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1

Williams, Sarah E., and Jennifer Cumming. "Measuring Athlete Imagery Ability: The Sport Imagery Ability Questionnaire." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 33, no. 3 (June 2011): 416–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.33.3.416.

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This research aimed to develop and provide initial validation of the Sport Imagery Ability Questionnaire (SIAQ). The SIAQ assesses athletes’ ease of imaging different types of imagery content. Following an extensive pilot study, 375 athletes completed a 20-item SIAQ in Study 1. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a 4-factor model assessing skill, strategy, goal, and affect imagery ability. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) established this 4-factor structure in Study 2 (N = 363 athletes). In Study 3 (N = 438 athletes), additional items were added to create a fifth mastery imagery subscale that was confirmed through CFA. Study 4 (N = 220 athletes) compared the SIAQ to the Movement Imagery Questionnaire-3. Significant bivariate correlations (p < .05) confirmed the SIAQ’s concurrent validity but demonstrated differences in imagery ability of different content. Overall, the SIAQ demonstrates good factorial validity, internal and temporal reliability, invariance across gender, and an ability to distinguish among athletes of different competitive levels. Findings highlight the importance of separately assessing imagery ability of different content.
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Gregg, Melanie, Craig Hall, and Esther Nederhof. "The Imagery Ability, Imagery Use, and Performance Relationship." Sport Psychologist 19, no. 1 (March 2005): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.19.1.93.

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3

Anuar, Nurwina, Jennifer Cumming, and Sarah Williams. "Emotion Regulation Predicts Imagery Ability." Imagination, Cognition and Personality 36, no. 3 (August 20, 2016): 254–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0276236616662200.

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This study explored the relationship between athletes’ emotion regulation and imagery ability. A total of 648 athletes (57% female; Mage = 20.79 years, SD = 4.36) completed the Sport Imagery Ability Questionnaire (SIAQ) and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ). Structural equation modeling supported the hypothesized model in which reappraisal positively predicted all SIAQ subscales. However, suppression had no significant association with imagery ability despite being predicted to be negatively associated. Results support the revised applied model of deliberate imagery use that individual characteristics will influence the imagery experience. Specifically, athletes who reappraise their emotions more frequently find it easier to image sport related content.
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Corlett, John T., John Anton, Steve Kozub, and Michel Tardif. "Is Locomotor Distance Estimation Guided by Visual Imagery?" Perceptual and Motor Skills 69, no. 3_suppl (December 1989): 1267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1989.69.3f.1267.

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70 subjects were tested for their visual subscale scores on the Movement Imagery Questionnaire and also for their ability to walk, without vision, to a previously viewed target location 9 m away. Imagery ability was hypothesized to correlate with accuracy of “blind” target-directed walking which the literature suggests, without empirical support, is imagery-dependent. No support for this hypothesis was found. Low, medium, and high imagers showed no differences in ability to reproduce target distance accurately or consistently by walking the estimated distance without further visual updating. The results call into question whether task performance is imagery-based or whether subjects use alternative strategies to approach the target.
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Corlett, John T., John Anton, Steve Kozub, and Michel Tardif. "Is Locomotor Distance Estimation Guided by Visual Imagery?" Perceptual and Motor Skills 69, no. 3-2 (December 1989): 1267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00315125890693-237.

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70 subjects were tested for their visual subscale scores on the Movement Imagery Questionnaire and also for their ability to walk, without vision, to a previously viewed target location 9 m away. Imagery ability was hypothesized to correlate with accuracy of “blind” target-directed walking which the literature suggests, without empirical support, is imagery-dependent. No support for this hypothesis was found. Low, medium, and high imagers showed no differences in ability to reproduce target distance accurately or consistently by walking the estimated distance without further visual updating. The results call into question whether task performance is imagery-based or whether subjects use alternative strategies to approach the target.
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Hall, Craig, John Pongrac, and Eric Buckholz. "The measurement of imagery ability." Human Movement Science 4, no. 2 (June 1985): 107–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-9457(85)90006-5.

