Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Imagerie satellitaires'
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Yang, Chong Jun. "Correction radiométrique des effets topographiques sur les images satellitaires." Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30235.
Full textErus, Güray. "Reconnaissance d'objets cartographiques dans les images satellitaires à haute résolution." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05S003.
Full textOur thesis' subject considers specifically the recognition of cartographic objects with a highly composite structure, such as roundabouts and bridges, on high resolution satellite images. Being man-made constructions, cartographic objects have regular geometrical features that distinguish them from other objects. We propose to exploit principally these features in order to obtain a representation of their inherent structure. A method to generate an explicit structural object model represented by Attributed Relational Graphs (ARGs) from images segmented by an expert is first developed. At the end of this preliminary stage we succeeded to generate object models for the roundabout and bridge categories. We then proposed to learn a more flexible model based on the appearances of the local parts of the objects using a statistical learning method. An implicit object model is learned by the fusion of weak classifiers obtained from geometrical primitives using the Adaboost algorithm. An object recognition method using an implicit model constructed by a parts and structures approach is then proposed. The model is learned using the Mean-Shift clustering algorithm. Finally, the methods are validated on satellite images provided by the CNES in the frame of a national competition and a cartographic application
Jalobeanu, André. "Modèles, estimation bayésienne et algorithmes pour la déconvolution d'images satellitaires et aériennes." Nice, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NICE5680.
Full textSatellite or aerial images are corrupted by the optical system and the sensor. To reconstruct a good quality image from a noisy and blurred observation, one needs to perform a déconvolution. First, we recall the principles of the acquisition chain, from optics to the sensor (visible or infrared), enabling us to model the degradation of the image. In order to reconstruct the image without amplifying the noise, while preserving edges and textures, it is s=necessary to impose constraints on the reconstructed solution, which consists of choosing a prior model. We study satellite and aerial image modeling, which can be done within both probabilistic and variational frameworks, and using both discrete and continuous models. We propose new statistical model that take into account the fractal properties of natural scenes and their non-stationarity, using multiscale and adaptive approaches. Next we study different techniques for estimating the model parameters, describing the properties of the images to be reconstructed. These techniques are developed within a Bayesian framework, and can be solved using either stochastic, or deterministic algorithms, depending on the problem. Finally, we propose new fully automatic reconstruction algorithms. First, we suppose that the degradations (blurring kernel and noise statistics) are known, and we try to reconstruct the unknown image. Second, we consider the case where these degradations are unknown. We perform a blind déconvolution, in two steps, the first step consisting of determining the instrumental parameters, and the second of deconvolving the image with fixed degradation parameters. Tests have been performed on remote sensing data such as satellite images (SPOT 5 and Pléïades simulations) and high resolution visible and infrared aerial images
Zehana, Mustapha. "Connaissances structurelles et interprétation d'images satellitaires." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30035.
Full textGueguen, Lionel. "Extraction d'information et compression conjointes des séries temporelles d'images satellitaires." Paris, ENST, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENST0025.
Full textNowadays, new data which contain interesting information can be produced : the Satellite Image Time Series which are observations of Earth’s surface evolution. These series constitute huge data volume and contain complex types of information. For example, numerous spatio-temporal events, such as harvest or urban area expansion, can be observed in these series and serve for remote surveillance. In this framework, this thesis deals with the information extraction from Satellite Image Time Series automatically in order to help spatio-temporal events comprehension and the compression in order to reduce storing space. Thus, this work aims to provide methodologies which extract information and compress jointly these series. This joint processing provides a compact representation which contains an index of the informational content. First, the concept of joint extraction and compression is described where the information extraction is grasped as a lossy compression of the information. Secondly, two methodologies are developed based on the previous concept. The first one provides an informational content index based on the Information Bottleneck principle. The second one provides a code or a compact representation which integrates an informational content index. Finally, both methodologies are validated and compared with synthetic data, then are put into practice successfully with Satellite Image Time Series
Gueguen, Lionel. "Extraction d'information et compression conjointes des séries temporelles d'images satellitaires /." Paris : École nationale supérieure des télécommunications, 2008. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41275501b.
Full textGenin, Laure. "Détection d'objets de petite taille sur des séquences aériennes ou satellitaires." Paris 13, 2013. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/secure/edgalilee_th_2013_genin.pdf.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to improve the detection of point objects in optical imaging. They focus on the challenging detection of low velocity point objects on inhomogeneous background including areas of strong gradients of gray levels. In this context, we propose single-frame detection methods trying to take advantage at best of the spatial background correlation. Spatio-temporal extensions of the proposed methods are studied in a second time. Based on a formalism of the generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT), the problem of detection boils down to a two-step process which consists in separating the first and second order estimation of the local background (i. E. Mean and covariance). To improve the performances of the detection methods by first order background modelling, we adapt patch-based denoising method to detection. Despite the improvement of detection performance brought by these patch-based methods, it appears that textures associated with background structures are still visible after the background suppression step. We seek to improve the detection performance by second order modeling. We are interested in matched filter adapted by area based on a Gaussian mixture model. A detailed performance analysis of the developed filters is made from real cloudy background on which point targets are embedded
Ayoub, François. "Suivi de changements morphologiques de surface à partir d'images aériennes et satellitaires, sur Terre et Mars." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2621/.
