Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Imagerie RGB'
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Lefévre, Soizic. "Caractérisation de la qualité des raisins par imagerie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Reims, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023REIMS017.
Full textIdentifying the health conditions of the grapes at harvest time is a major issue in order to produce quality wines. To meet this issue, data are acquired by spectrometry, hyperspectral imaging and RGB imaging on grape samples during harvest.Several pre-treatments adapted to each type of data are applied such as normalization, reduction, extraction of characteristic vectors, and segmentation of useful areas. From an imaging point of view, the reconstruction in false colors of hyperspectral images, far from reality, doesn’t allow to label all the intra-class diversity. On the other hand, the visual quality of RGB imaging enables accurate class labelling. From this labelling, classifiers such as support vector machines, random forests, maximum likelihood estimation, spectral mapping, k-means are tested and trained on labelled bases. Depending on the nature of the data, the most effective is applied to whole images of grape clusters or crates of grapes of several grape varieties from different parcels.The quality indices obtained from RGB image processing are very close to the estimates made by experts in the field
Kacete, Amine. "Unconstrained Gaze Estimation Using RGB-D Camera." Thesis, CentraleSupélec, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SUPL0012/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we tackled the automatic gaze estimation problem in unconstrained user environments. This work takes place in the computer vision research field applied to the perception of humans and their behaviors. Many existing industrial solutions are commercialized and provide an acceptable accuracy in gaze estimation. These solutions often use a complex hardware such as range of infrared cameras (embedded on a head mounted or in a remote system) making them intrusive, very constrained by the user's environment and inappropriate for a large scale public use. We focus on estimating gaze using cheap low-resolution and non-intrusive devices like the Kinect sensor. We develop new methods to address some challenging conditions such as head pose changes, illumination conditions and user-sensor large distance. In this work we investigated different gaze estimation paradigms. We first developed two automatic gaze estimation systems following two classical approaches: feature and semi appearance-based approaches. The major limitation of such paradigms lies in their way of designing gaze systems which assume a total independence between eye appearance and head pose blocks. To overcome this limitation, we converged to a novel paradigm which aims at unifying the two previous components and building a global gaze manifold, we explored two global approaches across the experiments by using synthetic and real RGB-D gaze samples
Kadkhodamohammadi, Abdolrahim. "3D detection and pose estimation of medical staff in operating rooms using RGB-D images." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAD047/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we address the two problems of person detection and pose estimation in Operating Rooms (ORs), which are key ingredients in the development of surgical assistance applications. We perceive the OR using compact RGB-D cameras that can be conveniently integrated in the room. These sensors provide complementary information about the scene, which enables us to develop methods that can cope with numerous challenges present in the OR, e.g. clutter, textureless surfaces and occlusions. We present novel part-based approaches that take advantage of depth, multi-view and temporal information to construct robust human detection and pose estimation models. Evaluation is performed on new single- and multi-view datasets recorded in operating rooms. We demonstrate very promising results and show that our approaches outperform state-of-the-art methods on this challenging data acquired during real surgeries
Devanne, Maxime. "3D human behavior understanding by shape analysis of human motion and pose." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10138/document.
Full textThe emergence of RGB-D sensors providing the 3D structure of both the scene and the human body offers new opportunities for studying human motion and understanding human behaviors. However, the design and development of models for behavior recognition that are both accurate and efficient is a challenging task due to the variability of the human pose, the complexity of human motion and possible interactions with the environment. In this thesis, we first focus on the action recognition problem by representing human action as the trajectory of 3D coordinates of human body joints over the time, thus capturing simultaneously the body shape and the dynamics of the motion. The action recognition problem is then formulated as the problem of computing the similarity between shape of trajectories in a Riemannian framework. Experiments carried out on four representative benchmarks demonstrate the potential of the proposed solution in terms of accuracy/latency for a low-latency action recognition. Second, we extend the study to more complex behaviors by analyzing the evolution of the human pose shape to decompose the motion stream into short motion units. Each motion unit is then characterized by the motion trajectory and depth appearance around hand joints, so as to describe the human motion and interaction with objects. Finally, the sequence of temporal segments is modeled through a Dynamic Naive Bayesian Classifier. Experiments on four representative datasets evaluate the potential of the proposed approach in different contexts, including recognition and online detection of behaviors
Tykkälä, Tommi. "Suivi de caméra image en temps réel base et cartographie de l'environnement." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00933813.
