of Computer Graphic Images and Photographic Images Based on Fusion of Color and Texture Features." Revue d'Intelligence Artificielle 35, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ria.350303.
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With the rapid advancement in digital image rendering techniques, allows the user to create surrealistic computer graphic (CG) images which are hard to distinguish from photographs captured by digital cameras. In this paper, classification of CG images and photographic (PG) images based on fusion of global features is presented. Color and texture of an image represents global features. Texture feature descriptors such as gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) and local binary pattern (LBP) are considered. Different combinations of these global features are investigated on various datasets. Experimental results show that, fusion of color and texture features subset can achieve best classification results over other feature combinations.
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Almeida Magalhães, Cristina, Perrin Smith Neto, Pedro Américo Almeida Magalhães Júnior, and Clovis Sperb de Barcellos. "Separation of Isochromatics and Isoclinics Phasemaps for the Photoelastic Technique with use Phase Shifting and a Large Number of High Precision Images." Metrology and Measurement Systems 20, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mms-2013-0012.
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Abstract Digital photoelasticity is an important optical metrology follow-up for stress and strain analysis using full-field digital photographic images. Advances in digital image processing, data acquisition, procedures for pattern recognition and storage capacity enable the use of the computer-aided technique in automation and facilitate improvement of the digital photoelastic technique. The objective of this research is to find new equations for a novel phase-shifting method in digital photoelasticity. Some innovations are proposed. In terms of phaseshifting, only the analyzer is rotated, and the other equations are deduced by applying a new numerical technique instead of the usual algebraic techniques. This approach can be used to calculate a larger sequence of images. Each image represents a pattern and a measurement of the stresses present in the object. A decrease in the mean errors was obtained by increasing the number of observations. A reduction in the difference between the theoretical and experimental values of stresses was obtained by increasing the number of images in the equations for calculating phase. Every photographic image has errors and random noise, but the uncertainties due to these effects can be reduced with a larger number of observations. The proposed method with many images and high accuracy is a good alternative to the photoelastic techniques.
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Morrison, Annie O., and Jerad M. Gardner. "Microscopic Image Photography Techniques of the Past, Present, and Future." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 139, no. 12 (May 19, 2015): 1558–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2014-0315-ra.
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Context The field of pathology is driven by microscopic images. Educational activities for trainees and practicing pathologists alike are conducted through exposure to images of a variety of pathologic entities in textbooks, publications, online tutorials, national and international conferences, and interdepartmental conferences. During the past century and a half, photographic technology has progressed from primitive and bulky, glass-lantern projector slides to static and/or whole slide digital-image formats that can now be transferred around the world in a matter of moments via the Internet. Objective To provide a historic and technologic overview of the evolution of microscopic-image photographic tools and techniques. Data Sources Primary historic methods of microscopic image capture were delineated through interviews conducted with senior staff members in the Emory University Department of Pathology. Searches for the historic image-capturing methods were conducted using the Google search engine. Google Scholar and PubMed databases were used to research methods of digital photography, whole slide scanning, and smart phone cameras for microscopic image capture in a pathology practice setting. Conclusions Although film-based cameras dominated for much of the time, the rise of digital cameras outside of pathology generated a shift toward digital-image capturing methods, including mounted digital cameras and whole slide digital-slide scanning. Digital image capture techniques have ushered in new applications for slide sharing and second-opinion consultations of unusual or difficult cases in pathology. With their recent surge in popularity, we suspect that smart phone cameras are poised to become a widespread, cost-effective method for pathology image acquisition.
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Vieira, Filipe Gomes, Alexandre S. Scari, Pedro Américo Almeida Magalhães Júnior, Jordana S. R. Martins, and Cristina Almeida Magalhães. "Analysis of Stresses in a Tapered Roller Bearing Using Three-Dimensional Photoelasticity and Stereolithography." Materials 12, no. 20 (October 20, 2019): 3427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12203427.
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Digital photoelasticity is an important segment of optical metrology for stress analysis by digital photographic images. Advances in digital image processing, data acquisition, standard recognition and data storage allow the utilization of computer-aided techniques in the automation and improvement of the digital photoelastic technique. The objective of this study is to develop new techniques using 3D rapid prototyping with transparent resins in digital photoelasticity. Some innovations are proposed (e.g., a tapered roller bearing built with 3D rapid prototyping with transparent resin and the final assembly with the specimens prototyped separately). A metrology study is carried out with the new techniques developed.
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Kwaku, Timothy. "Steganalysis Method for LSB Replacement Based On Local Gradient of Image Histogram." Advances in Multidisciplinary and scientific Research Journal Publication 10, no. 4 (November 30, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.22624/aims/digital/v10n4p1.
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Today's encryption and decryption processes rely heavily on the use of modern stenography techniques, which ultimately lead to steganalysis. Because of its enormous benefits, such as the protection of information or the transport of data, steganalysis is increasingly becoming an interesting research topic. This investigation is primarily concerned with steganalysis techniques, more specifically those that are utilized on photographic images. In this research, the many LSB steganalysis processes that are supported by previous research are investigated further, along with the outcomes of those operations. According to the findings of this research, in order for modern steganography and steganalysis techniques to be more efficient, they need to fundamentally incorporate artificial intelligence and machine learning methodologies. Keywords: Steganalysis, LSB, Replacement, Local Gradient, Image Histogram
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Vucetic, C., D. Milovanovic, B. Dulic, I. Dimitrijevic, N. Kalezic, and G. Tulic. "Primena digitalne video tehnike u ortopediji." Acta chirurgica Iugoslavica 53, no. 4 (2006): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/aci0604099v.
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Digital video technologies are new and powerful tools with wide applications in orthopedic. Already integral to several common medical devices, digital images can be used for case documentation and presentation as well for diagnostic and surgical patient care information. Digital technologies allow easy manipulation of photographic, video and graphic materials in ways that were impossible with conventional techniques. Educational presentation has been transformed by use of computers and digital projectors. Understanding the basic foundations of digital imaging technology is important for effectively creating digital images, videos and presentations. In this review, we are going to discuss some of the issues that are raised by digital imaging in orthopedics, digital image processing, as well as, we are giving some recommendations for good quality of pre-, post- and intra-operative photographs in clinical use.
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Wiest, Steven C. "Quantitative Analysis of Turfgrass Plots." HortScience 31, no. 4 (August 1996): 689g—690. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.689g.