Full textThe analysis of satellites imagery acquired at different dates allows the measurement of Earth surface displacement (earthquake ground deformation, glacier advance and retreat, sand dunes migration, slow-moving landslide,. . . ) that occured between the images acquisitions. In this thesis we investigate 1) the extension of the processing techniques established for satellite imagery to aerial imagery, and 2) the applicability of Earth-based technique to monitor eolian surface processes on Mars. Aerial imagery, whose first acquisition dates back decades before the satellite era, and whose ground resolution is higher than satellite one, can be relevant to monitor Earth surface displacement. We present a methodological extension of the satellite technique to aerial imagery. Potential and limitations are investigated. Application to the Krafla rift opening in Iceland (1975-1984), using aerial imagery, declassied spy imagery, and modern satellite imagery is presented. Next, we applied the method to Mars imagery taking advantage of the high resolution HiRISE instrument. A pair of HiRISE images is processed to monitor the activitys of a dune field. We measured sand ripple migration and inferred a sand flux comparable to some the Earth dune fields sand flux. We then expand our processing to a time-series of 10 HiRISE images, and characterized the seasonal variability of the sand flux throughout the year. This seasonal sand flux variability is used jointly with a sand flux prediction from atmospheric simulations to constrain the sand mobility threshold
Randriamanantena, Herimino Paoly. "Utilisation de données satellitaires dans les modèles météorologiques." Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT030H.
Full textDjoumessi, Pascal François. "Traitement d'images satellitaires de la Méditerranée occidentale pour déterminer sa dynamique." Saint-Etienne, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991STET4010.
Full textLhomme, Stéphane. "Identification du bâti à partir d'images satellitaires à très hautes résolutions spatiales." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5824.
Full textPajot, Emmanuel. "Apport des déformations géométriques des scènes satellitaires radar pour le calcul des pentes de surfaces géologiques." Pau, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PAUU3014.
Full textSlope plays an important role in characterising the topographic surface. It is measured onsite, or computed by various indirect methods based on remotely sensed date such as Digital Elevation Models (DEM), which constitute a primary data to compute the local slope value and the slope direction. However, the absence of texture, spatial resolution and vertical precision of such data do not suffice to compute a fair slope value. Radar remote sensed scenes are direct representations of wave time of propagation in the atmosphere. Geometrical deformation of the relief induced from the active way of acquisition is directly linked to the sensor parameters and to the topographic slope. We have developed three methods aiming to compute the slope of a segment identified on two radar scenes acquired in different geometries: (1) one orthorectified scene and the other not corrected, (2) two scenes with different incidence angles, and (3) two scenes in ascending and descending orbits. Tested on the Djebel En Negueb sub-desertic area in Tunisia, the slope precision is up to 1. 4° from the 25-m resolution ENVISAT-ASAR data and 1. 5° from the 4. 5-m resolution TerraSAR-X data. Our method provides closer precision value than the SRTM (10. 7°) and the TerraSAR-X (7. 9°) DEM computations. This method has been tested on the Lengguru fold belt in the eastern province of Indonesia, where the equatorial vegetation represents a strong constraint in field cartography. Values computed with our method closely match with reference measurements and validate this method as a world wide one
Caron, Julien. "Restauration en échantillonnage irrégulier, théorie et applications aux signaux et images satellitaires." Amiens, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AMIE0108.
Full textPerformances of remote-sensing satellites have been increasing fast thanks to developing technologies but also the better understanding and integration of complex physical phenomena occurring during the acquisition. This thesis report adresses several irregular sampling problems including the microvibrations of push-broom satellites whose imaging capabilities allow for the computation of very accurate numerical elevation models. We also adress the inversion of interferograms in spectrogrametry where the sampling irregularity is caused by imperfectly machined reflecting components. Microvibrations in the single pitch case are estimated from a perturbed, non-dense disparity map under sparsity constraints. Experiments show that this modeling and the developed algorithms can solve this ill-posed problem. Furthermore, an additional regularity hypothesis on the elevation improves this estimation for more difficult cases. Images suffering from micro-vibrations during acquisition necessitate a sampling correction together with deblurring and fast restoration. The algorithm we present here fulfills these requirements thanks an adaptation of the splines setting to the deblurring case, it is faster than state-of-the-art algorithms with equivalent performances. Finally, we adress the interferogram inversion problem in which the signals and sampling sets raise many questions, this work was achieved during a R&T study of the SIFTI instrument examined at CNES, it clarifies these questions in the form of theoretical and numerical results
Duhaut, Pascal. "Influence de l'atmosphère sur les mesures satellitaires : simulation et inversion." Lille 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LIL10020.
Full textBen, Ticha Mohamed Bassam. "Fusion de données satellitaires pour la cartographie du potentiel éolien offshore." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00198912.
Full textKyrgyzov, Ivan. "Recherche dans les bases de données satellitaires des paysages et application au milieu urbain : clustering, consensus et catégorisation." Paris, ENST, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ENST0011.
Full textRemote sensed satellite images have found a wide application for analysing and managing natural resources and human activities. Satellite images of high resolution, e. G. , SPOT5, have large sizes and are very numerous. This gives a large interest to develop new theoretical aspects and practical tools for satellite image mining. The objective of the thesis is unsupervised satellite image mining and includes three main parts. In the first part of the thesiswe demonstrate content of high resolution optical satellite images. We describe image zones by texture and geometrical features. Unsupervised clustering algorithms are presented in the second part of the thesis. A review of validity criteria and information measures is given in order to estimate the quality of clustering solutions. A new criterion based on Minimum Description Length (MDL) is proposed for estimating the optimal number of clusters. In addition, we propose a new kernel hierarchical clustering algorithm based on kernel MDL criterion. A new method of ”clustering combination” is presented in the thesis in order to benefit from several clusterings issued from different algorithms. We develop a hierarchical algorithm to optimise the objective function based on a co-association matrix. A second method is proposed which converges to a global solution. We prove that the global minimum may be found using the gradient density function estimation by the mean shift procedure. Advantages of this method are a fast convergence and a linear complexity. In the third part of the thesis a complete protocol of unsupervised satellite images mining is proposed. Different clustering results are represented via semantic relations between concepts
Le, Men Camille. "Segmentation Spatio-temporelle d'une séquence d'images satellitaires à haute résolution." Phd thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure des telecommunications - ENST, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00658159.
