Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Imagerie par résonance magnétique – Limites'
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Mattei, Jean-Pierre. "Approches cliniques du métabolisme énergétique musculaire par spectrométrie de résonance magnétique du phosphore-31 : avantages, limites et perspectives." Aix-Marseille 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX20688.
Full textMartin, Jean-Michel. "IRM du sein : valeur et limites des produits du gadolinium : à propos de 170 cas." Montpellier 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON11270.
Full textKurtz, Samuel. "Caractérisation et limitation des biais de mesure de l’élastographie par résonance magnétique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Montpellier (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UMONS023.
Full textMagnetic Resonance Elastography (MRE) is an adapted technique of MRI for non-invasive and in vivo characterization of mechanical properties of living tissues. MRE typically involves identifying properties associated with a displacement field induced by the propagation of shear waves in the tissue medium. The fundamental interest of MRE relies in the strong contrast of the mechanical properties of soft tissues, which are relevant biomarkers for the detection and staging of pathological processes. Since its introduction in the late 1990s, MRE has established itself as a versatile medical imaging modality providing quantitative maps of the soft tissues viscoelasticity. The field of applications of MRE is vast, and the gradual growth of this technique in a clinical setting testifies to its significant interest.However, the high degree of interdisciplinarity of MRE, and the resulting interactions between actors from different communities, represent a barrier to its development. The absence of rigorous methods for integrating measurement biases is an illustrative example of this problem. This thesis work is built around addressing this bias problem.The first axis is motivated by the need to characterize biases related to MRI measurements. To do this, an optical slicing tomography device and a digital volume correlation procedure are adapted to provide three-dimensional harmonic kinematic field measurements. The validation of the device is tested by analyzing the fields obtained on different phantom materials. The consideration of different sources of measurement errors and the diversity of measurable fields make this device a metrological tool for measuring such kinematic fields in an MRI environment.The second axis focuses on limiting the impact of measurement errors in the identification model. To achieve this, a coupled formulation of the direct adjoint problem that underlies MRE is implemented in a subzone decomposition-based identification algorithm for a nearly-incompressible, isotropic, viscoelastic model. This specific formulation relies on the presence of a complementary field to avoid the indirect influence of measurement errors through their application as Dirichlet-type boundary conditions which are particularly abundant considering the subzone decomposition of the problem. It is thus demonstrated that the non-consideration of the boundary conditions contributes significantly to the quality of identifications.The developments presented in this work are compared to several studies on reconstructions of mechanical properties of in silico data, phantoms, and in vivo human brain. These applications provide a detailed evaluation of the stability gains of the algorithm and establish new standards for driving the spatial resolution of identifications in MRE. These developments are particularly useful for validating preclinical MRE studies
Le, Guen Virginie. "Lésions bénignes du sein et IRM : valeurs et limites en pratique médicale courante : à propos de 240 cas." Montpellier 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON11046.
Full textLamrous, Omar. "Contribution à l'étude des matériaux par spectro-imagerie RMN : limites et influence des gradients de champ." Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU30226.
Full textMazoyer, Patrick. "La spécialisation fonctionnelle dans le cerveau humain : ses limites : exemples de la perception du mouvement et des visages en imagerie fonctionnelle." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO1T288.
Full textGarnero, Line. "Reconstruction d'images tomographiques à partir d'un ensemble limite de projections." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112012.
Full textMuret, Dolly-Anne. "On the limits of cortical somatosensory plasticity and their functional consequences : a novel form of cross-border plasticity." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10063/document.
Full textTouch plays a critical role in our daily life to grasp and manipulate objects, or simply walk. The primary somatosensory areas exhibit the striking feature of being somatotopically organized, giving rise to the so-called Homunculus. While most of our body surface is represented following an order similar to its physical continuity, the Homunculus displays a major discontinuity, the hand and the face being represented next to each other. The hand-face border has been widely used as a somatotopic hallmark to study one of the most fascinating features of our brain, its capacity for reorganization. Particularly, somatosensory plasticity was found to cross the hand-face border following deprivation of inputs. While it has long been known that increasing inputs also leads to cortical changes typically associated with perceptual benefits, whether such plasticity can cross the hand-face border remains unknown. My thesis work aimed to investigate this question. A first behavioural study revealed that increasing inputs to a finger improves not only the tactile acuity at this finger, but also at the face, suggesting a transfer of plastic changes across the hand-face border. To investigate this, two additional studies were performed using two complementary brain imaging techniques, namely high-field fMRI and MEG. In agreement with our hypotheses a reorganization of both hand and face representations was found. Altogether, this work reveals that adaptive plasticity leading to perceptual benefits can spread over large cortical distances, in particular across the hand-face border, and thus opens up a new window of investigation that may have a real impact in promoting rehabilitation
Maffei, Pablo Fabian. "Développements en microscopie RMN par gradients de champ radiofréquence." Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN10017.