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A system for the digital analysis of photographic prints of turfgrass plots is being developed. The 3-year-old turfgrass plots included Meyer zoysiagrass, Midlawn bermudagrass, Prairie buffalograss and Mustang tall fescue. The plots were photographed by a camera with a small dual bubble level on the camera back and a 28-mm-wide angle lens. Photographs were digitized with flatbed scanners. The images can then be analyzed in a variety of ways. For example, a series of photographs were taken from mid-Sept. through late Oct 1995 and spectral analysis of the resultant digital images were made. The initial RGB (red-greenblue) format of the images was converted to HSI (hue-saturation-intensity) for analysis. The results indicate, obviously, that hue changed from 104 (i.e., green) to 75.7 degrees (i.e., brownish) between the beginning and end of Oct. 1995. Similarly, intensity changed from ≈0.12 to ≈0.16 during the same time period, indicating that the images became darker over time. These phenomena were observed in all four species examined. However, the saturation value evoked a significant species * date interaction. The three warm-season species showed a decrease in saturation, while Mustang had no significant decrease during Oct. Spectral as well as textural analysis are likely the two most useful techniques in the digital analysis of turfgrass plots. Examples of both will be presented.
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Abdullah A. Hussain and Ghadah K. AL-Khafaji. "A Pixel Based Method for Image Compression." Tikrit Journal of Pure Science 26, no. 1 (December 3, 2022): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.v26i1.108.
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The basic solution to overcome difficult issues related to huge size of digital images is to recruited image compression techniques to reduce images size for efficient storage and fast transmission. In this paper, a new scheme of pixel base technique is proposed for grayscale image compression that implicitly utilize hybrid techniques of spatial modelling base technique of minimum residual along with transformed technique of Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) that also impels mixed between lossless and lossy techniques to ensure highly performance in terms of compression ratio and quality. The proposed technique has been applied on a set of standard test images and the results obtained are significantly encourage compared with Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG).
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Polizzotto, Leonard. "Hard-copy imaging options." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 51 (August 1, 1993): 552–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100148599.
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Photographic film has played a central role in the recording of microscope images since the invention of photography in the 1830s. Photography rapidly creates an accurate record of the microscopic specimen and avoids the subjectivity that was inherent in written and artistic descriptions of visual observations. Both instant and conventional films offer high resolution, the ability to record a large tonal gradation, and a stable media for long-term data storage. Newer techniques, such as thermal, ink jet, and laser prints, have grown in popularity because they offer ease-of-use or lower per-image cost. Despite recent improvements, none of these techniques offer the resolution or stability of a photograph. In general, people have been forced to sacrifice quality and permanence in order to achieve the lower per-image cost and ease-of-use promised by alternative recording systems.Photographic hard copy has traditionally served as both the communication and storage medium. The introduction of digital storage methods has made these functions more distinct.
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Cerasoni, Jacopo Niccolò, Felipe do Nascimento Rodrigues, Yu Tang, and Emily Yuko Hallett. "Do-It-Yourself digital archaeology: Introduction and practical applications of photography and photogrammetry for the 2D and 3D representation of small objects and artefacts." PLOS ONE 17, no. 4 (April 15, 2022): e0267168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267168.
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Photography and photogrammetry have recently become among the most widespread and preferred visualisation methods for the representation of small objects and artefacts. People want to see the past, not only know about it; and the ability to visualise objects into virtually realistic representations is fundamental for researchers, students and educators. Here, we present two new methods, the ‘Small Object and Artefact Photography’ (‘SOAP’) and the ‘High Resolution “DIY” Photogrammetry’ (‘HRP’) protocols. The ‘SOAP’ protocol involves the photographic application of modern digital techniques for the representation of any small object. The ‘HRP’ protocol involves the photographic capturing, digital reconstruction and three-dimensional representation of small objects. These protocols follow optimised step-by-step explanations for the production of high-resolution two- and three-dimensional object imaging, achievable with minimal practice and access to basic equipment and softwares. These methods were developed to allow anyone to easily and inexpensively produce high-quality images and models for any use, from simple graphic visualisations to complex analytical, statistical and spatial analyses.
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Cartwright, Joiner. "Digital Scanning, Archiving, and Transmitting Electron Micrographs." Microscopy Today 13, no. 2 (March 2005): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500051440.
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The primary responsibility of the clinical electron microscopy laboratory is to produce, and deliver to the pathologist or clinician, high quality ultrastructural images of pathological specimens in a timely manner. In order to facilitate this process, medical EM labs are converting from traditional chemical processing of photographic film and paper to the acquisition and transmission of electron images by computer. Ideally the electron microscope would incorporate a digital camera in the column to collect the images, thus bypassing chemical processing of film and paper altogether. However, due mainly to the high cost of the in-column cameras, many labs continue to use film, but replace the time consuming enlarging/printing in the darkroom with digital techniques at the computer.
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Gentet, Philippe, Yves Gentet, and Seunghyun Lee. "Holostereosynthesis: An Improvement to Louis Lumière’s Photostereosynthesis Technique." Applied Sciences 12, no. 24 (December 7, 2022): 12524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122412524.
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In 1920, Louis Lumière, one of the fathers of Cinématograph, invented photostereosynthesis, a photography technique that could recreate three-dimensional images without a specific artifice. This method involved stacking six to eight photographs of the same subject, usually a portrait, recorded with a progressive shift in focus and observed together through transparency. This invention remained at the laboratory experiment stage, and only a dozen portraits of famous people from the time of Lumière are known. The final device is a complex assembly of glass plates mounted on a wooden frame, and it is fragile, bulky, heavy, and difficult to build and observe. Here, we demonstrate that we can replace the stack of photographic plates with a single reflection hologram. Experiments were successfully conducted using the digital CHIMERA holographic stereogram printing technique. This new method of holostereosynthesis will facilitate the restoration and dissemination of the historical portraits originally recorded by Louis Lumière and may also allow the creation of brand new images.
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Buonaquisit, Anthony D. "Digital Imaging for TEM Part 1." Microscopy Today 2, no. 5 (August 1994): 24–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500066293.
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We are all familiar with digital imaging for SEM instruments. Digital Imaging for TEM applications is not as well established. Nevertheless, it seems clear that it will not be long before digital imaging for TEM becomes common place. Systems are improving and costs are plummeting. With this in mind it is timely to review what digital imaging for TEM involves.In normal TEM operation an electron bream is scattered through a thin section of a sample. Physical mechanisms cause the electrons of the beam to scatter, producing bright-field images, dark-field images and diffraction patterns. The operator adjusts the instrument to display one of these images on the instrument's viewing screen. A photographic record is collected by flipping the viewing screen and exposing a sheet of film held in the TEM's camera. Exposed negatives can be removed for developing and printing in batches, using standard darkroom techniques.