Full textBhattacharya, Avik. "Indexation des images satellitaires en utilisant des informations structurelles." Phd thesis, Paris, ENST, 2007. https://pastel.hal.science/pastel-00006275.
Full textThe properties of road networks vary considerably from one geographical environment to another. The networks pertaining in a satellite image can therefore be used to classify and retrieve such environments. In this work, we propose to classy geographical environment using geometrical and topological features computed from the road networks. The limitations of road extraction methods in dense urban areas was circumvented by segmenting the urban regions and computing a second set of geometrical and topological features from them. The small images forming our database were extracted from images of the SPOT5 satellite with 5m resolution (each image of size 512x512 pixels). The set of geometrical and topological features computed from the road networks and urban regions are used to classify the pre-defined geographical classes. In order to avoid the burden of feature dimensionality and reduce the classification performance, feature selection was performed using Fisher Linear Discriminant (FLD) analysis and an one-vs-rest linear Support Vector Machine (SVM classification was performed on the selected feature set. The impact of spatial resolution and size of images on the feature set have been explored. Tests were performed on a database with images of 10m resolution and on a database with 5m resolution images each of size 256x256 pixels. This approach allows also to classify large SPOT5 images with patches of size 512x512. In this case, a one-vs-rest Gaussian kernel svrv classification method was used to classify this large image. The classification labels the image patch es with the one having the maximum geographical coverage of the area associated in the large image
Bhattacharya, Avik. "Indexation des images satellitaires en utilisant des informations structurelles." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00006275.
Full textSamson, Christophe. "Contribution à la classification d'images satellitaires par approche variationnelle et équations aux dérivées partielles." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00319709.
Full textRoujean, Jean-Louis. "Modélisation des effets bidirectionnels de la réflectance de surface pour la normalisation de données satellitaires de télédétection." Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU30190.
Full textNeuhauser, Mathis. "Etude des lois d’échelle multifractales caractérisant les observations satellitaires des surfaces continentales." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30048.
Full textConsidering the strong spatial and temporal heterogeneity of continental surfaces, remote sensing has proved to be an indispensable means for conducting regular, local and global monitoring of the physical and biophysical processes governing these surfaces. The factors on which they depend, such as soil moisture, surface temperature, vegetation, or topography, are variable over wide ranges of scales that only satellites can access. Thus, over the last fifty years, we have seen a growing number of satellite observations defined at multiple spatial scales and based on multiple technologies. Various methods were then developed to analyze and extract the rich and consistent information acquired by satellites. Methods based on multi-scale analysis can provide an effective means to describe the heterogeneity of these observations and thus better understand the complexity of surface processes. In particular, one possibility is to focus on the existence of statistical scaling laws offering a generic tool applicable to the characterization of any type of geometry. The demonstration of specific scaling behaviors can help to characterize surface processes using a multi-scale approach that is rarely taken into account in current surface models.In this context, the objective of this thesis is to demonstrate the potential of a method dedicated to the characterization of the behaviors of surface geophysical variables on several spatial scales. For this, different complementary satellite observations were analyzed using the Universal Multifractal model (Schertzer and Lovejoy, 1987). Two case studies helped to meet this objective. The first application concerns the multifractal analysis of the products involved in the soil moisture disaggregation algorithm called DisPATCh (Disaggregation based on Physical And Theoretical scale Change; Merlin et al., 2008; Molero et al., 2016), on the southeastern part of Australia. In the second case study, we studied the multi-scale behavior of surface reflectances and optical indices acquired by Sentinel-2 satellite over the South-West region of France, and corrected from atmosphere effects by the processing chain MAJA (MACCS-ATCOR Joint Algorithm; Hagolle et al., 2010, 2015; Rouquié et al., 2017). In both case studies, time series of images were analyzed. Thus, for each variable studied, we were able to relate the temporal evolution of scaling properties to the seasonal variations specific to the study area (meteorological conditions, crop cycles).During this work, different scaling laws were observed on different scale ranges. Two arguments were given to explain these different scaling behaviors, depending on the case study and the product. On the one hand, the observed regimes can reflect the presence of non-linear surface processes such as precipitation, runoff or evapotranspiration, acting at different spatial scales and modulated by various factors such as soil composition and structure (distribution of vegetation, presence of agricultural parcels, etc.). On the other hand, these scaling behaviors may also reflect the impact on surface variables of acquisition techniques (sensor transfer function) or processing methods (combination of products within surface models) that are commonly used in remote sensing. In this way, this study showed the potential of multifractal analysis to describe the heterogeneity of continental surfaces, but also to evaluate the reliability of geophysical products and surface models. This method could be useful for the preparation of future space missions in order to determine the limits of satellite sensors in terms of multi-scale properties, and thus to better estimate the effective resolution of different products derived from satellite acquisitions
Lopez-Ornelas, Erick de Jesus. "Segmentation d'images satellitaires à haute résolution et interaction avec l'information géographique : application à l'extraction de connaissances." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30021.