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Gothard, Andrew, Daniel Jones, Andre Green, Michael Torrez, Alessandro Cattaneo, and David Mascareñas. "Digital coded exposure formation of frames from event-based imagery." Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering 2, no. 1 (January 28, 2022): 014005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2634-4386/ac4917.

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Abstract Event-driven neuromorphic imagers have a number of attractive properties including low-power consumption, high dynamic range, the ability to detect fast events, low memory consumption and low band-width requirements. One of the biggest challenges with using event-driven imagery is that the field of event data processing is still embryonic. In contrast, decades worth of effort have been invested in the analysis of frame-based imagery. Hybrid approaches for applying established frame-based analysis techniques to event-driven imagery have been studied since event-driven imagers came into existence. However, the process for forming frames from event-driven imagery has not been studied in detail. This work presents a principled digital coded exposure approach for forming frames from event-driven imagery that is inspired by the physics exploited in a conventional camera featuring a shutter. The technique described in this work provides a fundamental tool for understanding the temporal information content that contributes to the formation of a frame from event-driven imagery data. Event-driven imagery allows for the application of arbitrary virtual digital shutter functions to form the final frame on a pixel-by-pixel basis. The proposed approach allows for the careful control of the spatio-temporal information that is captured in the frame. Furthermore, unlike a conventional physical camera, event-driven imagery can be formed into any variety of possible frames in post-processing after the data is captured. Furthermore, unlike a conventional physical camera, coded-exposure virtual shutter functions can assume arbitrary values including positive, negative, real, and complex values. The coded exposure approach also enables the ability to perform applications of industrial interest such as digital stroboscopy without any additional hardware. The ability to form frames from event-driven imagery in a principled manner opens up new possibilities in the ability to use conventional frame-based image processing techniques on event-driven imagery.
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Gregg, Melanie, Craig Hall, Erin McGowan, and Nathan Hall. "The Relationship between Imagery Ability and Imagery Use among Athletes." Journal of Applied Sport Psychology 23, no. 2 (April 28, 2011): 129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2010.544279.

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Guerrero, Michelle, and Krista Munroe-Chandler. "Examining Children’s Physical Activity, Imagery Ability, and Active Play Imagery." Imagination, Cognition and Personality 37, no. 4 (November 7, 2017): 412–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0276236617739398.

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10

Houtz, John C., and Alan D. Frankel. "Hemisphericity and Problem-Solving Ability." Perceptual and Motor Skills 66, no. 3 (June 1988): 771–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1988.66.3.771.

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149 freshmen undergraduates were administered the Higher Information Processing Scale and an anagram problem-solving task. Single-solution anagrams were chosen from lists of age-appropriate vocabulary words high in concrete imagery or low in imagery (abstract). Small but significant correlations were obtained between number of concrete anagrams solved and right- and integrated-hemispheric preference scores, respectively. Students categorized as “integrated preference” solved more high-imagery anagrams than any other group. Results lend support to the hypothesis that brain hemisphere specializations may exist but integration of the hemispheres may yield best performance.
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Williams, Sarah E., Jennifer Cumming, Nikos Ntoumanis, Sanna M. Nordin-Bates, Richard Ramsey, and Craig Hall. "Further Validation and Development of the Movement Imagery Questionnaire." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 34, no. 5 (October 2012): 621–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.34.5.621.

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This research validated and extended the Movement Imagery Questionnaire-Revised (MIQ-R; Hall & Martin, 1997). Study 1 (N = 400) examined the MIQ-R’s factor structure via multitrait-multimethod confirmatory factor analysis. The questionnaire was then modified in Study 2 (N = 370) to separately assess the ease of imaging external visual imagery and internal visual imagery, as well as kinesthetic imagery (termed the Movement Imagery Questionnaire-3; MIQ-3). Both Studies 1 and 2 found that a correlated-traits correlated-uniqueness model provided the best fit to the data, while displaying gender invariance and no significant differences in latent mean scores across gender. Study 3 (N = 97) demonstrated the MIQ-3’s predictive validity revealing the relationships between imagery ability and observational learning use. Findings highlight the method effects that occur by assessing each type of imagery ability using the same four movements and demonstrate that better imagers report greater use of observational learning.
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de Vries, Sjoerd, Marga Tepper, Bert Otten, and Theo Mulder. "Recovery of Motor Imagery Ability in Stroke Patients." Rehabilitation Research and Practice 2011 (2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/283840.