Full textAlston, Laure. "Spectroscopie de fluorescence et imagerie optique pour l'assistance à la résection de gliomes : conception et caractérisation de systèmes de mesure et modèles de traitement des données associées, sur fantômes et au bloc opératoire." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1295/document.
Full textGliomas are infiltrative tumors of the brain which are yet hardly curable, notably because of the difficulty to precisely delimitate their margins during surgery. Intraoperative 5-ALA induced protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) fluorescence microscopy has shown its relevance to assist neurosurgeons but lacks sensitivity. In this thesis, we perform a spectroscopic clinical trial on 10 patients with the assumption that collected fluorescence is a linear combination of the contribution of two states of PpIX which proportions vary with the density of tumor cells. This work starts with the development of the intraoperative, portable and real time fluorescence spectroscopic device that provides multi-wavelength excitation. Then, we show its use on PpIX phantoms with tissues mimicking properties. This first enables to obtain a reference emitted spectrum for each state apart and then permits the development of a fitting model to adjust any emitted spectrum as a linear combination of the references in the spectral band 608-637 nm. Next, we present the steps led to get approvals for the clinical trial, especially the risk analysis. In vivo data analysis is then presented, showing that we detect fluorescence where current microscopes cannot, which could exhibit a change in PpIX state from glioma center to its margins. Besides, the relevance of multi-wavelength excitation is highlighted as the correlation between the three measured spectra of a same sample decreases with the density of tumor cells. Finally, the complementary need to intraoperatively identify cerebral functional areas is tackled with optical measurements as a perspective and other properties of PpIX on phantoms are also raised
Chakib, Reda. "Acquisition et rendu 3D réaliste à partir de périphériques "grand public"." Thesis, Limoges, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIMO0101/document.
Full textDigital imaging, from the synthesis of images to computer vision isexperiencing a strong evolution, due among other factors to the democratization and commercial success of 3D cameras. In the same context, the consumer 3D printing, which is experiencing a rapid rise, contributes to the strong demand for this type of camera for the needs of 3D scanning. The objective of this thesis is to acquire and master a know-how in the field of the capture / acquisition of 3D models in particular on the rendered aspect. The realization of a 3D scanner from a RGB-D camera is part of the goal. During the acquisition phase, especially for a portable device, there are two main problems, the problem related to the repository of each capture and the final rendering of the reconstructed object
Chiron, Guillaume. "Système complet d’acquisition vidéo, de suivi de trajectoires et de modélisation comportementale pour des environnements 3D naturellement encombrés : application à la surveillance apicole." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LAROS030/document.
Full textThis manuscript provides the basis for a complete chain of videosurveillence for naturally cluttered environments. In the latter, we identify and solve the wide spectrum of methodological and technological barriers inherent to : 1) the acquisition of video sequences in natural conditions, 2) the image processing problems, 3) the multi-target tracking ambiguities, 4) the discovery and the modeling of recurring behavioral patterns, and 5) the data fusion. The application context of our work is the monitoring of honeybees, and in particular the study of the trajectories bees in flight in front of their hive. In fact, this thesis is part a feasibility and prototyping study carried by the two interdisciplinary projects EPERAS and RISQAPI (projects undertaken in collaboration with INRA institute and the French National Museum of Natural History). It is for us, computer scientists, and for biologists who accompanied us, a completely new area of investigation for which the scientific knowledge, usually essential for such applications, are still in their infancy. Unlike existing approaches for monitoring insects, we propose to tackle the problem in the three-dimensional space through the use of a high frequency stereo camera. In this context, we detail our new target detection method which we called HIDS segmentation. Concerning the computation of trajectories, we explored several tracking approaches, relying on more or less a priori, which are able to deal with the extreme conditions of the application (e.g. many targets, small in size, following chaotic movements). Once the trajectories are collected, we organize them according to a given hierarchical data structure and apply a Bayesian nonparametric approach for discovering emergent behaviors within the colony of insects. The exploratory analysis of the trajectories generated by the crowded scene is performed following an unsupervised classification method simultaneously over different levels of semantic, and where the number of clusters for each level is not defined a priori, but rather estimated from the data only. This approach is has been validated thanks to a ground truth generated by a Multi-Agent System. Then we tested it in the context of real data
Muske, Manideep Sai Yadav. "To Detect Water-Puddle On Driving Terrain From RGB Imagery Using Deep Learning Algorithms." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-21229.