Full textNdikumana, Emile. "Etude de la végétation à partir de nouveaux capteurs satellitaires radar." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AGPT0010.
Full textIn this thesis, we focus on how SAR images can be used to study vegetation. Vegetation lies at the core of human lives by providing both food and economic resources as well as participating in regulating climate. Traditionally, vegetation is classified into three categories: fields, flooded pastures, and forests. We follow this classification in our study. To tackle the first two, we chose to explore rice (in Camargue, France) since rice fields are initially flooded pastures and turn to fields when more mature. We illustrate the last category with forests in Madagascar.The aim of the first part is to provide a better understanding of the capabilities of Sentinel-1 radar images for agricultural land cover mapping through the use of deep learning techniques. We revealed that even with classical machine learning approaches (K nearest neighbors, random forest and support vector machines), good performance classification could be achieved with F-measure/Accuracy greater than 86% and Kappa coefficient better than 0.82. We found that the results of the two deep recurrent neural network (RNN)-based classifiers clearly outperformed the classical approaches.In the second part, the objective is to study the capabilities of multitemporal radar images for rice height and dry biomass retrievals using Sentinel-1 data. To do this, we train Sentinel-1 data against ground measurements with classical machine learning techniques (Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), Support Vector Regression (SVR) and Random Forest (RF)) to estimate rice height and dry biomass. The study is carried out on the same multitemporal Sentinel-1 dataset in the first part. The error of rice height estimation was 16% (7.9 cm), whereas the biomass was 18% (162 g¢m¡2) (both with Random Forest method). Such results indicate that the highly qualified Sentinel-1 radar data could be well exploited for rice biomass and height retrieval and they could be used for operational tasks.Finally, reducing carbon emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD) requires detailed insight into how the forest biomass is measured and distributed. Studies so far haveestimated forest biomass stocks using rough assumptions and unreliable data. We aim to improve on previous approaches by using radar satellite ALOS PALSAR (25-m resolution) and optical Landsat-derived tree cover (30-m resolution) observations to estimate forest biomass stocks in Madagascar, for the years 2007-2010. The radar signal and in situ biomass were highly correlated (R2 = 0.71) and the root mean square error was 30% (for biomass ranging from 0 to 500 t/ha). Combining radar signal with optical tree cover data appears to be a promising approach for using by L-band SAR to map forest biomass (and hence carbon) over broad geographical scales
Chahdi, Hatim. "Apports des ontologies à l'analyse exploratoire des images satellitaires." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTS014/document.
Full textSatellite images have become a valuable source of information for Earth observation. They are used to address and analyze multiple environmental issues such as landscapes characterization, urban planning or biodiversity conservation to cite a few.Despite of the large number of existing knowledge extraction techniques, the complexity of satellite images, their large volume, and the specific needs of each community of practice, give rise to new challenges and require the development of highly efficient approaches.In this thesis, we investigate the potential of intelligent combination of knowledge representation systems with statistical learning. Our goal is to develop novel methods which allow automatic analysis of remote sensing images. We elaborate, in this context, two new approaches that consider the images as unlabeled quantitative data and examine the possible use of the available domain knowledge.Our first contribution is a hybrid approach, that successfully combines ontology-based reasoning and semi-supervised clustering for semantic classification. An inference engine first reasons over the available domain knowledge in order to obtain semantically labeled instances. These instances are then used to generate constraints that will guide and enhance the clustering. In this way, our method allows the improvement of the labeling of existing classes while discovering new ones.Our second contribution focuses on scaling ontology reasoning over large datasets. We propose a two step approach where topological clustering is first applied in order to summarize the data, in term of a set of prototypes, and reduces by this way the number of future instances to be treated by the reasoner. The representative prototypes are then labeled using the ontology and the labels automatically propagated to all the input data.We applied our methods to the real-word problem of satellite images classification and interpretation and the obtained results are very promising. They showed, on the one hand, that the quality of the classification can be improved by automatic knowledge integration and that the involvement of experts can be reduced. On the other hand, the upstream exploitation of topographic clustering avoids the calculation of the inferences on all the pixels of the image
Andrés, Samuel. "Ontologies dans les images satellitaires : interprétation sémantique des images." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00998692.
Full textRekik, Ahmed. "Segmentation statistique et fusion d'images satellitaires par la théorie de l'évidence dans un contexte markovien." Littoral, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DUNK0207.
Full textThe work developed in this thesis, is focused on the unsupervised statistical segmentation of satellite images in a Markovian context, and their fusion through the evidence theory. Indeed we have developed in this work an optimal statistical approach for the segmentation of satellite images, through the integration and the contribution of several algorithms, especially for the initialisation step by using the K-means clustering algorithm for a better definition of the image classes, then we wanted to rectify and standardize these classes through the Markov fields which allowed the consideration of the neighbourhood concept in the classification phase. For the modelling of the different classes of the image, we opted for the Pearson system for its flexibility and its adaptation by offering a range of different and optimal distributions. Finally, concerning the estimation of the different attributes of each class of the image, we used the EM and SEM algorithms. In order to optimize this work, we integrated in our approach an image fusion phase based on the evidence theory (belief function), which allowed a better decision in the segmentation stage, through the exploitation of the number of information present in the multispectral and multi-temporal images
Pham, Ha Thai. "Analyse de "Time Lapse" optiques stéréo et d'images radar satellitaires : application à la mesure du déplacement de glaciers." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAA004/document.