Full textCoudert, Thomas. "IRM «fingerprint» et Intelligence Artificielle pour la prise en charge des patients victimes d'un AVC." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALY044.
Full textStroke, a major cause of mortality and long-term disability worldwide, necessitates rapid and accurate diagnosis to optimize treatment outcomes. Current imaging techniques, particularly MRI, are critical for assessing the extent of brain injury and guiding therapeutic interventions. However, traditional MRI protocols are often time-consuming and may lack the precision required for detailed analysis of ischemic brain tissue, limiting their utility in acute stroke settings where time is of the essence.Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting (MRF) is a relatively new solution to simultaneously map several brain quantitative parameters from fast, high-resolution acquisitions using a dictionary search approach. However, its extension for microvascular (e.g. cerebral blood volume (CBV) or blood vessel diameter (R)) and brain oxygenation estimates currently relies on the injection of exogenous contrast agents (CA) that limit the clinical application and acquisition speed. In this thesis, we aimed to address these limitations by developing a novel and integrated, artificial intelligence (AI) augmented contrast-free MRF technique tailored for stroke emergencies.First, we developed and adapted standard multiparametric MRF techniques based on spoiled gradient echo MRI sequences. Using scanner artifacts corrections, dictionary compression, and subspace reconstruction, we were able to generate fast relaxometry (T1,T2) maps and standard MRI contrasts from a single MRF sequence. However, the microvascular information provided by our new multi-compartment MRF model in human volunteers suffered from a low signal-to-noise ratio.We thus focused on a new MRF sequence design based on balanced GRE sequences and their remarkable sensitivity to magnetic field inhomogeneities. After a theoretical and textit{in-silico} study on general sequences sensitivities to the Blood Oxygen Level Dependent (BOLD) effect and the impact of MRF acquisition parameters, we designed a new MRF-bSSFP sequence that simultaneously estimate relaxometry (T1,T2,T2*,M0), magnetic fields (B1,B0), and microvascular properties (CBV,R) without the need for CA injection. Using a new pipeline for MRF simulations, the proposed method was tested in a cohort of human volunteers.Our method was further refined by developing advanced reconstruction methods for high dimensional MRF acquisitions relying on low-rank models and deep neural networks. We finally used our simulation framework combined with Recurrent Neural Networks to fasten our computation times by a factor of 800 and allow the inclusion of water-diffusion effects. This approach was tested in retrospective preclinical data including healthy and stroke animals and the results suggested that additional estimates of ADC or blood oxygenation could be measured with our new bSSFP MRF sequence.After careful validation and optimization, this methodological work could provide an efficient imaging solution that aligns with the critical time constraints of acute stroke care. Our general framework for high dimensional MRF acquisitions that include microstructure effects could also be used in various other pathologies
Trillaud, Hervé. "Imagerie fonctionnelle du rein par résonance magnétique." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR28439.
Full textVignaux, Olivier. "Imagerie tissulaire myocardique par résonance magnétique nucléaire." Paris 5, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA05CD05.
Full textMagnetic Resonance Imaging of myocardical tissue. In patients with known or suspected cardiac desease, an "all-in-one" cardiac imaging modality should theoretically include morphological and functional analysis of the heart, but also information on myocardical tissue in order to detect its infiltration by abnormal tissues or substances and to study its perfusion and viability in ischemic disease. The specific magnetic properties with changes of relaxations times (and thereby increased or decreased signal intensities) induced by some tissues such as fatty infiltration, fibrosis, edema or inflammation allow a characterization of the myocardical tissue. Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging also offers the potential for a complete functional study of the myocardium including contractility as well as perfusion and viability using cotrasts agents (Gadolinium-DTPA). The aim of this work was to demonstrate the ability of MR imaging to non-invasively characterize myocardical tissue and to assess its function. MR capacities of imaging the myocardical tissue have been applied to myocardical ischemia and to some specific cardiomyopathies
Kuhne, Francois. "Tumeurs choroïdiennes et imagerie par résonance magnétique." Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR25277.
Full textSerres-Cousiné, Olivier. "Imagerie par résonance magnétique de l'endométriose pelvienne." Montpellier 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON11003.
