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Academic literature on the topic 'Imagerie par micro-ondes'
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Journal articles on the topic "Imagerie par micro-ondes"
-BOLOMEY, Jean-Charles. "Métrologie et contrôle non-destructif de produits en défilement par imagerie micro-ondes." Revue de l'Electricité et de l'Electronique -, no. 06 (1996): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3845/ree.1996.073.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Imagerie par micro-ondes"
Heleine, Jérémy. "Identification de paramètres électromagnétiques par imagerie micro-ondes." Thesis, Amiens, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AMIE0013.
Full textIn this thesis, we study, from a theoretical and numerical point of view, the microwave imaging. Mathematically, it is about solving an inverse problem: reconstruct the dielectric coefficients (permittivity and conductivity) inside a material or tissue from boundary measurements of the electric field. This problem is modeled by time-harmonic Maxwell's equations for the electric field for which we prove the existence and uniqueness of a solution in the case of mix boundary conditions. We are particularly interested in the reconstruction of perturbations in the refractive index of the medium. The index of the healthy medium is assumed to be known and, with the help of boundary measurements on the studied object, we define the perturbed field and try to find the perturbations. In order to understand their influence on the electric field, we lead a sensitivity analysis of Maxwell's equations. The numerical study of this sensitivity analysis led to results used to develop a reconstruction algorithm of the perturbations supports. We then study the Cauchy problem, to solve a uniqueness result with partial data. We are also interested in the numerical resolution of this problem to answer the question of the boundary data completion: from partial measurements, we deduce the total data. The inverse problem is finally studied as the minimization of a functional to reconstruct the amplitude of the searched inhomogeneities
Laloy-Borgna, Gabrielle. "Micro-élastographie : caractérisation mécanique de la cellule par ondes élastiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LYO10058.
Full textDyanmic elastography is an imaging method to measure the elasticity of biological tissues in a non-invasive and quantitative way. Recently, the transposition of the technique to a small scale has been called dynamic micro-elastography and has allowed the first measurements of cellular elasticity by shear waves using an optical microscope. This thesis aims to undetstand the limits of this technique and to develop new micro-elastography methods, to test new wave sources but also potential applications of the technique. In a first step, the dispersion of shear waves was studied on gelatin phantoms. Two distinct regimes of guided elastic waves and shear waves were identified. The high-frequency limit of wave propagation was also explored, establishing the existence of a cutoff frequency which explains the absence of ultrasonic shear imaging. The same approach was then applied to visco-elastic fluids, revealing two cutoff frequencies and revisiting previous studies on rheology and wave propagation in this type of medium. Then, the initial objective being to carry out micro-elastography on single cells and the experiments previously carried out with micro-pipettes presenting certain defects, an original method of cellular micro-elastography was developed. An oscillating microbubble is used as a contactless shear wave source at 15 kHz to perform experiments on blood cells whose diameter is about 15 µm. These are the smallest objects ever explored by elastography. Larger objects, cell clusters of a few tens of thousands of cells have also been studied. Indeed, since ultrasound elastography of these tumour models of about 800 µm in diameter is impossible, optical micro-elastography is a suitable technique. These samples contain magnetic nanoparticles, so a magnetic pulse could be used as a wave source. Previously, proofs of concept on both macroscopic (in ultrasonic elastography) and microscopic (in optical micro-elastography) phantoms were conducted to validate the use of this diffuse field source. Finally, pulse wave measurements were performed on retinal arteries of about 50 µm in diameter using laser Doppler holography acquisitions performed in vivo. The application of monochromatic correlation algorithms allowed the measurement of guided wave velocities, finally revealing the existence of a second pulse wave, an antisymmetric bending wave. This guided wave, much slower than the axisymmetric pulse wave studied so far, was also observed on the carotid artery thanks to ultrafast ultrasound acquisitions
Antunes, Neves Ana Luisa. "Application au domaine biomédical des moyens de caractérisation électromagnétique de matériaux dans le spectre des micro-ondes." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0320/document.