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Kumar, Manoj, Anuj Rani, and Sangeet Srivastava. "Image Forensics Based on Lighting Estimation." International Journal of Image and Graphics 19, no. 03 (July 2019): 1950014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219467819500141.
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Computer generated images are assumed to be a key part in each person’s life in this era of information technology, where individuals effectively inhabit the advertisements, magazines, websites, televisions and many more. At the point when digital images played their role, the event of violations in terms of misrepresentation of information, use of their wrong doings winds up and also becomes easier with the help of image editing application programs. To be legitimate, if anyone does wrong anything then the proposed method can be used for a correct identification of the forgery and the imitations in the digital images. In existing techniques, researchers have suggested most well-known types of digital photographic manipulations based on source, meta-data, image copying, splicing and many more. The proposed approach is inspired by physics-based techniques and requires less human involvement. The presented approach works for images having any type of objects present in the scene, i.e. not only limited to human faces and selection of same intensity regions of the image. By assessing the lighting parameters, the proposed technique identifies the manipulated object and returns angle of incidence w.r.t light source direction. The demonstrated result produces forgery recognition rate of 92% on an image dataset comprising of various types of manipulated images.
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Šejbl, Jan. "Photographic Estate of Barbora Markéta Eliášová in the Náprstek Museum Collections: Negatives and Slides." Annals of the Náprstek Museum 43, no. 2 (2022): 55–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/anpm.2022.010.
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The study focuses on the photographic negatives and slides from the personal estate of traveller Barbora Marketa Eliášova stored in the National Museum – Náprstek Museum of Asian, African and American Cultures. Photographic negatives and slides were divided between the archival fund and the museum collection. With the use of digital technologies, it was possible to reunite separated parts and study them as a whole. For negatives, the main question was to find out which images Eliášova took herself on her travels and which are image reproductions from other sources. In the same way, slides were examined as evidence of the use of photographic techniques in lecture activities.
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Sverrisson, Árni. "Photographic techniques and photographers’ networks: The challenge of digital image production1." Visual Sociology 13, no. 1 (January 1998): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14725869808583786.
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Scott, George. "Digital imagery for making plates." Journal of Micropalaeontology 14, no. 2 (October 1, 1995): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jm.14.2.118.
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Abstract. Although the resolution and depth of focus provided by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revolutionized the examination of several groups of microfossils, conventional photographic techniques are normally outlined in instructions for preparation of micrographs for publication (Whittaker & Hodgkinson, 1991). While the quality of results attainable by following these methods is very high, digital image recording and processing techniques are now well developed and readily available. This note outlines some advantages of digital techniques in the preparation of SEM images for publication.DIGITAL RECORDINGSecondary electron and other detectors attached to the SEM produce analogue (waveform) signals. In early instruments only these analogue signals were processed and displayed. Modern designs quantize signals from the detector as pixels (picture elements) which represent grey levels along scan lines. Pixel information is processed by the SEM on-board computer and saved as an image file. Importantly, the basic hardware to convert the analogue signal to digital form is simple and can be readily retro-fitted to early instruments. Our Philips PSEM 500 was adapted to record 128 grey levels at 800 pixels/line over 600 lines/frame, a minimum specification for professional work. Many micropalaeontologists will find that their SEM laboratories can supply digital files at higher resolutions. However, an essential point is to work with images recorded digitally directly from the SEM video channel, so avoiding potential degradation due to scanning of images recorded on film from the SEM monitors.DIGITAL PROCESSINGI use Photostyler (a PC image editor by Aldus Corp.) for plate composition. It resembles. . .
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Khlebnikova, Tatyana, and Symbat Aubakirova. "DEVELOPMENT OF THE TECHNIQUE FOR CREATING THREE-DIMENSIONAL VIDEO SCENES WHILE BUILDING OBJECTS OF CHEMICAL ENTERPRISES ON TERRITORIES OF KAZAHSTAN." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 1, no. 1 (2019): 259–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2019-1-1-259-264.
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The article is devoted to some issues concerning the improvement of techniques for stages control, while building the objects of chemical enterprises on territories in Kazakhstan. Nowadays, one of the types of control is the one through single photographs obtained by means of digital cam-eras. But, even visual inspection of the entire object is not possible with the application of single im-ages. The authors suggest to conduct aerial photographic survey of an object, photogrammetric im-ages processing, the object or the local areas 3D-model design while performing any work stage or its completion. The Agisoft PhotoScan Programme for experimental studies was chosen. The survey was carried out with Huawei Nova 2i RNE-L21 Graphite Black smartphone. As a result, due to to-photogrammetric images processing, the point digital model, providing visual object correctness was obtained.
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Marko, Michael, ArDean Leith, and Donald Parsons. "Advantages of using Digitized Micrographs for Serial-Section 3-D Reconstruction." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 1 (August 12, 1990): 548–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s042482010018149x.
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Digitized micrographs provide advantages in making 3-D reconstructions from serial sections. The use of image enhancement, magnification zoom, synthetic stereo, and rapid interactive review of the entire set of serial sections improves the accuracy and ease of reconstruction. We use the STERECON system for tracing contours from serial sections, storing the contour data, editing, and displaying the 3-D reconstructions. STERECON has options for stereoscopic input and display. Either digitized or conventional photographic images can be used with the system.Structures can be traced more easily in digitally-enhanced images. Digital image enhancement techniques have been extensively developed in the medical imaging field, and many of the same techniques are also useful for microscopy. Among the most difficult images to deal with photographically are those which have uneven exposure or a large variation in density. Since photographic film has a wider dynamic range than paper, it is difficult to bring out details in both light and dark areas of the image on the same print. Dodging results in loss of contrast which cannot always be recovered by using higher contrast grades of paper. Routine digital techniques can easily deal with this situation. In addition, nearly invisible, very-low-contrast structures in the image can be made distinct. Most importantly, edges of structures can be enhanced for more accurate tracing of contours. The extension of this is automatic contouring, which is used with varying degrees of success, depending on the complexity of the image.
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Sabuncuoğlu, Hakan, Pakrit Jittapiromsak, Robert F. Spetzler, and Mark C. Preul. "Rapid, Simple Technique to Extend Depth of Field in Microneurosurgical Images: Technical Note." Operative Neurosurgery 65, suppl_6 (December 1, 2009): onsE73—onsE74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000345629.04521.33.