Full textBlondiaux, Eléonore. "Détection cellulaire en imagerie cardiaque par résonance magnétique." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112054.
Full textObjectives: Cardiac regenerative therapies have grown considerably over the past 10 years. Despite positive effects demonstrated in animals, the clinical benefits obtained in humans are still relatively modest. The objective of this work was to better understand the factors associated with implantation of stem cells through the cell detection techniques in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to improve cardiac stem cell therapy in a murine model of myocardial infarction.Materials and methods: A protocol for cell detection with gradient echo T2* sequences in cardiac MRI in vivo and a method for detection of microvessels in cardiac MRI ex vivo with high resolution Susceptibility Weighted Imaging sequences (SWI) were developed and implemented for the study of vectorization of intravenously injected endothelial progenitors cells (EPC) and the integration and evaluation of the impact of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) administered via cellularized fibrin patches. A permanent ligation of the left anterior coronary artery was performed in adult rats. The stem cells were magnetically labeled with iron oxide nanoparticles by endocytosis.Results: Cell detection imaging showed no cell implantation in the myocardium and no improvement in cardiac functional parameters after intravenous injection of EPC, despite the aid of magnetic vectorization (n = 16 rats). With a local administration of MSC via cardiac patches (n = 37 rats), the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was improved in cellularized patches groups compared to controls. Microvascular density was increased in the infarcted and peri – infarcted areas in cellularized patches groups compared to controls in immunohistochemistry and in MRI on SWI sequences. The MRI showed no migration of cells into the myocardium from the patch, as confirmed by immunohistochemistry and Perls staining. The persistence of MSCs on the epicardial surface at D21 after implantation and flow cytometry profiling of cytokines and growth factors produced by MSC argue for cell therapy effectiveness related to the secretion of paracrine factors by stem cells.Conclusion: Susceptibility imaging allows: (1) to study myocardial vessels on SWI sequences ex vivo and (2) to assess the implementation of stem cells on gradient echo sequences T2 * in vivo. These techniques have shown that cardiac patches act as a reservoir of soluble mediators which paracrinally target the angiogenesis in the treatment of heart failure in a murine model. This is in favor of a move towards “cell free” biomaterials containing only molecules of interest such as cytokines or growth factors to circumvent immunogenic and teratogenic constraints related to the use of stem cells
Wagner, Mathilde. "Carcinome hépatocellulaire : diagnostic et caractérisation par imagerie par résonance magnétique." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC101.
Full textImaging allows HCC diagnosis without histological examination in case of typical imaging appearance (association of hypervascularization and washout). However this appearance is not sensitive for the diagnosis of early HCC. We showed the potential of functional imaging for characterization of nodules in the cirrhotic liver. In a rat model of multinodular cirrhosis, the diffusion MRI technique with oscillating gradients (OGSE), performed ex vivo, showed potential for identification of high grade dysplastic nodules and well differentiated HCC. The classic diffusion technique with pulsed gradients (PGSE) was able to separate HCC according to histological grade. The viscoelastic properties of HCC, evaluated by magnetic resonance elastrography in the same rat model and in patients, are different from those of the cirrhotic liver. The increase of loss modulus in HCC only in vivo suggests the importance of perfusion in determining mecanical properties. We have also shown that the delayed venous phase allowed superior washout detection compared to the portal venous phase in HCC explored by MRI. The inter-observer agreement was moderate. Finally, we have shown that viable tumor regions within liver tumors could be differentiated from fibrotic and necrotic regions by measuring the pure diffusion coefficient D, but not the apparent diffusion coefficient ADC, suggesting the applicability of D in tumor characterization and monitoring after treatment
Grellier, Brigitte. "Les risques potentiels de la résonance magnétique; conséquences sur l'aptitude du personnel des centres de résonance magnétique." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR2M166.
Full textRadecki, Guillaume. "Imagerie cellulaire par résonance magnétique rehaussée au manganèse (CelMEMRI)." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112212/document.