Full textEarth observation by image acquisition systems allows the survey of temporal evolution of natural phenomena such as earthquakes, volcanoes or gravitational movements. Various techniques exist including satellite imagery, terrestrial photogrammetry and in-situ measurements. Image time series from automatic cameras (Time Lapse) are a growing source of information since they offer an interesting compromise in terms of spatial coverage and observation frequency in order to measure surface motion in specific areas. This PhD thesis is devoted to the analysis of image time series from terrestrial photography and satellite radar imagery to measure the displacement of Alpine glaciers. We are particularly interested in Time Lapse stereo processing problems for monitoring geophysical objects in unfavorable conditions for photogrammetry. We propose a single-camera processing chain that includes the steps of automatic photograph selection, coregistration and calculation of two-dimensional (2D) displacement field. The information provided by the stereo pairs is then processed using the MICMAC software to reconstruct the relief and get the three-dimensional (3D) displacement. Several pairs of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images were also processed with the EFIDIR tools to obtain 2D displacement fields in the radar geometry in ascending or descending orbits. The combination of measurements obtained almost simultaneously on these two types of orbits allows the reconstruction of the 3D displacement. These methods have been implemented on time series of stereo pairs acquired by two automatic cameras installed on the right bank of the Argentière glacier and on TerraSAR-X satellite images covering the Mont-Blanc massif. The results are presented on data acquired during a multi-instrument experiment conducted in collaboration with the French Geographic National Institute (IGN) during the fall of 2013,with a network of Géocubes which provided GPS measurements. They are used to evaluate the accuracy of the results obtained by proximal and remote sensing on this type of glacier
Danjou, Alexandre. "Émissions de CO2 estimées par données satellitaires sur les villes à forte croissance démographique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPASJ029.
Full textCities are responsible for more than half of all greenhouse gas emissions. While many cities have committed to emission reduction trajectories, many lack the infrastructure to develop their emissions budgets. The measurement of CO2 plumes from cities by satellite imagery, coupled with atmospheric inversion methods, could allow quantifying direct CO2 emissions from cities, or at least detecting trends in their evolution.OCO-3, with its Snapshot Area Maps (SAMs) mode, is the first instrument to provide 2D (≈80km*80km) images of the total CO2 column at high resolution (≈2km*2km). In particular, these SAMs target atmospheric plumes of CO2 from cities and powerplants, with the goal of quantifying their emissions. Methods to estimate these emissions must be reliable and fast to process all available images (several thousands for OCO-3), whose number will increase with the CO2M and GeoCarb missions. The inversion methods by direct flux calculation (Integrated Mass Enhancement, Cross-Sectional and Source Pixel) or with a Gaussian plume model require little computation time. This thesis aims to evaluate the accuracy of these CO2 plume inversion methods and to study the favorable cases in terms of target and observation condition. This is done in a theoretical framework (atmospheric transport simulations) and by applying the methods to acquired SAMs.We quantify and analyze the different sources of error of these methods in detail using satellite pseudo-images of plumes, first over Paris and then over 31 cities in the world. The error of these methods is mainly due to errors in the estimation of the background concentration (XCO2 concentration that does not come from the city emissions) and in the estimation of the effective wind that carried the plume. We show, with a decision tree learning method, the sensitivity of the error on the emission estimate to the variability of the wind direction in the PBL and to the city's emission budget. The set of pseudo-images for which the emissions are large (>2.1ktCO2/h) and the wind direction variability low (<11°) gives a bias and a theoretical IQR lower than 10% and 60% of the emissions, when these are estimated with the optimal inversion configuration with a Gaussian plume.We finally apply our methods to the OCO-3 SAMs and show that the sensitivities of the theoretical error to the two selection parameters are reflected in the difference of the emission estimates from our methods and from a spatialized inventory (here ODIAC). More than half of the SAMs are not usable with our methods (too few points, low sampling downwind of the city,..). Our emission estimates are lower than those of the ODIAC inventory (≈-25% with the inversion using the Gaussian plume). One source of this underestimation is the error in the wind reanalysis product used. The IQR of the difference between the emissions estimated by our methods and by the inventory is also larger (150%) than the theoretical error. Two important reasons for this are the uncertainties in the inventory emissions and in the wind field reanalyses used. This work suggests that the estimation of urban CO2 emissions requires further methodological development to reduce, amongst other, the error in the estimation of background plume concentrations. However, the error in the wind fields remains a problem, regardless of the inversion method used. Suggestions are made to add a selection layer to the pseudo-images. In addition, more frequent images will be needed to hope to detect trends in city emissions on a multi-year scale
Fischer, Alberte. "Suivi de la croissance des cultures en zone hétérogène au moyen d'informations satellitaires. Complémentarité avec les modèles de croissance." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30262.
Full textBeisson, Rémi. "Détection de changements dans les séries temporelles d’images satellitaires multi-dimensionnelles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0095.
Full textThis thesis focuses on change detection in multidimensional time series of satellite images. Specifically, we address the equality test of covariance matrices in the context of multivariate complex Gaussian time series. The covariance matrices of L time series, each of dimension M, are modeled as rank-K perturbations of the identity matrix, representing a signal-plus-noise model. In this research, we propose a novel test statistic based on estimates of the eigenvalues of covariance matrices. This test statistic is consistent in the asymptotic regime of large dimensions, where the sample sizes N1, . . . ,NL for each time series and the dimension M approach infinity at the same rate, while keeping K and L fixed. Additionally, we provide a control of the Type I error of the proposed test statistic in the asymptotic regime of large dimensions. Simulations on simulated data and real-world data have demonstrated rather satisfactory results compared to other relevant methods, even for moderate values of M and N1, . . . ,NL
El, @Khabchi Mohamed. "Traitement d'images satellitaires (Landsat-MSS) pour une cartographie automatique de l'occupation agricole de la région de Marrakech (Maroc) poursuivis d'une réflexion méthodologique." Aix-Marseille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX10045.