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Abstract Objective: To increase the extent of the depth of field and focal sharpness in highly magnified image series from cadaveric microneurosurgical anatomic study or live surgery photographs obtained with the operating microscope, providing a higher quality and more satisfactory photographic and imaging experience. Methods: We used a computer workstation, CombineZM software (Alan Hadley, United Kingdom, www.hadleyweb.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/), an injected cadaver head specimen, and an operating microscope equipped with a digital single-lens reflex camera. Fifteen images were obtained of the dissection area through an anterior petrosal approach. The focus point was fixed to different points in each image. The images were loaded into CombineZM software for processing. Results: The stacking process of photographs with CombineZM freeware provides significant increase in extent of depth of field and wider area of image clarity, producing a sharp, high-quality image. Conclusion: An image processed from a stack of photographs from cadaveric microneurosurgical studies or from the operating microscope in live surgery can be rendered to show extended 3-dimensional depth of field and clarity. This method offers improvements for editing, displaying, and publishing neurosurgical anatomic images.
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Mackenzie, Louis, and Mike Sharland. "Dental Photography: a Practical Guide." Dental Update 47, no. 10 (November 2, 2020): 802–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/denu.2020.47.10.802.
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The use of photography in dentistry is well established. Progressive technological improvements and dedicated training and practice in the use of specialized dental photography equipment enables novice clinical photographers to quickly become as proficient as experienced experts. The range of applications for dental photography continues to grow and may enhance the assessment, diagnosis and management of the majority of patients. Digital single lens reflex (DSLR) cameras, coupled with macro lenses and specialized flashes, may predictably be expected to deliver the highest quality clinical images. As mastery of dental photography requires optimization of equipment, settings and photographic techniques, this article is designed to provide detailed practical guidance for clinicians wishing to incorporate dental photography as a routine component of clinical practice and to provide guidance on optimizing the use of photography to enhance remote patient consultations. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Dental photography has an important role in optimizing face-to-face and virtual patient care in contemporary general dental practice.
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Morgan, Helen R., Nick Reid, and John T. Hunter. "Estimation of aboveground herbaceous biomass using visually ranked digital photographs." Rangeland Journal 40, no. 1 (2018): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj17033.
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Methods for estimating aboveground herbaceous biomass in the field have generally involved calibrating visual estimates against clipped, dried and weighed biomass samples, requiring lengthy periods of estimation and destructive sampling in the field. Here we developed and tested a photographic estimation technique (PET) that minimises field time and provides accurate estimates of aboveground herbaceous biomass. Photographs of the biomass to be estimated taken in the field are ranked against calibration images of known biomass in the laboratory. The study was conducted in New South Wales, Australia, in grassy forest dells and grasslands at Booroolong Nature Reserve in the temperate New England Tablelands Bioregion and in semi-arid grassy shrubland on Naree Station in the arid Mulga Lands Bioregion. Photographs of quadrats containing the herbaceous biomass to be estimated were taken in successive years at both sites. Calibration and validation quadrats were also photographed, and the vegetation clipped, bagged, dried and weighed. The calibration and validation photographs were rank-ordered independently by three observers in terms of estimated dry weight, and the validation quadrats assigned a putative dry weight by reference to the known weights of the calibration images in the rank order. The accuracy of each observer’s estimates was assessed by regressing the estimated weight of each validation quadrat against the actual weight, which was withheld from the observer during the estimation procedure. Regression analysis of visually estimated weights on actual weights of validation quadrats yielded regression coefficients (R2) of 0.80–0.98 and 0.81–0.97 in the temperate-zone and arid-zone sites, respectively. PET was reliably used to visually estimate aboveground herbaceous biomass across a range of communities in two different climatic zones. The benefits of PET include reduced field time, minimisation of destructive sampling and avoidance of observer drift in estimating biomass in the field.
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Hild, Ann L., E. B. Fish, and D. L. Morgan. "DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING FOR NON-DESTRUCTIVE MEASURES OF WOODY SHRUBS." HortScience 25, no. 9 (September 1990): 1064b—1064. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1064b.
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For multi-stemmed shrubs, especially those with fine foliage, obtaining measures of leaf area or density of foliage and twigs within the crown may be both difficult and time-consuming. However, this measure may be an indication of the ornamental quality of a species. A method of photographic analysis was developed to perform repeated measures within the crown of woody shrubs. Slides of 5 species of arid land woody shrubs were analyzed by use of a Visual Image Processor system. This digital imaging technique may be applied where comparative measures over time for individual plants is useful. Comparisons were made of slides taken in the fall of 1989 and the spring and fall of 1990. The use Of slides limited handling or removal of any portion of the plants. Initial care in slide production and continuity of photographic techniques permits consistent results between measurement dates. This computerized method al lows comparative analysis of the growth and “fullness” of plant crowns.
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Cabezos-Bernal, Pedro M., Pablo Rodriguez-Navarro, and Teresa Gil-Piqueras. "Documenting Paintings with Gigapixel Photography." Journal of Imaging 7, no. 8 (August 21, 2021): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jimaging7080156.
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Digital photographic capture of pictorial artworks with gigapixel resolution (around 1000 megapixels or greater) is a novel technique that is beginning to be used by some important international museums as a means of documentation, analysis, and dissemination of their masterpieces. This line of research is extremely interesting, not only for art curators and scholars but also for the general public. The results can be disseminated through online virtual museum displays, offering a detailed interactive visualization. These virtual visualizations allow the viewer to delve into the artwork in such a way that it is possible to zoom in and observe those details, which would be negligible to the naked eye in a real visit. Therefore, this kind of virtual visualization using gigapixel images has become an essential tool to enhance cultural heritage and to make it accessible to everyone. Since today’s professional digital cameras provide images of around 40 megapixels, obtaining gigapixel images requires some special capture and editing techniques. This article describes a series of photographic methodologies and equipment, developed by the team of researchers, that have been put into practice to achieve a very high level of detail and chromatic fidelity, in the documentation and dissemination of pictorial artworks. The result of this research work consisted in the gigapixel documentation of several masterpieces of the Museo de Bellas Artes of Valencia, one of the main art galleries in Spain. The results will be disseminated through the Internet, as will be shown with some examples.
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Rodríguez Miranda, Á., and J. M. Valle Melón. "RECOVERING OLD STEREOSCOPIC NEGATIVES AND PRODUCING DIGITAL 3D MODELS OF FORMER APPEARANCES OF HISTORIC BUILDINGS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W3 (February 23, 2017): 601–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w3-601-2017.