Full textFernández, Gallego José Armando. "Image processing techniques for plant phenotyping using RGB and thermal imagery = Técnicas de procesamiento de imágenes RGB y térmicas como herramienta para fenotipado de cultivos." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669111.
Full textLas existencias mundiales de cereales deben aumentar para satisfacer la creciente demanda. Actualmente, el maíz, el arroz y el trigo son los principales cultivos a nivel mundial, otros cereales como la cebada, el sorgo y la avena están también bien ubicados en la lista. La productividad de los cultivos se ve afectada directamente por factores del cambio climático como el calor, la sequía, las inundaciones o las tormentas. Los investigadores coinciden en que el cambio climático global está teniendo un gran impacto en la productividad de los cultivos. Es por esto que muchos estudios se han centrado en escenarios de cambio climático y más específicamente en estrés abiótico. Por ejemplo, en el caso de estrés por calor, las altas temperaturas entre antesis y llenado de grano pueden disminuir el rendimiento del grano. Para hacer frente al cambio climático y escenarios ambientales futuros, el mejoramiento de plantas es una de las principales alternativas; incluso se considera que las técnicas de mejoramiento contribuyen en mayor medida al aumento del rendimiento que el manejo del cultivo. Los programas de mejora se centran en identificar genotipos con altos rendimientos y calidad para actuar como progenitores y promover los mejores individuos para desarrollar nuevas variedades de plantas. Los mejoradores utilizan los datos fenotípicos, el desempeño de las plantas y los cultivos, y la información genética para mejorar el rendimiento mediante selección (GxE, donde G y E indican factores genéticos y ambientales). El fenotipado plantas está relacionado con las características observables (o medibles) de la planta mientras crece el cultivo, así como con la asociación entre el fondo genético de la planta y su respuesta al medio ambiente (GxE). En el fenotipado tradicional, las mediciones se clasifican manualmente, lo cual es tedioso, consume mucho tiempo y es propenso a errores subjetivos. Sin embargo, hoy en día la tecnología está involucrada en muchas aplicaciones. Desde el punto de vista del fenotipado de plantas, la tecnología se ha incorporado como una herramienta. El uso de técnicas de procesamiento de imágenes que integran sensores y algoritmos son por lo tanto una alternativa para evaluar automáticamente (o semiautomáticamente) estas características.
Capellier, Édouard. "Application of machine learning techniques for evidential 3D perception, in the context of autonomous driving." Thesis, Compiègne, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COMP2534.
Full textThe perception task is paramount for self-driving vehicles. Being able to extract accurate and significant information from sensor inputs is mandatory, so as to ensure a safe operation. The recent progresses of machine-learning techniques revolutionize the way perception modules, for autonomous driving, are being developed and evaluated, while allowing to vastly overpass previous state-of-the-art results in practically all the perception-related tasks. Therefore, efficient and accurate ways to model the knowledge that is used by a self-driving vehicle is mandatory. Indeed, self-awareness, and appropriate modeling of the doubts, are desirable properties for such system. In this work, we assumed that the evidence theory was an efficient way to finely model the information extracted from deep neural networks. Based on those intuitions, we developed three perception modules that rely on machine learning, and the evidence theory. Those modules were tested on real-life data. First, we proposed an asynchronous evidential occupancy grid mapping algorithm, that fused semantic segmentation results obtained from RGB images, and LIDAR scans. Its asynchronous nature makes it particularly efficient to handle sensor failures. The semantic information is used to define decay rates at the cell level, and handle potentially moving object. Then, we proposed an evidential classifier of LIDAR objects. This system is trained to distinguish between vehicles and vulnerable road users, that are detected via a clustering algorithm. The classifier can be reinterpreted as performing a fusion of simple evidential mass functions. Moreover, a simple statistical filtering scheme can be used to filter outputs of the classifier that are incoherent with regards to the training set, so as to allow the classifier to work in open world, and reject other types of objects. Finally, we investigated the possibility to perform road detection in LIDAR scans, from deep neural networks. We proposed two architectures that are inspired by recent state-of-the-art LIDAR processing systems. A training dataset was acquired and labeled in a semi-automatic fashion from road maps. A set of fused neural networks reaches satisfactory results, which allowed us to use them in an evidential road mapping and object detection algorithm, that manages to run at 10 Hz
Hasnat, Md Abul. "Unsupervised 3D image clustering and extension to joint color and depth segmentation." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STET4013/document.