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Objective. To investigate whether motor imagery ability recovers in stroke patients and to see what the relationship is between different types of imagery and motor functioning after stroke.Methods. 12 unilateral stroke patients were measured at 3 and 6 weeks poststroke on 3 mental imagery tasks. Arm-hand function was evaluated using the Utrecht Arm-Hand task and the Brunnström Fugl-Meyer Scale. Age-matched healthy individuals (N=10) were included as controls.Results. Implicit motor imagery ability and visual motor imagery ability improved significantly at 6 weeks compared to 3 weeks poststroke.Conclusion. Our study shows that motor imagery can recover in the first weeks after stroke. This indicates that a group of patients who might not be initially selected for mental practice can, still later in the rehabilitation process, participate in mental practice programs. Moreover, our study shows that mental imagery modalities can be differently affected in individual patients and over time.
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13

Bhatnagar, S., B. Zmolek, D. DeGroot, A. Sheikh, and H. Buckingham. "Generalizing Naming Ability through Mental Imagery." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 94 (October 2013): 24–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.09.009.

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14

Aleman, André, Mark R. Nieuwenstein, Koen B. E. Böcker, and Edward H. F. de Haan. "Music training and mental imagery ability." Neuropsychologia 38, no. 12 (October 2000): 1664–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0028-3932(00)00079-8.

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15

McAvinue, Laura P., and Ian H. Robertson. "Measuring Visual Imagery Ability: A Review." Imagination, Cognition and Personality 26, no. 3 (March 2007): 191–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/3515-8169-24j8-7157.

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McAvinue, Laura P., and Ian H. Robertson. "Measuring motor imagery ability: A review." European Journal of Cognitive Psychology 20, no. 2 (March 2008): 232–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09541440701394624.

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17

Baeyens, Frank, Robbie Heremans, Paul Eelen, and Geert Crombez. "Hidden-covariation detection and imagery ability." European Journal of Cognitive Psychology 5, no. 4 (December 1993): 435–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09541449308520129.

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18

Ferraro, F. Richard. "Large-Scale Demonstration Experiment of Mental Imagery Ability." Perceptual and Motor Skills 76, no. 3_suppl (June 1993): 1089–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1993.76.3c.1089.

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The present article describes a demonstration experiment used in a large introductory psychology class pertaining to mental imagery ability. The experiment is effective in providing a concrete instance of mental imagery as well as an effective discussion regarding individual differences and gender differences in imagery ability.
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19

Livesey, D. J., and M. Kangas. "The Role of Visual Movement Imagery in Kinaesthetic Sensitivity and Motor Performance." Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist 14, no. 1 (May 1997): 2–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0816512200027607.

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ABSTRACTThe relationship between vividness of visual movement imagery and performance on tests of kinaesthetic sensitivity was examined in high school students by comparing performance on three tests of kinaesthesis by high and low imagery students, selected using the Vividness of Movement Imagery Questionnaire. High imagers performed significantly better than low imagers when relying on kinaesthetic information. Level of movement imagery predicted performance on a motor task (a manual placement task) when the task was performed in the absence of visual cues (blindfolded). These results reflect the reliance on visual information when performing motor tasks and indicate that, in the absence of visual cues, such information is created from kinaesthetic input via visual imagery. This has important implications for our understanding of the development of kinaesthesis and motor control and may contribute to the development of remedial programmes for children with poor motor ability.
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20

Simonsmeier, Bianca A., and Susanne Buecker. "Interrelations of Imagery Use, Imagery Ability, and Performance in Young Athletes." Journal of Applied Sport Psychology 29, no. 1 (May 10, 2016): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2016.1187686.

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21

Wilson, Christine, Dave Smith, Adrian Burden, and Paul Holmes. "Participant-generated imagery scripts produce greater EMG activity and imagery ability." European Journal of Sport Science 10, no. 6 (November 2010): 417–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17461391003770491.