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Three-dimensional models with photographic textures have become a usual product for the study and dissemination of elements of heritage. The interest for cultural heritage also includes evolution along time; therefore, apart from the 3D models of the current state, it is interesting to be able to generate models representing how they were in the past. To that end, it is necessary to resort to archive information corresponding to the moments that we want to visualize. <br><br> This text analyses the possibilities of generating 3D models of surfaces with photographic textures from old collections of analog negatives coming from works of terrestrial stereoscopic photogrammetry of historic buildings. The case studies presented refer to the geometric documentation of a small hermitage (done in 1996) and two sections of a wall (year 2000). <br><br> The procedure starts with the digitization of the film negatives and the processing of the images generated, after which a combination of different methods for 3D reconstruction and texture wrapping are applied: techniques working simultaneously with several images (such as the algorithms of Structure from Motion – SfM) and single image techniques (such as the reconstruction based on vanishing points). Then, the features of the obtained models are described according to the geometric accuracy, completeness and aesthetic quality. In this way, it is possible to establish the real applicability of the models in order to be useful for the aforementioned historical studies and dissemination purposes. <br><br> The text also wants to draw attention to the importance of preserving the documentary heritage available in the collections of negatives in archival custody and to the increasing difficulty of using them due to: (1) problems of access and physical conservation, (2) obsolescence of the equipment for scanning and stereoplotting and (3) the fact that the software for processing digitized photographs is discontinued.
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Scott, Samantha L., Rick Rohde, and Timm Hoffman. "Repeat Landscape Photography, Historical Ecology and the Wonder of Digital Archives in Southern Africa." African Research & Documentation 131 (2017): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305862x00022512.
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Environmental history projects using repeat photography often involve the acquisition of large collections of historical and current images, matching those images for comparative analysis, and then cataloguing and archiving the imagery for long-term storage and later use (Webb et ah, 2010). When used in combination with other techniques, repeat photography is an excellent tool for documenting change (Gruell, 2010) and has been used in a variety of disciplines, including historical ecology, to determine changes in plant populations, soil erosion, climate trends and ecological processes to name a few. Historical photographs often provide greater temporal range to an analysis compared to, for example, satellite imagery and in many cases even aerial photography (Gruell, 2010).
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Scott, Samantha L., Rick Rohde, and Timm Hoffman. "Repeat Landscape Photography, Historical Ecology and the Wonder of Digital Archives in Southern Africa." African Research & Documentation 131 (2017): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305862x00022512.
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Environmental history projects using repeat photography often involve the acquisition of large collections of historical and current images, matching those images for comparative analysis, and then cataloguing and archiving the imagery for long-term storage and later use (Webb et ah, 2010). When used in combination with other techniques, repeat photography is an excellent tool for documenting change (Gruell, 2010) and has been used in a variety of disciplines, including historical ecology, to determine changes in plant populations, soil erosion, climate trends and ecological processes to name a few. Historical photographs often provide greater temporal range to an analysis compared to, for example, satellite imagery and in many cases even aerial photography (Gruell, 2010).
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Mascorro, Josè A. "Utilizing Original TEM Negatives and Micrographs For Teaching in the Digital Domain." Microscopy Today 10, no. 3 (May 2002): 33–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500058053.
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Original transmission electron micrographs illustrating a variety of biological tissues are excellent tools that can be used in the education and examination of first year medical students. Many of these valued micrographs (and the negatives that produced them) date back to the 1960s, to the time when this researcher started a career in microscopy that continues to this day, To avoid returning to the darkroom and laborious photographic techniques, original negatives were scanned to produce micrographs for use in written or laboratory examinations or as images transported into Power Point lecture presentations. Original micrographs also were scanned and provided additional educational materials.
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Alani, R., and M. Pan. "“In-Situ” TEM Studies and “Real-Time” Digital Imaging." Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (August 2000): 1018–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600037582.
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“In-situ” TEM studies is currently going through resurgence for materials microcharacterization. One important aspect of these studies has always been the image recording process. Traditionally, the following analog image recording techniques have been used: i) “static” images taken by photographic films and ii) viewing the images with a TV camera and recording them onto a videotape [1]. On the other hand, with the advent of CCD cameras and its rapid evolution for digital “static” imaging in TEM [2-3], “real-time” digital imaging for “in-situ” experimentation has been in high demand. In this work, we report the utilization of a new CCD camera for both “real-time” and “static” image acquisitions. The performance of the camera is shown for heating/cooling “in-situ” TEM experiments performed on an aluminum alloy using a double tilt hot stage.We have utilized a newly designed CCD camera that addresses imaging needs for “in-situ” applications.
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Magalhaes, C. A., P. S. Neto, P. A. A. Magalhaes, and C. S. de Barcellos. "Numerical Methods for the Photoelastic Technique using Phase Shifting." Journal of Mechanics 31, no. 4 (August 2015): 355–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jmech.2015.20.
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AbstractThe objective of this research is to find new equations for a novel phase-shifting method in digital photoelasticity. Some innovations are proposed. In terms of phase-shifting, only the analyzer is rotated, and the other equations are deduced by applying a new numerical technique instead of the usual algebraic techniques. This approach can be used to calculate a larger sequence of images. Each image represents a pattern and a measurement of the stresses present in the object. A reduction in the difference between the theoretical and experimental values of stresses was obtained by increasing the number of images in the equations for calculating phase. Every photographic image has errors and random noise, but the uncertainties due to these effects can be reduced with a larger number of observations.
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Innis, J. L., P. Heil, K. Thompson, and D. W. Coates. "An Historical Light Curve of CF Octantis from Digitised Images of the Bamberg Plate Archive." Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia 21, no. 3 (2004): 284–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/as03015.
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AbstractDigital images were made of Bamberg Observatory Sky Patrol plates of the field surrounding the active-chromosphere star CF Octantis (HD 196818). These images, taken with an inexpensive camera, were analysed using standard aperture photometry techniques. Good agreement was found with catalogued photographic magnitudes for stars in the range mpg ∼8.5 to ∼10.5. The root-mean-square deviations in the measured differences for non-variable field stars was found to be of order 0.10 mag, although a small number of larger differences occurred. For CF Oct, a period search of data from 1966 recovered the known 20 d variation due to starspot rotational modulation, with a range of variation of order 0.5 mag photographic. For active-chromosphere stars with moderately large photometric variations (>∼0.3 mag), and moderate to long rotation periods (>∼1 week), careful analysis of similarly obtained digital copies of archive plates may provide valuable insights into historical actvity.
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Kang, Juhyeon. "A Study on the Surreal Space in Modern Plastic Photography." Korean Society of Culture and Convergence 44, no. 12 (December 31, 2022): 387–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.33645/cnc.2022.12.44.12.387.