Full textAccess to the 3D images at a reasonable frame rate is widespread now, thanks to the recent advances in low cost depth sensors as well as the efficient methods to compute 3D from 2D images. As a consequence, it is highly demanding to enhance the capability of existing computer vision applications by incorporating 3D information. Indeed, it has been demonstrated in numerous researches that the accuracy of different tasks increases by including 3D information as an additional feature. However, for the task of indoor scene analysis and segmentation, it remains several important issues, such as: (a) how the 3D information itself can be exploited? and (b) what is the best way to fuse color and 3D in an unsupervised manner? In this thesis, we address these issues and propose novel unsupervised methods for 3D image clustering and joint color and depth image segmentation. To this aim, we consider image normals as the prominent feature from 3D image and cluster them with methods based on finite statistical mixture models. We consider Bregman Soft Clustering method to ensure computationally efficient clustering. Moreover, we exploit several probability distributions from directional statistics, such as the von Mises-Fisher distribution and the Watson distribution. By combining these, we propose novel Model Based Clustering methods. We empirically validate these methods using synthetic data and then demonstrate their application for 3D/depth image analysis. Afterward, we extend these methods to segment synchronized 3D and color image, also called RGB-D image. To this aim, first we propose a statistical image generation model for RGB-D image. Then, we propose novel RGB-D segmentation method using a joint color-spatial-axial clustering and a statistical planar region merging method. Results show that, the proposed method is comparable with the state of the art methods and requires less computation time. Moreover, it opens interesting perspectives to fuse color and geometry in an unsupervised manner. We believe that the methods proposed in this thesis are equally applicable and extendable for clustering different types of data, such as speech, gene expressions, etc. Moreover, they can be used for complex tasks, such as joint image-speech data analysis
Madec, Simon. "Phenotyping wheat structural traits from millimetric resolution RGB imagery in field conditions High-Throughput Phenotyping of Plant Height: Comparing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Ground LiDAR Estimates Ear density estimation from high resolution RGB imagery using deep learning technique." Thesis, Avignon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AVIG0707.
Full textGenetic progress is one of the major leverage used to increase food production and satisfy the needs for the increasing human population under global change issues. Selecting or creating the optimal cultivar for a given location is quite challenging considering the very large spatial and temporal variability of the environmental conditions. Field phenotyping, i.e. the quantitative monitoring of crop state variables and canopy functioning, was recognized as the bottleneck to accelerate genetic progress and increase crop yield. This multidisciplinary study develops statistical and image processing methods to estimate the several structural traits of wheat to be applied to crop breeding. Further, this thesis was undertaken in the context of rapid hardware and software technological advancements illustrated by the increasing accessibility to UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) and UGV (Unmanned Ground Vehicle) platforms, the decreasing cost of processing units (GPUs, cloud computing) and the boom in the development of deep learning algorithms. This manuscript is divided into five chapters: The first chapter introduces the motivation behind the study as well as the current needs for high throughput phenotyping. A state of the art on phenotyping is also achieved by drawing attention to image processing methods and convolutional neural networks. The second chapter presents the development of methodologies for estimating the crop height. The feasibility of two main technologies and platforms were compared and proven: LiDAR mounted on a UGV and RGB (Red Green Blue) images acquired by a UAV. The next two chapters address the problem of estimating the density of wheat ears and stems from spatial high-resolution images. The results show the potential and limitations of deep learning for this application. Emphasis is also put on the study of the different possible acquisition configurations and the throughput of the method. The last chapter summarizes the pipelines developed and draws different perspectives of high throughput phenotyping to replace or supplement in-situ measurements as well as the improvement facilitated by the methods developed
Moncelet, Damien. "Propriétés d'agent de ciblage et de molécules cytotoxiques pour l'IRM et la thérapie de gliomes." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0166/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to improve the diagnostic and the therapy of glioma through both the integrin targeting by RGD and the development of Alkoxyamine as multimodal agent. The RGD internalization is regulated by the cellular density, a histologic parameterfor the glioma classification. In our model, the cellular density increases the contribution of both the clathrin-mediated endocytosis and the metabolism but not the one of the cytoskeletal. A better knowledge about the RGD internalization regulation by the cell density could help the MRI probe development for glioma diagnosis. Properties of alkoxyamine as multimodal agent were evaluated to perform theranostic. The spontaneous alkoxyamine homolysis give a nitroxide radical and a cytotoxic alkylating agent that could induce immune reactivation against the tumor. This nitroxide is an Overhauser enhanced MRI contrast agent. The strong signal enhancement in the nitroxide vicinity gives information in real-time about the release of the alkyl radical. Alkoxyamine adaptation for a conditional homolysis through specific glioma proteolysis activity could induce a localized alkyl therapeutic effect with a real-time monitoring. Physiological barriers limit the drug accumulation in the targeted sites. In this study, the intratracheal instillation of nanoparticles can substitute the intravenous administrationincreasing their intratumoral retention time
Wenk, Christiane. "Chirurgie guidée par fluorescence des fibrosarcome félin et développement et caractérisation d'un vecteur bi-fonctionnel pour le ciblage du cancer." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00843015.