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22

Toyota, Hiroshi. "The Bizarreness Effect and Individual Differences in Imaging Ability." Perceptual and Motor Skills 94, no. 2 (April 2002): 533–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2002.94.2.533.

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The bizarreness effect refers to the superior performance in recall of bizarre sentences as compared to common sentences. The subjects studied each target word and in Exp. 1 rated its congruity with its sentence frame. In Exp. 2 they rated the vividness of the image for each sentence frame in which it was included. Four types of sentence frames were provided: bizarre image sentences, bizarre nonimage sentences, common image sentences, and common nonimage sentences. Good imagers and poor imagers were assessed on the Questionnaire Upon Mental Imagery. Both experiments showed that good imagers recalled target words in bizarre image sentences better than target words in common image sentences A difference between the two sentence types was not observed for poor imagers. The differences between bizarre nonimage sentences and common nonimage sentences were not found for both type of imagers. The results were interpreted as showing that a difference in imaging ability was critical for the occurrence of a bizarreness effect.
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Aikawa, Satoshi, and Hideaki Takai. "Relationship Between Imagery Ability, Performance, and Variables Related to Performance." Sport Psychologist 35, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2019-0165.

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Athletes believe imagery is essential for high-quality performance. It is essential to identify what type of imagery significantly contributes to performance. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between imagery ability and gymnastics performance, as well as self-efficacy and thoughts during competitions that are related to performance. Fifty-two gymnasts were recruited for this study. Participants were measured for imagery ability, self-efficacy, thoughts during competitions, and performance. Results indicated that skill imagery significantly predicts worry and disengagement in a negative manner, and mastery imagery is positively related to self-efficacy. Moreover, goal imagery has a significant positive relationship to self-efficacy, disengagement, confidence, and performance. In conclusion, the ability to easily image an ideal performance, such as the success of one’s performance or the image of a perfect performance, might increase confidence in the competition and lead to the success of the performance.
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Haciomeroglu, Erhan Selcuk, and Mark LaVenia. "Object-Spatial Imagery and Verbal Cognitive Styles in High School Students." Perceptual and Motor Skills 124, no. 3 (March 16, 2017): 689–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0031512517698555.

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The present study investigated object-spatial imagery and verbal cognitive styles in high school students. We analyzed the relationships between cognitive styles, object imagery ability, spatial visualization ability, verbal-logical reasoning ability, and preferred modes of processing math information. Data were collected from 348 students at six high schools in two school districts. Spatial imagery style was not correlated with object imagery style and was negatively correlated with verbal style. Object imagery style did not correlate significantly with any cognitive ability measure, whereas spatial imagery style significantly correlated with object imagery ability, spatial visualization ability, and verbal-logical reasoning ability. Lastly, spatial imagery style and verbal-logical reasoning ability significantly predicted students’ preference for efficient visual methods. The results support the cognitive style model, in which visualizers are characterized as two distinct groups who process visual-spatial information and graphic tasks in different ways.
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Williams, Sarah E. "Comparing movement imagery and action observation as techniques to increase imagery ability." Psychology of Sport and Exercise 44 (September 2019): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2019.05.005.

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Williams, Jacqueline, Alan J. Pearce, Michela Loporto, Tony Morris, and Paul S. Holmes. "The relationship between corticospinal excitability during motor imagery and motor imagery ability." Behavioural Brain Research 226, no. 2 (January 2012): 369–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2011.09.014.

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Williams, Sarah E., Jennifer Cumming, and Martin G. Edwards. "The Functional Equivalence Between Movement Imagery, Observation, and Execution Influences Imagery Ability." Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 82, no. 3 (September 2011): 555–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2011.10599788.

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Rodgers, Wendy, Craig Hall, and Eric Buckolz. "The effect of an imagery training program on imagery ability, imagery use, and figure skating performance." Journal of Applied Sport Psychology 3, no. 2 (September 1991): 109–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10413209108406438.