Full textChehata, Nesrine. "Modélisation 3D de scènes urbaines à partir d'images satellitaires à très haute résolution." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011529.
Full textOn dispose en entrée de couples stéréoscopiques panchromatiques à [50-70 cm] de résolution et de faible rapport Base sur Hauteur B/H [0.05-0.2]. On exclut la multiscopie.
Étant donnée la complexité d'une extraction fine et détaillée des toits en contexte satellitaire, on propose de modéliser la scène urbaine par une surface 3D hybride fournissant différents niveaux de description en fonction de la fiabilité des primitives extraites : points 3D, segments 3D et surfaces planes.
Une stratégie mixte a été adoptée. Tout d'abord, une stratégie ascendante basée sur les images permet d'extraire les primitives 3D (segments 3D et facettes 3D). Deux stratégies complémentaires d'extractions de primitives seront détaillées. Une description multi-échelles est utilisée pour la segmentation des images. Notre apport consiste essentiellement dans l'appariement global de deux segmentations multi-échelles du couple stéréoscopique.
L'ensemble des primitives sera validé par une approche descendante et permettra de contraindre la modélisation de la surface 3D.
Le problème de modélisation de surface 3D peut être formulé comme un problème de minimisation d'énergie. Il sera résolu par optimisation à base de flots de graphes, contrainte par les primitives 3D. Le graphe 3D hybride sera construit à partir d'un volume de corrélation sur la scène 3D et des primitives 3D extraites. La surface finale est obtenue par recherche de la coupe de capacité minimale dans ce graphe 3D.
La majeure contribution de notre approche consiste à utiliser des primitives 3D extraites et des données externes telles que le réseau routier ou les plans cadastraux pour contraindre le problème d'optimisation et modéliser de manière explicite les occultations et les discontinuités.
Le produit final, sera un Modèle Numérique d'Élévation hybride « raster/vecteur », permettant d'exploiter à chaque endroit de la scène, les primitives du niveau le plus élevé que l'on a pu reconstruire de manière fiable.
Mots-clés : images satellitaires haute résolution, stéréoscopie, Modèle Numérique d'Élévation, primitives 3D, mise en correspondance de régions, appariement multi-échelles, optimisation à base de flots de graphes.
Pajot, Benjamin. "Analyse et prévision de l'ozone issues d'une assimilation de données satellitaires à haute résolution." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1485/.
Full textN'Guessan, Kouakou Edouard. "Utilisation des données satellitaires à haute résolution pour l'étude des ressources végétales en Côte d'Ivoire : cas des forêts classées de Badenou et du Haut Sassandra." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30006.
Full textObrecht, Dominique. "Météorologie solaire et images satellitaires : cartographie du rayonnement solaire, détermination de l'albédo des sols et évaluation de l'ennuagement." Phd thesis, Nice, 1990. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00957267.
Full textLacoste, Caroline. "Extraction de réseaux linéiques à partir d'images satellitaires et aériennes par processus ponctuels marqués." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00261397.
Full textNous proposons tout d'abord une modélisation du réseau linéique par un processus dont les objets sont des segments interagissant entre eux. Le modèle a priori est construit de façon à exploiter au mieux la topologie du réseau recherche au travers de potentiels fondés sur la qualité de chaque interaction. Les propriétés radiométriques sont prises en compte dans un terme d'attache aux données fondé sur des mesures statistiques.
Nous étendons ensuite cette modélisation à des objets plus complexes. La manipulation de lignes brisées permet une extraction plus précise du réseau et améliore la détection des bifurcations.
Enfin, nous proposons une modélisation hiérarchique des réseaux hydrographiques dans laquelle les affluents d'un fleuve sont modélisés par un processus de lignes brisées dans le voisinage de ce fleuve.
Pour chacun des modèles, nous accélérons la convergence de l'algorithme MCMC par l'ajout de perturbations adaptées.
La pertinence de cette modélisation par processus objet est vérifiée sur des images satellitaires et aériennes, optiques et radar.
Rahman, Hafizur. "Extraction de propriétés caractérisant la surface et l'atmosphère à partir de mesures satellitaires : [thèse en partie soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux]." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30237.
Full textMarhaba, Bassel. "Restauration d'images Satellitaires par des techniques de filtrage statistique non linéaire." Thesis, Littoral, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018DUNK0502/document.
Full textSatellite image processing is considered one of the more interesting areas in the fields of digital image processing. Satellite images are subject to be degraded due to several reasons, satellite movements, weather, scattering, and other factors. Several methods for satellite image enhancement and restoration have been studied and developed in the literature. The work presented in this thesis, is focused on satellite image restoration by nonlinear statistical filtering techniques. At the first step, we proposed a novel method to restore satellite images using a combination between blind and non-blind restoration techniques. The reason for this combination is to exploit the advantages of each technique used. In the second step, novel statistical image restoration algorithms based on nonlinear filters and the nonparametric multivariate density estimation have been proposed. The nonparametric multivariate density estimation of posterior density is used in the resampling step of the Bayesian bootstrap filter to resolve the problem of loss of diversity among the particles. Finally, we have introduced a new hybrid combination method for image restoration based on the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and the proposed algorithms in step two, and, we have proved that the performance of the combined method is better than the performance of the DWT approach in the reduction of noise in degraded satellite images
Le, Ber Françoise. "Modélisation des connaissances et raisonnements pour l'analyse de paysages agraires à partir de données satellitaires." Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN10342.