Full textThe penetration capacity of the electromagnetic (EM) waves in matter or biological tissues allows exploring media non-destructively. Concerning the public health sector, improving the quality of life has become one of the greatest concerns of nowadays society. EM wave research on different media and biological tissues shows a great potential for diagnostic applications and eventually for therapeutically applications. In this doctoral thesis, we focus on the vast domain of the biomedical applications of wave-matter interactions, based on the knowledge of the electromagnetic properties of matter, the complex permittivity and the conductivity. On a first instance, we address the emerging domain of ultra-high field MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), which nowadays puts effort into the clinical implementation of 7T devices. Firstly our purpose is to produce an anthropomorphic head model, composed of the brain’s different layers, and taking into account the electromagnetic properties and the proton relaxation times inherent to each tissue. These realistic head models allow to evaluate the newly developed protocols for these ultra-high field devices. Secondly, we have studied and developed field homogenization devices, which allow brightening the shadow areas displayed in some MRI images, such as the cerebellum and the temporal lobes in brain imaging at 7T. This procedure, named Passive Shimming, is based on the use of high permittivity dielectric pads composed of Barium Titanate, which focalize the field to the areas where normally the wavelength in insufficient to generate a homogeneous signal distribution
Lehujeur, Maximilien. "Étude d'un réservoir géothermique profond par corrélation de bruit sismique ambiant." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAH013/document.
Full textThis work focuses on the application of the ambient seismic noise correlation technique for the imaging and monitoring of deep geothermal reservoirs near Rittershoffen (ECOGI) and Soultz-sous-Forêts (GEIE-EMC). The strong spatial and temporal variability of the noise sources in the period range 0.2-7s limits the reconstruction of the Green’s functions. This results in significant errors in the velocity models. Two approaches are proposed to overcome the spatial non-uniformity of the noise and to improve the quality of the velocity models. Besides that, the temporal variability of the noise sources is a limiting factor for monitoring purposes. We estimate that the speed variations should be larger than 0.1% to 1% to be detected by the available networks. This threshold was not reached at Rittershoffen during the drillings or the stimulations. However, a probable change of the diffracting properties of the medium was observed following a hydraulic stimulation
Borzooei, Sahar. "Solution numérique pour un scanner médical portable." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ5040.
Full textRotator cuff tears (RCTs) represent one of the most frequent shoulder injuries and often progress to more severe conditions over time. Although MRI is the standard imaging modality for detecting RCTs, it is limited to use in imaging centers, and it is not always accurate in depicting the presence and extent of the tears. A portable, non-invasive, and cost-effective diagnostic tool for on-site diagnosis of RCTs is in demand. This thesis presents the contributions made to the development of a numerical model for this medical scanner which relies on repeated solves of Maxwell's equations. The finite element discretization of this problem results in a large-scale, ill-conditioned linear system that is challenging to solve. Our first contribution is the development of a PML-based Schwarz-type preconditioner that improves the efficiency of the solution method, in terms of convergence rate and computing time. Next, we utilize state-of-the-art numerical modeling to design a wearable imaging system for three-dimensional image reconstruction of the shoulder. This task is challenging due to the electrically large size of the shoulder, its complex anatomy, and the heterogeneous nature of the tissues, which are characterized by high losses. The feasibility study shows promising results in the detection of RCTs. However, this method can be limited by high noise levels or the patient's body habits. To address this, we generate a large dataset, using an optimized version of the numerical imaging system and employ a machine learning algorithm, for automatic and real-time detection of RCTs
Goldfarb, Fabienne. "Microscopie de photodétachement de Si ̄et OH ̄ : spectroscopie micro-eV par imagerie de fonction d'onde pour un test de validité du modèle de l'électron libre." Paris 11, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004059.