Full textVignaud, Alexandre. "Influence de l'intensité du champ magnétique sur l'imagerie RMN des poumons à l'aide d'hélium-3 hyperpolarisé." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003668.
Full textAtallah, Ihab. "Caractérisation d'un modèle cellulaire et animal orthotopique des cancers des VADS : du ciblage tumoral in vitro ou rôle de l'imagerie de fluorescence in vivo dans l'exérèse tumorale." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENV064.
Full textIntroduction: Targeted therapy of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) requires the development of novel specific vectors that can deliver therapeutic molecules. These vectors could also be coupled to fluorophores to be used in near infrared fluorescence imaging-guided surgery.Objectives: The aim of our work is to test new targeted vectors of HNSCC and to study the role of the near infrared fluorescence imaging-guided surgery in HNSCC resection in a novel orthotopic animal model that we develop.Materials and Methods: The HNSCC cell line CAL33 is characterized in vitro and in vivo. Novel vectors that target one or more receptors of this cell line such as alpha v beta 3 integrin, EGFR and NRP1, are tested in vitro. Meanwhile, an orthotopic animal model of HNSCC is developed by implanting tumor fragments of CAL33 cells, in the oral cavity of nude mice. Surgical resection of orthotopic tumors is guided by the near infrared fluorescence imaging after systemic injection of RAFT-c[RGD]4 peptide coupled with a fluorophore. This peptide targets alpha v beta 3 integrin and is previously tested in vitro.Results: Our preliminary results show that bispecific vectors would present an increased binding to CAL33 cells in vitro. On the other hand, near infrared fluorescence imaging-guided surgery has a positive impact on the recurrence-free survival rate in our orthotopic model, by detecting fluorescent cancer foci that could remain unidentified if resection was performed exclusively under visual guidance. Our results show also that near infrared fluorescence imaging can also help to detect metastatic lymph nodes.Conclusion: Near-infrared fluorescence imaging-guided surgery improves the quality of tumor resection in our optimized orthotopic animal model of HNSCC. This preclinical stage is essential before testing this novel technique in humans
Moreau, Baptiste. "Modélisation statistique de la géométrie 3D de la cage thoracique à partir d'images médicales en vue de personnaliser un modèle numérique de corps humain pour la biomécanique du choc automobile." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS030/document.
Full textRoad safety is a major issue of public health and personal safety. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), nearly 1.2 million people die each year worldwide due to road accidents (2015). According to accident data, 36.7% of serious injuries are caused by thoracic injuries (Page et al., 2012). The aim of biomechanics in passive safety is to improve our understanding of the human body in order to build better tools for assessing the risk of injury.Numerical human body models are used to virtually simulate the conditions of an accident. Today, they are increasingly used by car manufacturers and equipment manufacturers to better understand injury mechanisms. However, they exist only in few sizes and do not take into account the morphological variations observed in the population.3D medical imaging gives access to the geometries of the different anatomical structures that make up the human body. Today, hospitals are full of 3D images covering a very large part of the population in terms of age, body size and sex.The overall objective of this thesis is to statistically model the 3D geometry of the rib cage from medical images in order to personalize a numerical human body model to simulate car crash conditions.The first objective is to develop a segmentation process based on CT-scans in order to obtain geometric data adapted to the construction of a statistical model of shape of the rib cage.The second objective is to build a statistical model of the shape of the rib cage, taking into account its articulated structure.The third objective is to use the statistical model of the rib cage to deform a numerical human body model, in order to study the influence of certain parameters on the risk of injury
Flament, Julien. "Développement de l'imagerie RMN par agents CEST : application à un modèle rongeur de tumeur cérébrale." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00720031.