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This research aims to study the surreal space that appears in modern plastic photography by analyzing its surreality, which is a spatial characteristic of plastic photography, from a visual, figurative, and interactive perspective. Marey's chronophotographie expands the concept of space according to the superpositioning process of real space, showing a surreal space from a visual perspective through superimposed images. The surrealism of photomontage, created by Krauss' redundant process of spacing, extends images separated by the concept of desublimation in writing into unconscious acts of connection, creating a surreal space from a figurative perspective. Mitchell’s thinking about post-photography is to recognize the place and space in the photograph as a complex of interactions, centering on digital images and editing techniques performed in online networks and computer programs. Based on this way of thinking, the works of Andreas Gursky and Shinichi Maruyama, which show non-placed, non-material absent landscapes, appear as surreal spaces with a reciprocal perspective created by digital images. This study is thus significant in that it connects the surreal elements inherent in modern plastic photography with the concept of space.
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Sandino, Juan D., Olga L. Ramos-Sandoval, and Darío Amaya-Hurtado. "Method for estimating leaf coverage in strawberry plants using digital image processing." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 20, no. 8 (August 2016): 716–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v20n8p716-721.
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ABSTRACT In farming the measurement of leaf coverage is considered as an exhaustive task for the researchers due to most of the time they do not have access to the adequate tool for this purpose. A new algorithm, implemented in this investigation, allows to estimate by means of a non-destructive method, the leaf coverage value of strawberry plants (fragaria x ananassa) of the cultivar Albion in the Cajicá region, Colombia, by using digital image processing techniques ( DPI). The DPI based technique includes the smoothing, dilatation, contour detection, threshold and edges detection operations. The image acquisition system was conducted by means of photographic images in plants in study, directly from the beds of the crop and the captures were subsequently processed through the proposed algorithm. The obtained results show the measured values of the plants leaf coverage in cm2, with up to 90% of accuracy. This system gives an important contribution to the crop evolution analysis by computational tools, making easier the monitoring work.
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Kuna, Jakub. "The Orthophotomap of Lublin 1944: from Luftwaffe photographs to map application – idea, methods, contemporary challenges of processing and publishing archival aerial photographs." Polish Cartographical Review 54, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 123–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pcr-2022-0009.
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Abstract The origins of aerial photography can be traced back to the second half of the 19th century, and periods of World Wars contributed to the development of techniques for developing and disseminating aerial photographs for military purposes. In the literature, we find descriptions of the Polish Military Geographical Institute’s (WIG) use of aerial photography to update topographic maps of nearly 40% of the country’s area at the time. Unfortunately, the fate of the pre-war collection of photographs is difficult to establish. Given this, the aerial photographs from the period of the Second World War (German and Allied) constitute the oldest possible complete and consistent photographic documentation of Poland. The series of German prints (373-GXPRINTS) collected at the National Archives and Records Administration in College Park (NARA, USA) are maintained according to the most liberal policy on access and further use. At the same time, the organisation of the NARA archive and the extent to which the collection has been digitised (over one million images) leave a deficiency, and searching for images requires knowledge, methods and experience. In 2020–2021, the Department of Geomatics and Cartography of the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University implemented the project Development of the Ortophotomap of Lublin 1939–1945 (NCN, Miniatura 4.0. No. 2020/04/X/HS4/00382). The result of the project is a dedicated web portal https://ortolub.umcs.pl, consisting of a digital repository of aerial images, a map application and standardised GIS raster data services. The author believes this is a unique source base, with unprecedented detail. The publication of the project results under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA 4.0 licence is intended to foster the widest possible use of wartime aerial images in scientific research and popularisation activities. The process of developing a historical orthophotomap, as presented in the article, is universal and can be repeated on any set of aerial photographs. At the same time, development work is needed to automate the operations as fully as possible. In conclusion, current challenges and prospects for the development of historical orthophotomaps of national coverage are indicated.
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Kearsley, Elsabe, and SW Jacobsz. "Condition assessment of reinforced concrete beams – Comparing digital image analysis with optic fibre Bragg gratings." MATEC Web of Conferences 199 (2018): 06011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819906011.
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Reinforced concrete is the most widely used construction material and thus effective condition assessment of reinforced concrete elements forms a significant part of structural health monitoring. An effective structural health monitoring system should be able to give the owner prior warning that structural elements are reaching conditions approaching either serviceability or ultimate limit states. The aim of this investigation is to compare strain data recorded during load testing of a reinforced concrete beam using Fibre optic Bragg Gratings (FBG) and a photographic technique to determine circumstances most suitable for the use of each of the techniques. The test results indicate that FBG sensors can be used to detect small strains as well as large strains in uncracked concrete elements, while optical images can be used to accurately map crack development over the surface area of the structure.
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Paiz-Reyes, Evelyn, Mathieu Brédif, and Sidonie Christophe. "Cluttering Reduction for Interactive Navigation and Visualization of Historical Images." Proceedings of the ICA 4 (December 3, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-4-81-2021.
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Abstract. Iconographic representations, such as historical photos of geographic spaces, are precious cultural heritage resources capable of describing a particular geographical area’s evolution over time. These photographic collections may vary in size, between hundreds and thousands of items. With the advent of the digital era, many of these documents have been digitized, spatialized, and are available online. Browsing through these digital image collections represents new challenges. This paper examines the topic of historical image exploration in a virtual environment enabling the co-visualization of historical photos into a contemporary 3D scene. We address the topic of user interaction considering the potential volume of the input data. Our methodology is based on design guidelines that rely on visual perception techniques to ease visual complexity and improve saliency on specific cues. The designs are additionally implemented following an image-based rendering approach and evaluated in a group of users. Overall, these propositions may be a notable addition to creating innovative ways to visualize and discover historical images in a virtual geographic environment.
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Li, Hao, Yun Cai, Biao Yang, and Ming Fei Wu. "A Fast Geological Logging Technique of Underground Coal Mines Based on Photogrammetry." Advanced Materials Research 663 (February 2013): 661–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.663.661.
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Aiming at the deficiency of current geological logging method on the coal working face, the geological logging information system for coal mines based on digital camera is developed, integrating techniques of photogrammetry, graphic and image processing, and GIS. Emphasis is mainly placed on the fast acquisition of images from coal mining and excavation faces, photographic information processing and geological logging method, thus achieving the integrated work pattern of data acquisition, computer-aided processing and logging mapping. The experiment shows that by applying the fast geological logging technique of coal mines, the logging result which is accurate, authentic, reliable and satisfies the current requirements can be obtained, improving the work efficiency and result quality, therefore providing a new means and approach for geological logging of underground coal mines.