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29

Liu, Karen P. Y., Monica Lai, Shirley S. M. Fong, and Michelle Bissett. "Imagery Ability and Imagery Perspective Preference: A Study of Their Relationship and Age- and Gender-Related Changes." Behavioural Neurology 2019 (July 31, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7536957.

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This study examined if imagery ability (i.e., vividness and temporal congruence between imagined and executed knee extensions) and imagery perspective preference were affected by ageing and gender. Ninety-four participants, 31 young, 43 intermediate, and 20 older adults completed the Vividness of Movement Imagery Questionnaire-2 and a knee extension temporal congruence test to reflect on their imagery ability and an imagery perspective preference test. Male participants had a better imagery ability than the female participants (F 4,85=2.84, p=.029, η2=.118). However, significant age-related changes in imagery ability were not found in the three age groups. Change in imagery perspective preference with a trend towards an external imagery perspective was observed with ageing (F 3,89=3.16, p=.028, η2=.096) but not between male and female. The results suggest that imagery ability may be preserved with ageing. As individuals age, their preference for using an imagery perspective shifts from a more internal to a more external perspective. This understanding is important when designing future imagery research and real-life application or clinical intervention.
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Ostinelli, Massimiliano, and Ulf Böckenholt. "Overcoming lower imagery ability through process priming." International Journal of Research in Marketing 34, no. 4 (December 2017): 799–812. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijresmar.2017.08.004.

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31

Williams, Sarah E., Sam J. Cooley, and Jennifer Cumming. "Layered Stimulus Response Training Improves Motor Imagery Ability and Movement Execution." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 35, no. 1 (February 2013): 60–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.35.1.60.

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This study aimed to test Lang’s bioinformational theory by comparing the effects of layered stimulus and response training (LSRT) with imagery practice on improvements in imagery ability and performance of a motor skill (golf putting) in 24 novices (age, M = 20.13 years; SD = 1.65; 12 female) low in imagery ability. Participants were randomly assigned to a LSRT (introducing stimulus and response propositions to an image in a layered approach), motor imagery (MI) practice, or visual imagery (VI) practice group. Following baseline measures of MI ability and golf putting performance, the LSRT and MI practice groups imaged successfully performing the golf putting task 5 times each day for 4 days whereas the VI practice group imaged the ball rolling into the hole. Only the LSRT group experienced an improvement in kinesthetic MI ability, MI ability of more complex skills, and actual golf putting performance. Results support bioinformational theory by demonstrating that LSRT can facilitate visual and kinesthetic MI ability and reiterate the importance of imagery ability to ensure MI is an effective prime for movement execution.
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Gregg, Melanie, Craig Hall, and Andrew Butler. "The MIQ-RS: A Suitable Option for Examining Movement Imagery Ability." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 7, no. 2 (2010): 249–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecam/nem170.

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Within rehabilitation settings, mental imagery helps to promote long-term recovery and facilitates compliance to rehabilitation exercises. Individuals who are able to effectively engage in imagery practice are likely to gain the most benefit from imagery training. Thus, a suitable imagery ability measurement tool for individuals with movement limitations is needed. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the Movement Imagery Questionnaire—Revised second version (MIQ-RS), and compare the results of this new version with Hall and Martin's (1997) MIQ-R. Three-hundred and twenty participants from a variety of sports and performance levels agreed to take part. Results showed the internal consistency and test–retest reliability of the MIQ-RS were satisfactory, the two-factor structure of the MIQ-RS was supported by confirmatory factor analysis, and Pearson correlations indicated a strong relationship between the MIQ-R and MIQ-RS. It appears the MIQ-RS is a suitable option for examining movement imagery ability primarily aimed at the upper extremity.
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Mendes, Pedro Alexandre Duarte, Daniel Almeida Marinho, Diogo Monteiro, Luís Cid, Rui Paulo, and João Petrica. "The comparison of Imagery ability in elite, sub-elite and non-elite swimmers." Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte 19, no. 2 (May 1, 2019): 124–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/cpd.345891.