Full textScience has evolved since the 19th century. New tools have appeared such as optical microscopy which gives us the vision of cells and electronic microscopy which leads us into their hearts. The magnetic resonance imaging appeared in the seventies. Evolving over time, the MRI has taken us farther and farther into the secret depths of our brains. The possibility of observing the neuronal activity thanks to the functional imaging is a major evolution. This thesis will show the possibility we have to observe the activity of a single neuron without modification of its network thanks to the manganese enhanced magnetic resonance imaging technique. The study was done on the Aplysia at very high field magnet (17T). These animals are marine gastropod mollusks with a peculiarity: their neurons are of important size and can reach 1 mm in diameter. Their neurons are grouped into several ganglia. My study concerns the buccal ganglion which is the most studied ganglia in the research in electrophysiology. Before making any acquisitions, I had to conceive several microscopic coils adapted to the size of the ganglions. By reducing the size of the coils, the signal of the noise ratio increases. Then, a double coil allowing the simultaneous acquisition of two samples was built. This antenna required the construction of pre-amplifiers operating at 730 MHz. The first series of experiments helped observe the evolution of the neuronal activity according to different stimuli linked to the eating habits of the Aplysia in vivo. Thanks to the technique implemented, I shall show that, using MRI, it is possible to distinguish the activity of each neuron with respect to a stimulus. Afterwards, to continue this work, a second series of experiments was made in vitro. I studied the behavior of neurons when perfused with neural stimulators: dopamine and serotonin, both naturally present in the Aplysia. Generally, all neurons were activated but when observing them individually, I noticed some differences. Studies in electrophysiology will allow us to get a better understanding and a confirmation of the results of this study. The MEMRI technique can be used in the future to study various disorders such as compulsive behaviors, which are present in the Aplysia, and probably have the same origins as in humans, given that many fundamental processes (such as memory studied by Eric Kandel who he demonstrated that human and Aplysia memories works with the same mechanism) are similar between the two species
Méthot, Vincent. "Imagerie par résonance magnétique fonctionnelle du rat à 7T." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8854.
Full textSilencieux, Fanny. "Hydrogels paramagnétiques pour applications en imagerie par résonance magnétique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27617.
Full textHydrogels are polymers increasingly used in the field of biomaterials. Due to their low density difference with the surrounding middle, they are very difficult to visualize with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Contrasts agents are widely used in MRI to differentiate the different biological tissues during the imaging. The main objective of this project was the development of a paramagnetic contrast agent trapped in biocompatible hydrogels enabling their visualization in MRI. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) were synthesized and functionalized with a clinically approved contrast agent, DTPA-Gd (gadolinium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid). The nanoparticles were characterized and their relaxometric properties were evaluated. The r2/r1 relaxometric ratio of 1.46 revealed an efficient “positive” MRI contrast agent. Then, different entrapment strategies were performed in biocompatible polymers forming hydrogels: in a poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogel (by stirring) or in an alginate hydrogel (by emulsion). These products were designed for applications in interventional surgery for biopsy needles and in microemulsion for type 1 diabetes treatment, respectively. The relaxometric performances of the PEG hydrogel were assessed by NMRD (Nuclear Magnetic Relaxation Dispersion) at different magnetic field strengths. Then, the paramagnetic hydrogel was coated on titanium substrates as substitute of biopsy needles. The substrates were cleaned and functionalized with phosphate acrylate prior to dip-coating. With a thickening agent in the suspension, PEG hydrogels of 40 to 70 µm were deposited on titanium tubes. These samples showed bright outline in MRI. A signal enhancement of 178 %, in regard with water, was obtained with gradient echo sequences shorter than 3 min. For the alginate hydrogels, beads with contrast agent showed a contrast 113 % enhanced, compared to beads without contrast agents, with a spin echo sequence of 4 min. MRI monitoring over months was done to confirm the persistence of the nanoparticles entrapment in both the PEG and alginate hydrogels. These results settled the possibility to use these hydrogels in the long term with no signal decrease, which is essential for in vivo processes. This work introduced paramagnetic hydrogels with a high contrast enhancement in MRI due to the entrapment of mesoporous silica nanoparticles functionalized with a contrast agent. Results confirmed the efficiency of the MSN-DTPA-Gd trapped in the hydrogels to visualize them in MRI. This work could lead to a long term visualization of hydrogels after implantation in the body.
Chanet, Nicolas. "Imagerie par résonance magnétique à champ cyclé in vivo." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS574/document.