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Leone, Massimo. "Digital Cosmetics." Chinese Semiotic Studies 16, no. 4 (November 25, 2020): 551–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/css-2020-0030.
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AbstractThe earliest extant depictions of the human face are not simply realistic but represented through specific technologies (means) and techniques (styles). In these representations, the face was probably idealized in order to empower its agency through simulacra. The history of art sees humans become increasingly aware of the impact of technology and technique on the production of visual representations of the face. With photography, and even more so with its digital version, technology is developed, hidden, and miniaturized so as to democratize and market technique. The result, however, a naturalization of technology, is increasingly problematic in the era of algorithms: artificial intelligence absorbs the social bias of its engineers. This is particularly evident in the domain of “digital cosmetics”: successful apps are used to process and share billions of facial images, yet few critically reflect on the aesthetic ideology underpinning them. This is an urgent task for visual, social, and cultural semiotics.
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Englund, Sylvia R., Joseph J. O'Brien, and David B. Clark. "Evaluation of digital and film hemispherical photography and spherical densiometry for measuring forest light environments." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 30, no. 12 (December 1, 2000): 1999–2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x00-116.
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This study presents the results of a comparison of digital and film hemispherical photography as means of characterizing forest light environments and canopy openness. We also compared hemispherical photography to spherical densiometry. Our results showed that differences in digital image quality due to the loss of resolution that occurred when images were processed for computer analysis did not affect estimates of unweighted openness. Weighted openness and total site factor estimates were significantly higher in digital images compared with film photos. The differences between the two techniques might be a result of underexposure of the film images or differences in lens optical quality and field of view. We found densiometer measurements significantly increased in consistency with user practice and were correlated with total site factor and weighted-openness estimates derived from hemispherical photography. Digital photography was effective and more convenient and inexpensive than film cameras, but until the differences we observed are better explained, we recommend caution when comparisons are made between the two techniques. We also concluded that spherical densiometers effectively characterize forest light environments.
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Zawieska, Dorota, and Jakub Markiewicz. "Utilisation Of Laser Scanning Technology And Digital Images For Measurements Of Industrial Objects - A Case Study." Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics 98, no. 1 (July 1, 2015): 28–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rgg-2015-0003.
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AbstractProjection of a complicated geometry of industrial objects is the complex issue, which requires properly planned and prepared measurements. Such objects must be accurately inventoried, but their complicated nature often makes the access and the visibility of their entire surface very difficult. Documentation of measurements is often prepared in the form of sketches, plans or maps, which are amended with photographic documentation. The objective of this paper is to test the possibilities to apply laser scanning and the network of digital images for inventory and monitoring of technical conditions of industrial objects. Processing of a precise documentation acquired basing on terrestrial laser scanning data or dense points clouds generated from digital images still causes many difficulties and problems. Although data processing algorithms have been intensively developed with respect to generation of high resolution orthoimages or precise vector drawings, the existing problems are still connected with limitations related to imperfections of both techniques of measurements.
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Leibova, N. A., and M. B. Leibov. "Digital Anthropological photography." VESTNIK ARHEOLOGII, ANTROPOLOGII I ETNOGRAFII, no. 4(59) (December 15, 2022): 132–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.20874/2071-0437-2022-59-4-11.
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Despite the fact that in recent years the anthropologist's arsenal has significantly expanded due to the intro-duction of digital 3D scanning, computed tomography, microtomography, etc. into the practice of anthropological research, for most researchers photography remains an important part of the scientific process. Moreover, the resulting images are increasingly subject to higher requirements, since they often appear in scientific circulation much faster than before, bypassing editors and professional retouchers of publishers thanks to various kinds of Internet resources, such as presentations, on-line Internet conferences, reports, etc. In this new digital reality, the researcher acts as both an expert, a director, and an operator of a photo session and is solely responsible for the quality of the result and for its compliance with the goals of the shooting. The high intelligence of modern digital cameras creates a false impression in the beginner’s mind that camera can always be given freedom in making decisions regarding the shooting parameters. However, as shown in the article, there are a number of shooting situations when targeted manual management of shooting parameters is necessary to obtain a positive result. The following information will help the photographer do this. The purpose of our article is to help the researcher anthropologist qualitatively solve his problems using a digital camera. We will try to give an idea of those basic concepts, features of technology and techniques that determine the work of a photographer within the digital space. To this end, the article discusses the main technical and methodological techniques of anthropological photography within the digital space. A brief definition of the basic concepts of the “digital world” and the most important technical characteristics of modern digital cameras are given. The main part of the article is devoted to photography of paleoanthropological materials. Particular attention is paid to the shooting of the skull and odon-tological materials. Specific recommendations are given on the management of shooting parameters and on the organization of the shooting process, the use of which will allow the researcher to obtain high-quality digital pho-tographs of the studied anthropological objects that meet both the requirements of modern printing and the re-quirements of representation on Internet resources.
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Ekhande, Sonali, Uttam Patil, and Kshama Vishwanath Kulhalli. "Review on effectiveness of deep learning approach in digital forensics." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 12, no. 5 (October 1, 2022): 5481. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v12i5.pp5481-5592.
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<p><span>Cyber forensics is use of scientific methods for definite description of cybercrime activities. It deals with collecting, processing and interpreting digital evidence for cybercrime analysis. Cyber forensic analysis plays very important role in criminal investigations. Although lot of research has been done in cyber forensics, it is still expected to face new challenges in near future. Analysis of digital media specifically photographic images, audio and video recordings are very crucial in forensics This paper specifically focus on digital forensics. There are several methods for digital forensic analysis. Currently deep learning (DL), mainly convolutional neural network (CNN) has proved very promising in classification of digital images and sound analysis techniques. This paper presents a compendious study of recent research and methods in forensic areas based on CNN, with a view to guide the researchers working in this area. We first, defined and explained preliminary models of DL. In the next section, out of several DL models we have focused on CNN and its usage in areas of digital forensic. Finally, conclusion and future work are discussed. The review shows that CNN has proved good in most of the forensic domains and still promise to be better.</span></p>
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Song, H. R., and Y. H. Jo. "DIGITAL COLOR REPRODUCTION AND DOCUMENTATION OF OIL PAINTING USING IMAGE PROCESSING." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVI-M-1-2021 (August 28, 2021): 693–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlvi-m-1-2021-693-2021.