Full textBachari, Houma Fouzia. "Modélisation et cartographie de la pollution marine et de la bathymétrie à partir de l'imagerie satellitaire." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00504378.
Full textDrouin, Agathe. "Détermination de la colonne d'ozone atmosphérique à l'aide d'observations satellitaires dans la bande d'absorption de l'ozone à 9,7 micromètres : applications et caractérisations de cette détermination." Toulouse, INPT, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPT020H.
Full textSportouche, Hélène. "Extraction et reconstruction des bâtiments en milieu urbain à partir d'images satellitaires optiques et radar à haute résolution." Phd thesis, Paris, Télécom ParisTech, 2010. https://pastel.hal.science/pastel-00564891.
Full textThese works take place in the framework of building extraction and 3D building reconstruction in urban and semi-urban areas, from high-resolution optical and SAR satellite images. The main objective is to develop a complete semi-automatic processing chain, able to provide a simple and reliable reconstruction of parallelepipedic buildings on the scene, from a specific configuration of the input data, composed of an optical image and a SAR image, and from a digital terrain model. This restricted configuration, particularly delicate to deal with but likely to happen in operational conditions, has been until now studied only in a few works. Proposing a specific approach to manage such a scenario seems thus very interesting for a lot of applications in remote sensing. We aim to fully benefit from the data fusion context, by exploiting, in an appropriate way, the optical-SAR complementarities for the reconstruction of the scene, through the combination of planimetric and altimetric information. The proposed chain is decomposed into four steps: potential building detection in optical monoscopy; projection and registration of the potential optical footprints into SAR data; height estimation and building validation on the SAR image; qualification of the reconstructed buildings. The whole chain is applied on studied scenes issued from a couple of Quickbird and TerraSAR-X real data. The obtained results are qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. A globally satisfying reconstruction of the buildings is achieved
Sportouche, Hélène. "Extraction et reconstruction des bâtiments en milieu urbain à partir d'images satellitaires optiques et radar à haute résolution." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00564891.
Full textLobry, Sylvain. "Modèles Markoviens pour les images SAR : application à la détection de l'eau dans les images satellitaires SWOT et analyse multi-temporelle de zones urbaines." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENST0056.
Full textTo obtain a better coverage both spatially and temporally, hydrologists use spaceborne data in addition to data acquired in situ. Resulting from a collaboration between NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and the French Space Agency (CNES), the upcoming SWOT mission will provide global continental water elevation measures using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) interferometry. In this dissertation, we address the problem of water detection in SWOT amplitude images, which is to be performed before the interferometric processing. To this end, we propose to use a method dedicated to the detection of large water bodies and a specific algorithm for the detection of narrow rivers. The first method is based on Markov Random Fields (MRF). The classification is regularized and the class parameters, which cannot be assumed constant in the case of SWOT, are jointly estimated. The second method is based on segment detection at the pixel level, completed by a connection step. To study the extension to multi-temporal data, we propose methods adapted to the processing of series of SAR images of urban areas. These areas feature strong scatterers, having a radiometry orders of magnitude higher than the other points in the image. The proposed models explicitly account for the presence of these strong scatterers by considering the images as a sum of two components (the background and the strong scatterers). Different regularization terms can then be applied to each of these components. Modeled as MRF, they can then be optimized exactly using graph cuts. We present applications for strong scatterers detection, regularization and change detection
Roupioz, Laure. "Modélisation et suivi de l'éclairement et de l'albédo de surface à partir de données satellitaires : le cas du Tibet." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAD022/document.
Full textMonitoring the solar radiation budget on a daily basis is a prerequisite to study land surface processes, especially in climatology and hydrology. As part of the CEOP-Aegis project studying the hydrology of the Tibetan Plateau, this thesis focuses on developing a method to adequately estimate at-surface daily solar radiation budget over this particular area. A radiation budget time series produced based on existing satellite data products highlights the necessity to consider terrain and clouds sub-pixel variability when working over heterogeneous areas such as the Tibetan Plateau. The analysis of the impact of spatial and temporal variability of clouds on solar radiation demonstrates that the surface irradiance estimation would benefit from using cloud distribution instead of cloud fraction and the significance of high temporal resolution. A new sub-pixel topographic correction method is proposed and shows that using high resolution digital elevation model improves the irradiance as well as the albedo retrieval. Two approaches are proposed to improve solar radiation budget estimates taking into account adequately the sub-pixel heterogeneity
Beguet, Benoît. "Caractérisation et cartographie de la structure forestière à partir d'images satellitaires à très haute résolution spatiale." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BOR30041/document.