Full textFast Field Cycling Magnetic Resonance Imaging (FFC-MRI) has the ability to separate two key processes that both depends on the main field intensity B0. On one hand, signal acquisition and localization and on the other hand NMR relaxation, basis of MRI contrast. The equipment thus combines a standard MR scanner with a secondary system to rapidly switch the magnetic field B0 as compared to relaxation times. FFC enables to measure the evolution of NMR relaxation as a function of magnetic field B0, namely the NMR dispersion (NMRD) profile. Combining it with MRI the NMRD profile can be localized in vivo, together with the usual characterization at fixed B0. The NMRD profile of water carries information on molecular mobility in the surrounding biological tissues, and is thus another source of contrast. The objective of this PhD project was to further develop and evaluate the potential of FFC-MRI between 1 T and 2 T in a cancer model. This work required original instrumental and methodological developments to integrate FFC in MRI. First a precise measurement of magnetic field time profile was developed, as well as the compensation of eddy currents and of irreproducible transients in the secondary system. Moreover acquisition sequences with better signal to noise efficiency and applicable for longitudinal as well as transverse relaxation were implemented. Finally a kidney tumor mouse model was explored with FFC MRI
Kober, Frank. "L'imagerie des gaz rares par résonance magnétique nucléaire." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE19007.
Full textFortin, Alexandre. "Simulation d'expériences d'angiographie cérébrale par résonance magnétique." Thesis, Reims, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REIMS038/document.
Full textDuring the last decades, magnetic resonance angiography has been used as a clinical routine for precise and non-invasive exploration of vessels, as well as for diagnosis of the most common neurovascular diseases. Several dedicated methods were developed to simulate specifically the process of angiographic acquisitions. Though, currently, most of advanced MRI simulators are exclusively specialized in static tissues imaging. This work was carried out to expand the possibilities of one of those simulators in order to propose a complete tool for MRI simulation of flow motion.The efficiency of this approach is proven by replicating the main angiographic pulse sequences and the most common flow artifacts. Finally, applications are provided on simulations of blood flow in realistic vessels geometries
Anne, Bertrand. "L'imagerie par résonance magnétique : les bases physiques, les qualités de l'image." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P037.
Full textBittoun, Jacques. "Un simulateur numérique d'imagerie par résonance magnétique nucléaire : conception et applications." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112287.
Full textLeprince, Yann. "Imagerie des couches corticales par résonance magnétique à 7 teslas." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112022/document.
Full textThis thesis presents the development of a methodology for the analysis of the layered structure of the cerebral cortex, using high-field magnetic resonance imaging (7-tesla MRI). While cortical layers are traditionally studied using microscopic imaging of post-mortem tissue slices, the use a non-invasive technique such as MRI will enable in vivo studies, and thus allow new approaches beyond the use of classical architectural atlases such as Brodmann's.Two imaging methodologies have been used to acquire high-resolution images. First, a method based on super-resolution reconstruction from thick slices acquired in different geometries was developed for in vivo imaging. Second, a three-dimensional imaging sequence optimized for post-mortem tissue allowed imaging excised brain specimen.The main contribution of this thesis consists of a pair of methods that perform an automatic extraction of cortical profiles, which characterize the laminar architecture at any cortical location. In order to allow robust extraction of these profiles, an original model of the influence of cortical curvature was developed and implemented.These methods were tested and validated on multiple brain specimen. This work allows envisaging an automatic microarchitectural characterization of cortical areas, and even architectural parcellation, using high-field MRI
Didon, Jean-Philippe. "Recalage d'images cérébrales en IRM : application à la pathologie tumorale et vasculaire." Compiègne, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996COMPD867.
Full textMaubon, Antoine. "Imagerie en résonance magnétique nucléaire de l'épaule dégénérative." Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON11216.
Full textBourgeois, Dominique. "Méthodologie en imagerie RMN : imagerie haute résolution, imagerie spectroscopique, imagerie de débits." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990GRE19005.
Full textMaurer, Pierre. "Apports de l'imagerie par résonance magnétique du médiastin." Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON11168.
Full textMantilla, Jauregui Juan José. "Caractérisation de pathologies cardiaques en Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique par approches parcimonieuses." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S073/document.