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The ability to generate and control mental images is present in all of us, but it differs from person to person. Therefore, it is important to understand that imagery ability can be changed through training and experimentation, it is not a fixed ability (Cumming & Williams, 2012). The aim of this study is to compare imagery ability in elite, sub-elite and non-elite athletes in a sport which involves closed and continuous motor skills, such as swimming. 79 swimmers (male N = 37; female N = 42) at an average age of 17 took part in this study. In order to assess imagery ability, the Movement Imagery Questionnaire 3 was used, Portuguese version (Mendes et al., 2016). After analysis of the results, these show that in each and every imagery modality, the scores in the three groups differ significantly. In kinesthetic and external visual imagery the elite and sub-elite groups’ scores, although not statistically different from each other, are significantly higher than those of the non-elite group. In internal visual imagery, the differences between all the compared pairs of groups are statistically significant. The elite group got the highest scores, followed by the sub-elite group average scores and finally the non-elite group average scores. According to these results, the conclusion is that athletes with better performance show greater imagery ability and that apparently the external visual imagery proved to be the best intervention method among swimming athletes.
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Ozlem, Ozcan, and Kul Hayriye. "Kinesthetic and visual imagery in young adults with chronic neck pain." Sanamed, no. 00 (2022): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/sanamed17-37885.

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Background:Young adults complain of neck pain almost every year. In recent years the ability of motor imagery (kinesthetic and visual imagery) in many musculoskeletal system problems other than neck pain in young adults has been investigated in the literature. The Cross-Sectional study aimed to question motor imagery ability in young adults with chronic neck pain. Methods: Two groups were included in the study: the chronic neck pain group (n = 83) and the control group (n = 91). Motor imagery ability of both groups was evaluated with Movement Imagery Questionnaire-3. Additionally, in the chronic neck pain group, pain was evaluated with the Short Form-McGill Pain Questionnaire, disability was evaluated with the Neck Disability Index, and kinesiophobia was evaluated with Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia. Conclusions: Internal visual imagery and kinesthetic imagery were significantly different between chronic neck pain and control groups. There was a negative linear relationship between disability and internal visual imagery, external visual imagery, and kinesthetic imagery. Motor imagery ability is reduced in young adults with chronic neck pain. In addition, as the severity of disability increases, the motor imagery ability decreases. Therefore, it is considered appropriate to include a motor imagery training program when treating chronic neck pain in the future.
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Bolles, Gina, and Steven J. Chatfield. "The Intersection of Imagery Ability, Imagery Use, and Learning Style: An Exploratory Study." Journal of Dance Education 9, no. 1 (January 2009): 6–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15290824.2009.10387379.

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van der Meulen, Marian, Gilles Allali, Sebastian W. Rieger, Frédéric Assal, and Patrik Vuilleumier. "The influence of individual motor imagery ability on cerebral recruitment during gait imagery." Human Brain Mapping 35, no. 2 (September 27, 2012): 455–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hbm.22192.

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37

McAvinue, Laura P., and Ian H. Robertson. "Relationship between Visual and Motor Imagery." Perceptual and Motor Skills 104, no. 3 (June 2007): 823–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.104.3.823-843.

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The relationship between visual and motor imagery was investigated by administering a battery of visual and motor imagery measures to a sample of 101 men ( n = 49) and women ( n = 52), who ranged in age from 18 to 59 ( M=34.5, SD=12.6). A principal components analysis applied to the correlation matrix indicated four underlying components, which explained 62.9% of the variance. The components were named Implicit Visual Imagery Ability, Self-report of Visual and Motor Imagery, Implicit Motor Imagery Ability, and Explicit Motor Imagery Ability. These results suggested a dissociation between visual and motor imagery although visual and motor imagery were associated as self-reports and there were correlations among particular measures.
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Dana, Amir, Mir Hamid Salehian, Tayebeh Bani Asadi, and Parinaz Ghanati. "The impact of imagery on the performance and cognitive ability in the elderly." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 6 (June 30, 2021): 1654–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211561654.