Full textTwinanda, Andru Putra. "Vision-based approaches for surgical activity recognition using laparoscopic and RBGD videos." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAD005/document.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis is to address the problem of activity recognition in the operating room (OR). Activity recognition is an essential component in the development of context-aware systems, which will allow various applications, such as automated assistance during difficult procedures. Here, we focus on vision-based approaches since cameras are a common source of information to observe the OR without disrupting the surgical workflow. Specifically, we propose to use two complementary video types: laparoscopic and OR-scene RGBD videos. We investigate how state-of-the-art computer vision approaches perform on these videos and propose novel approaches, consisting of deep learning approaches, to carry out the tasks. To evaluate our proposed approaches, we generate large datasets of recordings of real surgeries. The results demonstrate that the proposed approaches outperform the state-of-the-art methods in performing surgical activity recognition on these new datasets
Collignon, Anne-Margaux. "Utilisation de cellules souches pulpaires combinées à une matrice de collagène pour la réparation osseuse cranio-faciale Strategies developed to induce, direct, and potentiate bone healing Accelerated craniofacial bone regeneration through dense collagen gel scaffolds seeded with dental pulp stem cells Mouse Wnt1-CRE-RosaTomato dental pulp stem cells directly contribute to the calvarial bone regeneration process Early angiogenesis detected by PET imaging with 64Cu-NODAGA-RGD is predictive of bone critical defect repair." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB113.
Full textThe craniofacial area is particularly vulnerable to structural loss. Its location and visibility make a loss causes disorders, both physical (food, phonation...) than psychological (integrity of the person...). Current treatments (autografts, allografts or synthetic bone grafts) are particularly invasive and have a high failure rate. All this strongly affects the quality of life of the patient. In addition, the cost of these treatments is significant for the health systems and the patient. Therefore, there is a real need to develop innovative treatments based on biomimetic tissue approaches for bone repair. The purpose of this thesis is to develop a tissue engineering approach for the repair/regeneration of injured cranial-facial bone tissue. It is based on the use of cellularized scaffolds with mesenchymal stem cells derived from the dental pulp: Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs). Many studies have demonstrated the high plasticity of these cells, which initially derive from the neural crest, but also their trophic ability in the repair of damaged tissues by their osteogenic and chondrocyte differentiation capacity. Moreover, these cells have better's pro-angiogenic properties than mesenchymal cells of the bone marrow (MSCs) and access to this reserve is easy since they can be obtained from extracted teeth. In this context, we have used dense collagen scaffolds seeded with DPSCs to regenerate cranial bone tissue on critical defects model. The objective is to induce a very early neo-angiogenesis for improved short-term survival of implanted cells, then stimulate the long-term maintenance of cells in the implanted neo-tissue, finally to cause osteoformation. We were able to study and validate various aspects of this theme: 1- The positive impact of the use of dense collagen scaffold as osteoconductive support, 2- Long-term follow-up of the cells after implantation in vivo (thanks to the use of a cell line constitutively expressing an intracellular fluorescence protein), 3- The positive impact of a pre-treatment with hypoxia on i/ the survival of the cells after implantation in vivo ii/ their contribution to bone regeneration / repair by orienting their differentiation towards an osteoblastic pathway, 4- The significant contribution of imaging techniques for the monitoring of animals (less sacrifice and longitudinal follow-up...) thanks to positron emission tomography (use of specific tracers of the mineralization within the scaffolds and neo-angiogenesis) and X-ray microscanner (kinetic monitoring of the quality and quantity of regenerated bone matrix) 5- Validation and confirmation of all these results by histology. Thus, these different results allowed us to respond to the working hypothesis and optimize some aspects of the cellular component. However, it remains necessary to optimize the biomaterial itself. It is indeed possible to improve the compressed collagen scaffolds that we currently use, for example by incorporating bioactive ceramics such as bioglasses or hydroxyapatite. In recent years, the study of stem cells has progressed from in vitro to in vivo. The in vivo models established to study these cells in the craniofacial area have already provided valuable information and this work is a continuation of these previous studies by seeking to build on better strategies (right characterization, environment oriented...) for the future use of DPSCs for tissue engineering purposes. In view of this work, potentiating the biomaterials of the scaffolds and combining the DPSCs with a support more adapted to their survival and their growth would considerably improve bone healing, as well as bone regeneration / repair
(7870844), Yuhao Chen. "ESTIMATING PLANT PHENOTYPIC TRAITS FROM RGB IMAGERY." Thesis, 2019.