Full textThis work concerns the use of sparse representation and Dictionary Learning (DL) in order to get insights about the diseased heart in the context of Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs). Specifically, this work focuses on 1) assessment of Left Ventricle (LV) wall motion in patients with heart failure and 2) fibrosis detection in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). In the context of heart failure (HF) patients, the work focuses on LV wall motion analysis in cardiac cine-MRI. The first contribution in this topic is a feature extraction method that exploits the partial information obtained from all temporal cardiac phases and anatomical segments in a spatio-temporal representation from sequences cine-MRI in short-axis view. These features correspond to spatio-temporal profiles in different anatomical segments of the LV. The proposed representations exploit information of the LV wall motion without segmentation needs. Three representations are proposed : 1) diametrical spatio-temporal profiles where radial motions of LV’s walls are observed at the same time in opposite anatomical segments 2) radial spatiotemporal profiles where motion of LV’s walls is observed for each segment of the LV cavity and 3) quantitative parameters extracted from the radial spatio-temporal profiles. A second contribution involves the use of these features as input atoms in the training of discriminative dictionaries to classify normal or abnormal regional LV motion. We propose two levels of evaluation, a first one where the global status of the subject (normal/pathologic) is used as ground truth to label the proposed spatio-temporal representations, and a second one where local strain information obtained from 2D Speckle Tracking Echocardiography (STE), is taken as ground truth to label the proposed features, where a profile is classified as normal or abnormal (akinetic or hypokinetic cases). In the context of Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), we address the problem of fibrosis detection in Late Gadolinium Enhanced LGE-Short axis (SAX) images by using a sparse-based clustering approach and DL. In this framework, random image patches are taken as input atoms in order to train a classifier based on the sparse coefficients obtained with a DL approach based on kernels. For a new test LG-SAX image, the label of each pixel is predicted by using the trained classifier allowing the detection of fibrosis. A subsequent postprocessing step allows the spatial localization of fibrosis that is represented according to the American Heart Association (AHA) 17-segment model and a quantification of fibrosis in the LV myocardium
Elbes, Delphine. "Thermothérapies par ultrasons focalisés et radiofréquences guidées par imagerie de résonance magnétique." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14683/document.
Full textMy manuscript studies the development of mini and non invasive thermotherapies guided by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the treatment of hepatic and cardiac diseases. The first part was the development of a method to increase the lesion size, induced by HIFU, and based on bubble enhanced heating (BEH). The acoustic power threshold of the BEH was determined by MR acoustic radiation force imaging (MR-ARFI) and the thermal effect was characterized by MR thermometry on ex vivo and in vivo in pig livers. The second part developed a strategy to perform HIFU through the rib cage using beam steering to track the respiratory movement or to performed multipoint ablation while avoiding heating of ribs. Transducer elements localized in the geometric projection of the shadow of ribs, relatively to the targeted focal point, were switched off.The third part was the development of the MR thermometry on the heart for the monitoring of radiofrequency ablation (RFA). Several aspects were investigated, in particular the thermometry precision, the feasibility to perform catheter radiofrequency ablation under MR thermometry in vivo in a sheep heart, the possibility to use the catheter as an MR antenna to increase spatial resolution of MR thermometry images
Dinet, Bernard. "Anesthésie de l'enfant par Methohexital pour l'examen IRM : [Imagerie par résonance magnétique]." Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR25253.
Full textMao, Lili. "Techniques rapides de l'imagerie par résonance magnétique en régime d'équilibre dynamique." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112180.
Full textBeaumont, Stéphane. "Les artéfacts de champ magnétique en imagerie par résonance magnétique nucléaire (I. R. M. )." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30016.
Full textHeritier, Bernard. "Contrôle en temps réel d'un imageur par résonance magnétique." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112327.
Full textGrenier, Denis. "Micro-imagerie RMN de milieux quasi-solides : exemple d'application à l'imagerie ostéoarticulaire." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10004.
Full textDeloison, Benjamin. "Imagerie fonctionnelle placentaire par résonance magnétique : étude de la perfusion placentaire." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112256.
Full textPlacental insufficiency is a serious medical condition with a diagnosis made usually too late to prevent introduction of effective therapies. The aim of this thesis is to develop, in pregnant rats and translate to humans, functional MRI (fMRI) tools allowing quantification of placental perfusion in clinical practice.Materials and Methods: Three studies using fMRI are part of this thesis. The first two were performed on a murine model. A dynamic sequence with injection of a contrast agent (DCE) has been developed with an iron oxide particle (SPIO) in a surgical model of chronic placental hypoperfusion with placental perfusion measurement (f) in ml / min / 100 ml and placental fractionnal volume (Vb) in %. Another technique of fMRI was developed with Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL) to estimate placental perfusion in ml / min / 100g without injection of contrast media.The latest study was a translational research. It consisted in the development of a dynamic sequence with injection of gadolinium chelate, in order to obtain perfusion (f) in ml / min / 100 ml and placental fractionnal volume (Vb) in %. We also studied maternal and fetal pharmacokinetics of gadolinium chelate.Results: In animals with SPIO DCE, our study allowed us to show that it is possible to use the T1 effect of SPIO to characterize the placental microcirculation by f = 159.4 ml / min / 100ml (+ / - 54.6) and Vb = 39.2% (11.9 +/-) for 31 « normal » placentas. In case of IUGR, f decreases significantly for the 23 examined placentas (f = 108.1 ml / min / 100ml +/- 41, p = 0.004), whereas the volume fraction placenta is not modified (Vb = 42 +/- 16.7 8 %, p = 0.24). ASL has allowed us to estimate placental perfusion for 47 placentas under physiological conditions, with an estimated perfusion of 146.8 ml / min / 100 g (70.1 +/-).In humans, 14 placentas were studied with an estimated perfusion of 183 ml / min / 100ml (+/- 144) and we also identified two types of placental kinetic enhancement (early and intense and later and less intense). Pharmacokinetics have allowed us to study quantitatively the transfer of gadolinium chelate in the fetus. This transfer is low compared to the initial concentration of Dotarem® : fetal blood concentration is 18.1x10-6%, concentration in amniotic fluid is 242.8 x10-6 % and 0.3% of the Dotarem® initial dose is present in the placenta approximately 70 hours after injection.Conclusion: This study illustrates the variety of functional MRI techniques available for placental study. Placental perfusion can be quantified by DCE with an iron oxide particle (SPIO) or without injection of contrast in ASL, in a rat model. The study of placental perfusion in humans is also possible in DCE with gadolinium chelates
Yassine, Mohamad Mouhib. "Imagerie de la peau par résonance magnétique nucléaire à 0,1 Tesla." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112362.