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Background: In the future, aging becomes one of the problems of society and the problems of the country's health care system and brings many costs in the health care sector. Purpose: This study examines the effect of imagery on performance and cognitive ability in the elderly. The research method is quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design. 40 older adults were selected and divided into experimental and control groups. The subjects in the experimental group performed imagery for four weeks following the pretest. Methods: Data were analyzed using the analysis of covariance. Results: Findings showed that imagery improves the performance and cognitive ability in the elderly. Conclusion: In general, imagery may improve performance and cognitive abilities in the elderly. Keywords: Imagery, Performance, Cognitive Ability, Aging
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Powell, Nancy J. "Imagery into Action: Visual Imagery and Occupational Therapy Education." Occupational Therapy Journal of Research 6, no. 3 (May 1986): 171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153944928600600304.

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Visual mental imagery, or the ability to perceive a situation or set of objects in the “mind's eye,” is an important aspect of the learning process. One of the major theories of imagery is called the array theory and is aimed at describing components in an imagery processing system. Building on past research supporting this theory, a study was performed that examined three-dimensional space in images. Forty subjects participated in an imagery scanning task under conditions involving either a real or photographic display of objects. Results indicated that (a) space is a property of images; (b) the stimulus from which an image is formed may affect perceived space in images; and (c) differences in individuals' ability to form vivid images could influence perceived space. Further research is needed to enable occupational therapy educators to assess how activity is preserved in images and how individual differences among students could relate to the array theory of imagery processing.
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Johnsen, Erica L., and Susan K. Lutgendorf. "Contributions of imagery ability to stress and relaxation." Annals of Behavioral Medicine 23, no. 4 (November 2001): 273–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15324796abm2304_6.

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Cumming, Jennifer, and Daniel L. Eaves. "The Nature, Measurement, and Development of Imagery Ability." Imagination, Cognition and Personality 37, no. 4 (January 29, 2018): 375–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0276236617752439.

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Kwekkeboom, Kristine, Karen Huseby-Moore, and Sandra Ward. "Imaging ability and effective use of guided imagery." Research in Nursing & Health 21, no. 3 (June 1998): 189–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-240x(199806)21:3<189::aid-nur2>3.0.co;2-d.

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Toussaint, Lucette, and Yannick Blandin. "Behavioral evidence for motor imagery ability on position sense improvement following motor imagery practice." Movement & Sport Sciences 82, no. 4 (2013): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/sm.082.0063.

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Campos, Alfredo, and Diego Campos‐Juanatey. "The Representation of Imagery of the City: The Impact of Studies and Imagery Ability." Japanese Psychological Research 61, no. 3 (July 3, 2018): 179–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jpr.12208.

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Toussaint, Lucette, and Yannick Blandin. "Behavioral evidence for motor imagery ability on position sense improvement following motor imagery practice." Movement & Sport Sciences - Science & Motricité, no. 82 (2013): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/sm/2013093.

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Parker, John K., Martin I. Jones, and Geoff P. Lovell. "An investigation into athletes’ intrusive visual imagery." Sport & Exercise Psychology Review 11, no. 1 (March 2015): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpssepr.2015.11.1.34.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between athletes’ (N=209) intrusive visual imagery and vividness of visual imagery ability. The study also examined athletes’ differences in level of intrusive visual imagery according to competitive level (recreational, university, county, and national). A Pearson bivariate correlation indicated participants intrusive visual imagery and vividness of visual imagery ability self-report scores were not significantly correlated (r=.07, p=.32). Competitive level differences amongst participants did not factor in the level of intrusive visual imagery reported. The findings indicated that some athletes experience intrusive visual imagery but there is a requirement to progress research regarding involuntary imagery processes within athletic populations.
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Di Corrado, Donatella, Maria Guarnera, Francesca Vitali, Alessandro Quartiroli, and Marinella Coco. "Imagery ability of elite level athletes from individual vs. team and contact vs. no-contact sports." PeerJ 7 (May 22, 2019): e6940. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6940.