Find full text(9175433), Aishwarya Chandrasekaran. "AUTOMATED HEIGHT MEASUREMENT AND CANOPY DELINEATION OF HARDWOOD PLANTATIONS USING UAS RGB IMAGERY." Thesis, 2020.
Find full textSigdel, Ganesh Prasad. "Informal settlement segmentation using VHR RGB and height information from UAV imagery: a case study of Nepal." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/113715.
Full textInformal settlement in developing countries are complex. They are contextually and radiometrically very similar to formal settlement. Resolution offered by Remote sensing is not sufficient to capture high variations and feature size in informal settlements in these situations. UAV imageries offers solution with higher resolution. Incorporating UAV image and normalized DSM obtained from UAV provides an opportunity of including information on 3D space. This can be a crucial factor for informal settlement extraction in countries like Nepal. While formal and informal settlements have similar texture, they differ significantly in height. In this regard, we propose segmentation of informal settlement of Nepal using UAV and normalized DSM, against traditional approach of orthophoto only or orthophoto and DSM. Absolute height, normalized DSM(nDSM) and vegetation index from visual band added to 8 bit RGB channels are used to locate informal settlements. Segmentation including nDSM resulted in 6 % increment in Intersection over Union for informal settlements. IoU of 85% for informal settlement is obtained using nDSM trained end to end on Resnet18 based Unet. Use of threshold value had same effect as using absolute height, meaning use of threshold does not alter result from using absolute nDSM. Integration of height as additional band showed better performance over model that trained height separately. Interestingly, benefits of vegetation index is limited to settlements with small huts partly covered with vegetation, which has no or negative effect elsewhere.
Lin, Yan-Liang. "Semi-automatic classification of tree species using a combination of RGB drone imagery and mask RCNN: case study of the Highveld region in Eswatini." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/113903.
Full textTree species identification forms an integral part of biodiversity monitoring. Locating at-risk species and predicting their distribution is equally as important as tracing invasive alien plant species distributions. The high prevalence of the latter and their destructive impact on the environment is the focus for this thesis. In areas of the world where technology limitations are restrictive, an approach using low-cost, available RGB drone imagery is proposed to train advanced deep learning models to distinguish individual tree species; three dominant species (Pinus elliotti, Eucalyptus grandis and Syzygium cordatum) providing the bulk of sampling data, of which the first two are highly invasive in the region. This study explored the efficacy of utilizing Mask RCNN, an instance segmentation deep neural network, in identifying multiple classes of trees within the same image. In line with the low-cost approach, Google Colaboratory was utilized which drastically lowers the training time necessary and alleviates the need for high GPU systems. The model was trained on imagery from three study areas which were representative of three distinct landscapes: very dense forest, moderately dense forest with overlapping canopies, and open forest. The results indicate decent performance in open forest landscapes where overlapping tree crowns is infrequent with mean Average Precision of 0.71. On the contrary, in a dense forest landscape with many interlocking tree crowns, a mean Average Precision of 0.43 is highly indicative of the model’s poor performance in such environments. The trained network was also observed to have higher confidence scores of detected objects within the open forest study areas as opposed to dense forest.
Foillard, Stephanie. "Synthèse de nouveaux vecteurs peptidiques pour la thérapie anticancéreuse et l'imagerie tumorale." Phd thesis, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00275297.
Full textAtallah, Ihab Nader Tawfik. "Caractérisation d'un modèle cellulaire et animal orthotopique des cancers des VADS : du ciblage tumoral in vitro ou rôle de l'imagerie de fluorescence in vivo dans l'exérèse tumorale." Thesis, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENV064/document.