Full textYankam, Njiwa Josiane Adrienne. "Reconstruction d'images de résonance magnétique à partir de l'espace k partiel." Lyon, INSA, 2007. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2007ISAL0055/these.pdf.
Full textWith the aim of avoiding the bad influence which the movement could have on the quality of the images, short acquisition time is mandatory in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Especially for sick patients who have problems holding their breath during examination, it becomes consequently imperative to collect necessary information as faster as possible in certain studies, such as those carried out in cardiac imaging. Partial k-space acquisition is a common way used to shorten the data acquisition time in MRI applications. For the sake of short acquisition time and/or increased spatial resolution of the reconstructed images, several methods have already been proposed, which partially acquired the k-space data. These methods use a priori information to recover the missing data. This manuscript presents three MRI reconstruction methods using partial k-space data. The first proposed method is dedicated to the reconstruction of static objects or organs, while the two others are devoted to the reconstruction of dynamic organs (application to cardiac imaging). These three methods are based on the use, in the reconstruction algorithm, of the analytic image concept, combined in the case of the static images with the exploitation of the redundancies in the k-space data, and with the use of the temporal redundancies associated to the data substitution, for the moving organs. These methods were evaluated, within the framework of static images reconstruction, by experiments on simulated images to which were added a slowly varying phase term to destroy the Hermitian symmetry, and also on physical phantoms and true human brain images. The two other methods were evaluated by experiments on true human cardiac sequences. The proposed reconstruction schema allows achieving a reduction of the acquisition time by a factor of 2, for the static images reconstruction. With regard to the dynamic images, a reduction of the acquisition time by a factor of 4 was carried out, while maintaining a good reconstruction quality, as well on visual meaning as quantitative meaning (good signal to noise ratio, low error values)
Tizón-Marcos, Helena. "Trabeculated myocardium in healthy adults : a first step in understanding the diagnosis of non-compaction cardiomyopathy by magnetic resonance." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23705.
Full textNon-compaction cardiomyopathy (NCC) is a rare entity that is currently diagnosed for the most part by echocardiography in cases of an increased layer of trabeculated myocardium. Recently, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) became the gold standard imaging technique in the study of cardiac function and morphology due to its high spatial and temporal resolution. However, diagnostic NCC criteria developped for echocardiography have been directly applied to MRI in the abscence of a standard definition of trabeculated myocardium. This direct application of echocardiography criteria to MRI may have led to an increased incidence of new NCC cases. The aim of this present work is to clarify clinical practice by determining normality by MRI in terms of presence and distribution of trabeculated myocardium in healthy adults and determine if any association exist between the presence and extension of trabeculated myocardium and cardiac function.
Ries, Mario. "Diffusion MRI of human spine and kidney : Technological aspects and interpretation." Bordeaux 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR12360.
Full textStortz, Yvon. "Synthèse et développement d'agents de contraste bioactifs pour la visualisation in vivo de l'expression de gènes par Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique." Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENSL0381.
Full textBadr, Sammy. "Quantification in vivo de l’adiposité médullaire chez l’Homme par imagerie par résonance magnétique." Thesis, Lille, 2019. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/EDBSL/2019/2019LILUS058.pdf.