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Background In the sport context, imagery has been described as the condition in which persons imagine themselves while executing skills to deal with the upcoming task or enhance performance. Systematic reviews have shown that mental imagery improves performance in motor tasks Methods The aim of the present study was to explore whether imagery vividness (i.e., the clarity or realism of the imagery experience) and controllability (i.e., the ease and accuracy with which an image can be manipulated mentally) differ by sport types (team vs. individual and contact vs. non-contact). Participants were athletes from team contact and non-contact sports (rugby and volleyball, respectively), and individual contact and non-contact sports (karate and tennis, respectively) between the ages of 20 and 33 years (M = 24.37, SD = 2.85). The participants completed the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire, the Vividness of Movement Imagery Questionnaire-2, and the Mental Image Transformation Tasks. Results A 2 ×2 × 2 (gender × 2 contact-no-contact × 2 sport type) between groups MANOVA showed differences in imagery ability by sport type. Practical indications deriving from the findings of this study can help coaches and athletes to develop mental preparation programs using sport-specific imagery.
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Stewart, Nicole Westlund, and Craig Hall. "The Effects of Cognitive General Imagery Use on Decision Accuracy and Speed in Curling." Sport Psychologist 30, no. 4 (December 2016): 305–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2016-0001.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a 6-week CG imagery intervention on strategic decision-making in curling. A secondary purpose was to determine whether curlers’ imagery ability and CG imagery use would be improved. Eleven varsity curlers from a Canadian postsecondary institution engaged in weekly guided imagery sessions that were held at the curling club before their regularly scheduled team practices. Curlers’ response times on a computerized curling strategy assessment significantly improved from baseline to post-intervention (p < .05). In addition, their kinesthetic imagery ability, CG imagery use, and MG-M imagery use significantly increased (p < .05). These results suggest that when curlers are exposed to new scenarios, they learn to store, process, and retrieve relevant information quicker (Simon & Chase, 1973). From a practical standpoint, CG imagery training can improve curlers’ strategy performance, including their ability to use various strategies in game situations.
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Amorim, André, Bruno Travassos, and Pedro Mendes. "Imagery ability in Boccia: Comparison among federate athletes from different medical sport groups." Motricidade 13, no. 4 (January 27, 2018): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.6063/motricidade.11780.

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The aim of this study was to analyse and compare movement visualization ability in federate and non-federate Boccia athletes, and among federate Boccia medical sport groups. Forty-two Boccia athletes (Federate N = 24; Non-federate N = 18) at an average age of 35.8 (SD = 11.19) participated in this study. The Portuguese version of Movement Imagery Questionnaire - 3 (MIQ-3), was used for this study. The participants were evaluated on the internal and external visual imagery. Statistics was carried out following the method of interference based on the magnitude of the effects. Results showed a great effect of expertise in imagery ability. The comparison between federate and non-federate Boccia athletes showed a great effect in the Internal Visual subscale and a moderate effect in the External Visual subscale. It was also observed differences between athletes from different medical-sports groups, revealing that the requirements of the sport linked to their action abilities provides them with different Imagery abilities. These results clearly influence the prescription of imagery training programs for different groups taking into account different medical-practice groups.
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Budnik-Przybylska, Dagmara, Maria Kaźmierczak, Jacek Przybylski, and Maurizio Bertollo. "Can Personality Factors and Body Esteem Predict Imagery Ability in Dancers?" Sports 7, no. 6 (May 29, 2019): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports7060131.

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Dancing is mainly regarded as a form of art, which has been linked to the expression of emotions. Imagery is a well-known technique for enhancing performance. Additionally, specific personality traits are likely to facilitate performance. In the dancer’s performance, regarding the body as a tool is crucial. The following study examines personality and perceived body esteem as predictors of imagery ability in professional dancers. We analyzed two experimental groups, namely ballet dancers and professional dancers of other styles, and a control group. A sample of 249 people took part in the study: 155 women and 94 men aged 18–56 years. Participants filled in The Imagination in Sport Questionnaire and Polish adaptations of the Big Five Inventory—Short and the Body Esteem Scale. Results indicated that while each experimental group differed significantly from the control group in terms of their imagery ability, there were no differences between the two experimental groups. Findings revealed that personality traits, mainly higher openness to experience, and body esteem, mainly related to physical condition, were significant predictors of higher imagery ability in all groups.
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