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Abstract. Digital photography is a method easily employed to capture images. Mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets as well as dedicated cameras are used to capture images. Furthermore, as hardware continues to improve, the resolution of images in 100 MP and 8K videos has recently been increased, and the quality of images enhanced through various types of image processing software. However, because the focus of photography is to record a moment activity, recording the orginal color of subject has been pushed back from priority. Digital photographs of cultural heritage are mainly captured for aesthetic appreciation and database construction. Those images for the purpose of the latter should record the exact color and shape of the subject. However, the theoretical approach of this is difficult and relatively complex procedures are able to create images that differ from the original color. Thus, it means falling in value that culture heritage data of important for color conservation. Various attempts have been made throughout the industry to capture the original colors of the subject accurately. The color management system (CMS) is a typical method of such. In this study, digital color reproduction and record studies were conducted on representative oil paintings of modern times in Korea. Accordingly, the light source’s color index and color temperature were measured. Furthermore, a color recording environment was established and digital images were acquired. Subsequently, it was able to record the original color through CMS-based image processing. It is believed that this study will enable one to understand the production techniques of works through the color record of oil paintings and help one to monitor conservation conditions such as discoloration.
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Ali, Salamat, Qamar Uz Zaman, Aitazaz Ahsan Farooque, Arnold Walter Schumann, Chibuike C. Udenigwe, Travis Esau, and Young Ki Chang. "Potential Use of Digital Photographic Technique to Examine Wild Blueberry Ripening in Relation to Time of Harvest." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 34, no. 2 (2018): 299–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.12490.
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Abstract. Northeastern North America is the world’s leading producer of wild blueberry. Ripening of wild blueberry is the leading factor for fruit quality. Currently, there are no protocols available for the farming community related to wild blueberry fruit ripening and maturity. A nondestructive, rapid, and reliable digital photography technique could be used to examine the ripening of wild blueberries for appropriate harvesting time. Two wild blueberry fields were selected to examine the berry ripening levels using digital photographic techniques at different time of harvest (early, middle, and late seasons). The fields were divided into four blocks and each block was further divided into three classes of times of harvest. Fruit images from each block were acquired and processed to count blue pixels from each image. A significant correlation was found between percentage of blue pixels and actual fruit yield in Field A (R2 = 0.96; P < 0.001) and Field B (R2 = 0.97; P < 0.001). The results also indicated that the effect of time of harvest on fruit yield was significant and fruit yield increased gradually during early harvesting, reached maximum during mid-season, and then started to decrease in late harvesting. Results indicated that 90% of green-berries had turned blue at the end of middle season compared to early season (58%). Based on the results of this study, optical analysis could help to keep fruit quality by optimizing appropriate harvesting time of wild blueberries. It is also suggested that the optimum time to harvest wild blueberries is middle season to ensure high fruit yield and quality. Keywords: Blue pixels, Fruit yield, Harvesting season, Wild blueberry.
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Rusli, Edial. "Realisme Magis Imaji Ke Imajinasi Visual Fotografi." Rekam 18, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24821/rekam.v18i1.6904.
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Berbagai imaji dan imajinasi yang dialami secara pribadi adalah inspirasi yang terasa familiar dan mudah diselami dalam melahirkan suatu proses ide yang kreatif, yang dalam hal ini adalah menciptakan karya seni fotografi yang estetis. Berawal dari pengalaman pribadi yang kala itu tumbuh di tengah kaum urban di pusat niaga Kota Yogyakarta, yaitu kawasan Malioboro dan kebetulan pada masa dewasa lalu berkecimpung di dunia fotografi, muncullah inspirasi untuk menciptakan karya fotografi seni tentang Malioboro. Tujuan dari artikel ini adalah untuk memaparkan bagaimana proses kreatif dalam menciptakan karya fotografi, yang pada akhirnya akan memberikan konstruksi makna yang baru terhadap visual fotografis. Karya fotografi yang secara umum diakui keotentikan realitasnya, terkadang justru melebihi realitas itu sendiri. Sebagai kerangka teoretis, realisme magis dapat melampaui dan bahkan melepaskan diri dari realitas yang ada sehingga membuka ruang pluralitas yang luas. Metode observasi, eksplorasi, dan eksperimentasi dipadukan dengan teknik digital imaging berupa visual kolase dan montase menjadikan karya fotografi tentang kawasan Malioboro bernilai seni dan estetis. Penciptaan karya ini tidak sekadar membahas tentang tataran teknis yang membentuknya, akan tetapi lebih tentang estetika dan rekonstruksi makna yang kemudian muncul. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan realisme magis dalam membuat konsep karya fotografi, hadirlah karya foto seni yang representatif dan estetis dalam menggambarkan pluralitas yang ambigu dalam keseharian di kawasan Malioboro. Various images and imaginations that are personally experienced is an inspiration that feels familiar and easy to explore in incubating a creative process of ideas, which in this case is to create aesthetic photographic artwork. Starting from personal experiences that was raised in the middle of urban community in the commercial center of Yogyakarta, namely Malioboro area, and later when growing up happened to be engaged in the field of photography, triggered an inspiration to create art photography about Malioboro. The purpose of this article is to describe how the creative process of creating photographic works will eventually give the construction of new meaning to photographic visuals. Photography works that are generally recognized for their authenticity of reality, sometimes even exceed reality itself. As a theoretical framework, magical realism can transcend and even break away from existing realities, thus opening up a vast space of plurality. The methods applied were observation, exploration, and experimentation combined with digital imaging techniques in the form of visual collages and montages, in order to make photographic works about Malioboro area become valuably artistic and aesthetics. The creation of this photography work no longer speaks of the technical state that shaped it, but rather about the aesthetics and reconstruction of the meaning that exists in it. By using magical realism as the approach in conceptualizing the photographic works, there is a representative and aesthetic work of art in describing ambiguous plurality in everyday life in Malioboro area.
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Singh, Anshul Kumar, and Brajesh Kumar Singh. "Applications of Human Biometrics in Digital Image Processing." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 5, no. 7 (August 14, 2020): 1273–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt20jul748.
Full textAbstract:
Digital image processing is the trending topic of research in recent time and big amount of research work related to Biometric features is done and currently it achieved good amount of accuracy. Biometric features is used for security, verification and recognition purpose. This paper is a showcase of how security systems can be developed by using biometric features of human like face, fingerprint and iris, etc. It can be used for the purpose of identification, recognition and Authentication and it is also applicable for making software for image preparation in bioscience laboratories that make use of scanned or digitally photographed images. The widespread use of such image processing techniques using photography and microscope imaging across the natural science with particular attention being paid to research in cell and molecular bioscience. This paper is a review of various methods trending to the field of biometric applications on biotechnologies.