Full textThe photodetachment microscope was built in the middle of the nineties at Laboratory Aimé Cotton. It enables one to record interference patterns due to electrons detached from negative ions by a laser into a uniform electric field. In a first approximation, the previously linked electron and neutral species don't interact any more after detachment : we have a free electron source. According to the classical equations of movement, a free electron placed in a uniform electric field with a given kinetic energy has two different trajectories for going to a given point. In a quantum point of view, the electronic matter wave is divided into two parts, which follow both possible ways. As the electronic wave emitted by photodetachment is coherent, these two half-waves interfere. The recorded interference patterns are highly sensitive to the electron kinetic energy, which can thus be measured by comparison between the experimental data and the free electron model predictions. These high resolutlon spectroscopy measurements were used for testing the free electron model validity for the Si ̄and OH ̄anions, looking for possible interaction effects between the detached electron and the neutral species. The Si ̄anion enables us to show the validity of the method for an atom heavier than those previously studied. The OH ̄molecular anion was chosen for examining the dipolar potential effect on the interference images. We didn't see any modification of the images, and the obtained results validated this method for the measurements of diatomic anion detachment energies. These researches provided new values for the electron affinities of Si and OH, with an improved accuracy
Qin, Yingying. "Early breast anomalies detection with microwave and ultrasound modalities." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASG058.
Full textImaging of the breast for early detec-tion of tumors is studied by associating microwave (MW) and ultrasound (US) data. No registration is enforced since a free pending breast is tackled. A 1st approach uses prior information on tissue boundaries yielded from US reflection data. Regularization incorporates that two neighboring pixels should exhibit similar MW properties when not on a boundary while a jump allowed otherwise. This is enforced in the distorted Born iterative and the contrast source inversion methods. A 2nd approach involves deterministic edge preserving regularization via auxiliary variables indicating if a pixel is on an edge or not, edge markers being shared by MW and US parameters. Those are jointly optimized from the last parameter profiles and guide the next optimization as regularization term coefficients. Alternate minimization is to update US contrast, edge markers and MW contrast. A 3rd approach involves convolutional neural networks. Estimated contrast current and scattered field are the inputs. A multi-stream structure is employed to feed MW and US data. The network outputs the maps of MW and US parameters to perform real-time. Apart from the regression task, a multi-task learning strategy is used with a classifier that associates each pixel to a tissue type to yield a segmentation image. Weighted loss assigns a higher penalty to pixels in tumors when wrongly classified. A 4th approach involves a Bayesian formalism where the joint posterior distribution is obtained via Bayes’ rule; this true distribution is then approximated by a free-form separable law for each set of unknowns to get the estimate sought. All those solution methods are illustrated and compared from a wealth of simulated data on simple synthetic models and on 2D cross-sections of anatomically-realistic MRI-derived numerical breast phantoms in which small artificial tumors are inserted
Renaud, Guillaume. "Mesure de non-linéarités élastiques et dissipatives par interaction d'ondes acoustiques : application à la quatification du micro-endommagement de l'os trabéculaire." Thesis, Tours, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOUR4012/document.
Full textMicro-cracks are normally generated in bone tissue and resorpted by permanent bone remodeling. A high crack density could a?ect bone strength. But the causes and consequences on bone strength of a microdamage accumulation are badly understood. Moreover no technique is available for noninvasive assessment of the level of bone damage in vivo. In that context, an acoustical method was developed for localized and non-contact measurement of elastic and dissipative nonlinearities, based on the interaction between a low-frequency acoustic pump wave and ultrasound probing pulses. The ultrasound pulses are emitted with a repetition frequency 10 times higher than the low frequency of the pump wave. The medium is thus probed in di?erent states of triaxial stress, successively in tension and in compression. The ultrasound time of ?ight and amplitude (or energy) modulations give access to nonlinear elasticity and dissipation, respectively. The amplitude of acoustic nonlinearities generally increases with the level of damage in materials. After validation in water and undamaged solids, measurements were conducted in cracked and granular media and showed a good sensitivity of the method to the presence of cracks and contacts between grains. Finally its application to calcaneus trabecular bone showed that the low-porosity region can exhibit high acoustic nonlinearities. Furthermore, for mechanically damaged samples, either in compressive fatigue or in quasi-static compression, the amplitude of acoustic nonlinearities were well correlated with the level of damage observed by histology