Full textVery High spatial Resolution (VHR) images like Pléiades imagery (50 cm panchromatic, 2m multispectral) allows a detailed description of forest structure (tree distribution and size) at stand level, by exploiting the spatial relationship between tree structure and image texture when the pixel size is smaller than tree dimensions. This information meets the expected strong need for spatial inventory of forest resources at the stand level and its changes due to forest management, land use or catastrophic events. The aim is twofold : (1) assess the VHR satellite images potential to estimate the main variables of forest structure from the image texture: crown diameter, stem diameter, height, density or tree spacing, (2) on these bases, a pixel-based image classification of forest structure is processed in order to produce the finest possible spatial information. The main developments concern parameter optimization, variable selection, multivariate regression modelling and ensemble-based classification (Random Forests). They are tested and evaluated on the Landes maritime pine forest with three Pléiades images and a Quickbird image acquired under different conditions (season, sun angle, view angle). The method is generic. The robustness of the proposed method to image acquisition parameters is evaluated. Results show that fine variations of texture characteristics related to those of forest structure are clearly identifiable. Performances in terms of forest variable estimation (RMSE): ~1,1m for crown diameter, ~3m for tree height and ~0,9m for tree spacing, as well as forest structure mapping (~82% Overall accuracy for the classification of the five main forest structure classes) are satisfactory from an operational perspective. Their application to multi- annual images will assess their ability to detect and map forest changes such as clear cut, urban sprawl or storm damages
Karasiak, Nicolas. "Cartographie des essences forestières à partir de séries temporelles d’images satellitaires à hautes résolutions : stabilité des prédictions, autocorrélation spatiale et cohérence avec la phénologie observée in situ." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020INPT0115.
Full textForests have a key role on earth, whether to store carbon and so reducing the global warming or to provide a place for many species. However, the composition of the forest (the location of the tree species or their diversity) has an influence on the ecological services provided. In this context, it seems critical to map tree species that make it up the forest. Remote sensing, especially from satellite images, appears to be the most appropriate way to map large areas. Thanks to the satellite constellations such as Sentinel-2 or Landsat-8 and their free acquisition for the user, the use of time series of satellite images with high spatial, spectral and temporal resolution using automatic learning algorithms is now easy to access. While many works have studied the potential of satellite images to identify tree species, few use time series (several images per year) with high spatial resolution and taking into account the spatial autocorrelation of references, i.e. the spectral similarity of spatially close samples. However, by not taking this phenomenon into account, evaluation biases may occur and thus overestimate the quality of the learning models. It is also a question of better identifying the methodological barriers in order to understand why it can be easy or complicated for an algorithm to identify one species from another. The general objective of the thesis is to study the potential and the obstacles concerning the idenficiation of forest tree species from satellite images time series with high spatial, spectral and temporal resolution. The first objective is to study the temporal stability of predictions from a nine-year archive of the Formosat-2 satellite. More specifically, the work focuses on the implementation of a validation method that is as faithful as possible to the observed quality of the maps. The second objective focuses on the link between in situ phenological events (leaf growth at the beginning of the season, or leaf loss and coloration at the end of the season) and what can be observed by remote sensing. In addition to the ability to detect these events, it will be studied whether what allows the algorithms to identify tree species from each other is related to species-specific behaviors
Moussa, Hadjer. "Traitement automatique de données océanographiques pour l'interpolation de la ∫CO₂ de surface dans l'océan Atlantique tropical, en utilisant les données satellitaires." Thesis, Perpignan, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PERP0025/document.
Full textThis thesis work consists of using satellite data of SST (sea surface temperature), SSS (sea surface salinity), and Chl-a (chlorophyll-a), in order to interpolate the CO2 fugacity (fCO2) in the surface of the tropical Atlantic ocean, for seasons of the period 2002-2013. Three data types were used: in situ (SOCAT V.3 DB (database)); satellite (MODIS-A, Sea-WIFS, and SMOS sensors); and assimilated (SODA V.2.2.4 DB). The first step was the data classification based on SST. The second step was the fCO2 interpolation (for each class of each season), using feedforward NNs (artificial neural networks) with a backpropagation learning method. Obtained results (RMSEs (root mean square error) between 8,8 and 15,7 µatm) confirm the importance of: process each season separately, pass through data classification step, and choose the best NN on the basis of generalization step results. This allowed the development of 138 monthly fCO2 CSV (Comma-separated values) file, with 4 km x 4 km spatial resolution, for the period from July 2002 to December 2013
Hedhli, Ihsen. "Modèles de classification hiérarchiques d'images satellitaires multi-résolutions, multi-temporelles et multi-capteurs. Application aux désastres naturels." Thesis, Nice, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NICE4006/document.
Full textThe capabilities to monitor the Earth's surface, notably in urban and built-up areas, for example in the framework of the protection from environmental disasters such as floods or earthquakes, play important roles in multiple social, economic, and human viewpoints. In this framework, accurate and time-efficient classification methods are important tools required to support the rapid and reliable assessment of ground changes and damages induced by a disaster, in particular when an extensive area has been affected. Given the substantial amount and variety of data available currently from last generation very-high resolution (VHR) satellite missions such as Pléiades, COSMO-SkyMed, or RadarSat-2, the main methodological difficulty is to develop classifiers that are powerful and flexible enough to utilize the benefits of multiband, multiresolution, multi-date, and possibly multi-sensor input imagery. With the proposed approaches, multi-date/multi-sensor and multi-resolution fusion are based on explicit statistical modeling. The method combines a joint statistical model of multi-sensor and multi-temporal images through hierarchical Markov random field (MRF) modeling, leading to statistical supervised classification approaches. We have developed novel hierarchical Markov random field models, based on the marginal posterior modes (MPM) criterion, that support information extraction from multi-temporal and/or multi-sensor information and allow the joint supervised classification of multiple images taken over the same area at different times, from different sensors, and/or at different spatial resolutions. The developed methods have been experimentally validated with complex optical multispectral (Pléiades), X-band SAR (COSMO-Skymed), and C-band SAR (RadarSat-2) imagery taken from the Haiti site