Full textIntroduction: Targeted therapy of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) requires the development of novel specific vectors that can deliver therapeutic molecules. These vectors could also be coupled to fluorophores to be used in near infrared fluorescence imaging-guided surgery.Objectives: The aim of our work is to test new targeted vectors of HNSCC and to study the role of the near infrared fluorescence imaging-guided surgery in HNSCC resection in a novel orthotopic animal model that we develop.Materials and Methods: The HNSCC cell line CAL33 is characterized in vitro and in vivo. Novel vectors that target one or more receptors of this cell line such as alpha v beta 3 integrin, EGFR and NRP1, are tested in vitro. Meanwhile, an orthotopic animal model of HNSCC is developed by implanting tumor fragments of CAL33 cells, in the oral cavity of nude mice. Surgical resection of orthotopic tumors is guided by the near infrared fluorescence imaging after systemic injection of RAFT-c[RGD]4 peptide coupled with a fluorophore. This peptide targets alpha v beta 3 integrin and is previously tested in vitro.Results: Our preliminary results show that bispecific vectors would present an increased binding to CAL33 cells in vitro. On the other hand, near infrared fluorescence imaging-guided surgery has a positive impact on the recurrence-free survival rate in our orthotopic model, by detecting fluorescent cancer foci that could remain unidentified if resection was performed exclusively under visual guidance. Our results show also that near infrared fluorescence imaging can also help to detect metastatic lymph nodes.Conclusion: Near-infrared fluorescence imaging-guided surgery improves the quality of tumor resection in our optimized orthotopic animal model of HNSCC. This preclinical stage is essential before testing this novel technique in humans
Ladouceur, Deslauriers Constance. "Identification des pratiques, défis et solutions rencontrés dans l’évaluation de protocoles de recherche en neuroimagerie." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8836.
Full textOver the past years, advances in neuroimaging have allowed for a better understanding of neurologic and psychiatric disorders and yielded insights into behavior, emotion, personality, and cognition as well as allowed for a deeper understanding of neurodegenerative diseases. In light of the uses of these new imaging technologies, several ethical issues have emerged. The perspectives of researchers on current ethics review of neuroimaging protocols and ethical, legal and social issues present in neuroimaging have not been investigated, even though they are key stakeholders. We undertook an empirical study of researcher perspectives regarding the REB review process to examine ethical, legal and social issues associated with the practice of neuroimaging in Canada. We conveyed an online questionnaire survey and conducted semi-structured interviews with neuroimaging researchers and REB chairs. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using the NVivo qualitative analysis software. Our results put into perspective emerging ethical, social and legal issues which are important challenges to address in the field of neuroimaging as well as practical challenges in the REB process. Our data also contain recommendations, coming from the neuroimagers themselves, in order to improve the evaluation process. Finally, our experience conducting this research has allowed us to confirm the challenges and stakeholders faced by neuroimagers.
Penedos, Pedro Pais. "Precision Agriculture Using Unmanned Aerial Systems: Mapping Vigor’s Spatial Variability On Low Density Agricultures Using a Canopy Pixel Classification And Interpolation Model." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/33277.
Full textIt is becoming more present in agriculture’s practices the use of Unmanned Aerial Systems with sensors capable of capturing light, in the visible and in longer wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum once reflected on the field. These sensors have been used to perform Remote Sensing also in other knowledge fields, describing phenomenon without the risk, cost and the time consuming processes associated with in site samples collection and analysis by a technician or satellite imagery acquisition. The Vegetation Indexes developed can explain the vigor of the cultivation and its data collection processes are more cost and time efficient, allowing farmers to monitor plant grow in every critical stage. These Vegetation Indexes started by being calculated from satellite and airborne imagery, one of the main source for crop management tools, however UAS is becoming more present in Precision Agriculture, achieving better spatial and temporal resolution. This gap in spatial resolution when studying low density cultivations like olive groves and vineyards, creates Vegetation Index’s maps polluted with noise caused by the soil and therefore difficult to interpret and analyse. Hence, when the agriculture has spaced and low density vegetation becomes challenging to understand and extract information from these vegetation index’s maps regarding different spatial variability patterns of the tree canopy vigor. In these cases, where vegetation is spaced it is important to filter this noise. A Classification Model was developed with the objective of extracting just the vegetation’s canopy data. The soil was filtered and the canopy data interpolated using spatial analysis tools. The final interpolated maps produced can provide meaningful information regarding the spatial variability and be used to support decision making, identifying critical areas to be intervened and managed, or be used as an input for Variable Rate Technology applications.