Full textBone marrow adiposity (BMA) is an underestimated tissue playing a key role in bonehomeostasis. To date, only magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is able to exploreadequately and non-invasively this tissue in vivo. This work aims to clarify the mainbiases to take into account, to illustrate the value of BMA quantification to understandpathophysiological mechanisms, and finally, to promote its use for clinical purposes.The first axis of this work relies on a review of two fundamental methods to exploreBMA : proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and chemical shift encoding-basedwater-fat imaging. The use of these techniques is constrained by the differential magneticproperties of water and lipids, as well as the multiple interfaces between trabeculaeand bone marrow, fostering local magnetic inhomogeneities and reducingthe accuracy of BMA quantification. Clarifications on the major technical biases toconsider have been incorporated in a white paper written in collaboration with theMethodology Workgroup of the International Bone Marrow Adiposity Society.The second part of this work was based on the exploration of a paradoxical disease,anorexia nervosa, which affects multiple fat compartments. As a matter of fact, thedrastic depletion of peripheral adipose tissues contrasts with BMA expansion in anorexicpatients. Through a case-control study, the spectral characteristics of BMAat the hip of underweight (body mass index < 17.5 kg/m2) and weight-recoveredanorexic women have been compared to healthy volunteers. While no difference inthe spectral BMA profile was observed between anorexic patients, bone marrow fatfraction was significantly higher and the apparent lipid unsaturation levels lower inpatients compared to controls. Persistence of an abnormal BMA may take part in theincreased fracture risk in anorexic patients, even after weight recovery. This work hasbeen accepted for publication.Finally, although spectroscopic methods are the gold-standard for BMA quantification,its promotion in routine requires a simplification of its exploration. Chemicalshift encoding-based water-fat imaging appears to be a pertinent alternative approach.To illustrate its use for clinical purposes, a new case-control study, performed on postmenopausalwomen, has been initiated. Comparisons of BMA characteristics betweenwomen with a recent osteoporotic fracture and age-matched controls would providenew diagnostic elements for the evaluation of the fracture risk in postmenopausalosteoporosis. This is an on-going project, with preliminary results.The 3 axes of this research project highlight the clinical potential of BMA quantification.In the future, a multifactorial evaluation of bone, integrating data from themineral and organic compartments, would promote accurate expertise of bone healthand a better estimate of the fracture risk, especially in women with anorexia nervosaor postmenopausal osteoporosis
Hernandez-Hoyos, Marcela. "Segmentation anisotrope 3D pour la quantification en imagerie vasculaire par résonance magnétique." Lyon, INSA, 2002. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2002ISAL0039/these.pdf.
Full textThe purpose of this work is the segmentation of three-dimensional vascular images obtained by magnetic resonance. Clinical application in view is the quantification of arterial stenoses. We propose a method for vessel segmentation, divided into two stpes: vessel axis extraction and detection of vessel contours in the planes locally perpendicular to the axis. Our main contribution is automatic vessel centerline extraction method based on extensible-skeleton model whose growth is driven by multi-scale analysis of the inertia tensor. This analysis provides information about the orientation, diameter and local shape of the vessel in each point of its axis. The vessel is roughly reconstructed using a binary volume composed by a union of spheroids centered on the axis, oriented according to the vessel local orientation and adapted to the vessel local size. Based on the same theoretical principles, we propose a method for semi-automatic detection of arterial bifurcations. Recursive processing of bifurcations aims at extraction of the entire vascular tree. Calculation of stenosis parameters is based on the extraction of planar contours. To this purpose, we implemented two algorithms. The first one is based on iso-contours extraction using an adaptive local threshold. The second one uses a normalized-length active contour model. These algorithms have been implemented in user-friendly software called MARACAS (Magnetic Resonance Angiography Computer Assisted Analysis) that underwent a clinic pre-validation on images of 6 vascular phantoms and clinical data of 27 patients
Lepetit-Coiffé, Matthieu. "La thérapie mini invasive par hyperthermie locale guidée par imagerie par résonance nucléaire : développement pour le chauffage par radiofréquence." Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13332.
Full textCallot, Virginie. "Encapsulation et vectorisation de l'hélium3 hyperpolarisé : application à l'IRM de la perfusion tissulaire." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10187.
Full textKlein, Olivier. "Microscopie à résonance magnétique detectée mécaniquement." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006836.
Full textLoeuille, Damien. "Micro-imagerie RMN du cartilage." Nancy 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NAN11307.
Full textWatrin-Pinzano, Astrid. "Influence des composés matriciels sur le signal IRM du cartilage." Nancy 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NAN11318.
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